張旭(xu)的《草(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)心(xin)經》最早見于《碑(bei)(bei)刻拔萃(cui)》,其《唐(tang)草(cao)(cao)心(xin)經》碑(bei)(bei)目下寫明張旭(xu),此前碑(bei)(bei)林中(zhong)有(you)明成化年間知(zhi)府孫仁(ren)從百塔寺移來的《草(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)心(xin)經》,《關中(zhong)金石文字存逸考(kao)》對這兩種草(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)“心(xin)經”都錄,其“心(xin)經、肚痛帖、千(qian)文斷碑(bei)(bei)”條下注(zhu)“均(jun)張旭(xu)草(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu),無年月”,并(bing)稱“右三(san)石均(jun)在西(xi)安碑(bei)(bei)林”。張旭(xu)的《草(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)心(xin)經》最晚見于民國三(san)年(1914年)《碑(bei)(bei)林碑(bei)(bei)目表》,但此后便(bian)下落(luo)不明了。
觀自在菩薩,行深般若波羅(luo)(luo)蜜多(duo)時,照見五蘊皆空(kong),度(du)一切苦厄(e)。舍(she)利(li)子(zi),色(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)空(kong),空(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)色(se),色(se)即(ji)是(shi)空(kong),空(kong)即(ji)是(shi)色(se),受想(xiang)行識,亦(yi)復(fu)如是(shi)。舍(she)利(li)子(zi),是(shi)諸(zhu)法(fa)(fa)空(kong)相,不(bu)(bu)(bu)生不(bu)(bu)(bu)滅,不(bu)(bu)(bu)垢(gou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)凈,不(bu)(bu)(bu)增不(bu)(bu)(bu)減。是(shi)故空(kong)中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)受想(xiang)行識,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)耳鼻舌身意,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)聲香(xiang)味(wei)觸法(fa)(fa),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)界,乃至(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)意識界,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明,亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明盡,乃至(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老死,亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老死盡。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)苦集滅道,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)智(zhi)亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)得(de)。以無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)得(de)故。菩提薩埵,依般若波羅(luo)(luo)蜜多(duo)故,心無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)掛礙(ai)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)掛礙(ai)故,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有恐怖,遠(yuan)離顛倒夢想(xiang),究竟涅盤。三世諸(zhu)佛,依般若波羅(luo)(luo)蜜多(duo)故,得(de)阿耨多(duo)羅(luo)(luo)三藐三菩提。故知般若波羅(luo)(luo)蜜多(duo),是(shi)大(da)神咒,是(shi)大(da)明咒,是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)咒,是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等等咒,能除一切苦,真實不(bu)(bu)(bu)虛。故說般若波羅(luo)(luo)蜜多(duo)咒,即(ji)說咒曰:揭諦(di)揭諦(di),波羅(luo)(luo)揭諦(di),波羅(luo)(luo)僧揭諦(di),菩提薩婆(po)訶。
凡人要(yao)度(du)苦厄,了(le)生(sheng)死,成大(da)覺,非從自心(xin)(xin)下(xia)手不(bu)可(ke)。但要(yao)明白自心(xin)(xin),只依這(zhe)二(er)百(bai)六十個字(zi),已(yi)經夠了(le)。但空(kong)的(de)道(dao)理不(bu)明白,自心(xin)(xin)的(de)相貌也難徹了(le)。這(zhe)個經,最(zui)主要(yao)是說(shuo)(shuo)性空(kong)的(de)道(dao)理,不(bu)是世人所說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)空(kong),那(nei)是斷滅空(kong),他(ta)們誤解(jie)佛(fo)法(fa)是消極自了(le)的(de)。今把此經判分七段,用(yong)白話來(lai)逐(zhu)字(zi)逐(zhu)句解(jie)釋,使世人明白空(kong)的(de)真義,不(bu)至誤會(hui)造業。由此斷一切苦厄,并可(ke)發大(da)悲(bei)平等(deng)心(xin)(xin)救世,證明佛(fo)法(fa)在社會(hui)上的(de)大(da)用(yong),實是開發世界大(da)同唯一的(de)法(fa)寶。
【般(ban)若】這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)梵文(wen),我國名(ming)為(wei)大(da)智(zhi)慧。因為(wei)中國文(wen)字難(nan)盡其(qi)(qi)義,所以仍用(yong)原文(wen),并且(qie)尊重這(zhe)幾個(ge)字,所以不(bu)(bu)(bu)譯(yi)。這(zhe)個(ge)般(ban)若,全是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說心的(de)(de)(de)妙用(yong)。上(shang)自佛(fo)(fo)(fo),下至眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)由此而(er)成(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)道(dao),了生(sheng)(sheng)死,度苦厄。論其(qi)(qi)性體,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)滅的(de)(de)(de)金剛(gang);論其(qi)(qi)相(xiang)貌,卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)形無(wu)(wu)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)相(xiang);論其(qi)(qi)妙用(yong),乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可測(ce)知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)通神(shen)妙。這(zhe)個(ge)般(ban)若,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人人有(you)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de),佛(fo)(fo)(fo)和(he)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平等(deng)的(de)(de)(de);不(bu)(bu)(bu)過佛(fo)(fo)(fo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開了般(ban)若慧,眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)開,被(bei)無(wu)(wu)明所蒙住了。至于般(ban)若兩(liang)個(ge)字,解釋卻有(you)許多字,當云(yun)“通達世(shi)(shi)(shi)間法(fa)(fa)出世(shi)(shi)(shi)間法(fa)(fa),融(rong)通無(wu)(wu)礙,恰到好處,而(er)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)執(zhi)取諸法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)智(zhi)慧。”才(cai)能(neng)盡其(qi)(qi)義。因為(wei)世(shi)(shi)(shi)間法(fa)(fa)人事等(deng)等(deng),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa)(fa)。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)覺(jue)義,能(neng)覺(jue)悟世(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)一切人情世(shi)(shi)(shi)故。盡了人道(dao),才(cai)可成(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)。總之,入世(shi)(shi)(shi)出世(shi)(shi)(shi),只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一心,顛倒煩(fan)惱(nao),貪(tan)嗔癡迷,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六道(dao)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)心;如(ru)能(neng)空凈自在,不(bu)(bu)(bu)固(gu)執(zhi),便(bian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)菩薩的(de)(de)(de)心。所以離(li)世(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa),便(bian)沒有(you)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa)(fa);離(li)了般(ban)若,只(zhi)有(you)作孽(nie)受苦厄的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)了。
【波羅】此言彼岸(an);因為有(you)個度字,所以(yi)假(jia)定一條生(sheng)(sheng)死河,眾生(sheng)(sheng)在苦(ku)惱(nao)的此岸(an),要度過到(dao)清凈的彼岸(an),用來比喻,不(bu)是真有(you)此岸(an)彼岸(an)。
【蜜】是到(dao)的意思,是到(dao)了(le)果位(wei)(wei)了(le)。果位(wei)(wei)是究竟(jing)涅盤,涅盤就是清凈。
【多(duo)】是(shi)上(shang)面的(de)意思。到彼岸(an)之(zhi)上(shang),才是(shi)究竟。現在(zai)假分五(wu)步(bu)(bu):第(di)一步(bu)(bu)在(zai)此(ci)岸(an);第(di)二(er)步(bu)(bu)入流,是(shi)下了渡船(chuan)(chuan)了,是(shi)初發心(xin)的(de)人,亦是(shi)初果(guo)羅漢;第(di)三步(bu)(bu)是(shi)中流,船(chuan)(chuan)在(zai)河中間,如(ru)聲(sheng)聞緣覺;第(di)四步(bu)(bu)到了彼岸(an),是(shi)十地以下的(de)菩薩(sa),終不是(shi)究竟;必第(di)五(wu)步(bu)(bu)上(shang)岸(an),“多(duo)”舍去(qu)了船(chuan)(chuan),即是(shi)舍去(qu)了法見,掃除了執心(xin),斯是(shi)了無掛礙的(de)等覺菩薩(sa)和佛。
【心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)】心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)?是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個影子,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)說(shuo)有,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)說(shuo)無(wu):所以(yi)無(wu)形段,不(bu)(bu)(bu)過是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)根(眼(yan)、耳、鼻、舌、身、意)和六(liu)塵(色、聲、香、味、觸、法(fa)(fa)(fa))相對起(qi)了(le)(le)(le)認識(shi),叫做六(liu)識(shi)(眼(yan)識(shi)、耳識(shi)、鼻識(shi)、舌識(shi)、身識(shi)、意識(shi)),所以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集(ji)起(qi)的(de)(de)。就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)同外境集(ji)合(he)而(er)(er)緣起(qi)的(de)(de)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)影,即名(ming)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)中起(qi)的(de)(de)道理,叫做幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)法(fa)(fa)(fa);執住(zhu)個幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)我成(cheng)個幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)見(jian),于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)熟了(le)(le)(le),就(jiu)有六(liu)道生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)。