芒果视频下载

基本介紹

北(bei)邙山(shan)(shan)(shan)，又名北(bei)芒、邙山(shan)(shan)(shan)、北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、平逢山(shan)(shan)(shan)、太平山(shan)(shan)(shan)、郟(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。北(bei)邙山(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)拔300米(mi)左右，東(dong)西橫亙(gen)數百里(li)，位(wei)于(yu)河南(nan)省洛陽市北(bei)，黃河南(nan)岸，是秦嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)的余(yu)脈(mo)，崤山(shan)(shan)(shan)支脈(mo)。據《河南(nan)府(fu)志(zhi)》記載，自邙山(shan)(shan)(shan)之首白馬山(shan)(shan)(shan)，往西到神尾山(shan)(shan)(shan)，凡(fan)三(san)十三(san)峰。經澠(min)池、新安、洛陽、孟(meng)津、偃師、鞏縣六(liu)縣，東(dong)西長三(san)百八十余(yu)里(li)。

唐(tang)代(dai)詩(shi)人王建有(you)(you)詩(shi)云：“北邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)頭少(shao)閑土，盡是洛(luo)陽(yang)人舊(jiu)墓”。白居易則留下了“何事不(bu)隨東洛(luo)水，誰(shui)家又(you)葬北邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)”的(de)詩(shi)句。北邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)上，現存有(you)(you)秦相呂(lv)不(bu)韋墓、漢光武帝劉秀(xiu)的(de)原陵(ling)、西晉司馬氏、南(nan)朝陳后主、南(nan)唐(tang)李后主陵(ling)墓，以(yi)及唐(tang)朝詩(shi)人杜甫、大書法家顏真卿等歷(li)代(dai)名(ming)人之墓。

景點景觀

北邙山帝陵

北邙山帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)分西(xi)(xi)段(duan)（北魏(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）、中(zhong)段(duan)（東(dong)(dong)(dong)周(zhou)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢、后(hou)唐陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）、東(dong)(dong)(dong)段(duan)（西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)、曹魏(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）和(he)夾河段(duan)（東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢、西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)墓(mu)群）四區段(duan)，目(mu)前已(yi)知(zhi)在(zai)此埋葬(zang)著6代(dai)共24座(zuo)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)。其(qi)中(zhong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)周(zhou)時期(qi)王(wang)墓(mu)8座(zuo)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座(zuo)，曹魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座(zuo)，西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座(zuo)，北魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)4座(zuo)，五(wu)代(dai)后(hou)唐帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座(zuo)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)漢光武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)原陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢安(an)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)恭陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢順帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)憲陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢沖(chong)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)懷陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢靈帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)文(wen)(wen)(wen)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；曹魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)魏(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)首陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)(jin)宣帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)高原陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)景(jing)(jing)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻平陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)崇(chong)陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)惠帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；北魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)長陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、宣武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景(jing)(jing)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝(xiao)(xiao)明帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)定陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝(xiao)(xiao)莊帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)靜陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；后(hou)唐帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)明宗徽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。另(ling)外后(hou)唐閔帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李從(cong)厚(hou)、末帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李從(cong)珂(ke)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、以及三國(guo)時期(qi)蜀(shu)代(dai)末主劉禪(chan)、南唐后(hou)主李煜、后(hou)蜀(shu)末主孟昶等陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)也均在(zai)邙山陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)區內。

洛陽古代藝術博物館

洛(luo)陽(yang)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)藝術(shu)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)原名洛(luo)陽(yang)古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)，占地面(mian)積130余畝，建筑(zhu)面(mian)積8200余平方米，由一(yi)組仿漢代(dai)建筑(zhu)群和(he)一(yi)組仿北魏建筑(zhu)群組成，1987年建成開放。其(qi)面(mian)積之(zhi)大、風(feng)格之(zhi)別致、收集古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)年代(dai)之(zhi)久、類型及數(shu)量之(zhi)多均屬世界首位，是中(zhong)國一(yi)大奇觀。因此，洛(luo)陽(yang)古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)既是我國目(mu)前較(jiao)大的(de)古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)之(zhi)一(yi)，也是世界上(shang)第一(yi)座古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)。洛(luo)陽(yang)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)藝術(shu)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)分為(wei)歷(li)代(dai)典型墓(mu)葬、北魏帝王陵和(he)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)壁畫館(guan)(guan)三大展區。

