芒果视频下载

基本介紹

北(bei)邙山(shan)(shan)，又名(ming)北(bei)芒、邙山(shan)(shan)、北(bei)山(shan)(shan)、平逢山(shan)(shan)、太平山(shan)(shan)、郟山(shan)(shan)。北(bei)邙山(shan)(shan)海拔300米(mi)左(zuo)右，東西橫(heng)亙(gen)數百里(li)，位(wei)于河南(nan)省(sheng)洛陽市北(bei)，黃河南(nan)岸，是秦嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)脈的余(yu)脈，崤山(shan)(shan)支脈。據(ju)《河南(nan)府志(zhi)》記載，自(zi)邙山(shan)(shan)之首白馬山(shan)(shan)，往西到神尾山(shan)(shan)，凡三十三峰。經澠池、新安、洛陽、孟(meng)津、偃師、鞏縣六縣，東西長三百八十余(yu)里(li)。

唐代(dai)詩人(ren)王建有(you)詩云：“北邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)頭少(shao)閑土，盡是洛陽(yang)人(ren)舊墓(mu)”。白居(ju)易(yi)則(ze)留下了“何事不(bu)隨東洛水，誰家又葬北邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)”的(de)詩句。北邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)上，現存有(you)秦相呂(lv)不(bu)韋墓(mu)、漢光(guang)武帝劉秀(xiu)的(de)原(yuan)陵(ling)、西晉(jin)司馬氏、南朝陳(chen)后(hou)主、南唐李后(hou)主陵(ling)墓(mu)，以及唐朝詩人(ren)杜甫、大書(shu)法家顏真卿等歷(li)代(dai)名(ming)人(ren)之墓(mu)。

景點景觀

北邙山帝陵

北(bei)(bei)邙山帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)分西段(duan)（北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）、中段(duan)（東(dong)(dong)周、東(dong)(dong)漢(han)、后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）、東(dong)(dong)段(duan)（西晉(jin)(jin)、曹魏(wei)(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）和夾(jia)河(he)段(duan)（東(dong)(dong)漢(han)、西晉(jin)(jin)墓(mu)群）四區段(duan)，目前已知(zhi)在(zai)此(ci)埋葬著6代共24座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王(wang)(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)。其中東(dong)(dong)周時期王(wang)(wang)墓(mu)8座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，東(dong)(dong)漢(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，曹魏(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，西晉(jin)(jin)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)4座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，五(wu)代后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。東(dong)(dong)漢(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)漢(han)光武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)原陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)安(an)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)恭陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)順帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)憲陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)沖帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)懷陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)靈(ling)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)文陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；曹魏(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)魏(wei)(wei)文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)首陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；西晉(jin)(jin)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)晉(jin)(jin)宣(xuan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)高原陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)景帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻平陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)崇(chong)陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)惠帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)孝(xiao)文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)長陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、宣(xuan)武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝(xiao)明(ming)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)定陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝(xiao)莊帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)靜陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)明(ming)宗(zong)徽(hui)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。另外后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)閔帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李從厚、末(mo)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李從珂陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、以及三(san)國時期蜀(shu)代末(mo)主(zhu)劉(liu)禪、南唐(tang)(tang)后(hou)主(zhu)李煜、后(hou)蜀(shu)末(mo)主(zhu)孟(meng)昶等陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)也均在(zai)邙山陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)區內。

洛陽古代藝術博物館

洛(luo)(luo)陽古(gu)代(dai)藝術(shu)博(bo)物館原名(ming)洛(luo)(luo)陽古(gu)墓(mu)博(bo)物館，占地面(mian)積(ji)130余畝，建(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)8200余平方米，由一組(zu)(zu)仿(fang)漢代(dai)建(jian)筑群和一組(zu)(zu)仿(fang)北魏建(jian)筑群組(zu)(zu)成，1987年(nian)建(jian)成開放。其面(mian)積(ji)之大、風格之別致、收集古(gu)墓(mu)年(nian)代(dai)之久、類型及數量之多(duo)均屬世界首位，是(shi)中國一大奇觀。因此(ci)，洛(luo)(luo)陽古(gu)墓(mu)博(bo)物館既是(shi)我國目(mu)前較大的(de)古(gu)墓(mu)博(bo)物館之一，也是(shi)世界上第(di)一座(zuo)古(gu)墓(mu)博(bo)物館。洛(luo)(luo)陽古(gu)代(dai)藝術(shu)博(bo)物館分為歷代(dai)典型墓(mu)葬、北魏帝王陵和古(gu)代(dai)壁畫館三大展區。