但(dan)(dan)造(zao)成(cheng)這個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),要(yao)開般若智慧了(le)(le)(le)脫生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de),還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)用(yong)這幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);成(cheng)到佛(涅(nie)(nie)盤),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)這幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),你既然(ran)知(zhi)道是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de),那么(me)就(jiu)有幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)造(zao)成(cheng)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)法(fa)(fa)(fa),一切人(ren)事等(deng)等(deng),六(liu)道生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)涅(nie)(nie)盤,還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一樣是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)?由(you)此(ci)(ci)可(ke)(ke)覺本(ben)來沒有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)(si),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冤枉造(zao)作。既無(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)(si),就(jiu)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)著(zhu)涅(nie)(nie)盤了(le)(le)(le),所以(yi)說(shuo)諸法(fa)(fa)(fa)空相,涅(nie)(nie)盤生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)等(deng)空華,即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)意。但(dan)(dan)又(you)為什么(me)分(fen)(fen)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)妄(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)呢?這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得已而(er)(er)替(ti)初學的(de)(de)人(ren)說(shuo),其實心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),根本(ben)不(bu)(bu)(bu)有,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得,又(you)分(fen)(fen)什么(me)真和妄(wang)呢?不(bu)(bu)(bu)過幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)除,人(ren)事上一切的(de)(de)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)廢,所以(yi)權分(fen)(fen)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)妄(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),何以(yi)叫無(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)呢?即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)念時,而(er)(er)見(jian)聞覺知(zhi)仍舊(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)了(le)(le)(le),卻無(wu)分(fen)(fen)別,寂(ji)然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)動的(de)(de),此(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);如一起(qi)了(le)(le)(le)念,分(fen)(fen)別人(ren)事,而(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)顛(dian)倒,亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)逐(zhu)境流浪,頓然(ran)歸到無(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)本(ben)位,此(ci)(ci)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。至于念念流浪,不(bu)(bu)(bu)覺漸(jian)漸(jian)入(ru)了(le)(le)(le)迷(mi)途,此(ci)(ci)名(ming)妄(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),但(dan)(dan)本(ben)體勿失的(de)(de)。這部心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)經,就(jiu)教你凜覺的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)子,用(yong)智慧觀照(zhao)什么(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)?什么(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苦厄?又(you)如何回歸到清凈寂(ji)滅無(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)本(ben)位?所以(yi)名(ming)為般若波羅蜜多心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)經。
【經】有許多意思:如“路”,指示(shi)(shi)我(wo)們回(hui)復真心之路的(de);“法”,一切方法;“貫(guan)”,貫(guan)通前后的(de)義(yi)理(li);“契”,契合各(ge)人(ren)的(de)機,各(ge)事的(de)理(li),有這(zhe)幾種解(jie)釋。現在二百(bai)六十個(ge)字,是文字般若(ruo),指示(shi)(shi)我(wo)們觀照(zhao)般若(ruo)的(de)方法;照(zhao)此去做,實證實相般若(ruo)的(de)究(jiu)竟,總不(bu)出(chu)眾生心行(xing)中事,所以經是完全指我(wo)們自身而說的(de)。
此經(jing)共有七(qi)個(ge)翻譯,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)唐朝三藏(zang)大(da)師玄奘所譯,文是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de),義是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深奧的(de)(de)(de)(de)。雖有七(qi)譯,意(yi)義是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)。讀(du)經(jing)當重意(yi)義,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可徒在文字(zi)(zi)(zi)上死執。此經(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)替大(da)乘(cheng)菩薩(sa)(sa)登佛位說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de),表至高無(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛境(jing),意(yi)境(jing)只有自(zi)(zi)己曉得,說(shuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de),所以叫做無(wu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)真(zhen)經(jing)。并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)字(zi)(zi)(zi),愿(yuan)學人(ren)自(zi)(zi)己領會自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)界(jie),到了如(ru)何地位;至于佛的(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)界(jie),卻(que)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二乘(cheng)人(ren)或十地以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)菩薩(sa)(sa)可以測(ce)知的(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們(men)東(dong)土人(ren),大(da)乘(cheng)根(gen)器多(duo)而厚(hou),所以不(bu)(bu)(bu)論(lun)男的(de)(de)(de)(de)女的(de)(de)(de)(de),識(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)識(shi)字(zi)(zi)(zi),都喜歡(huan)讀(du)這個(ge)經(jing);譬如(ru)人(ren)聞香,個(ge)個(ge)人(ren)知道香味好(hao),但多(duo)半不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么香;而受薰是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平等的(de)(de)(de)(de),所以不(bu)(bu)(bu)可思議。以上釋(shi)題竟。
【觀】定下了(le)心(xin),運想(xiang)那個(ge)道(dao)理叫做觀。這個(ge)觀,是已(yi)證(zheng)到果地圓成的(de)妙觀,不(bu)是因地初修(xiu)作觀的(de)觀,是大自在觀,般(ban)若的(de)大機(ji)大用已(yi)經啟(qi)發,心(xin)無能(neng)觀,亦無所觀,是能(neng)所雙忘的(de)妙觀。
【自在(zai)(zai)(zai)】是(shi)(shi)無(wu)可(ke)無(wu)不(bu)可(ke)的自在(zai)(zai)(zai),不(bu)是(shi)(shi)自由。自由是(shi)(shi)不(bu)肯受(shou)拘束的,但環(huan)境不(bu)如你(ni)的意(yi)思(si),便苦了。獨有自在(zai)(zai)(zai),是(shi)(shi)到處(chu)能安,自然地不(bu)受(shou)環(huan)境所困(kun),一(yi)切好壞(huai)隨緣;樂亦不(bu)喜,苦亦不(bu)惱,知(zhi)道他是(shi)(shi)本來空,自己有主宰的。這個自在(zai)(zai)(zai),是(shi)(shi)指大(da)自在(zai)(zai)(zai)。
【菩薩(sa)】是(shi)菩提薩(sa)埵的(de)(de)簡稱,能自(zi)己覺悟,再能覺悟人的(de)(de)謂之菩薩(sa);所以是(shi)人天(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)導(dao)師,為三界(jie)的(de)(de)善知識。三界(jie)是(shi):(一(yi)(yi))欲界(jie),由人的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)下至五道(dao);(二)色(se)界(jie),指天(tian)(tian)道(dao);(三)無色(se)界(jie),指禪天(tian)(tian);總是(shi)在(zai)六道(dao)中。菩薩(sa)分(fen)在(zai)家,出家,地前,登(deng)地,十地等(deng)(deng)覺,最高是(shi)一(yi)(yi)生補處菩薩(sa),就是(shi)佛退位(wei)后(hou),他來接(jie)位(wei)的(de)(de),如(ru)此土的(de)(de)彌勒(le)佛,西方的(de)(de)觀(guan)世音大(da)士(shi)。這個菩薩(sa),是(shi)指十地等(deng)(deng)覺將登(deng)佛位(wei)的(de)(de)大(da)自(zi)在(zai)菩薩(sa)。
【行(xing)】心(xin)行(xing),心(xin)中起(qi)種(zhong)種(zhong)妙觀妙行(xing)的大用,作種(zhong)種(zhong)自利(li)利(li)他(ta)二事業。
【深(shen)】不是深(shen)淺的深(shen),是不可(ke)測量(liang)的意思,圓遍廣大,究竟無上的妙行。
【般若波羅(luo)蜜(mi)多(duo)】上(shang)面已經解釋過(guo)了,就說菩薩的功行,已到(dao)究竟地,登彼岸之上(shang)了。
【時(shi)】這(zhe)時(shi)字關系甚(shen)大(da),顯明到(dao)了這(zhe)個(ge)境界的時(shi)候(hou)(hou),正(zheng)是果位的時(shi)候(hou)(hou),已經斷(duan)除一切煩惱,度盡苦(ku)厄,沒有掛礙的了。在下兩句“照見五(wu)蘊皆空,度一切苦(ku)厄”之后的意境,點明大(da)自(zi)在的光景,不可草草。
【照見】朗然(ran)覺照,徹見無(wu)余的意(yi)思,是無(wu)功(gong)用的功(gong)用,毫不(bu)著(zhu)意(yi)的覺照,心神(shen)會通的了。