上清宮

上清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)，道(dao)教(jiao)名(ming)觀(guan)，位(wei)于北邙(mang)(mang)(mang)山翠云峰上，始建于唐(tang)代，初稱(cheng)老君(jun)廟。相傳老子曾在北邙(mang)(mang)(mang)煉(lian)丹，山上建有上清(qing)(qing)觀(guan)以奉祀老子。附近還有道(dao)教(jiao)寺(si)觀(guan)呂祖庵、武則天避暑行宮(gong)、中清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)、下清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)等(deng)古建筑。唐(tang)宋時期，每逢重陽佳節，上北邙(mang)(mang)(mang)游(you)覽者絡繹(yi)不絕。唐(tang)朝詩人張(zhang)籍詩云：“人居朝市未解愁(chou)，請君(jun)暫(zan)向北邙(mang)(mang)(mang)游(you)。”“邙(mang)(mang)(mang)山晚眺(tiao)”被譽為“洛(luo)陽八(ba)景”之一。每當夕(xi)陽西下，萬家燈火，如同天上繁(fan)星，登阜(fu)遠望，伊(yi)洛(luo)二(er)川之勝(sheng)，盡收眼底。

呂不韋墓

呂不(bu)韋(wei)墓，位于今河南省偃(yan)師市首(shou)陽山鎮(zhen)。據《史(shi)(shi)記集解》記載(zai)：“呂不(bu)韋(wei)冢在河南洛陽北(bei)(bei)(bei)邙(mang)道(dao)西大(da)冢是(shi)也。民(min)傳言呂母冢。不(bu)韋(wei)妻先葬，故其(qi)(qi)冢名(ming)呂母也。”公元前235年，文信侯呂不(bu)韋(wei)死(si)去(qu)，被其(qi)(qi)賓(bin)客偷(tou)偷(tou)安(an)葬在洛陽北(bei)(bei)(bei)芒山。《史(shi)(shi)記·秦始皇本紀》載(zai)：“十(shi)二年，文信侯不(bu)韋(wei)死(si)，竊葬。”唐代(dai)司馬貞《史(shi)(shi)記索隱》云(yun)：“不(bu)韋(wei)飲鴆死(si)，其(qi)(qi)賓(bin)客數千(qian)人竊共葬于洛陽北(bei)(bei)(bei)芒山。”

杜甫陵園

杜(du)(du)甫陵(ling)園(yuan)位于(yu)(yu)北邙山邙嶺上，陵(ling)園(yuan)占地(di)34畝，座北向(xiang)南，主(zhu)體建筑有(you)大門樓、杜(du)(du)甫大型雕像、雙層(ceng)亭、詩圣(sheng)碑林、杜(du)(du)甫墓(mu)、吟(yin)詩亭、望鄉亭、草亭、獻殿(dian)等。唐(tang)大歷五年（770年）杜(du)(du)甫病歿于(yu)(yu)行(xing)往岳陽(yang)的湘江舟中(zhong)（一說死(si)于(yu)(yu)耒陽(yang)），因家人無力安葬，靈(ling)柩厝于(yu)(yu)岳州(zhou)（今湖南岳陽(yang)）。元和(he)八(ba)年（813年），其孫杜(du)(du)嗣業遵其父囑(zhu)托，將(jiang)杜(du)(du)甫靈(ling)柩歸葬于(yu)(yu)先祖墓(mu)旁(pang)，即(ji)洛陽(yang)偃師城西首陽(yang)山。后又遷于(yu)(yu)鞏縣(xian)（鞏義市(shi)），杜(du)(du)甫的兩個(ge)兒子宗文、宗武陪葬墓(mu)側，當(dang)地(di)群眾稱“圣(sheng)人三冢(zhong)”。

