芒果视频下载

基本介紹

北(bei)邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，又名北(bei)芒(mang)、邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、平逢山(shan)(shan)(shan)、太平山(shan)(shan)(shan)、郟山(shan)(shan)(shan)。北(bei)邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)海拔(ba)300米左(zuo)右，東西(xi)(xi)(xi)橫亙(gen)數百(bai)里，位于(yu)河(he)(he)南省洛陽市(shi)北(bei)，黃(huang)河(he)(he)南岸，是(shi)秦嶺山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的余脈，崤(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)支脈。據《河(he)(he)南府志》記載，自(zi)邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之首白(bai)馬山(shan)(shan)(shan)，往(wang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)到神尾(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，凡三(san)十三(san)峰。經澠池、新安、洛陽、孟津、偃師(shi)、鞏縣六縣，東西(xi)(xi)(xi)長三(san)百(bai)八(ba)十余里。

唐代(dai)詩人(ren)王建有(you)詩云(yun)：“北(bei)(bei)邙(mang)山頭少(shao)閑(xian)土，盡是洛(luo)(luo)陽人(ren)舊墓(mu)”。白居易則留下了“何(he)事不(bu)隨(sui)東洛(luo)(luo)水，誰家又葬北(bei)(bei)邙(mang)山”的詩句。北(bei)(bei)邙(mang)山上，現存有(you)秦相呂不(bu)韋墓(mu)、漢(han)光(guang)武帝劉秀的原陵(ling)、西晉司(si)馬(ma)氏、南朝陳后(hou)主、南唐李后(hou)主陵(ling)墓(mu)，以及唐朝詩人(ren)杜甫、大書(shu)法家顏真卿等歷代(dai)名(ming)人(ren)之墓(mu)。

景點景觀

北邙山帝陵

北(bei)邙山帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)分西(xi)(xi)(xi)段(duan)（北(bei)魏(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）、中段(duan)（東周(zhou)、東漢、后(hou)唐陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）、東段(duan)（西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)、曹(cao)魏(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）和夾(jia)河段(duan)（東漢、西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)墓(mu)群）四區段(duan)，目前已知在此埋葬著6代共24座帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)。其中東周(zhou)時期王(wang)墓(mu)8座，東漢帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座，曹(cao)魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座，西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座，北(bei)魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)4座，五代后(hou)唐帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座。東漢帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)漢光武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)原(yuan)(yuan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢安帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)恭陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢順帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)憲陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢沖帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)懷(huai)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢靈(ling)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)文(wen)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；曹(cao)魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)魏(wei)文(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)首陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)宣帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)高原(yuan)(yuan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)景(jing)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻(jun)平陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)文(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)崇陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻(jun)陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)惠帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；北(bei)魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)文(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)長陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、宣武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景(jing)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝(xiao)明帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)定(ding)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝(xiao)莊帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)靜(jing)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；后(hou)唐帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)明宗(zong)徽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。另外后(hou)唐閔(min)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李從(cong)(cong)厚、末帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李從(cong)(cong)珂陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、以(yi)及三(san)國(guo)時期蜀代末主劉禪、南(nan)唐后(hou)主李煜(yu)、后(hou)蜀末主孟昶等陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)也均在邙山陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)區內。

洛陽古代藝術博物館

洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)藝(yi)術博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)原名洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)墓博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)，占地(di)面積(ji)130余畝(mu)，建筑面積(ji)8200余平方米，由(you)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)仿漢代(dai)(dai)建筑群(qun)和一(yi)(yi)組(zu)仿北魏建筑群(qun)組(zu)成(cheng)，1987年建成(cheng)開放。其(qi)面積(ji)之(zhi)大(da)、風(feng)格之(zhi)別致(zhi)、收集古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)墓年代(dai)(dai)之(zhi)久、類型及數量(liang)之(zhi)多均屬世界(jie)首(shou)位(wei)，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國一(yi)(yi)大(da)奇觀(guan)。因此(ci)，洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)墓博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)既是(shi)(shi)我國目前較大(da)的古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)墓博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，也是(shi)(shi)世界(jie)上第一(yi)(yi)座古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)墓博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)。洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)藝(yi)術博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)分為歷(li)代(dai)(dai)典(dian)型墓葬、北魏帝王陵和古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)壁(bi)畫(hua)館(guan)(guan)三大(da)展區。