【五(wu)(wu)蘊(yun)(yun)】指色(se)(se)、受(shou)、想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、行(xing)、識(shi),這(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)(wu)事蘊(yun)(yun)結(jie)不分(fen),叫做五(wu)(wu)蘊(yun)(yun)。此言心和外境相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)蘊(yun)(yun)合,統(tong)名曰(yue)色(se)(se)。一個(ge)色(se)(se)字,包(bao)(bao)括五(wu)(wu)個(ge)字在(zai)(zai)內,并(bing)且包(bao)(bao)括外面一切(qie)一切(qie)有(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)形形色(se)(se)色(se)(se),內面無相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)思想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)方(fang)面都在(zai)(zai)內。外境原是(shi)色(se)(se),而我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)眼(yan)、耳、鼻、舌、身、意(yi)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)色(se)(se);外色(se)(se)和內色(se)(se)接(jie)觸了,就(jiu)有(you)個(ge)受(shou);既受(shou)了,就(jiu)要去想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)象他,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)了,心中一行(xing)轉念,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)行(xing);轉出(chu)那知識(shi)來,就(jiu)是(shi)識(shi);所以受(shou)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)行(xing)識(shi)四個(ge)也(ye)(ye)還是(shi)色(se)(se),總是(shi)幻心幻起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用,成就(jiu)種(zhong)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)幻法。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)五(wu)(wu)蘊(yun)(yun),是(shi)眾(zhong)生(sheng)造孽(nie)受(shou)苦成立(li)六道生(sheng)死的(de)(de)(de)資本,但也(ye)(ye)是(shi)開般若,除習(xi)氣,度苦厄,了生(sheng)死的(de)(de)(de)工
具(ju),也就是(shi)佛菩薩成大覺度眾(zhong)生的工具(ju)。同要(yao)用五蘊,只是(shi)佛菩薩能照見本(ben)空,可以(yi)善用,不被所(suo)轉,眾(zhong)生反被所(suo)縛;是(shi)在覺不覺,明空不明空之別(bie),不要(yao)指定為(wei)不好的東西,反生了(le)偏見。
【皆(jie)】統統包盡(jin)無余,就(jiu)是一切的意思。不(bu)但人空,法亦(yi)空,連照(zhao)見亦(yi)空,因為照(zhao)見亦(yi)是五蘊,所以稱皆(jie)。
【空(kong)(kong)(kong)】世(shi)上的人,往往不(bu)明白空(kong)(kong)(kong)的道理,籠統說(shuo)(shuo):空(kong)(kong)(kong)就(jiu)是(shi)沒有(you)了(le)(le)(le)。不(bu)知“空(kong)(kong)(kong)”有(you)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間、虛空(kong)(kong)(kong)、空(kong)(kong)(kong)相(xiang)、空(kong)(kong)(kong)義種(zhong)種(zhong)的分(fen)別。今(jin)分(fen)為兩種(zhong):一空(kong)(kong)(kong)相(xiang),是(shi)有(you)相(xiang)的,如空(kong)(kong)(kong)屋,人滿了(le)(le)(le),空(kong)(kong)(kong)相(xiang)破(po)了(le)(le)(le),所以“有(you)”與“空(kong)(kong)(kong)”是(shi)相(xiang)對的,這就(jiu)是(shi)世(shi)人說(shuo)(shuo)的沒有(you)就(jiu)是(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)了(le)(le)(le)。經上另有(you)十八空(kong)(kong)(kong)義,不(bu)必盡說(shuo)(shuo)。
至于佛經上所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)義,是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)來空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)與一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)萬(wan)有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)和(he)(he)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)而(er)(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。要明白這個(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義,先得(de)明白幾(ji)點:所(suo)謂宇宙間一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)形(xing)形(xing)色(se)(se)色(se)(se),山河大地(di),日月星(xing)辰,下至一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)用物、植物、動物和(he)(he)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)體,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang);還有(you)(you)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想、道理、人(ren)事(shi)、人(ren)情、喜怒哀樂,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang);一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)包括在內,總名(ming)曰色(se)(se),在因(yin)地(di)上總是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)為(wei)以(yi)上一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)色(se)(se),尋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)獨立自(zi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。第一(yi)(yi)(yi)說有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de):拿布(bu)來比,布(bu)沒(mei)有(you)(you)獨立自(zi)性(xing),變成為(wei)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),須依于紗(sha)(sha)線而(er)(er)成;紗(sha)(sha)線不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)為(wei)紗(sha)(sha)線,必待(dai)棉花;棉花不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)有(you)(you),必由種(zhong)子;種(zhong)子不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)種(zhong),必賴人(ren)工天時地(di)肥等(deng)等(deng)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必分析(xi)開來才空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),在未成布(bu)成紗(sha)(sha)前,及正有(you)(you)布(bu)有(you)(you)紗(sha)(sha)時,他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)身(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由眾(zhong)緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)合而(er)(er)成;因(yin)為(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng),所(suo)以(yi)無(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)實(shi)體,求其(qi)究(jiu)竟(jing)相(xiang)(xiang),畢竟(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de),身(shen)體亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)此。所(suo)以(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie),無(wu)(wu)自(zi)性(xing),無(wu)(wu)實(shi)體,因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。第二說無(wu)(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de):拿心(xin)(xin)來說,心(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么?根本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you),但(dan)(dan)只集起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)。譬如(ru)夏天涼爽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)席(xi)上,人(ren)睡得(de)甜美之(zhi)極(ji),這時候便沒(mei)有(you)(you)我(wo),沒(mei)有(you)(you)心(xin)(xin);忽(hu)然(ran)蚊蟲(chong)咬了一(yi)(yi)(yi)口(kou)覺得(de)了,這覺得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)蚊蟲(chong)和(he)(he)我(wo)集合而(er)(er)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)。此外(wai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)都(dou)同此理,所(suo)以(yi)心(xin)(xin)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)自(zi)性(xing),因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)(wu)實(shi)體,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。因(yin)此物和(he)(he)心(xin)(xin),無(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。但(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)而(er)(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),和(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)分不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)物之(zhi)外(wai)另有(you)(you)個(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這個(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),那個(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)以(yi)說到(dao)(dao)色(se)(se),即不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)離開空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong);說到(dao)(dao)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)離開一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)色(se)(se)。但(dan)(dan)要認(ren)明卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)幻(huan)有(you)(you),又須切(qie)(qie)(qie)實(shi)知道這個(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)地(di)本(ben)來空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),非眼耳可(ke)以(yi)見(jian)聞,其(qi)義實(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。
既(ji)決定知道一(yi)切一(yi)切是(shi)(shi)本(ben)空而幻有,那(nei)又(you)何必執(zhi)取(qu)(qu)當他(ta)是(shi)(shi)實呢(ni)!但世(shi)上(shang)一(yi)切人(ren)事,如何可廢,我(wo)仍隨緣應付(fu);不(bu)是(shi)(shi)麻(ma)木無(wu)心(xin)(xin),只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)勿住,行云(yun)流水的到處自(zi)在,這(zhe)(zhe)才是(shi)(shi)真(zhen)心(xin)(xin)空。佛說空是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)個道理,世(shi)上(shang)盲目妄加批評(ping),豈不(bu)可惜!世(shi)人(ren)果能(neng)明空,自(zi)然心(xin)(xin)勿執(zhi)取(qu)(qu),那(nei)貪(tan)得(de)心(xin)(xin),嗔恨心(xin)(xin),癡(chi)迷(mi)心(xin)(xin),自(zi)不(bu)會深入(ru),天下沒有極端的爭奪(duo)了(le)。佛法(fa)豈不(bu)是(shi)(shi)社會上(shang)最大的利(li)益,有什(shen)么迷(mi)信可說呢(ni)!又(you)修行人(ren)往往有口頭禪(chan),說:“莫(mo)著(zhu)了(le)空!”這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)怕他(ta)執(zhi)著(zhu)空見,正因為他(ta)根本(ben)不(bu)曾明空,總在空有二見上(shang)作道理,格(ge)外攪(jiao)擾(rao)不(bu)清了(le)。所以明空則(ze)破色,破色則(ze)心(xin)(xin)空,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)斷苦厄的第一(yi)法(fa)門!
