芒果视频下载

基本介紹

北(bei)邙山(shan)(shan)(shan)，又名(ming)北(bei)芒、邙山(shan)(shan)(shan)、北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、平(ping)逢山(shan)(shan)(shan)、太(tai)平(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、郟山(shan)(shan)(shan)。北(bei)邙山(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)拔(ba)300米左右(you)，東西(xi)橫亙數百里，位于河(he)(he)南省洛陽市北(bei)，黃河(he)(he)南岸(an)，是秦嶺山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的余(yu)脈，崤山(shan)(shan)(shan)支脈。據《河(he)(he)南府(fu)志(zhi)》記(ji)載，自邙山(shan)(shan)(shan)之首(shou)白馬山(shan)(shan)(shan)，往西(xi)到神尾山(shan)(shan)(shan)，凡三(san)十三(san)峰。經(jing)澠池、新安(an)、洛陽、孟津、偃師、鞏縣六縣，東西(xi)長三(san)百八十余(yu)里。

唐(tang)代(dai)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)王建有詩(shi)(shi)云：“北邙(mang)山(shan)頭少(shao)閑土(tu)，盡是洛陽人(ren)舊墓”。白居易則留下了“何(he)事不(bu)隨東洛水，誰家(jia)又葬北邙(mang)山(shan)”的詩(shi)(shi)句。北邙(mang)山(shan)上，現存有秦相呂不(bu)韋墓、漢(han)光武帝劉秀的原陵、西晉司馬氏(shi)、南(nan)朝陳后主、南(nan)唐(tang)李后主陵墓，以及唐(tang)朝詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)杜甫、大(da)書法家(jia)顏(yan)真(zhen)卿等歷(li)代(dai)名(ming)人(ren)之(zhi)墓。

景點景觀

北邙山帝陵

北(bei)(bei)邙山帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)分西(xi)段（北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)）、中(zhong)段（東周(zhou)(zhou)、東漢(han)(han)(han)、后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)）、東段（西(xi)晉(jin)(jin)、曹魏(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)）和夾河段（東漢(han)(han)(han)、西(xi)晉(jin)(jin)墓群(qun)）四(si)區(qu)(qu)段，目前已知在(zai)此埋葬著(zhu)6代(dai)共(gong)24座帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓。其(qi)中(zhong)東周(zhou)(zhou)時期王墓8座，東漢(han)(han)(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座，曹魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座，西(xi)晉(jin)(jin)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座，北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)4座，五代(dai)后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座。東漢(han)(han)(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為漢(han)(han)(han)光武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)原陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)(han)安(an)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)恭(gong)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)(han)順帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)憲陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)(han)沖帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)懷陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)(han)靈帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)文陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；曹魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為魏(wei)文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)首陽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；西(xi)晉(jin)(jin)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為晉(jin)(jin)宣(xuan)(xuan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)高(gao)原陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)景帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻平陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)崇陽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻陽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)惠帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太陽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為孝(xiao)文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)長陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、宣(xuan)(xuan)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝(xiao)明(ming)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)定陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝(xiao)莊帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)靜陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為明(ming)宗徽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。另外后(hou)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)閔(min)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李從(cong)厚、末帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李從(cong)珂陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、以及三國時期蜀代(dai)末主(zhu)劉禪、南唐(tang)(tang)(tang)后(hou)主(zhu)李煜、后(hou)蜀末主(zhu)孟昶等陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓也均(jun)在(zai)邙山陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓區(qu)(qu)內。