上清宮

上清宮(gong)(gong)，道(dao)教名(ming)觀，位于(yu)北(bei)(bei)邙山翠云(yun)峰上，始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)唐代，初稱老君廟(miao)。相(xiang)傳老子曾在北(bei)(bei)邙煉丹，山上建(jian)有(you)上清觀以奉祀老子。附近還有(you)道(dao)教寺觀呂祖(zu)庵、武則(ze)天避暑(shu)行宮(gong)(gong)、中清宮(gong)(gong)、下(xia)清宮(gong)(gong)等古建(jian)筑(zhu)。唐宋(song)時期，每(mei)逢(feng)重陽(yang)佳節，上北(bei)(bei)邙游覽者絡繹不絕。唐朝(chao)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)張籍詩(shi)(shi)云(yun)：“人(ren)居朝(chao)市(shi)未解愁(chou)，請君暫向北(bei)(bei)邙游。”“邙山晚眺”被譽為“洛陽(yang)八景”之一。每(mei)當(dang)夕陽(yang)西下(xia)，萬家燈火，如同天上繁星，登阜遠望，伊洛二川之勝，盡收眼底。

呂不韋墓

呂(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)墓，位于(yu)今河(he)南省偃師市首陽(yang)山(shan)鎮。據《史記集解》記載：“呂(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)冢(zhong)在河(he)南洛陽(yang)北(bei)邙道西大冢(zhong)是也(ye)。民傳言呂(lv)(lv)母冢(zhong)。不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)妻先葬，故其(qi)冢(zhong)名呂(lv)(lv)母也(ye)。”公元(yuan)前235年，文(wen)信(xin)侯呂(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)死(si)(si)去，被其(qi)賓客偷(tou)偷(tou)安(an)葬在洛陽(yang)北(bei)芒(mang)山(shan)。《史記·秦始皇(huang)本紀》載：“十二年，文(wen)信(xin)侯不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)死(si)(si)，竊葬。”唐代司馬貞《史記索隱》云：“不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)飲(yin)鴆死(si)(si)，其(qi)賓客數千(qian)人竊共葬于(yu)洛陽(yang)北(bei)芒(mang)山(shan)。”

杜甫陵園

杜(du)(du)甫(fu)(fu)陵(ling)(ling)園位于(yu)(yu)北邙(mang)山邙(mang)嶺上，陵(ling)(ling)園占地34畝，座北向(xiang)南，主(zhu)體建筑有大門樓、杜(du)(du)甫(fu)(fu)大型雕像、雙層亭、詩圣(sheng)碑(bei)林、杜(du)(du)甫(fu)(fu)墓(mu)(mu)、吟詩亭、望鄉亭、草(cao)亭、獻殿等。唐大歷五年(nian)(nian)（770年(nian)(nian)）杜(du)(du)甫(fu)(fu)病歿(mo)于(yu)(yu)行往岳陽的(de)湘(xiang)江舟(zhou)中（一說死(si)于(yu)(yu)耒(lei)陽），因家人無(wu)力安葬(zang)，靈(ling)(ling)柩厝于(yu)(yu)岳州（今湖南岳陽）。元和(he)八年(nian)(nian)（813年(nian)(nian)），其(qi)孫(sun)杜(du)(du)嗣業遵(zun)其(qi)父囑托，將(jiang)杜(du)(du)甫(fu)(fu)靈(ling)(ling)柩歸葬(zang)于(yu)(yu)先祖墓(mu)(mu)旁，即洛陽偃師城西首陽山。后又遷于(yu)(yu)鞏(gong)縣（鞏(gong)義(yi)市(shi)），杜(du)(du)甫(fu)(fu)的(de)兩個兒子宗(zong)(zong)文、宗(zong)(zong)武陪(pei)葬(zang)墓(mu)(mu)側，當地群眾(zhong)稱“圣(sheng)人三冢(zhong)”。