【度】超脫的意思,就是(shi)登(deng)彼岸之上(shang),法見都凈(jing)了也。
【一(yi)切】包羅所有,凈(jing)盡無余(yu),凡有相無相,人我法我種(zhong)種(zhong)苦厄,盡包在內。
【苦(ku)(ku)(ku)厄(e)】身上(shang)的(de)痛苦(ku)(ku)(ku),心上(shang)的(de)不安,有(you)相無(wu)(wu)相,粗細(xi)(xi)微細(xi)(xi),都(dou)是苦(ku)(ku)(ku)厄(e)。其(qi)實全由(you)心起,我果(guo)無(wu)(wu)心,苦(ku)(ku)(ku)在何處?心果(guo)無(wu)(wu)見,厄(e)在何處?不是不知(zhi),不是不受(shou);因為有(you)智慧(hui)知(zhi)道本來空,能夠知(zhi)而有(you)若無(wu)(wu)知(zhi),受(shou)而等于不受(shou);譬如兩個人同時(shi)受(shou)苦(ku)(ku)(ku),一個擋不住,甚至苦(ku)(ku)(ku)上(shang)加(jia)苦(ku)(ku)(ku),因苦(ku)(ku)(ku)成病;一個卻無(wu)(wu)所謂,心不著意,便無(wu)(wu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)厄(e)了。
以上四句(ju)判(pan)為總(zong)持分,是(shi)第一(yi)段,總(zong)三藏十二部經(jing)一(yi)切(qie)法,持無量義(yi),亦是(shi)此經(jing)綱領(ling)。通了這四句(ju),就明白心(xin)經(jing)宗旨了。照此做去(qu),自(zi)然(ran)度苦厄,了生死(si),出三界,成(cheng)佛道(dao),綽乎有余的了。凡不明心(xin)要(yao)的人,總(zong)在文字上會,不肯從自(zi)心(xin)上會;弄得(de)沒有辦法時,只好今日求佛,明日求法;下此者,求福報(bao),求神通,死(si)要(yao)一(yi)個有相的憑據(ju),離佛道(dao)更遠了。深(shen)入迷途,豈不可痛!
【舍利子】佛(fo)弟子的名字,即是舍利弗;在(zai)聲聞乘中,他是智慧(hui)第(di)一。
【色(se)(se)(se)(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異色(se)(se)(se)(se),色(se)(se)(se)(se)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se),受想行識,亦復如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)】首四(si)句實是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)意思(si),總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)(se)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)二的(de)道理。初說(shuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異,說(shuo)沒(mei)有(you)(you)兩樣(yang)的(de),還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方便的(de)說(shuo);后說(shuo)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能分的(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)究(jiu)竟(jing)說(shuo);斬金截(jie)鐵(tie),毫無(wu)(wu)猶豫。色(se)(se)(se)(se)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)字,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)單是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代表五(wu)(wu)蘊,連外面(mian)宇(yu)宙(zhou)萬(wan)有(you)(you)形形色(se)(se)(se)(se)色(se)(se)(se)(se)都包在(zai)內。因(yin)為(wei)宇(yu)宙(zhou)萬(wan)有(you)(you),就沒(mei)有(you)(you)離了(le)我(wo)的(de)性(xing)(xing)海,渾同一(yi)(yi)體(ti),盡是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se);而(er)我(wo)的(de)受、想、行、識,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。這(zhe)內外兩種色(se)(se)(se)(se),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣生,無(wu)(wu)自性(xing)(xing),無(wu)(wu)實體(ti),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得,根本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。現下(xia)雖是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻有(you)(you),畢(bi)竟(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得的(de),所以(yi)(yi)即(ji)(ji)色(se)(se)(se)(se)即(ji)(ji)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)之(zhi)外另有(you)(you)個(ge)(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。參透上面(mian)所說(shuo)的(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)義,就知道這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)意義了(le)。所以(yi)(yi)心的(de)形形種種,亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)蘊流轉(zhuan);而(er)色(se)(se)(se)(se)的(de)形形種種,全(quan)似空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)華的(de)亂(luan)起亂(luan)滅,如(ru)電影的(de)一(yi)(yi)幕(mu)一(yi)(yi)幕(mu),總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得。你莫(mo)把這(zhe)四(si)句看作玄妙,實是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極普通極尋常的(de)道理。你只(zhi)認明“一(yi)(yi)切是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣生,無(wu)(wu)自性(xing)(xing),無(wu)(wu)實體(ti),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得,所以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)”。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但色(se)(se)(se)(se)如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),受、想、行、識四(si)蘊也如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但五(wu)(wu)蘊如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),宇(yu)宙(zhou)萬(wan)有(you)(you)的(de)有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),和下(xia)面(mian)一(yi)(yi)切法,如(ru)十(shi)八界,十(shi)二因(yin)緣,四(si)諦法,六度萬(wan)行的(de)智得等,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),一(yi)(yi)切皆復如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)性(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凡夫執有(you)(you),所以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong);二乘又執空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),所以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異色(se)(se)(se)(se);還(huan)有(you)(you)菩薩未曾會通不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)二的(de),所以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)(se)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se),總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)破他們的(de)法見(jian)。倘(tang)明白法見(jian)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),就了(le)無(wu)(wu)掛礙的(de)了(le)。
以上(shang)七句判為(wei)色空分,為(wei)第二(er)段(duan),用以會通(tong)色空不二(er)的道理。
【舍利子】此(ci)時要點(dian)到(dao)本(ben)來上,在緊要關頭了,故又呼(hu)其名(ming)而告之,是(shi)鄭重的(de)意(yi)思。
【是(shi)(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)法(fa)(fa)空(kong)相】法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么?是(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)影,是(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)中緣(yuan)(yuan)起的(de)種種道(dao)理(li)。如果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)(you)對象,也(ye)就沒(mei)有(you)(you)心(xin)(xin)(xin)沒(mei)有(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)了(le),所以是(shi)(shi)(shi)因緣(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)、生(sheng)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng),無自性,無實(shi)物(wu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可得,本(ben)來是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)造作出來的(de)空(kong)。古人說:心(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)法(fa)(fa)生(sheng),心(xin)(xin)(xin)滅(mie)法(fa)(fa)滅(mie),心(xin)(xin)(xin)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan),法(fa)(fa)豈是(shi)(shi)(shi)真!諸(zhu)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說一(yi)切法(fa)(fa),就是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)切心(xin)(xin)(xin)。世上的(de)人,總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以心(xin)(xin)(xin)緣(yuan)(yuan)心(xin)(xin)(xin),以法(fa)(fa)緣(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)(fa),不(bu)(bu)(bu)知本(ben)空(kong),遂當他實(shi)有(you)(you),彼(bi)此固執住了(le),爭執就此多了(le)。這(zhe)個相字(zi),應(ying)作義字(zi)解,下面正點到(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)的(de)原(yuan)理(li)。
【不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)(mie)】佛經上(shang)最不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容易了(le)解的(de)(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)句(ju),須知宇宙(zhou)間一(yi)切一(yi)切連我的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想五蘊等等,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)(mie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因為一(yi)切是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):(一(yi))不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),如上(shang)面說(shuo)布(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能自(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為布(bu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無自(zi)性的(de)(de)(de)(de),須賴眾緣(yuan)和合而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(二)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)靠他(ta)緣(yuan),還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能離(li)我這(zhe)(zhe)個布(bu),所以(yi)(yi)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。那么(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(三)共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)!也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),因為兩面也(ye)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),兩無實體,只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個偶合,所以(yi)(yi)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(四)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)無因生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),現(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)假(jia)相(xiang),似乎(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),但(dan)(dan)必由因成果(guo);沒有(you)(you)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)成布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因,就沒有(you)(you)成布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)。以(yi)(yi)此類推(tui),一(yi)切一(yi)切是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),現(xian)在雖有(you)(you)相(xiang),終是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),即不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)(mie);但(dan)(dan)現(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)假(jia)相(xiang),卻有(you)(you)個假(jia)滅(mie)(mie),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)滅(mie)(mie),如布(bu)燒(shao)成灰,布(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能自(zi)燒(shao);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他(ta)滅(mie)(mie),雖有(you)(you)火燒(shao),終不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能離(li)了(le)布(bu);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)共(gong)(gong)滅(mie)(mie),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)無因滅(mie)(mie),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個理,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)推(tui)想得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
