張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)的《草書(shu)心(xin)經(jing)》最早見(jian)于(yu)《碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke)拔萃》,其《唐(tang)草心(xin)經(jing)》碑(bei)(bei)目下(xia)寫明(ming)張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu),此前碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)(lin)中(zhong)有明(ming)成化年(nian)間知府孫仁從百塔寺移來(lai)的《草書(shu)心(xin)經(jing)》,《關中(zhong)金石(shi)文(wen)字存逸考》對這(zhe)兩種草書(shu)“心(xin)經(jing)”都錄,其“心(xin)經(jing)、肚痛帖、千(qian)文(wen)斷碑(bei)(bei)”條(tiao)下(xia)注“均(jun)張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)草書(shu),無年(nian)月”,并稱“右三石(shi)均(jun)在(zai)西安(an)碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)(lin)”。張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)的《草書(shu)心(xin)經(jing)》最晚見(jian)于(yu)民國(guo)三年(nian)(1914年(nian))《碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)(lin)碑(bei)(bei)目表》,但此后(hou)便(bian)下(xia)落不明(ming)了。
觀(guan)自在(zai)菩(pu)薩,行(xing)深般(ban)若(ruo)波(bo)羅蜜多(duo)(duo)時,照見五蘊(yun)皆(jie)空(kong)(kong),度一切苦(ku)厄(e)。舍利子(zi),色不(bu)(bu)異(yi)空(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)異(yi)色,色即(ji)是(shi)空(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)即(ji)是(shi)色,受想(xiang)(xiang)行(xing)識,亦復如(ru)是(shi)。舍利子(zi),是(shi)諸(zhu)法(fa)(fa)空(kong)(kong)相,不(bu)(bu)生不(bu)(bu)滅(mie),不(bu)(bu)垢(gou)不(bu)(bu)凈,不(bu)(bu)增(zeng)不(bu)(bu)減。是(shi)故(gu)空(kong)(kong)中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)色,無(wu)(wu)(wu)受想(xiang)(xiang)行(xing)識,無(wu)(wu)(wu)眼耳鼻舌(she)身意(yi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)色聲香味觸(chu)法(fa)(fa),無(wu)(wu)(wu)眼界,乃至無(wu)(wu)(wu)意(yi)識界,無(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming),亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)盡(jin),乃至無(wu)(wu)(wu)老死,亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)老死盡(jin)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)苦(ku)集滅(mie)道,無(wu)(wu)(wu)智(zhi)亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)得。以無(wu)(wu)(wu)所得故(gu)。菩(pu)提薩埵,依般(ban)若(ruo)波(bo)羅蜜多(duo)(duo)故(gu),心無(wu)(wu)(wu)掛(gua)礙(ai)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)掛(gua)礙(ai)故(gu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)有恐怖,遠離顛倒夢想(xiang)(xiang),究竟涅盤。三(san)世諸(zhu)佛,依般(ban)若(ruo)波(bo)羅蜜多(duo)(duo)故(gu),得阿耨多(duo)(duo)羅三(san)藐三(san)菩(pu)提。故(gu)知般(ban)若(ruo)波(bo)羅蜜多(duo)(duo),是(shi)大(da)神咒(zhou)(zhou),是(shi)大(da)明(ming)(ming)咒(zhou)(zhou),是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)上咒(zhou)(zhou),是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)等等咒(zhou)(zhou),能(neng)除(chu)一切苦(ku),真實不(bu)(bu)虛。故(gu)說(shuo)般(ban)若(ruo)波(bo)羅蜜多(duo)(duo)咒(zhou)(zhou),即(ji)說(shuo)咒(zhou)(zhou)曰:揭諦(di)揭諦(di),波(bo)羅揭諦(di),波(bo)羅僧揭諦(di),菩(pu)提薩婆訶(he)。
凡人(ren)(ren)要(yao)度苦厄(e),了(le)生死,成大覺,非(fei)從自(zi)(zi)心下手不(bu)(bu)可(ke)。但要(yao)明(ming)白(bai)自(zi)(zi)心,只(zhi)依這二(er)百六(liu)十個字,已經夠了(le)。但空(kong)的道(dao)理不(bu)(bu)明(ming)白(bai),自(zi)(zi)心的相貌也難徹了(le)。這個經,最主要(yao)是(shi)說(shuo)性空(kong)的道(dao)理,不(bu)(bu)是(shi)世(shi)人(ren)(ren)所說(shuo)的空(kong),那是(shi)斷(duan)滅空(kong),他們(men)誤解佛法(fa)是(shi)消極自(zi)(zi)了(le)的。今把此經判分七段,用(yong)白(bai)話來逐(zhu)字逐(zhu)句(ju)解釋,使世(shi)人(ren)(ren)明(ming)白(bai)空(kong)的真義,不(bu)(bu)至(zhi)誤會造業。由此斷(duan)一切苦厄(e),并可(ke)發大悲(bei)平等心救世(shi),證明(ming)佛法(fa)在社會上(shang)的大用(yong),實是(shi)開發世(shi)界大同唯一的法(fa)寶。
【般若(ruo)】這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)梵文(wen),我國(guo)名(ming)為(wei)大智慧(hui)。因(yin)為(wei)中國(guo)文(wen)字(zi)難盡其(qi)義,所(suo)以仍用原(yuan)文(wen),并且尊重這(zhe)(zhe)幾個字(zi),所(suo)以不(bu)譯。這(zhe)(zhe)個般若(ruo),全是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說心的妙(miao)用。上(shang)(shang)自(zi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),下(xia)至眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)不(bu)由此而成佛(fo)(fo)(fo)道,了(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)死,度(du)苦厄(e)。論其(qi)性體,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)滅的金剛;論其(qi)相貌,卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)形無(wu)狀的實相;論其(qi)妙(miao)用,乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)可測知的圓通(tong)神妙(miao)。這(zhe)(zhe)個般若(ruo),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人人有(you)分(fen)的,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)和眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平等(deng)(deng)的;不(bu)過佛(fo)(fo)(fo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)了(le)(le)般若(ruo)慧(hui),眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)而不(bu)開(kai),被(bei)無(wu)明(ming)所(suo)蒙住了(le)(le)。至于(yu)般若(ruo)兩(liang)個字(zi),解釋卻有(you)許多字(zi),當云“通(tong)達世(shi)(shi)間(jian)法(fa)出(chu)世(shi)(shi)間(jian)法(fa),融(rong)通(tong)無(wu)礙,恰(qia)到(dao)好處,而又不(bu)執(zhi)(zhi)取諸法(fa)的大智慧(hui)。”才(cai)能(neng)盡其(qi)義。因(yin)為(wei)世(shi)(shi)間(jian)法(fa)人事(shi)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng),都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa)。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)覺(jue)義,能(neng)覺(jue)悟世(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)一切人情(qing)世(shi)(shi)故。盡了(le)(le)人道,才(cai)可成佛(fo)(fo)(fo)。總之,入世(shi)(shi)出(chu)世(shi)(shi),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一心,顛倒煩(fan)惱,貪(tan)嗔癡迷,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)道眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)的心;如能(neng)空凈自(zi)在,不(bu)固執(zhi)(zhi),便是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)菩薩的心。所(suo)以離(li)世(shi)(shi)法(fa),便沒有(you)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa);離(li)了(le)(le)般若(ruo),只有(you)作孽受苦厄(e)的分(fen)了(le)(le)。
【波(bo)羅(luo)】此(ci)言彼(bi)岸(an);因為有(you)個度(du)字,所以假定一(yi)條生(sheng)死河,眾生(sheng)在苦惱(nao)的此(ci)岸(an),要度(du)過到清凈(jing)的彼(bi)岸(an),用(yong)來比喻,不是(shi)真有(you)此(ci)岸(an)彼(bi)岸(an)。
【蜜】是到的意思,是到了(le)果位(wei)了(le)。果位(wei)是究竟涅盤,涅盤就是清凈(jing)。
【多(duo)】是(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)面的意思。到(dao)彼岸之(zhi)上(shang),才(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)究竟。現在(zai)假(jia)分五(wu)步(bu):第(di)一步(bu)在(zai)此岸;第(di)二(er)步(bu)入流,是(shi)(shi)(shi)下了渡船(chuan)了,是(shi)(shi)(shi)初(chu)發心的人(ren),亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)初(chu)果(guo)羅漢;第(di)三步(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中流,船(chuan)在(zai)河中間,如聲聞緣覺;第(di)四步(bu)到(dao)了彼岸,是(shi)(shi)(shi)十地以下的菩薩,終不是(shi)(shi)(shi)究竟;必第(di)五(wu)步(bu)上(shang)岸,“多(duo)”舍去了船(chuan),即是(shi)(shi)(shi)舍去了法(fa)見,掃除(chu)了執(zhi)心,斯是(shi)(shi)(shi)了無掛(gua)礙(ai)的等覺菩薩和佛。