洛陽古代藝術博物館

洛(luo)陽古代藝術(shu)博物館原名洛(luo)陽古墓(mu)博物館，占地面(mian)積130余(yu)畝，建筑(zhu)面(mian)積8200余(yu)平(ping)方米，由一組(zu)仿漢代建筑(zhu)群和(he)(he)一組(zu)仿北魏(wei)建筑(zhu)群組(zu)成(cheng)，1987年建成(cheng)開放。其面(mian)積之大、風格之別致、收(shou)集(ji)古墓(mu)年代之久(jiu)、類型及數量(liang)之多均(jun)屬世(shi)界首位，是(shi)中國(guo)一大奇觀(guan)。因此，洛(luo)陽古墓(mu)博物館既是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)目前(qian)較大的古墓(mu)博物館之一，也是(shi)世(shi)界上第一座古墓(mu)博物館。洛(luo)陽古代藝術(shu)博物館分為歷代典型墓(mu)葬、北魏(wei)帝王陵和(he)(he)古代壁畫(hua)館三大展區。

上清宮

上(shang)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)，道(dao)教名觀，位于(yu)北邙(mang)山(shan)翠(cui)云峰上(shang)，始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)唐代，初稱老(lao)君廟。相傳(chuan)老(lao)子曾在北邙(mang)煉丹，山(shan)上(shang)建(jian)有上(shang)清(qing)(qing)觀以奉(feng)祀老(lao)子。附近還有道(dao)教寺觀呂祖庵、武(wu)則天避暑行宮(gong)、中清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)、下(xia)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)等古建(jian)筑(zhu)。唐宋(song)時期，每逢重陽(yang)佳(jia)節，上(shang)北邙(mang)游(you)覽者絡繹不絕。唐朝詩人張籍詩云：“人居朝市(shi)未解愁，請君暫(zan)向北邙(mang)游(you)。”“邙(mang)山(shan)晚眺(tiao)”被譽為(wei)“洛(luo)陽(yang)八(ba)景”之(zhi)一。每當夕陽(yang)西下(xia)，萬家燈(deng)火(huo)，如同天上(shang)繁星，登(deng)阜遠(yuan)望，伊洛(luo)二川之(zhi)勝，盡收眼底。

呂不韋墓

呂(lv)不(bu)韋墓，位(wei)于今河(he)(he)南(nan)省(sheng)偃師市首陽山鎮。據《史記(ji)集(ji)解》記(ji)載：“呂(lv)不(bu)韋冢(zhong)在河(he)(he)南(nan)洛陽北邙道西大(da)冢(zhong)是也(ye)。民(min)傳言呂(lv)母(mu)冢(zhong)。不(bu)韋妻先葬，故其(qi)冢(zhong)名(ming)呂(lv)母(mu)也(ye)。”公元前235年(nian)，文(wen)(wen)信侯(hou)呂(lv)不(bu)韋死(si)去，被其(qi)賓客(ke)偷(tou)偷(tou)安葬在洛陽北芒(mang)山。《史記(ji)·秦始皇(huang)本(ben)紀(ji)》載：“十二(er)年(nian)，文(wen)(wen)信侯(hou)不(bu)韋死(si)，竊(qie)葬。”唐(tang)代司(si)馬貞《史記(ji)索隱》云：“不(bu)韋飲鴆(zhen)死(si)，其(qi)賓客(ke)數(shu)千人竊(qie)共葬于洛陽北芒(mang)山。”

杜甫陵園

杜(du)甫(fu)(fu)陵(ling)園位于(yu)北邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)邙(mang)嶺(ling)上，陵(ling)園占地34畝(mu)，座(zuo)北向南(nan)，主體(ti)建筑有大(da)(da)門樓、杜(du)甫(fu)(fu)大(da)(da)型雕像(xiang)、雙(shuang)層亭、詩(shi)圣(sheng)碑林、杜(du)甫(fu)(fu)墓、吟詩(shi)亭、望鄉亭、草亭、獻殿(dian)等(deng)。唐大(da)(da)歷五年（770年）杜(du)甫(fu)(fu)病歿于(yu)行往岳(yue)陽的湘江舟中（一說死于(yu)耒陽），因家人無力安葬，靈(ling)柩厝于(yu)岳(yue)州（今湖南(nan)岳(yue)陽）。元和八(ba)年（813年），其(qi)孫杜(du)嗣業遵(zun)其(qi)父囑托，將杜(du)甫(fu)(fu)靈(ling)柩歸葬于(yu)先祖墓旁，即洛陽偃(yan)師城西首(shou)陽山(shan)(shan)。后又(you)遷于(yu)鞏縣（鞏義市），杜(du)甫(fu)(fu)的兩(liang)個兒子(zi)宗文、宗武陪葬墓側，當地群眾稱“圣(sheng)人三冢”。