【不(bu)(bu)垢(gou)不(bu)(bu)凈(jing),不(bu)(bu)增(zeng)不(bu)(bu)減】因為不(bu)(bu)生不(bu)(bu)滅,所以垢(gou)凈(jing)、增(zeng)減、長短、是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)、好壞、來(lai)去,一(yi)(yi)(yi)對一(yi)(yi)(yi)對的都是(shi)(shi)(shi)因分別(bie)而緣生,統統是(shi)(shi)(shi)幻有(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)可得,所有(you)(you)(you)(you)的相(xiang)(xiang),本來(lai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)空相(xiang)(xiang);因世事無(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)由(you)相(xiang)(xiang)對而成(cheng),苦惱也由(you)相(xiang)(xiang)對而立(li)。倘(tang)知(zhi)根本是(shi)(shi)(shi)因緣生,無(wu)自性,無(wu)實體(ti),不(bu)(bu)可得,根本是(shi)(shi)(shi)生而不(bu)(bu)生,不(bu)(bu)過暫時有(you)(you)(you)(you)這個虛妄(wang)相(xiang)(xiang),那又何必執(zhi)為實體(ti)呢?既不(bu)(bu)執(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)廢有(you)(you)(you)(you);即一(yi)(yi)(yi)切法,離一(yi)(yi)(yi)切法;既此(ci)(ci)(ci)用,離此(ci)(ci)(ci)用;心(xin)如長空萬里,包羅一(yi)(yi)(yi)切,自在無(wu)住,此(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)諸法空相(xiang)(xiang)的本來(lai)面(mian)(mian)目,亦(yi)即無(wu)心(xin)可心(xin)的本來(lai)面(mian)(mian)目。但(dan)眾生久已不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)的了(le),有(you)(you)(you)(you)全不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)道眾生,半知(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)二乘,知(zhi)而未徹者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)菩薩,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)掛礙。所謂有(you)(you)(you)(you)五部(bu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)岸(an),有(you)(you)(you)(you)入流,有(you)(you)(you)(you)中流,有(you)(you)(you)(you)彼岸(an)而未登岸(an)上
種(zhong)種(zhong)。以上五句,判(pan)為本來分,為第三段,修行人最要緊是這一點,切勿(wu)忽(hu)過。
【是(shi)故】此是(shi)決(jue)定的(de)口氣(qi)。
【空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)無色(se),無受(shou)想行(xing)識(shi),無眼耳鼻(bi)舌身(shen)意(yi)(yi),無色(se)聲香味觸(chu)法(fa)(fa)(fa),無眼界(jie)(jie),乃(nai)至無意(yi)(yi)識(shi)界(jie)(jie)】既(ji)明白了空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)理,那么空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)之中(zhong)(zhong)還有(you)什么實(shi)體可(ke)得(de)呢?這(zhe)(zhe)“無”字有(you)兩(liang)個解釋:一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無有(you),是(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)本不有(you)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)毋的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)現在(zai)雖(sui)有(you)幻相,但畢竟是(shi)(shi)(shi)無,毋庸執(zhi)取以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)實(shi)有(you)而(er)生(sheng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)見,添(tian)許(xu)多煩惱。所以(yi)五蘊(色(se)、受(shou)、想、行(xing)、識(shi))、六(liu)根(gen)(眼、耳、鼻(bi)、舌、身(shen)、意(yi)(yi))、六(liu)塵(chen)(色(se)、聲、香、味、觸(chu)、法(fa)(fa)(fa))這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)十(shi)二入(ru),再加(jia)上六(liu)識(shi)(眼識(shi)、耳識(shi)、鼻(bi)識(shi)、舌識(shi)、身(shen)識(shi)、意(yi)(yi)識(shi))共為(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)八界(jie)(jie),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)不可(ke)得(de);因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)緣生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de),無自(zi)性的(de)(de)(de),無實(shi)體的(de)(de)(de),不可(ke)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)。然(ran)而(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)既(ji)有(you)此幻身(shen),自(zi)有(you)幻心作用,不能斷滅;佛(fo)菩薩也要用以(yi)度眾生(sheng),救世間無量苦,我人(ren)(ren)(ren)正(zheng)要用此以(yi)開般若,了生(sheng)死,出(chu)三(san)界(jie)(jie),不過圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)明白本來空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),所以(yi)無法(fa)(fa)(fa)執(zhi);眾生(sheng)迷了,遂生(sheng)顛倒,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)眾生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)掛(gua)礙。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)地獄眾生(sheng),掛(gua)礙在(zai)具足多分貪(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)嗔(chen)癡(chi)(chi),鬼道(dao)掛(gua)礙于(yu)(yu)多分的(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan),畜道(dao)掛(gua)礙于(yu)(yu)多分的(de)(de)(de)癡(chi)(chi),魔(mo)道(dao)掛(gua)礙于(yu)(yu)多分的(de)(de)(de)嗔(chen),人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)掛(gua)礙于(yu)(yu)半(ban)分的(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)嗔(chen)癡(chi)(chi),天道(dao)掛(gua)礙于(yu)(yu)少(shao)分的(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)。這(zhe)(zhe)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、嗔(chen)、癡(chi)(chi)三(san)毒,都由(you)六(liu)根(gen)六(liu)塵(chen)六(liu)識(shi)而(er)起,只一(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)字可(ke)以(yi)化(hua)除(chu)一(yi)切煩惱掛(gua)礙。化(hua)除(chu)了,當下(xia)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)菩提;所以(yi)煩惱菩提,同(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)個東西。
【無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming),亦(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)盡(jin),乃(nai)至(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)死(si)(si),亦(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)死(si)(si)盡(jin)】這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)(即辟(pi)支佛(fo),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曾聞到佛(fo)法而借因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)悟的(de)(de))執(zhi)取(qu)(qu)十二(er)(er)(er)(er)因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法而生(sheng)(sheng)掛礙,他不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)道諸法空相(xiang)(xiang)。既(ji)說是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),可(ke)見是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)實(shi),但(dan)(dan)伊不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)明(ming)(ming)空,被法見縛住了(le),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)自在。那十二(er)(er)(er)(er)因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)去(qu)的(de)(de)根本煩惱,只要碰(peng)到緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)動了(le)。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)下去(qu)的(de)(de)意思。二(er)(er)(er)(er)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)(xing)(xing):行(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)動,做種(zhong)種(zhong)或善或惡(e)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業。三、行(xing)(xing)(xing)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)識(shi):由于過(guo)去(qu)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業,而起(qi)現世受(shou)(shou)(shou)胎(tai)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)念,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)認識(shi)而成為果(guo)的(de)(de)。四(si)、識(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)名色:在胎(tai)中(zhong)已(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)形體而有(you)(you)名色。五(wu)、名色緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)六(liu)入:是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)根具足,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)和六(liu)塵相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)了(le)。