【心(xin)】心(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么?是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)影子(zi),不(bu)(bu)能說(shuo)(shuo)有,不(bu)(bu)能說(shuo)(shuo)無(wu):所以(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)形段,不(bu)(bu)過是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)根(眼、耳(er)、鼻、舌、身、意(yi)(yi))和六(liu)塵(色、聲、香、味、觸、法(fa))相(xiang)對起(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)認識(shi)(shi),叫做六(liu)識(shi)(shi)(眼識(shi)(shi)、耳(er)識(shi)(shi)、鼻識(shi)(shi)、舌識(shi)(shi)、身識(shi)(shi)、意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)同外境集合而(er)緣起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)影,即(ji)(ji)名(ming)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin);心(xin)中起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)理,叫做幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)法(fa);執住個(ge)(ge)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)我成個(ge)(ge)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)見(jian),于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成熟了(le)(le),就(jiu)有六(liu)道(dao)(dao)生(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)。但造(zao)成這個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin),要(yao)開般若智慧了(le)(le)脫生(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)用(yong)這幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin);成到(dao)佛(涅盤),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)這幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin),你既然(ran)知(zhi)道(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),那么就(jiu)有幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)造(zao)成幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)法(fa),一(yi)切(qie)人(ren)事等(deng)等(deng),六(liu)道(dao)(dao)生(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)涅盤,還不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)樣是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)?由此(ci)可覺(jue)本來沒有生(sheng)死(si)(si)(si),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冤(yuan)枉造(zao)作(zuo)。既無(wu)生(sheng)死(si)(si)(si),就(jiu)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)著涅盤了(le)(le),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)諸法(fa)空相(xiang),涅盤生(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)等(deng)空華,即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)此(ci)意(yi)(yi)。但又為什么分(fen)真(zhen)心(xin)妄心(xin)呢?這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)得已而(er)替初學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)說(shuo)(shuo),其實(shi)心(xin),根本不(bu)(bu)有,不(bu)(bu)可得,又分(fen)什么真(zhen)和妄呢?不(bu)(bu)過幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)不(bu)(bu)能除,人(ren)事上(shang)一(yi)切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)能廢,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)權分(fen)真(zhen)心(xin)妄心(xin)。真(zhen)心(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)心(xin)之(zhi)心(xin),何以(yi)(yi)(yi)叫無(wu)心(xin)之(zhi)心(xin)呢?即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)起(qi)(qi)念(nian)(nian)時,而(er)見(jian)聞覺(jue)知(zhi)仍(reng)舊了(le)(le)了(le)(le),卻無(wu)分(fen)別,寂然(ran)不(bu)(bu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),此(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)心(xin);如一(yi)起(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)念(nian)(nian),分(fen)別人(ren)事,而(er)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)心(xin)不(bu)(bu)顛倒,亦不(bu)(bu)逐境流浪(lang),頓(dun)然(ran)歸到(dao)無(wu)心(xin)本位,此(ci)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)心(xin)。至于(yu)念(nian)(nian)念(nian)(nian)流浪(lang),不(bu)(bu)覺(jue)漸(jian)漸(jian)入了(le)(le)迷(mi)途,此(ci)名(ming)妄心(xin),但本體勿失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這部心(xin)經,就(jiu)教(jiao)你凜覺(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)子(zi),用(yong)智慧觀照(zhao)什么是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)?什么是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苦厄(e)?又如何回歸到(dao)清凈寂滅無(wu)心(xin)之(zhi)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本位?所以(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)為般若波羅蜜多(duo)心(xin)經。
【經】有(you)許多(duo)意思:如(ru)“路”,指示我們(men)回復(fu)真心之路的(de);“法(fa)”,一切(qie)方(fang)法(fa);“貫”,貫通前(qian)后(hou)的(de)義(yi)理(li)(li);“契”,契合各(ge)人的(de)機,各(ge)事的(de)理(li)(li),有(you)這幾種解釋。現在二(er)百六十個字(zi),是文字(zi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo),指示我們(men)觀照般(ban)(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)的(de)方(fang)法(fa);照此去(qu)做(zuo),實證實相(xiang)般(ban)(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)的(de)究竟,總不出眾生心行中事,所以經是完(wan)全指我們(men)自身而說(shuo)的(de)。
此經(jing)(jing)共有七個(ge)翻譯(yi),這是(shi)唐朝三(san)藏大(da)師玄奘所(suo)(suo)譯(yi),文是(shi)簡單的(de)(de),義(yi)是(shi)深奧的(de)(de)。雖(sui)有七譯(yi),意義(yi)是(shi)一樣(yang)的(de)(de)。讀(du)經(jing)(jing)當(dang)重(zhong)意義(yi),不可徒在文字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)死執。此經(jing)(jing)是(shi)替大(da)乘菩薩登佛(fo)位(wei)(wei)說的(de)(de),表至高無上(shang)的(de)(de)佛(fo)境(jing),意境(jing)只(zhi)有自(zi)(zi)己曉得(de),說不出的(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)叫做無字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)真經(jing)(jing)。并不是(shi)真的(de)(de)無字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),愿學人自(zi)(zi)己領(ling)會自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)境(jing)界(jie),到了如何地位(wei)(wei);至于佛(fo)的(de)(de)境(jing)界(jie),卻不是(shi)二乘人或十地以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de)菩薩可以(yi)(yi)測知(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)。我(wo)們東(dong)土人,大(da)乘根器多(duo)而厚(hou),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)不論男的(de)(de)女的(de)(de),識字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不識字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),都喜歡(huan)讀(du)這個(ge)經(jing)(jing);譬(pi)如人聞香(xiang),個(ge)個(ge)人知(zhi)(zhi)道香(xiang)味好,但(dan)多(duo)半不知(zhi)(zhi)道是(shi)什(shen)么香(xiang);而受(shou)薰是(shi)平等的(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)不可思議。以(yi)(yi)上(shang)釋題竟。
【觀(guan)(guan)】定下了心,運想那個道理叫做觀(guan)(guan)。這個觀(guan)(guan),是(shi)已(yi)證到(dao)果地圓成的(de)妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan),不(bu)是(shi)因地初修作(zuo)觀(guan)(guan)的(de)觀(guan)(guan),是(shi)大(da)自在觀(guan)(guan),般若的(de)大(da)機大(da)用(yong)已(yi)經啟(qi)發,心無能觀(guan)(guan),亦無所觀(guan)(guan),是(shi)能所雙忘的(de)妙(miao)觀(guan)(guan)。
【自(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)】是無可無不可的自(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai),不是自(zi)(zi)由(you)。自(zi)(zi)由(you)是不肯受拘束的,但環(huan)(huan)境不如你的意思,便苦了。獨有自(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai),是到處能(neng)安,自(zi)(zi)然(ran)地(di)不受環(huan)(huan)境所困,一(yi)切好壞隨緣;樂亦(yi)(yi)不喜(xi),苦亦(yi)(yi)不惱(nao),知道(dao)他(ta)是本(ben)來空,自(zi)(zi)己有主宰的。這(zhe)個自(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai),是指大(da)自(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)。
【菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩】是菩(pu)(pu)(pu)提薩埵的(de)簡稱,能自(zi)己覺悟(wu),再能覺悟(wu)人的(de)謂之菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩;所以(yi)是人天的(de)導師,為三界(jie)的(de)善知識。三界(jie)是:(一)欲界(jie),由人的(de)一部分(fen)下至(zhi)五(wu)道;(二)色(se)界(jie),指天道;(三)無色(se)界(jie),指禪天;總是在六道中(zhong)。菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩分(fen)在家,出家,地前,登(deng)地,十地等(deng)覺,最高(gao)是一生(sheng)補處(chu)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩,就是佛(fo)退位后,他來(lai)接位的(de),如此(ci)土的(de)彌(mi)勒佛(fo),西方的(de)觀世音大士。這個菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩,是指十地等(deng)覺將登(deng)佛(fo)位的(de)大自(zi)在菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩。
【行】心(xin)行,心(xin)中(zhong)起種種妙(miao)觀(guan)妙(miao)行的大用,作種種自利利他二事業。
【深】不(bu)是(shi)深淺的深,是(shi)不(bu)可測(ce)量的意思(si),圓遍廣(guang)大(da),究竟無上(shang)的妙行。
【般若波羅蜜多(duo)】上(shang)面已經解(jie)釋過了,就(jiu)說菩(pu)薩(sa)的功(gong)行,已到究竟地,登彼岸之上(shang)了。
【時(shi)(shi)】這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)字(zi)關(guan)系甚大,顯明(ming)到(dao)了這(zhe)個境界的時(shi)(shi)候,正(zheng)是果位的時(shi)(shi)候,已(yi)經斷除(chu)一切煩(fan)惱,度盡苦(ku)厄(e)(e),沒有掛礙的了。在下兩句“照見(jian)五(wu)蘊皆(jie)空(kong),度一切苦(ku)厄(e)(e)”之后的意境,點明(ming)大自在的光景,不可草草。
【照(zhao)見】朗然(ran)覺照(zhao),徹見無(wu)余的意(yi)思(si),是(shi)無(wu)功用(yong)的功用(yong),毫(hao)不著意(yi)的覺照(zhao),心(xin)神會通(tong)的了。
【五(wu)蘊(yun)】指(zhi)色(se)(se)、受(shou)、想、行、識(shi)(shi),這五(wu)事蘊(yun)結不分,叫做五(wu)蘊(yun)。此(ci)言心(xin)和(he)外境相(xiang)蘊(yun)合,統名曰色(se)(se)。一個(ge)(ge)色(se)(se)字,包括(kuo)五(wu)個(ge)(ge)字在內,并且包括(kuo)外面一切一切有相(xiang)相(xiang)形(xing)形(xing)色(se)(se)色(se)(se),內面無相(xiang)相(xiang)思想方(fang)面都在內。外境原是(shi)色(se)(se),而我的(de)(de)眼(yan)、耳、鼻、舌、身、意也(ye)是(shi)色(se)(se);外色(se)(se)和(he)內色(se)(se)接(jie)觸(chu)了(le),就有個(ge)(ge)受(shou);既受(shou)了(le),就要去想象(xiang)他,這是(shi)想;想到了(le),心(xin)中一行轉念,這是(shi)行;轉出那知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)來,就是(shi)識(shi)(shi);所以受(shou)想行識(shi)(shi)四個(ge)(ge)也(ye)還是(shi)色(se)(se),總是(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)起的(de)(de)作用,成就種種的(de)(de)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)法。這個(ge)(ge)五(wu)蘊(yun),是(shi)眾生造孽受(shou)苦(ku)成立六道生死的(de)(de)資本,但也(ye)是(shi)開般若,除習氣,度苦(ku)厄,了(le)生死的(de)(de)工