國家牡丹園

國(guo)家(jia)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)園(yuan)又名中國(guo)洛陽國(guo)家(jia)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)基因庫(ku)，位于洛陽市邙山中溝西。占地面積700畝，其中牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)觀賞(shang)園(yuan)分南園(yuan)和北園(yuan)，面積500畝，育(yu)苗200畝，搜集(ji)國(guo)內(nei)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)園(yuan)藝(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種600余個(ge)(ge)，野生種6個(ge)(ge)，培育(yu)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種72個(ge)(ge)，數(shu)量50余萬(wan)株，引(yin)進國(guo)外園(yuan)藝(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種100余個(ge)(ge)，數(shu)量5萬(wan)株。年(nian)繁(fan)殖九大色(se)系(xi)，品(pin)(pin)(pin)種齊全，花大色(se)艷(yan)的優(you)質商品(pin)(pin)(pin)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)30萬(wan)株，已成(cheng)為野生牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)引(yin)種馴化，新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種培育(yu)和商品(pin)(pin)(pin)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)繁(fan)殖的國(guo)內(nei)較大生產基地。

地理環境

地質形成

北(bei)邙山位于東亞(ya)地貌階梯低邊(bian)界帶(dai)上，地處以風塵沉積為主的黃土區向以風塵沉積與(yu)流水沉積共同作用(yong)的平(ping)原(yuan)區的過渡(du)地帶(dai)，是(shi)黃土高原(yuan)與(yu)華北(bei)平(ping)原(yuan)過渡(du)帶(dai)上最東南緣的黃土塬。

地貌特征

北邙山地勢起伏平緩，高敞而空曠，中間(jian)高而四周低，黃土土層深厚，黏結性好(hao)，堅(jian)固(gu)致密，滲水(shui)率低。

北邙山為東西走向，地形屬于低山黃土丘陵地帶，山上丘陵、崗地相間。其中西北的新安段地勢起伏較大，北坡陡峭，南坡較緩，嶺坡連綿，溝壑縱橫，地形切割嚴重。而孟津段、偃師段地勢起伏較為平緩。

植物資源

北(bei)邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)是洛陽(yang)牡(mu)丹(dan)的(de)原生地，陽(yang)春(chun)三(san)月，北(bei)邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)遍山(shan)(shan)野花(hua)(hua)競相開放，如龍(long)柏(bo)連翹(qiao)、牡(mu)丹(dan)、杜(du)鵑等。北(bei)邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)面(mian)對黃(huang)河，松柏(bo)碧草間(jian)多清泉流溪。北(bei)邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)地勢(shi)高，陽(yang)光照射充足，晝夜溫差大(da)，獨特的(de)小氣候造(zao)就了極適宜牡(mu)丹(dan)生長的(de)自然條件，所(suo)植(zhi)牡(mu)丹(dan)花(hua)(hua)朵大(da)、花(hua)(hua)色艷、花(hua)(hua)期長，已形成了集科研、種植(zhi)、觀賞(shang)、銷(xiao)售(shou)于一體的(de)牡(mu)丹(dan)產業。

動物資源

北邙山的(de)(de)野生動物主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)草(cao)兔、蛇(she)等體(ti)積較(jiao)小的(de)(de)獸類、爬(pa)行類、兩棲類等，鳥類較(jiao)多常見的(de)(de)有(you)麻雀、石雞(ji)、貓頭鷹、啄木(mu)鳥等。昆蟲有(you)蝴蝶、蜻蜓、蟬、蜂(feng)、蠶(can)、蜈(wu)蚣、蜘蛛、蝎子(zi)、蝸牛、螢火(huo)蟲、金龜(gui)子(zi)等。