六(liu)、六(liu)入緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)觸(chu):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出胎(tai)后(hou)(hou)對(dui)于一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)有(you)(you)所(suo)接(jie)觸(chu)了(le)。七、觸(chu)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)受(shou)(shou)(shou):接(jie)觸(chu)之后(hou)(hou),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)受(shou)(shou)(shou)苦受(shou)(shou)(shou)樂而生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)種(zhong)感(gan)覺(jue)。八、受(shou)(shou)(shou)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)愛:如成年以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)強盛(sheng)的(de)(de)愛欲(yu)。九、愛緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)取(qu)(qu):有(you)(you)了(le)愛欲(yu),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)想去(qu)取(qu)(qu)得(de),心(xin)去(qu)四(si)面馳求。十、取(qu)(qu)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you):取(qu)(qu)得(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)了(le),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)業成就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)果(guo)位(wei)(wei)。十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、有(you)(you)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng):這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成立了(le),生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已(yi)(yi),轉(zhuan)入未(wei)來。十二(er)(er)(er)(er)、生(sheng)(sheng)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)老(lao)(lao)死(si)(si):有(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)滅(mie)(mie),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夢(meng)幻泡(pao)影,終必變滅(mie)(mie),老(lao)(lao)死(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)的(de)(de)果(guo)。但(dan)(dan)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)未(wei)滅(mie)(mie),再來一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)轉(zhuan),生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)世世轉(zhuan)輾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已(yi)(yi),遂有(you)(you)六(liu)道輪回,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)作祟(sui)。乃(nai)至(zhi)(zhi)兩個字,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)跳至(zhi)(zhi)老(lao)(lao)死(si)(si),中(zhong)間略去(qu)十位(wei)(wei)。這十二(er)(er)(er)(er)因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),位(wei)(wei)位(wei)(wei)都依(yi)據無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)作主,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妄心(xin)幻法緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)起(qi),根本無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)。盡(jin)者,極(ji)也,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之極(ji)也,言無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亦(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)也,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕對(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)的(de)(de)意思。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)非有(you)(you)實(shi)體,如空中(zhong)華,夢(meng)中(zhong)事;夢(meng)中(zhong)非無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),及至(zhi)(zhi)夢(meng)醒,了(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)。可(ke)惜眾生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)斷無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming),緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而下,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)窮期,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)非是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)惑業苦。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)雖已(yi)(yi)悟到十二(er)(er)(er)(er)因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),原是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)假有(you)(you)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合相(xiang)(xiang);但(dan)(dan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)法不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)移,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)法見不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)凈而生(sheng)(sheng)掛礙。
【無(wu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)集(ji)(ji)滅(mie)(mie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)】這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)聲(sheng)聞(wen)執(zhi)取四(si)諦(di)法,而生(sheng)(sheng)掛礙。苦(ku)(ku)(ku)、集(ji)(ji)、滅(mie)(mie)、道(dao)(dao)(dao),是(shi)名四(si)諦(di),就是(shi)四(si)種重要的道(dao)(dao)(dao)理。苦(ku)(ku)(ku)是(shi)身(shen)(shen)心(xin)逼迫不安。眾生(sheng)(sheng)身(shen)(shen)有(you)(you)三苦(ku)(ku)(ku):老、病、死(si)。心(xin)有(you)(you)三苦(ku)(ku)(ku):貪(tan)、嗔、癡。后(hou)世有(you)(you)三苦(ku)(ku)(ku):地(di)獄、鬼、畜生(sheng)(sheng)。更有(you)(you)三災(zai)八難苦(ku)(ku)(ku)、壞苦(ku)(ku)(ku)、行苦(ku)(ku)(ku)、苦(ku)(ku)(ku)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)、不知足(zu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)、不安命苦(ku)(ku)(ku)、心(xin)無(wu)寄托苦(ku)(ku)(ku),這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)諦(di)。卻是(shi)三界六道(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)果,無(wu)不由心(xin)和境集(ji)(ji)合而成,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)集(ji)(ji)諦(di)。滅(mie)(mie)是(shi)消滅(mie)(mie)的意思,斷一(yi)切苦(ku)(ku)(ku),歸到清凈寂(ji)滅(mie)(mie)。因(yin)為結業(ye)既滅(mie)(mie),則無(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)的患累,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)滅(mie)(mie)諦(di)。但要滅(mie)(mie)除那集(ji)(ji)合的諸苦(ku)(ku)(ku),必得有(you)(you)個道(dao)(dao)(dao)理,道(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)正道(dao)(dao)(dao);做到正道(dao)(dao)(dao),必要助道(dao)(dao)(dao),助其(qi)離一(yi)切苦(ku)(ku)(ku),到涅盤樂,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)諦(di)。聲(sheng)聞(wen)執(zhi)此法見以(yi)為究竟,所以(yi)分段(duan)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si),或(huo)者可了(le)(le),變易(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)卻不易(yi)了(le)(le)。倘明本來(lai)空,知此四(si)諦(di)法,不過一(yi)時的緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng);不但是(shi)果上色空,實是(shi)因(yin)上色空,不必執(zhi)取,便無(wu)掛礙了(le)(le)。
【無(wu)(wu)智(zhi)亦無(wu)(wu)得(de)】這是菩薩(sa)的掛礙(ai)。菩薩(sa)執取六(liu)度萬行諸法(fa)(fa),以為確(que)有(you)智(zhi)慧可(ke)得(de),有(you)眾生可(ke)度,有(you)佛(fo)(fo)可(ke)成,心中不(bu)(bu)(bu)免具此波羅蜜的行相,微細的法(fa)(fa)見(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)曾(ceng)凈,所以不(bu)(bu)(bu)到究竟涅盤地。從前阿(a)難(nan)問佛(fo)(fo)如何是煩惱(nao)(nao)地獄種性(xing)?佛(fo)(fo)說(shuo)行六(liu)波羅蜜行是煩惱(nao)(nao)地獄種;如我能(neng)(neng)布(bu)施,因(yin)見(jian)他人不(bu)(bu)(bu)肯布(bu)施而生厭惡,是煩惱(nao)(nao)地獄種;我能(neng)(neng)持戒等(deng)等(deng),因(yin)見(jian)別人不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)持戒等(deng)等(deng),心生厭恨(hen),是煩惱(nao)(nao)地獄種。這就是彌陀經上說(shuo)的見(jian)濁(zhuo),是名染(ran)法(fa)(fa),染(ran)糊涂了。況且有(you)智(zhi)無(wu)(wu)智(zhi),都是幻心作(zuo)用,分別為二。同是性(xing)空(kong)(kong),更有(you)何法(fa)(fa)可(ke)得(de)?世(shi)尊昔(xi)在燃燈佛(fo)(fo)所得(de)佛(fo)(fo)授記,成無(wu)(wu)上菩提(ti),世(shi)尊當時(shi)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)取以為勝,因(yin)為知道性(xing)空(kong)(kong)!實無(wu)(wu)少法(fa)(fa)可(ke)得(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)過名為菩提(ti)而已。所以菩薩(sa)必到法(fa)(fa)無(wu)(wu)我的時(shi)候,才(cai)是掛礙(ai)凈盡。
【以無(wu)所得(de)故】這是總結一句,極(ji)言(yan)上面(mian)五蘊、十八(ba)界(jie)、十二因緣、四(si)諦法、六度智得(de)一切本空,仔細(xi)推求,實無(wu)所得(de)。以上十三句判為法用分,為第四(si)段,說空了(le)(le)之后(hou),般若法用自然啟發,也不受法縛了(le)(le)。
【菩(pu)提薩埵(duo)】簡稱就(jiu)是菩(pu)薩,此指已(yi)登佛(fo)位的明心菩(pu)薩,又名開士、大士;又薩埵(duo)譯(yi)為精進勇猛,堪以荷(he)擔如(ru)來事業的人。
【依般(ban)若(ruo)波羅蜜多故(gu)】他(ta)因為依自(zi)性的(de)(de)(de)金剛般(ban)若(ruo),能(neng)夠超登彼岸的(de)(de)(de)緣故(gu),所以有下(xia)面實(shi)(shi)證的(de)(de)(de)受用。我們應該知道修行不是(shi)圖利(li)(li),更不能(neng)圖名(ming),名(ming)利(li)(li)是(shi)生(sheng)死(si)最毒的(de)(de)(de)藥;名(ming)利(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)不死(si),永(yong)無出頭的(de)(de)(de)日子。因此因地(di)要正,總要在(zai)(zai)自(zi)性上打算,老老實(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi),真參實(shi)(shi)究,決不要在(zai)(zai)神通奇特,出語玄妙上求,絲毫擋不住生(sheng)死(si)的(de)(de)(de)。菩薩尚(shang)不能(neng)離(li)開般(ban)若(ruo),何況我輩(bei),離(li)了般(ban)若(ruo)之外,更有何法?這是(shi)成(cheng)佛(fo)的(de)(de)(de)根本條件,肯向這條法上走的(de)(de)(de),才(cai)是(shi)有智慧的(de)(de)(de)人,此生(sheng)決可成(cheng)就。
【心(xin)(xin)無掛(gua)(gua)礙】這個心(xin)(xin),是(shi)毫無掛(gua)(gua)礙,人空法空,寂滅輕安的大自在(zai)心(xin)(xin),視世間(jian)出世間(jian)一(yi)(yi)切一(yi)(yi)切皆量等虛空,無有邊際(ji),包羅萬有,了無掛(gua)(gua)礙。心(xin)(xin)且不有,掛(gua)(gua)礙何(he)依?苦(ku)厄安在(zai)?