具(ju),也就是佛菩薩成大(da)覺(jue)度眾生的(de)工(gong)具(ju)。同(tong)要用五蘊,只是佛菩薩能照見本空(kong),可以善用,不(bu)(bu)被(bei)所轉,眾生反(fan)被(bei)所縛;是在(zai)覺(jue)不(bu)(bu)覺(jue),明(ming)空(kong)不(bu)(bu)明(ming)空(kong)之別,不(bu)(bu)要指(zhi)定為不(bu)(bu)好的(de)東西(xi),反(fan)生了偏見。
【皆】統統包盡無(wu)余,就是(shi)一切的意思。不但(dan)人空,法亦空,連照見(jian)亦空,因為照見(jian)亦是(shi)五(wu)蘊(yun),所(suo)以稱皆。
【空(kong)(kong)】世(shi)上的(de)人,往往不(bu)(bu)明白(bai)空(kong)(kong)的(de)道理,籠統說(shuo):空(kong)(kong)就(jiu)是沒有(you)(you)(you)了(le)。不(bu)(bu)知“空(kong)(kong)”有(you)(you)(you)空(kong)(kong)間、虛(xu)空(kong)(kong)、空(kong)(kong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、空(kong)(kong)義種(zhong)種(zhong)的(de)分別。今分為兩種(zhong):一空(kong)(kong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),是有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de),如(ru)空(kong)(kong)屋,人滿了(le),空(kong)(kong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)破了(le),所以(yi)“有(you)(you)(you)”與“空(kong)(kong)”是相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對的(de),這(zhe)就(jiu)是世(shi)人說(shuo)的(de)沒有(you)(you)(you)就(jiu)是空(kong)(kong)了(le)。經(jing)上另(ling)有(you)(you)(you)十八空(kong)(kong)義,不(bu)(bu)必盡說(shuo)。
至(zhi)于(yu)佛經上(shang)所(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)義,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本來(lai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)萬有(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)和(he)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)而(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。要明(ming)(ming)白這(zhe)個(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意義,先(xian)得(de)明(ming)(ming)白幾點(dian):所(suo)謂宇宙間一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)形形色(se)(se)色(se)(se),山(shan)河大地(di),日月星辰,下至(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)用物(wu)(wu)、植物(wu)(wu)、動(dong)物(wu)(wu)和(he)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)體(ti),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang);還有(you)(you)(you)(you)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想、道理、人事、人情(qing)、喜怒哀樂,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang);一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)包括在(zai)內,總名曰(yue)色(se)(se),在(zai)因(yin)(yin)地(di)上(shang)總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)色(se)(se),尋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出一(yi)(yi)(yi)件是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)獨(du)立(li)(li)自(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。第一(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de):拿布(bu)來(lai)比,布(bu)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)獨(du)立(li)(li)自(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing),變成為(wei)(wei)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de),須依于(yu)紗(sha)線而(er)成;紗(sha)線不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)紗(sha)線,必(bi)(bi)待棉(mian)花;棉(mian)花不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you),必(bi)(bi)由(you)種子(zi);種子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)種,必(bi)(bi)賴人工天(tian)時地(di)肥等(deng)等(deng)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)分析開來(lai)才空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),在(zai)未(wei)成布(bu)成紗(sha)前,及正(zheng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)紗(sha)時,他的(de)(de)(de)(de)本身(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)眾(zhong)緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)合(he)而(er)成;因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)生,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)實體(ti),求其究(jiu)竟相(xiang)(xiang),畢(bi)竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de),身(shen)體(ti)亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如此(ci)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie),無(wu)自(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing),無(wu)實體(ti),因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)生,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。第二說(shuo)(shuo)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de):拿心(xin)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo),心(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么?根本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you),但只集起的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)。譬如夏天(tian)涼爽的(de)(de)(de)(de)席上(shang),人睡(shui)得(de)甜美之極,這(zhe)時候便(bian)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)我(wo),沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)心(xin);忽然蚊蟲(chong)咬了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)口覺得(de)了(le),這(zhe)覺得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚊蟲(chong)和(he)我(wo)集合(he)而(er)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)。此(ci)外一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)都同此(ci)理,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)心(xin)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)自(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing),因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)生,無(wu)實體(ti),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)物(wu)(wu)和(he)心(xin),無(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)而(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),和(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)分不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)開的(de)(de)(de)(de);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)物(wu)(wu)之外另有(you)(you)(you)(you)個(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)個(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),那個(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)到(dao)色(se)(se),即(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離開空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong);說(shuo)(shuo)到(dao)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離開一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)色(se)(se)。但要認明(ming)(ming)卻(que)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)生幻(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you),又須切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)實知道這(zhe)個(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)地(di)本來(lai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),非眼(yan)耳可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)聞,其義實空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。
既決定知(zhi)道一(yi)切一(yi)切是(shi)本(ben)空(kong)而幻有(you),那又何(he)必執取(qu)當(dang)他是(shi)實呢!但世上一(yi)切人事,如何(he)可(ke)(ke)廢,我仍隨緣應付(fu);不(bu)是(shi)麻木無(wu)心(xin)(xin),只是(shi)勿住(zhu),行云(yun)流水(shui)的(de)(de)到處(chu)自在,這(zhe)才是(shi)真心(xin)(xin)空(kong)。佛(fo)說(shuo)空(kong)是(shi)這(zhe)個道理(li),世上盲目(mu)妄加批評,豈不(bu)可(ke)(ke)惜!世人果能明空(kong),自然心(xin)(xin)勿執取(qu),那貪(tan)得心(xin)(xin),嗔恨心(xin)(xin),癡(chi)迷(mi)心(xin)(xin),自不(bu)會深入(ru),天下沒有(you)極端的(de)(de)爭奪了。佛(fo)法(fa)豈不(bu)是(shi)社會上最大的(de)(de)利益(yi),有(you)什么迷(mi)信可(ke)(ke)說(shuo)呢!又修行人往往有(you)口頭禪,說(shuo):“莫著了空(kong)!”這(zhe)是(shi)怕他執著空(kong)見(jian),正因為他根本(ben)不(bu)曾(ceng)明空(kong),總在空(kong)有(you)二見(jian)上作(zuo)道理(li),格(ge)外攪(jiao)擾(rao)不(bu)清了。所以明空(kong)則(ze)破(po)色(se),破(po)色(se)則(ze)心(xin)(xin)空(kong),這(zhe)是(shi)斷苦厄的(de)(de)第一(yi)法(fa)門!