國家牡丹園

國(guo)家(jia)牡(mu)丹園(yuan)又名(ming)中(zhong)國(guo)洛(luo)陽國(guo)家(jia)牡(mu)丹基(ji)因(yin)庫，位于洛(luo)陽市(shi)邙山中(zhong)溝西。占(zhan)地面積(ji)700畝，其中(zhong)牡(mu)丹觀(guan)賞園(yuan)分(fen)南園(yuan)和(he)北(bei)園(yuan)，面積(ji)500畝，育苗(miao)200畝，搜集國(guo)內(nei)牡(mu)丹園(yuan)藝品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)600余(yu)個(ge)，野生(sheng)種(zhong)6個(ge)，培育新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)72個(ge)，數量50余(yu)萬株，引(yin)進國(guo)外園(yuan)藝品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)100余(yu)個(ge)，數量5萬株。年(nian)繁殖九大(da)色系，品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)齊全，花大(da)色艷的優質商品(pin)(pin)牡(mu)丹30萬株，已(yi)成為野生(sheng)牡(mu)丹引(yin)種(zhong)馴(xun)化，新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)培育和(he)商品(pin)(pin)牡(mu)丹繁殖的國(guo)內(nei)較大(da)生(sheng)產基(ji)地。

地理環境

地質形成

北邙山位(wei)于東(dong)亞(ya)地(di)貌(mao)階梯(ti)低(di)邊界(jie)帶上，地(di)處以(yi)風塵沉(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)主的黃(huang)土區向(xiang)以(yi)風塵沉(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)流(liu)水沉(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)共同作(zuo)用的平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區的過渡地(di)帶，是(shi)黃(huang)土高原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)華北平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)過渡帶上最東(dong)南緣的黃(huang)土塬。

地貌特征

北邙山地勢起伏平緩(huan)，高(gao)敞而空曠(kuang)，中間高(gao)而四周低，黃土土層(ceng)深厚，黏結性(xing)好，堅固致密，滲水(shui)率低。

北邙山為東西走向，地形屬于低山黃土丘陵地帶，山上丘陵、崗地相間。其中西北的新安段地勢起伏較大，北坡陡峭，南坡較緩，嶺坡連綿，溝壑縱橫，地形切割嚴重。而孟津段、偃師段地勢起伏較為平緩。

植物資源

北邙(mang)山(shan)是(shi)洛陽牡(mu)丹(dan)的(de)(de)原(yuan)生地，陽春三(san)月，北邙(mang)山(shan)遍山(shan)野花競相(xiang)開放，如龍柏連翹、牡(mu)丹(dan)、杜鵑等。北邙(mang)山(shan)面對黃河(he)，松柏碧(bi)草間多清泉流溪。北邙(mang)山(shan)地勢高，陽光照射充足，晝夜溫差大，獨特的(de)(de)小氣候(hou)造就(jiu)了極適宜牡(mu)丹(dan)生長(chang)的(de)(de)自(zi)然條件，所植(zhi)牡(mu)丹(dan)花朵大、花色艷、花期(qi)長(chang)，已形成了集科(ke)研、種植(zhi)、觀賞、銷(xiao)售于一(yi)體的(de)(de)牡(mu)丹(dan)產(chan)業。

動物資源

北邙山的野生動物主(zhu)要有(you)(you)草兔、蛇等體(ti)積較小的獸(shou)類、爬行類、兩棲(qi)類等，鳥類較多(duo)常(chang)見的有(you)(you)麻雀、石雞(ji)、貓(mao)頭(tou)鷹(ying)、啄木鳥等。昆蟲有(you)(you)蝴蝶、蜻蜓、蟬、蜂、蠶、蜈(wu)蚣、蜘蛛、蝎(xie)子、蝸牛、螢火蟲、金(jin)龜子等。