【無(wu)(wu)掛礙故,無(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)恐怖,遠(yuan)離顛(dian)倒夢(meng)想】心(xin)(xin)里既是凈空(kong)(kong)無(wu)(wu)見(jian),白(bai)天沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)想象,夜間自無(wu)(wu)亂夢(meng),正(zheng)如千(qian)眼千(qian)手,圓照十(shi)方(fang),豈(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)顛(dian)倒?凡人恐怖,先有(you)(you)(you)(you)一個得失心(xin)(xin),就是有(you)(you)(you)(you)我的果,正(zheng)是六道生(sheng)死的種性。如能心(xin)(xin)空(kong)(kong)法空(kong)(kong),登于佛(fo)位,兩(liang)個生(sheng)死已(yi)了(le)。菩薩再(zai)來世間,是大悲愿力,不是業力,自然沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)恐怖,顛(dian)倒夢(meng)想,都遠(yuan)離了(le),到了(le)生(sheng)滅(mie)滅(mie)已(yi),寂滅(mie)為樂的境界了(le)。
【究(jiu)竟涅(nie)盤(pan)】這涅(nie)盤(pan)是(shi)(shi)清(qing)凈的(de)意思。二乘人(ren)是(shi)(shi)有余(yu)涅(nie)盤(pan),不(bu)是(shi)(shi)究(jiu)竟;這究(jiu)竟涅(nie)盤(pan)是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)位,名為無余(yu)涅(nie)盤(pan),連涅(nie)盤(pan)亦不(bu)可得。所謂(wei)成(cheng)了佛(fo),也沒有成(cheng)佛(fo)的(de)法見。本來涅(nie)盤(pan)是(shi)(shi)對生死(si)說的(de),既(ji)本來沒有生死(si),亦安有涅(nie)盤(pan),不(bu)過(guo)同(tong)是(shi)(shi)個(ge)假名罷了。這是(shi)(shi)菩薩的(de)果(guo)德。
【三(san)(san)世諸佛(fo)】無論現在佛(fo),過去佛(fo),未(wei)來佛(fo),統包括三(san)(san)世一(yi)切(qie)諸佛(fo),不(bu)問已(yi)成(cheng)未(wei)成(cheng),都是(shi)一(yi)體(ti)平等。須知(zhi)釋迦彌陀是(shi)果上佛(fo),我(wo)和六道眾(zhong)生是(shi)因上佛(fo),性自平等,所以不(bu)可自棄,也不(bu)可輕人(ren)。
【依般若波(bo)羅蜜多(duo)(duo)故,得(de)(de)(de)阿(a)耨(nou)多(duo)(duo)羅三(san)藐三(san)菩提】三(san)世(shi)諸佛(fo),也無(wu)(wu)(wu)不由此(ci)法(fa)門而(er)得(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)上菩提。一(yi)切(qie)大(da)智(zhi)慧,無(wu)(wu)(wu)不由自(zi)(zi)性佛(fo)母所生(sheng),生(sheng)是(shi)啟發的(de)意思。這(zhe)個得(de)(de)(de),正是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)得(de)(de)(de)之得(de)(de)(de);必(bi)得(de)(de)(de)心(xin)中了(le)無(wu)(wu)(wu)所得(de)(de)(de),然后本來的(de)面目斯(si)得(de)(de)(de)。此(ci)時無(wu)(wu)(wu)人,無(wu)(wu)(wu)我,無(wu)(wu)(wu)眾生(sheng),無(wu)(wu)(wu)壽者,寂然不動,而(er)妙用恒沙(sha),由此(ci)啟發,這(zhe)是(shi)佛(fo)的(de)果德。阿(a)耨(nou)多(duo)(duo)羅是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)上,三(san)藐是(shi)正等(deng),三(san)菩提是(shi)正覺;就是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)上正等(deng)正覺,是(shi)言佛(fo)的(de)意境。你(ni)想(xiang)連(lian)佛(fo)也不能離此(ci)法(fa)門,眾生(sheng)豈可自(zi)(zi)外,另覓途徑,豈非顛(dian)倒(dao)!所以不自(zi)(zi)求(qiu)而(er)他求(qiu),都是(shi)因地不正,適以自(zi)(zi)誤!
以上十句判為果德分,為第五段(duan),是(shi)說(shuo)到果德地(di)位,一切掛礙才算凈盡,才是(shi)究竟涅(nie)盤(pan),都賴(lai)觀(guan)空成就(jiu),并(bing)無(wu)(wu)別(bie)法(fa)。又(you)以上可(ke)算是(shi)上半部心經(jing),專說(shuo)此法(fa)無(wu)(wu)實(shi)。下面再(zai)翻身過來說(shuo)個無(wu)(wu)虛(xu),金(jin)剛經(jing)說(shuo):“此法(fa)無(wu)(wu)實(shi)無(wu)(wu)虛(xu)。”要(yao)人(ren)不(bu)要(yao)執(zhi)實(shi),也不(bu)要(yao)執(zhi)虛(xu),正顯般若無(wu)(wu)住的妙用。若再(zai)深一層講,心既不(bu)有(you),法(fa)于何(he)依?既沒(mei)有(you)法(fa),更談不(bu)到無(wu)(wu)實(shi)無(wu)(wu)虛(xu)的了。所以說(shuo),涅(nie)盤(pan)生死(si)等空華。
【故知(zhi)般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)波羅蜜多】以下是(shi)(shi)轉入無虛(xu),點(dian)明一知(zhi)字(zi)的(de)妙用。這(zhe)知(zhi)字(zi)是(shi)(shi)靈照覺知(zhi),表明悟后的(de)意境,仿佛(fo)是(shi)(shi)轉而為有(you)(you);不(bu)知(zhi)這(zhe)知(zhi)字(zi)也是(shi)(shi)法(fa),也是(shi)(shi)性空(kong)(kong),一時的(de)緣生(sheng),暫時的(de)法(fa)用,即是(shi)(shi)知(zhi)而無知(zhi),生(sheng)而不(bu)生(sheng);所(suo)以不(bu)明無生(sheng)的(de)道(dao)理,就(jiu)不(bu)能證知(zhi)真空(kong)(kong)的(de)道(dao)理。前(qian)說一空(kong)(kong)字(zi),是(shi)(shi)般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)的(de)體(ti);此(ci)說一知(zhi)字(zi),是(shi)(shi)般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)的(de)用。所(suo)以表般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)的(de)至德(de),無可(ke)形容,無可(ke)言(yan)表;至此(ci)言(yan)語道(dao)斷,心行處滅;惟(wei)有(you)(you)神(shen)會,惟(wei)有(you)(you)贊嘆,正是(shi)(shi)冷暖自知(zhi)的(de)時候。
【是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)神(shen)咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)明(ming)咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等等咒(zhou),能(neng)除一(yi)切(qie)苦,真實(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)】這六(liu)句是(shi)(shi)(shi)贊嘆的辭句。咒(zhou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)密意,以決定如是(shi)(shi)(shi)曰咒(zhou),如軍(jun)令嚴速曰咒(zhou)。以無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)包謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之大(da);以無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之神(shen);以無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)照謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之明(ming);以無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可比對無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可再(zai)加謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上;以畢(bi)竟平等謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等等;空(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)偏空(kong),有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)著有,于(yu)寂滅無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)住的性體中,能(neng)啟發恒沙妙用(yong)。六(liu)祖云(yun):何期自性本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生滅,本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)動搖;何期自性能(neng)生萬(wan)法。前為無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)之體,此為無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)之用(yong);故能(neng)除一(yi)切(qie)苦,真實(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)。你(ni)想世上的人,沒(mei)一(yi)個人沒(mei)有掛礙的痛苦,哪一(yi)個人能(neng)離了佛法,佛法又何曾迷信呢!