【度(du)】超脫的意思,就是登彼岸之上,法(fa)見都凈(jing)了(le)也。
【一(yi)切】包羅(luo)所有(you),凈盡無余,凡有(you)相(xiang)無相(xiang),人我(wo)法我(wo)種(zhong)種(zhong)苦厄,盡包在內。
【苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)厄(e)(e)】身上的(de)痛苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),心(xin)上的(de)不(bu)安,有相無(wu)(wu)相,粗細微細,都是苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)厄(e)(e)。其實全由心(xin)起,我果無(wu)(wu)心(xin),苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)在何處(chu)?心(xin)果無(wu)(wu)見,厄(e)(e)在何處(chu)?不(bu)是不(bu)知,不(bu)是不(bu)受(shou)(shou);因(yin)為有智慧知道本來空,能夠知而(er)有若無(wu)(wu)知,受(shou)(shou)而(er)等于不(bu)受(shou)(shou);譬如兩個(ge)(ge)人同時(shi)受(shou)(shou)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),一個(ge)(ge)擋(dang)不(bu)住,甚(shen)至苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)上加(jia)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),因(yin)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)成病;一個(ge)(ge)卻無(wu)(wu)所(suo)謂(wei),心(xin)不(bu)著意,便無(wu)(wu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)厄(e)(e)了(le)。
以上(shang)四句判(pan)為總持(chi)分,是第(di)一(yi)段,總三(san)藏十二部經一(yi)切法(fa),持(chi)無量義,亦是此(ci)(ci)(ci)經綱領。通(tong)了這四句,就明白心(xin)經宗旨(zhi)了。照此(ci)(ci)(ci)做去,自(zi)然度苦厄,了生(sheng)死(si),出三(san)界,成佛道,綽乎有(you)余的了。凡不(bu)明心(xin)要的人(ren),總在(zai)文字上(shang)會(hui),不(bu)肯(ken)從自(zi)心(xin)上(shang)會(hui);弄得沒有(you)辦法(fa)時(shi),只好今日求佛,明日求法(fa);下此(ci)(ci)(ci)者,求福報,求神通(tong),死(si)要一(yi)個(ge)有(you)相的憑(ping)據,離佛道更遠了。深入迷途,豈不(bu)可痛!
【舍(she)利子】佛(fo)弟子的(de)名字,即是舍(she)利弗;在聲聞乘中,他是智(zhi)慧第(di)一。
【色(se)(se)(se)不(bu)異(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)異(yi)色(se)(se)(se),色(se)(se)(se)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se),受想行識(shi),亦(yi)復(fu)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)】首四(si)句實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)意(yi)思,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)二(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)道理。初說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)不(bu)異(yi),說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩樣的(de)(de)(de)(de),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方便的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo);后說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge),不(bu)能(neng)分的(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)究(jiu)竟說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo);斬金(jin)截鐵,毫(hao)無(wu)(wu)猶(you)豫。色(se)(se)(se)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)字,不(bu)單是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代表五(wu)蘊(yun),連外面宇(yu)(yu)宙(zhou)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)形形色(se)(se)(se)色(se)(se)(se)都(dou)包在內。因(yin)為宇(yu)(yu)宙(zhou)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),就(jiu)(jiu)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)離了我的(de)(de)(de)(de)性海(hai),渾同一(yi)(yi)體,盡是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se);而我的(de)(de)(de)(de)受、想、行、識(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)相(xiang)相(xiang),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)。這(zhe)內外兩種(zhong)色(se)(se)(se),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣生(sheng),無(wu)(wu)自(zi)性,無(wu)(wu)實(shi)體,不(bu)可得,根本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。現下雖(sui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),畢竟不(bu)可得的(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)即色(se)(se)(se)即空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)之外另有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)個(ge)(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。參(can)透上(shang)面所(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)義(yi),就(jiu)(jiu)知道這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)意(yi)義(yi)了。所(suo)以(yi)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)形形種(zhong)種(zhong),亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)蘊(yun)流轉;而色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形形種(zhong)種(zhong),全似空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)華的(de)(de)(de)(de)亂起亂滅(mie),如(ru)(ru)電影的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)幕一(yi)(yi)幕,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)而不(bu)可得。你(ni)莫(mo)把這(zhe)四(si)句看作玄(xuan)妙,實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極普(pu)通極尋常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)道理。你(ni)只認明“一(yi)(yi)切是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣生(sheng),無(wu)(wu)自(zi)性,無(wu)(wu)實(shi)體,不(bu)可得,所(suo)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)”。不(bu)但(dan)色(se)(se)(se)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),受、想、行、識(shi)四(si)蘊(yun)也(ye)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);不(bu)但(dan)五(wu)蘊(yun)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),宇(yu)(yu)宙(zhou)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)相(xiang),和下面一(yi)(yi)切法,如(ru)(ru)十八界,十二(er)因(yin)緣,四(si)諦法,六度萬(wan)(wan)(wan)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)智得等,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)相(xiang)相(xiang),一(yi)(yi)切皆(jie)復(fu)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凡(fan)夫(fu)執有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)不(bu)異(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong);二(er)乘又執空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)異(yi)色(se)(se)(se);還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菩薩未曾會通不(bu)二(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se),總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)破他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)法見(jian)(jian)。倘明白法見(jian)(jian)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),就(jiu)(jiu)了無(wu)(wu)掛礙的(de)(de)(de)(de)了。
以(yi)上七句判為色(se)空(kong)分,為第(di)二(er)段,用以(yi)會通色(se)空(kong)不二(er)的道理。
【舍利子(zi)】此時要(yao)點(dian)到本來上,在緊要(yao)關頭了,故又呼其名(ming)而告之,是(shi)鄭重的(de)意思。
【是(shi)諸法(fa)空相(xiang)】法(fa)是(shi)什(shen)么(me)?是(shi)心影(ying),是(shi)心中緣起(qi)的(de)種種道(dao)理。如果沒有(you)(you)對(dui)象,也就(jiu)沒有(you)(you)心沒有(you)(you)法(fa)了(le),所以(yi)是(shi)因緣生(sheng)、生(sheng)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng),無自性,無實物,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得,本(ben)來(lai)是(shi)空,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)造作出來(lai)的(de)空。古人說(shuo):心生(sheng)法(fa)生(sheng),心滅法(fa)滅,心既是(shi)幻,法(fa)豈是(shi)真!諸法(fa)是(shi)說(shuo)一切法(fa),就(jiu)是(shi)一切心。世上的(de)人,總是(shi)以(yi)心緣心,以(yi)法(fa)緣法(fa),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知本(ben)空,遂當他(ta)實有(you)(you),彼此(ci)固(gu)執(zhi)住(zhu)了(le),爭執(zhi)就(jiu)此(ci)多了(le)。這(zhe)個相(xiang)字(zi),應作義字(zi)解,下面正點到不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅的(de)原理。
【不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅】佛經上最不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容易(yi)了(le)解的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)這一句(ju),須(xu)知(zhi)宇(yu)宙間(jian)一切一切連我的(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)五蘊等等,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅的(de)(de)(de)。因為一切是(shi)(shi):(一)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),如(ru)上面(mian)說布(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為布(bu)(bu),是(shi)(shi)無自(zi)(zi)性的(de)(de)(de),須(xu)賴眾緣(yuan)和合而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(二(er))不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)單靠他(ta)緣(yuan),還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離(li)我這個(ge)(ge)布(bu)(bu),所以(yi)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)他(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。那么是(shi)(shi)(三)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)了(le)?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)!也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),因為兩面(mian)也(ye)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),兩無實體,只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)偶合,所以(yi)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(四)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)無因生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),現(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)假相,似乎是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),但(dan)必由(you)因成果;沒有(you)可(ke)以(yi)成布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)因,就(jiu)沒有(you)成布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)果。以(yi)此(ci)類推(tui),一切一切是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de),現(xian)在雖有(you)相,終是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)。既(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),即不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅;但(dan)現(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)假相,卻有(you)個(ge)(ge)假滅,只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)滅,如(ru)布(bu)(bu)燒成灰,布(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)燒;不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他(ta)滅,雖有(you)火燒,終不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離(li)了(le)布(bu)(bu);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)共滅,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)無因滅,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)理(li),可(ke)以(yi)推(tui)想(xiang)得到的(de)(de)(de)。