上清宮

上(shang)(shang)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)，道(dao)教(jiao)名觀，位于(yu)北邙(mang)山翠云(yun)峰上(shang)(shang)，始建(jian)于(yu)唐(tang)代，初稱老君(jun)廟。相傳(chuan)老子曾在(zai)北邙(mang)煉丹，山上(shang)(shang)建(jian)有上(shang)(shang)清(qing)觀以奉祀(si)老子。附近(jin)還有道(dao)教(jiao)寺(si)觀呂(lv)祖(zu)庵(an)、武則天避暑行宮(gong)(gong)、中清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)、下清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)等古建(jian)筑。唐(tang)宋時期，每逢重(zhong)陽(yang)佳(jia)節(jie)，上(shang)(shang)北邙(mang)游覽者絡繹不絕。唐(tang)朝(chao)詩人(ren)張籍詩云(yun)：“人(ren)居(ju)朝(chao)市未(wei)解愁(chou)，請君(jun)暫(zan)向北邙(mang)游。”“邙(mang)山晚眺”被譽為“洛(luo)陽(yang)八(ba)景”之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。每當(dang)夕陽(yang)西下，萬家燈(deng)火，如同天上(shang)(shang)繁星，登阜(fu)遠(yuan)望，伊洛(luo)二川之(zhi)(zhi)勝，盡收眼底(di)。

呂不韋墓

呂不韋(wei)墓，位于(yu)今河南省偃師市(shi)首陽山(shan)鎮。據(ju)《史(shi)記(ji)(ji)集解(jie)》記(ji)(ji)載(zai)：“呂不韋(wei)冢(zhong)在(zai)河南洛陽北邙道(dao)西大冢(zhong)是也(ye)。民傳言呂母冢(zhong)。不韋(wei)妻(qi)先葬(zang)，故其冢(zhong)名呂母也(ye)。”公元前235年，文信(xin)侯(hou)呂不韋(wei)死去，被其賓(bin)客(ke)偷(tou)偷(tou)安葬(zang)在(zai)洛陽北芒(mang)山(shan)。《史(shi)記(ji)(ji)·秦始皇本紀(ji)》載(zai)：“十二年，文信(xin)侯(hou)不韋(wei)死，竊(qie)葬(zang)。”唐代司馬貞《史(shi)記(ji)(ji)索(suo)隱》云：“不韋(wei)飲鴆死，其賓(bin)客(ke)數千人竊(qie)共(gong)葬(zang)于(yu)洛陽北芒(mang)山(shan)。”

杜甫陵園

杜(du)甫(fu)陵園(yuan)位于(yu)(yu)北邙山(shan)邙嶺上，陵園(yuan)占地(di)34畝，座(zuo)北向南，主體建筑有大(da)門樓、杜(du)甫(fu)大(da)型雕像(xiang)、雙(shuang)層亭(ting)、詩圣碑林、杜(du)甫(fu)墓、吟詩亭(ting)、望(wang)鄉亭(ting)、草(cao)亭(ting)、獻殿等。唐(tang)大(da)歷五年（770年）杜(du)甫(fu)病歿于(yu)(yu)行往岳(yue)陽的湘江(jiang)舟中(zhong)（一說死于(yu)(yu)耒陽），因家人(ren)無力安(an)葬，靈(ling)(ling)柩厝于(yu)(yu)岳(yue)州（今湖南岳(yue)陽）。元和(he)八年（813年），其孫杜(du)嗣業遵其父(fu)囑托，將杜(du)甫(fu)靈(ling)(ling)柩歸葬于(yu)(yu)先祖墓旁，即洛陽偃師城西(xi)首(shou)陽山(shan)。后(hou)又遷于(yu)(yu)鞏(gong)(gong)縣（鞏(gong)(gong)義市(shi)），杜(du)甫(fu)的兩個兒子宗文(wen)、宗武陪葬墓側(ce)，當地(di)群眾稱“圣人(ren)三冢”。