以上七句判為(wei)證(zheng)知分(fen),分(fen)第六(liu)段,要(yao)親證(zheng)才知這(zhe)個境(jing)界,不(bu)是(shi)靠文字(zi)可(ke)以得(de)知的(de)。所(suo)以得(de)知的(de)必須要(yao)真參實究,從自(zi)性上用功(gong),經是(shi)不(bu)過(guo)借來考證(zheng)罷(ba)了(le)(le)。總之,心(xin)通(tong)才是(shi)最(zui)大神通(tong);但心(xin)不(bu)空(kong)就不(bu)能通(tong),不(bu)通(tong)就不(bu)能明,不(bu)明則一(yi)切(qie)(qie)智慧被無(wu)明所(suo)覆(fu),不(bu)能啟發(fa)。這(zhe)一(yi)分(fen)是(shi)說心(xin)到(dao)了(le)(le)真空(kong)的(de)境(jing)界,自(zi)然有(you)許多(duo)力量;不(bu)是(shi)有(you)苦(ku)再除,卻使一(yi)切(qie)(qie)苦(ku)厄(e)無(wu)所(suo)依附,根(gen)本無(wu)苦(ku)厄(e)的(de)了(le)(le)。
張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu),生卒年不詳(xiang),字伯高,一(yi)字季(ji)明,吳郡(江蘇蘇州)人(ren)。初仕為(wei)常(chang)熟尉,后(hou)(hou)官至金吾長史,人(ren)稱(cheng)“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)長史”。其(qi)(qi)母陸氏為(wei)初唐書家陸柬之(zhi)的(de)(de)侄女(nv),即虞世(shi)南(nan)的(de)(de)外孫(sun)女(nv)。陸氏世(shi)代以書傳業,有稱(cheng)于史。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)為(wei)人(ren)灑脫不羈,豁達大(da)度,卓爾不群,才華橫溢,學識淵博。與李白(bai)、賀(he)知章相友善,杜甫將(jiang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)三人(ren)列(lie)入“飲(yin)(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)八仙”。是(shi)一(yi)位(wei)極有個性的(de)(de)草書大(da)家,因他(ta)(ta)(ta)常(chang)喝得大(da)醉(zui),就(jiu)呼叫(jiao)狂走(zou),然(ran)(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)落筆成書,甚至以頭發蘸墨書寫(xie),故又有“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)顛”的(de)(de)雅稱(cheng)。后(hou)(hou)懷(huai)素繼承和發展了其(qi)(qi)筆法,也以草書得名,并(bing)稱(cheng)“顛張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)醉(zui)素”。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)性格(ge)豪放,嗜(shi)好飲(yin)(yin)酒(jiu),常(chang)在大(da)醉(zui)后(hou)(hou)手(shou)舞足蹈,然(ran)(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)回到(dao)(dao)桌(zhuo)前,提筆落墨,一(yi)揮而就(jiu)。有人(ren)說他(ta)(ta)(ta)粗魯,給他(ta)(ta)(ta)取了個張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)癲的(de)(de)雅號。其(qi)(qi)實(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)很(hen)細心,他(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)在日(ri)常(chang)生活中(zhong)(zhong)所觸到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)事物,都(dou)能(neng)啟發寫(xie)字。偶(ou)有所獲,即熔冶于自(zi)己的(de)(de)書法中(zhong)(zhong)。當(dang)時人(ren)們只要得到(dao)(dao)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)片紙支字,都(dou)視(shi)若珍品,世(shi)襲(xi)真(zhen)藏。那時候(hou),張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)有個鄰居,家境貧困,聽說張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)性情慷慨,就(jiu)寫(xie)信給張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu),希望得到(dao)(dao)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)資(zi)助。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)非常(chang)同情鄰人(ren),便在信中(zhong)(zhong)說道(dao):您只要說這信是(shi)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)寫(xie)的(de)(de),要價可上百金。鄰人(ren)將(jiang)信照(zhao)著他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)話上街售賣,果然(ran)(ran)(ran)不到(dao)(dao)半日(ri)就(jiu)被爭購一(yi)空。鄰人(ren)高興地回到(dao)(dao)家,并(bing)向張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)致萬分的(de)(de)感謝。
張(zhang)旭(xu)的(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa),始化于(yu)張(zhang)芝(zhi)(zhi)、二王一路,以草(cao)(cao)書(shu)成(cheng)就最高。史(shi)稱(cheng)“草(cao)(cao)圣”。他(ta)(ta)自己以繼承(cheng)“二王”傳(chuan)統為自豪,字字有法(fa),另一方面又效法(fa)張(zhang)芝(zhi)(zhi)草(cao)(cao)書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)藝(yi)(yi),創造出瀟灑(sa)磊(lei)落,變(bian)幻莫測的(de)(de)狂草(cao)(cao)來,其(qi)狀(zhuang)驚世(shi)駭俗。相傳(chuan)他(ta)(ta)見(jian)公主與擔夫爭道(dao),又聞鼓吹而得(de)筆(bi)法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi);在(zai)河南鄴縣時(shi)愛(ai)看(kan)公孫大娘舞西河劍器,并因此而得(de)草(cao)(cao)書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)神。顏(yan)(yan)真(zhen)卿曾(ceng)兩度辭官向他(ta)(ta)請教筆(bi)法(fa)。張(zhang)旭(xu)是一位純粹的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術家,他(ta)(ta)把(ba)滿(man)腔(qiang)情感傾注(zhu)在(zai)點(dian)畫之(zhi)(zhi)間,旁若無(wu)人,如(ru)(ru)醉(zui)(zui)如(ru)(ru)癡,如(ru)(ru)癲如(ru)(ru)狂。唐(tang)韓愈(yu)《送(song)高閑上(shang)人序》中贊之(zhi)(zhi):“喜怒、窘窮、憂悲、愉佚、怨恨、思慕(mu)、酣醉(zui)(zui)、無(wu)聊、不平,有動于(yu)心,必于(yu)草(cao)(cao)書(shu)焉發之(zhi)(zhi)。觀于(yu)物,見(jian)山水(shui)崖谷、鳥獸蟲魚、草(cao)(cao)木之(zhi)(zhi)花實(shi)、日月(yue)列星、風雨水(shui)火、雷霆(ting)霹靂(li)、歌舞戰斗、天地事物之(zhi)(zhi)變(bian),可(ke)喜可(ke)愕,一寓于(yu)書(shu),故旭(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)書(shu),變(bian)動猶鬼神,不可(ke)端(duan)倪,以此終其(qi)身而名后(hou)世(shi)。”這是一位真(zhen)正的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術家對藝(yi)(yi)術的(de)(de)執著的(de)(de)真(zhen)實(shi)寫(xie)照。難(nan)怪后(hou)人論及唐(tang)人書(shu)法(fa),對歐、虞、褚、顏(yan)(yan)、柳、素(su)等均有褒貶(bian),唯對張(zhang)旭(xu)無(wu)不贊嘆不已,這是藝(yi)(yi)術史(shi)上(shang)絕無(wu)僅有的(de)(de)。