【不(bu)垢不(bu)凈(jing),不(bu)增不(bu)減(jian)】因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)滅(mie),所(suo)(suo)以垢凈(jing)、增減(jian)、長短、是非(fei)、好(hao)壞、來(lai)(lai)(lai)去,一對一對的(de)(de)都是因(yin)(yin)(yin)分別(bie)而緣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),統(tong)統(tong)是幻(huan)有(you)不(bu)可得,所(suo)(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)相(xiang),本(ben)(ben)來(lai)(lai)(lai)是空相(xiang);因(yin)(yin)(yin)世(shi)事(shi)無一不(bu)由相(xiang)對而成,苦(ku)惱也由相(xiang)對而立。倘知(zhi)根本(ben)(ben)是因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),無自性,無實體,不(bu)可得,根本(ben)(ben)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)過暫時有(you)這個虛妄(wang)相(xiang),那又(you)何(he)必執為(wei)實體呢(ni)?既不(bu)執有(you),亦不(bu)廢有(you);即一切(qie)法(fa),離(li)一切(qie)法(fa);既此用,離(li)此用;心如長空萬里,包羅一切(qie),自在無住,此是諸法(fa)空相(xiang)的(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)來(lai)(lai)(lai)面(mian)目,亦即無心可心的(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)來(lai)(lai)(lai)面(mian)目。但眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)久(jiu)已不(bu)知(zhi)的(de)(de)了,有(you)全(quan)不(bu)知(zhi)者(zhe)是六道眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),半知(zhi)者(zhe)是二乘,知(zhi)而未徹者(zhe)是菩(pu)薩,都是有(you)掛礙。所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)有(you)五部(bu),有(you)此岸(an),有(you)入(ru)流,有(you)中流,有(you)彼(bi)岸(an)而未登岸(an)上
種(zhong)種(zhong)。以上五(wu)句,判(pan)為本來分,為第三段,修行(xing)人最要(yao)緊是這(zhe)一點,切勿(wu)忽過。
【是(shi)故】此是(shi)決(jue)定(ding)的口氣(qi)。
【空(kong)(kong)中無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)受想(xiang)行識(shi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)(yan)耳(er)鼻舌身(shen)意,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色聲(sheng)香味觸法(fa),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)(yan)界(jie),乃至無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)意識(shi)界(jie)】既(ji)(ji)明白了(le)空(kong)(kong)中的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)理,那么(me)(me)空(kong)(kong)之中還有什么(me)(me)實體可得呢?這“無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”字有兩個(ge)(ge)解釋:一是無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有,是根本不有的(de)(de)(de)意思(si)。二是毋(wu)的(de)(de)(de)意思(si)。因為(wei)(wei)現在雖有幻相(xiang),但畢竟是無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),毋(wu)庸執取以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)實有而生(sheng)法(fa)見,添(tian)許多(duo)煩惱(nao)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)五蘊(色、受、想(xiang)、行、識(shi))、六(liu)根(眼(yan)(yan)、耳(er)、鼻、舌、身(shen)、意)、六(liu)塵(色、聲(sheng)、香、味、觸、法(fa))這是十二入(ru),再加上六(liu)識(shi)(眼(yan)(yan)識(shi)、耳(er)識(shi)、鼻識(shi)、舌識(shi)、身(shen)識(shi)、意識(shi))共為(wei)(wei)十八界(jie),都(dou)是不可得;因為(wei)(wei)是緣生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)自性的(de)(de)(de),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實體的(de)(de)(de),不可得的(de)(de)(de)。然而人既(ji)(ji)有此幻身(shen),自有幻心作用,不能斷滅;佛(fo)菩(pu)薩也(ye)要用以(yi)(yi)度(du)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng),救世間無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)苦(ku),我人正要用此以(yi)(yi)開般若,了(le)生(sheng)死,出三界(jie),不過圣人明白本來空(kong)(kong),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)法(fa)執;眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)迷了(le),遂生(sheng)顛倒(dao),這是眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)大掛(gua)礙(ai)。因為(wei)(wei)地(di)獄(yu)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng),掛(gua)礙(ai)在具(ju)足多(duo)分(fen)貪(tan)嗔(chen)(chen)癡(chi),鬼(gui)道(dao)掛(gua)礙(ai)于(yu)(yu)多(duo)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)貪(tan),畜道(dao)掛(gua)礙(ai)于(yu)(yu)多(duo)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)癡(chi),魔(mo)道(dao)掛(gua)礙(ai)于(yu)(yu)多(duo)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)嗔(chen)(chen),人道(dao)掛(gua)礙(ai)于(yu)(yu)半分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)嗔(chen)(chen)癡(chi),天道(dao)掛(gua)礙(ai)于(yu)(yu)少分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)。這貪(tan)、嗔(chen)(chen)、癡(chi)三毒(du),都(dou)由六(liu)根六(liu)塵六(liu)識(shi)而起(qi),只一空(kong)(kong)字可以(yi)(yi)化除一切煩惱(nao)掛(gua)礙(ai)。化除了(le),當(dang)下即是菩(pu)提;所(suo)以(yi)(yi)煩惱(nao)菩(pu)提,同是這個(ge)(ge)東(dong)西。
【無(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming),亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)盡,乃至(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)死(si),亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)死(si)盡】這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)(即辟支佛,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曾聞到佛法而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)借因緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)悟(wu)的(de))執取(qu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二因緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掛礙,他不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知道諸(zhu)法空相。既說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),可(ke)(ke)見是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)實(shi),但伊(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能明(ming)空,被法見縛住了(le)(le)(le),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)自在。那十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二因緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):一(yi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過去(qu)(qu)的(de)根本煩惱,只要碰到緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)動了(le)(le)(le)。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉下去(qu)(qu)的(de)意(yi)思(si)。二、無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行(xing):行(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)動,做種種或(huo)善或(huo)惡的(de)行(xing)業(ye)。三、行(xing)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)識:由(you)于(yu)過去(qu)(qu)的(de)行(xing)業(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)起現(xian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)受胎的(de)一(yi)念,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因認(ren)識而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成為(wei)果(guo)的(de)。四、識緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)名(ming)色(se):在胎中(zhong)已有(you)(you)(you)(you)形體而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)色(se)。五(wu)、名(ming)色(se)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)六入:是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六根具足(zu),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)和六塵相對(dui)的(de)了(le)(le)(le)。六、六入緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)觸(chu):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出胎后(hou)對(dui)于(yu)一(yi)切(qie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)接觸(chu)了(le)(le)(le)。七、觸(chu)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)受:接觸(chu)之后(hou),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)受苦受樂而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種種感覺(jue)。八、受緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)愛:如成年(nian)以(yi)(yi)后(hou),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)強盛的(de)愛欲(yu)。九、愛緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)取(qu):有(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)愛欲(yu),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)想去(qu)(qu)取(qu)得(de),心去(qu)(qu)四面馳求(qiu)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、取(qu)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you):取(qu)得(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)業(ye)成就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)果(guo)位(wei)(wei)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng):這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成立了(le)(le)(le),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已,轉入未來。