國家牡丹園

國(guo)家牡丹(dan)園(yuan)又名(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)洛陽國(guo)家牡丹(dan)基因庫(ku)，位于洛陽市邙山中(zhong)(zhong)溝(gou)西。占地(di)面積(ji)700畝，其中(zhong)(zhong)牡丹(dan)觀(guan)賞(shang)園(yuan)分南園(yuan)和北園(yuan)，面積(ji)500畝，育(yu)苗(miao)200畝，搜集國(guo)內牡丹(dan)園(yuan)藝品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)600余個，野生種(zhong)(zhong)6個，培育(yu)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)72個，數量(liang)(liang)50余萬(wan)株，引(yin)進國(guo)外園(yuan)藝品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)100余個，數量(liang)(liang)5萬(wan)株。年繁殖九大色(se)系(xi)，品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)齊全(quan)，花大色(se)艷的(de)優質(zhi)商品(pin)牡丹(dan)30萬(wan)株，已成為野生牡丹(dan)引(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)馴(xun)化(hua)，新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)培育(yu)和商品(pin)牡丹(dan)繁殖的(de)國(guo)內較大生產基地(di)。

地理環境

地質形成

北(bei)邙山位于東(dong)亞(ya)地(di)(di)貌階梯(ti)低邊界帶上，地(di)(di)處以(yi)(yi)風(feng)塵沉積(ji)為(wei)主的黃(huang)土區向以(yi)(yi)風(feng)塵沉積(ji)與(yu)流水沉積(ji)共同(tong)作用的平(ping)原區的過(guo)(guo)渡地(di)(di)帶，是黃(huang)土高原與(yu)華北(bei)平(ping)原過(guo)(guo)渡帶上最(zui)東(dong)南緣的黃(huang)土塬。

地貌特征

北邙山(shan)地勢起伏平(ping)緩，高(gao)(gao)敞而(er)空曠(kuang)，中間高(gao)(gao)而(er)四周(zhou)低，黃土(tu)土(tu)層深厚，黏結性好，堅固致密，滲(shen)水率低。

北邙山為東西走向，地形屬于低山黃土丘陵地帶，山上丘陵、崗地相間。其中西北的新安段地勢起伏較大，北坡陡峭，南坡較緩，嶺坡連綿，溝壑縱橫，地形切割嚴重。而孟津段、偃師段地勢起伏較為平緩。

植物資源

北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)是洛陽牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)原生地(di)(di)，陽春三月，北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)遍(bian)山(shan)野花競相開放，如(ru)龍柏(bo)連翹、牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)、杜(du)鵑等。北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)面對黃河，松柏(bo)碧草間多清(qing)泉流溪。北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)地(di)(di)勢(shi)高，陽光照射(she)充(chong)足，晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)，獨特的(de)(de)小氣候造就了極適宜牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)生長(chang)的(de)(de)自然(ran)條(tiao)件，所植牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)花朵大(da)、花色(se)艷、花期長(chang)，已形成了集科(ke)研(yan)、種植、觀賞、銷(xiao)售于(yu)一體的(de)(de)牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)產業。

動物資源

北(bei)邙山的野生動物主(zhu)要有草(cao)兔、蛇等體積較小(xiao)的獸類(lei)、爬行類(lei)、兩棲類(lei)等，鳥類(lei)較多(duo)常見(jian)的有麻雀、石雞、貓(mao)頭鷹、啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥等。昆蟲有蝴蝶、蜻蜓、蟬(chan)、蜂、蠶(can)、蜈蚣(gong)、蜘蛛(zhu)、蝎子、蝸牛、螢(ying)火蟲、金龜(gui)子等。