國家牡丹園

國(guo)(guo)家牡(mu)丹(dan)園(yuan)又名中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)洛(luo)(luo)陽國(guo)(guo)家牡(mu)丹(dan)基因庫，位于(yu)洛(luo)(luo)陽市(shi)邙(mang)山中(zhong)溝西(xi)。占地面(mian)積700畝(mu)(mu)，其中(zhong)牡(mu)丹(dan)觀賞園(yuan)分南園(yuan)和(he)北園(yuan)，面(mian)積500畝(mu)(mu)，育苗200畝(mu)(mu)，搜集國(guo)(guo)內牡(mu)丹(dan)園(yuan)藝(yi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)600余個(ge)(ge)，野生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)6個(ge)(ge)，培育新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)72個(ge)(ge)，數(shu)量50余萬株，引(yin)進國(guo)(guo)外(wai)園(yuan)藝(yi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)100余個(ge)(ge)，數(shu)量5萬株。年繁殖(zhi)九(jiu)大色系，品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)齊全，花大色艷(yan)的(de)(de)優質商品(pin)(pin)牡(mu)丹(dan)30萬株，已(yi)成(cheng)為野生(sheng)(sheng)牡(mu)丹(dan)引(yin)種(zhong)馴(xun)化，新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)培育和(he)商品(pin)(pin)牡(mu)丹(dan)繁殖(zhi)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)內較大生(sheng)(sheng)產基地。

地理環境

地質形成

北邙山(shan)位于東亞地貌階梯(ti)低(di)邊界帶上(shang)，地處以風塵(chen)沉(chen)(chen)積為主的(de)黃(huang)土區向以風塵(chen)沉(chen)(chen)積與(yu)流水沉(chen)(chen)積共同(tong)作(zuo)用的(de)平原區的(de)過渡地帶，是黃(huang)土高原與(yu)華北平原過渡帶上(shang)最(zui)東南緣的(de)黃(huang)土塬(yuan)。

地貌特征

北邙(mang)山(shan)地勢起(qi)伏平緩，高敞(chang)而空(kong)曠，中間(jian)高而四(si)周(zhou)低(di)，黃土土層(ceng)深(shen)厚，黏結性好(hao)，堅固致密，滲水率(lv)低(di)。

北邙山為東西走向，地形屬于低山黃土丘陵地帶，山上丘陵、崗地相間。其中西北的新安段地勢起伏較大，北坡陡峭，南坡較緩，嶺坡連綿，溝壑縱橫，地形切割嚴重。而孟津段、偃師段地勢起伏較為平緩。

植物資源

北(bei)邙(mang)山是洛陽(yang)牡丹的(de)原生(sheng)地(di)，陽(yang)春(chun)三月，北(bei)邙(mang)山遍山野花競相開放，如龍柏連翹、牡丹、杜(du)鵑等(deng)。北(bei)邙(mang)山面對黃河，松柏碧草間多清泉流溪。北(bei)邙(mang)山地(di)勢高(gao)，陽(yang)光照(zhao)射充足，晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差大(da)，獨(du)特(te)的(de)小氣候(hou)造就了極適宜牡丹生(sheng)長的(de)自然條件，所植牡丹花朵大(da)、花色艷(yan)、花期長，已形(xing)成了集(ji)科研(yan)、種植、觀賞、銷(xiao)售于一體的(de)牡丹產業。

動物資源

北邙(mang)山的(de)野生動(dong)物主要有草兔、蛇等(deng)(deng)體積較小的(de)獸類、爬(pa)行類、兩(liang)棲類等(deng)(deng)，鳥類較多常(chang)見的(de)有麻雀、石雞、貓頭(tou)鷹、啄木鳥等(deng)(deng)。昆蟲有蝴(hu)蝶、蜻蜓、蟬、蜂(feng)、蠶、蜈蚣、蜘蛛、蝎子(zi)、蝸牛、螢火蟲、金龜子(zi)等(deng)(deng)。