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)死(si):有(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)滅(mie),一(yi)切(qie)本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夢(meng)幻(huan)泡影,終(zhong)必變滅(mie),老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)死(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)段生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)的(de)果(guo)。但只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)未滅(mie),再(zai)來一(yi)轉,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)世(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)轉輾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已,遂(sui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)六道輪回,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)作祟。乃至(zhi)兩(liang)個字,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)跳至(zhi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)死(si),中(zhong)間略去(qu)(qu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)位(wei)(wei)。這(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二因緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),位(wei)(wei)位(wei)(wei)都依據無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)作主(zhu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妄心幻(huan)法緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)起,根本無(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)。盡者,極(ji)也(ye)(ye),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)之極(ji)也(ye)(ye),言無(wu)(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕對(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)的(de)意(yi)思(si)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)非(fei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)實(shi)體,如空中(zhong)華,夢(meng)中(zhong)事(shi);夢(meng)中(zhong)非(fei)無(wu)(wu)(wu),及至(zhi)夢(meng)醒,了(le)(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)。可(ke)(ke)惜眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能斷(duan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming),緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下,無(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)窮期,無(wu)(wu)(wu)非(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)惑業(ye)苦。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)雖已悟(wu)到十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二因緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),原是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)假(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)一(yi)合相;但以(yi)(yi)為(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定法不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)移,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)法見不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)凈(jing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掛礙。
【無(wu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)集(ji)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)】這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聲聞執(zhi)取(qu)四(si)諦(di)法(fa),而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掛(gua)礙。苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、集(ji)、滅(mie)(mie)(mie)、道(dao)(dao)(dao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)名四(si)諦(di),就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)種重要的(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)理。苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身心(xin)逼迫不(bu)安。眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)身有(you)(you)三(san)(san)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku):老(lao)、病(bing)、死(si)(si)。心(xin)有(you)(you)三(san)(san)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku):貪(tan)、嗔(chen)、癡。后(hou)世有(you)(you)三(san)(san)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku):地獄、鬼、畜生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。更有(you)(you)三(san)(san)災(zai)八難苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、壞苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、行苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、不(bu)知足苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、不(bu)安命(ming)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、心(xin)無(wu)寄托苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)諦(di)。卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)界六道(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)果(guo),無(wu)不(bu)由心(xin)和境集(ji)合而成,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集(ji)諦(di)。滅(mie)(mie)(mie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)消(xiao)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)的(de)意(yi)思,斷(duan)一(yi)切苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),歸到清凈寂滅(mie)(mie)(mie)。因為結業既滅(mie)(mie)(mie),則(ze)無(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)的(de)患累,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)諦(di)。但(dan)要滅(mie)(mie)(mie)除那集(ji)合的(de)諸苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),必得有(you)(you)個道(dao)(dao)(dao)理,道(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正道(dao)(dao)(dao);做到正道(dao)(dao)(dao),必要助道(dao)(dao)(dao),助其離(li)一(yi)切苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),到涅盤樂,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)諦(di)。聲聞執(zhi)此法(fa)見以(yi)為究(jiu)竟,所以(yi)分段生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si),或者(zhe)可了(le),變易生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)卻不(bu)易了(le)。倘明本來空(kong),知此四(si)諦(di)法(fa),不(bu)過一(yi)時的(de)緣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);不(bu)但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)上色(se)空(kong),實是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因上色(se)空(kong),不(bu)必執(zhi)取(qu),便無(wu)掛(gua)礙了(le)。
【無(wu)(wu)(wu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)得】這是(shi)菩薩的掛(gua)礙。菩薩執取六(liu)度萬行(xing)諸(zhu)法,以為(wei)確有智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧可(ke)得,有眾生可(ke)度,有佛(fo)可(ke)成,心中不免具此(ci)波羅(luo)蜜(mi)的行(xing)相,微細的法見不曾凈,所(suo)(suo)以不到(dao)究竟涅盤(pan)地(di)。從(cong)前(qian)阿難問佛(fo)如何是(shi)煩(fan)(fan)惱(nao)地(di)獄種(zhong)性(xing)(xing)?佛(fo)說行(xing)六(liu)波羅(luo)蜜(mi)行(xing)是(shi)煩(fan)(fan)惱(nao)地(di)獄種(zhong);如我能(neng)布施(shi),因(yin)(yin)見他人不肯(ken)布施(shi)而生厭惡,是(shi)煩(fan)(fan)惱(nao)地(di)獄種(zhong);我能(neng)持(chi)戒等等,因(yin)(yin)見別人不能(neng)持(chi)戒等等,心生厭恨,是(shi)煩(fan)(fan)惱(nao)地(di)獄種(zhong)。這就是(shi)彌(mi)陀經(jing)上(shang)說的見濁,是(shi)名(ming)染(ran)法,染(ran)糊涂了。況且有智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),都是(shi)幻心作用,分別為(wei)二。同是(shi)性(xing)(xing)空,更有何法可(ke)得?世尊(zun)昔在燃燈佛(fo)所(suo)(suo)得佛(fo)授(shou)記,成無(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)菩提(ti),世尊(zun)當時(shi)并不取以為(wei)勝,因(yin)(yin)為(wei)知道(dao)性(xing)(xing)空!實(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)少法可(ke)得,不過名(ming)為(wei)菩提(ti)而已。所(suo)(suo)以菩薩必(bi)到(dao)法無(wu)(wu)(wu)我的時(shi)候,才是(shi)掛(gua)礙凈盡。
【以(yi)無所(suo)得故】這是總結一句,極(ji)言(yan)上面(mian)五蘊、十(shi)八界、十(shi)二因緣、四諦法(fa)、六度(du)智得一切本空,仔細推求,實無所(suo)得。以(yi)上十(shi)三句判為法(fa)用(yong)(yong)分,為第四段,說(shuo)空了之后,般若法(fa)用(yong)(yong)自然啟發(fa),也不受法(fa)縛(fu)了。
【菩(pu)(pu)提薩埵(duo)】簡(jian)稱就是(shi)菩(pu)(pu)薩,此指已登佛位的明(ming)心菩(pu)(pu)薩,又名開士、大士;又薩埵(duo)譯為精進勇(yong)猛,堪以荷擔如來事業的人。
【依般若(ruo)(ruo)波(bo)羅蜜多故(gu)】他因為依自性的(de)(de)金(jin)剛般若(ruo)(ruo),能夠超登彼岸(an)的(de)(de)緣故(gu),所(suo)以有(you)下(xia)面(mian)實證的(de)(de)受(shou)用。我們應(ying)該知道修行不是圖(tu)利,更不能圖(tu)名(ming),名(ming)利是生(sheng)(sheng)死最(zui)毒的(de)(de)藥;名(ming)利的(de)(de)心不死,永無出頭的(de)(de)日子。因此(ci)(ci)因地要(yao)正(zheng),總要(yao)在自性上(shang)打算,老老實實,真參實究,決不要(yao)在神通奇特,出語玄妙上(shang)求,絲毫擋不住生(sheng)(sheng)死的(de)(de)。菩薩尚不能離(li)(li)開般若(ruo)(ruo),何況我輩,離(li)(li)了般若(ruo)(ruo)之外(wai),更有(you)何法?這是成佛的(de)(de)根本(ben)條件(jian),肯(ken)向這條法上(shang)走的(de)(de),才是有(you)智慧的(de)(de)人(ren),此(ci)(ci)生(sheng)(sheng)決可成就(jiu)。
【心(xin)(xin)無掛(gua)礙】這(zhe)個(ge)心(xin)(xin),是(shi)毫無掛(gua)礙,人空法空,寂滅(mie)輕(qing)安的大自在心(xin)(xin),視(shi)世(shi)間(jian)出世(shi)間(jian)一切一切皆量等虛空,無有(you)(you)邊際,包羅(luo)萬有(you)(you),了無掛(gua)礙。心(xin)(xin)且不有(you)(you),掛(gua)礙何依?苦(ku)厄安在?
【無掛礙故,無有(you)(you)恐怖(bu),遠離顛倒夢(meng)想(xiang)】心(xin)(xin)里既(ji)是(shi)凈空(kong)(kong)無見,白天沒(mei)有(you)(you)想(xiang)象,夜間自無亂夢(meng),正(zheng)如(ru)千眼(yan)千手,圓照十(shi)方,豈有(you)(you)顛倒?凡(fan)人(ren)恐怖(bu),先有(you)(you)一個得失心(xin)(xin),就(jiu)是(shi)有(you)(you)我(wo)的(de)果,正(zheng)是(shi)六道生(sheng)(sheng)死的(de)種性。如(ru)能心(xin)(xin)空(kong)(kong)法空(kong)(kong),登于佛位(wei),兩個生(sheng)(sheng)死已了(le)。菩(pu)薩再來世(shi)間,是(shi)大悲愿力(li),不(bu)是(shi)業力(li),自然沒(mei)有(you)(you)恐怖(bu),顛倒夢(meng)想(xiang),都遠離了(le),到了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)滅(mie)滅(mie)已,寂滅(mie)為樂(le)的(de)境界了(le)。
【究竟(jing)(jing)涅(nie)(nie)(nie)盤】這(zhe)涅(nie)(nie)(nie)盤是(shi)(shi)清(qing)凈的意思。二乘人是(shi)(shi)有(you)余(yu)(yu)涅(nie)(nie)(nie)盤,不(bu)是(shi)(shi)究竟(jing)(jing);這(zhe)究竟(jing)(jing)涅(nie)(nie)(nie)盤是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)位,名為無(wu)余(yu)(yu)涅(nie)(nie)(nie)盤,連涅(nie)(nie)(nie)盤亦不(bu)可得。所(suo)謂成了(le)佛(fo),也(ye)沒有(you)成佛(fo)的法見。本(ben)來涅(nie)(nie)(nie)盤是(shi)(shi)對生死(si)說的,既本(ben)來沒有(you)生死(si),亦安有(you)涅(nie)(nie)(nie)盤,不(bu)過同是(shi)(shi)個假名罷了(le)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)菩薩的果德(de)。
【三世諸佛(fo)】無論現在佛(fo),過去佛(fo),未(wei)來佛(fo),統包括三世一切諸佛(fo),不(bu)問(wen)已成(cheng)未(wei)成(cheng),都是一體平(ping)等。須知(zhi)釋迦彌陀是果上佛(fo),我和六道眾生是因上佛(fo),性自(zi)平(ping)等,所以不(bu)可自(zi)棄,也不(bu)可輕人(ren)。
【依般(ban)若波羅(luo)蜜多(duo)故(gu),得(de)阿耨(nou)多(duo)羅(luo)三(san)(san)藐三(san)(san)菩提】三(san)(san)世諸佛(fo),也無(wu)不(bu)由此(ci)法(fa)門而(er)得(de)無(wu)上(shang)菩提。一切(qie)大智慧,無(wu)不(bu)由自(zi)性佛(fo)母所(suo)生(sheng),生(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)啟(qi)發的(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思。這個得(de),正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)得(de)之得(de);必得(de)心中(zhong)了無(wu)所(suo)得(de),然后本來的(de)(de)面(mian)目(mu)斯得(de)。此(ci)時無(wu)人,無(wu)我(wo),無(wu)眾生(sheng),無(wu)壽者,寂然不(bu)動,而(er)妙(miao)用恒(heng)沙,由此(ci)啟(qi)發,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)的(de)(de)果德。阿耨(nou)多(duo)羅(luo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)上(shang),三(san)(san)藐是(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)等,三(san)(san)菩提是(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)覺;就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)上(shang)正(zheng)等正(zheng)覺,是(shi)(shi)(shi)言佛(fo)的(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)境。你想連佛(fo)也不(bu)能離此(ci)法(fa)門,眾生(sheng)豈可自(zi)外,另覓途徑,豈非顛倒(dao)!所(suo)以不(bu)自(zi)求而(er)他求,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)因地不(bu)正(zheng),適以自(zi)誤!
以上(shang)十句判為果(guo)德(de)分,為第五段,是說(shuo)到果(guo)德(de)地(di)位,一切掛礙(ai)才算(suan)凈盡,才是究竟(jing)涅盤(pan),都(dou)賴觀空(kong)成就(jiu),并(bing)無(wu)(wu)別法(fa)(fa)。又(you)以上(shang)可(ke)算(suan)是上(shang)半部心(xin)經,專(zhuan)說(shuo)此法(fa)(fa)無(wu)(wu)實。下面再(zai)翻身(shen)過來說(shuo)個無(wu)(wu)虛,金(jin)剛經說(shuo):“此法(fa)(fa)無(wu)(wu)實無(wu)(wu)虛。”要人不(bu)要執實,也不(bu)要執虛,正顯般(ban)若無(wu)(wu)住(zhu)的(de)(de)妙用。若再(zai)深(shen)一層(ceng)講,心(xin)既不(bu)有,法(fa)(fa)于(yu)何依?既沒有法(fa)(fa),更談不(bu)到無(wu)(wu)實無(wu)(wu)虛的(de)(de)了。所以說(shuo),涅盤(pan)生死等空(kong)華。
【故知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)般若波(bo)羅蜜多(duo)】以(yi)下是轉(zhuan)入無(wu)(wu)虛,點明(ming)一(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)妙用。這知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是靈(ling)照覺知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),表明(ming)悟后的(de)(de)意境,仿佛是轉(zhuan)而(er)為有;不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)這知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也是法(fa),也是性空(kong)(kong)(kong),一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)的(de)(de)緣(yuan)生,暫時(shi)的(de)(de)法(fa)用,即是知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)無(wu)(wu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生而(er)不(bu)(bu)生;所(suo)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)明(ming)無(wu)(wu)生的(de)(de)道理(li),就不(bu)(bu)能(neng)證知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)真空(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)道理(li)。前說一(yi)(yi)(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),是般若的(de)(de)體;此說一(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),是般若的(de)(de)用。所(suo)以(yi)表般若的(de)(de)至(zhi)德,無(wu)(wu)可(ke)形容,無(wu)(wu)可(ke)言表;至(zhi)此言語道斷,心行(xing)處滅;惟有神會,惟有贊嘆,正是冷暖(nuan)自知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)時(shi)候。
【是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)神咒(zhou)(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)明(ming)咒(zhou)(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)上(shang)(shang)咒(zhou)(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)等等咒(zhou)(zhou),能(neng)(neng)除(chu)一(yi)切苦,真實(shi)不(bu)(bu)虛(xu)】這六(liu)句(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)贊嘆的(de)辭(ci)句(ju)。咒(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)密意(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)決定如是(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)咒(zhou)(zhou),如軍令嚴速曰(yue)咒(zhou)(zhou)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)所不(bu)(bu)包謂之大(da)(da);以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)所不(bu)(bu)通(tong)謂之神;以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)所不(bu)(bu)照(zhao)謂之明(ming);以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)可比對(dui)無(wu)可再加謂之無(wu)上(shang)(shang);以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)畢(bi)竟(jing)平等謂之無(wu)等等;空(kong)不(bu)(bu)偏空(kong),有不(bu)(bu)著(zhu)有,于寂滅無(wu)住(zhu)的(de)性體(ti)中,能(neng)(neng)啟發(fa)恒沙(sha)妙(miao)用(yong)。六(liu)祖云:何期自性本(ben)不(bu)(bu)生滅,本(ben)不(bu)(bu)動搖;何期自性能(neng)(neng)生萬法(fa)。前(qian)為無(wu)實(shi)之體(ti),此為無(wu)虛(xu)之用(yong);故能(neng)(neng)除(chu)一(yi)切苦,真實(shi)不(bu)(bu)虛(xu)。你想世上(shang)(shang)的(de)人,沒一(yi)個(ge)人沒有掛礙的(de)痛苦,哪一(yi)個(ge)人能(neng)(neng)離了佛(fo)法(fa),佛(fo)法(fa)又何曾迷信呢!
以(yi)上(shang)七句判為證(zheng)知分(fen),分(fen)第六段,要親證(zheng)才知這個境界(jie),不(bu)是靠文字可以(yi)得知的(de)。所(suo)以(yi)得知的(de)必(bi)須要真(zhen)參(can)實究,從自性(xing)上(shang)用功,經是不(bu)過借來考(kao)證(zheng)罷(ba)了(le)(le)(le)。總(zong)之,心(xin)通才是最(zui)大神通;但心(xin)不(bu)空(kong)就不(bu)能通,不(bu)通就不(bu)能明(ming),不(bu)明(ming)則一(yi)切智慧被無明(ming)所(suo)覆,不(bu)能啟發。這一(yi)分(fen)是說(shuo)心(xin)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)真(zhen)空(kong)的(de)境界(jie),自然有許多力(li)量;不(bu)是有苦(ku)再(zai)除,卻使一(yi)切苦(ku)厄(e)無所(suo)依附,根本無苦(ku)厄(e)的(de)了(le)(le)(le)。
張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu),生(sheng)卒年不(bu)詳,字伯高,一(yi)字季明,吳(wu)郡(江(jiang)蘇(su)蘇(su)州)人(ren)。初(chu)仕為常(chang)熟尉,后(hou)(hou)官至金吾長史(shi),人(ren)稱(cheng)“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)長史(shi)”。其(qi)母(mu)陸(lu)(lu)(lu)氏為初(chu)唐書家陸(lu)(lu)(lu)柬之的(de)侄女,即(ji)虞世(shi)南的(de)外孫女。陸(lu)(lu)(lu)氏世(shi)代以書傳業,有稱(cheng)于史(shi)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)為人(ren)灑脫不(bu)羈,豁達(da)大(da)(da)度,卓爾(er)不(bu)群,才華橫溢(yi),學識(shi)淵(yuan)博(bo)。與李白、賀知章相友善,杜甫將他(ta)(ta)三(san)人(ren)列入(ru)“飲(yin)(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)八仙”。是一(yi)位(wei)極有個性(xing)的(de)草書大(da)(da)家,因他(ta)(ta)常(chang)喝得(de)(de)大(da)(da)醉,就(jiu)呼(hu)叫狂(kuang)走(zou),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)落筆(bi)(bi)成(cheng)書,甚至以頭(tou)發(fa)(fa)蘸(zhan)墨(mo)(mo)書寫(xie)(xie),故又有“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)顛(dian)”的(de)雅稱(cheng)。后(hou)(hou)懷素(su)繼承和(he)發(fa)(fa)展了其(qi)筆(bi)(bi)法,也以草書得(de)(de)名,并稱(cheng)“顛(dian)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)醉素(su)”。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)性(xing)格豪放,嗜好飲(yin)(yin)酒(jiu),常(chang)在大(da)(da)醉后(hou)(hou)手舞(wu)足蹈,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)回(hui)到(dao)(dao)桌前,提筆(bi)(bi)落墨(mo)(mo),一(yi)揮而就(jiu)。有人(ren)說(shuo)他(ta)(ta)粗魯,給他(ta)(ta)取了個張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)癲的(de)雅號。其(qi)實他(ta)(ta)很細(xi)心,他(ta)(ta)認為在日常(chang)生(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)所觸到(dao)(dao)的(de)事物,都能啟(qi)發(fa)(fa)寫(xie)(xie)字。偶有所獲,即(ji)熔冶(ye)于自己的(de)書法中(zhong)(zhong)。當時(shi)人(ren)們只(zhi)要得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)他(ta)(ta)的(de)片紙支字,都視若珍品,世(shi)襲真藏。那(nei)時(shi)候,張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)有個鄰(lin)居,家境貧困(kun),聽說(shuo)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)性(xing)情慷慨,就(jiu)寫(xie)(xie)信(xin)給張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu),希望得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)他(ta)(ta)的(de)資助。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)非常(chang)同(tong)情鄰(lin)人(ren),便在信(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)道(dao):您只(zhi)要說(shuo)這信(xin)是張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)寫(xie)(xie)的(de),要價可上百金。鄰(lin)人(ren)將信(xin)照著他(ta)(ta)的(de)話上街售賣,果然(ran)不(bu)到(dao)(dao)半(ban)日就(jiu)被(bei)爭購一(yi)空(kong)。鄰(lin)人(ren)高興地回(hui)到(dao)(dao)家,并向張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)致萬分的(de)感謝(xie)。
張旭(xu)的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法,始(shi)化于(yu)張芝、二王(wang)(wang)一路(lu),以(yi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)就最高(gao)。史稱“草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)圣”。他自己以(yi)繼承“二王(wang)(wang)”傳統(tong)為(wei)自豪,字字有(you)(you)(you)(you)法,另(ling)一方(fang)面又(you)(you)效法張芝草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藝,創(chuang)造出(chu)瀟(xiao)灑磊落,變(bian)(bian)幻莫測的(de)(de)(de)狂草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)來,其狀驚世駭俗。相(xiang)傳他見公主與擔(dan)夫爭(zheng)道,又(you)(you)聞鼓(gu)吹而(er)得筆(bi)(bi)法之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意;在河(he)南鄴縣時愛看公孫大(da)娘舞西河(he)劍(jian)器,并因此而(er)得草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神。顏真(zhen)卿曾兩度辭官向他請教筆(bi)(bi)法。張旭(xu)是一位(wei)純粹的(de)(de)(de)藝術家,他把滿腔情感傾注在點畫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,旁(pang)若(ruo)無人,如醉(zui)如癡,如癲如狂。唐韓愈(yu)《送(song)高(gao)閑上人序》中贊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):“喜怒、窘窮、憂(you)悲、愉佚、怨(yuan)恨、思慕、酣醉(zui)、無聊、不平,有(you)(you)(you)(you)動于(yu)心,必于(yu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)焉發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。觀于(yu)物(wu),見山水崖谷、鳥獸蟲魚、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)實、日月列星、風雨水火、雷(lei)霆霹(pi)靂、歌舞戰斗、天地(di)事物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian),可喜可愕,一寓于(yu)書(shu)(shu)(shu),故(gu)旭(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu),變(bian)(bian)動猶鬼神,不可端倪,以(yi)此終其身而(er)名后世。”這(zhe)是一位(wei)真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)藝術家對(dui)藝術的(de)(de)(de)執著的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)實寫照。難怪后人論及唐人書(shu)(shu)(shu)法,對(dui)歐、虞、褚、顏、柳、素等均有(you)(you)(you)(you)褒貶(bian),唯(wei)對(dui)張旭(xu)無不贊嘆不已(yi),這(zhe)是藝術史上絕無僅有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)。