芒果视频下载

基本介紹

北邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)，又名北芒(mang)、邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)、北山(shan)(shan)、平逢山(shan)(shan)、太平山(shan)(shan)、郟山(shan)(shan)。北邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)海拔300米左右，東西橫(heng)亙數百里(li)，位于河南(nan)省洛陽市北，黃(huang)河南(nan)岸，是(shi)秦(qin)嶺山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)的余(yu)脈(mo)(mo)，崤(yao)山(shan)(shan)支脈(mo)(mo)。據《河南(nan)府志》記載，自邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)之首白(bai)馬山(shan)(shan)，往(wang)西到神尾山(shan)(shan)，凡(fan)三(san)(san)十三(san)(san)峰。經澠池、新安、洛陽、孟津(jin)、偃師、鞏縣六縣，東西長(chang)三(san)(san)百八(ba)十余(yu)里(li)。

唐代(dai)詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)王建(jian)有詩云：“北邙山(shan)(shan)頭少閑土，盡是洛陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)舊墓”。白(bai)居易則留(liu)下(xia)了“何事不隨東洛水，誰家(jia)又葬(zang)北邙山(shan)(shan)”的詩句。北邙山(shan)(shan)上(shang)，現存有秦相呂不韋(wei)墓、漢光武帝劉秀的原(yuan)陵、西(xi)晉司馬氏、南(nan)朝(chao)陳后(hou)主、南(nan)唐李后(hou)主陵墓，以(yi)及(ji)唐朝(chao)詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)杜甫(fu)、大(da)書法家(jia)顏真(zhen)卿等歷代(dai)名(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之墓。

景點景觀

北邙山帝陵

北(bei)邙山(shan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)分(fen)西(xi)(xi)(xi)段(duan)（北(bei)魏陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）、中段(duan)（東周、東漢(han)、后(hou)唐(tang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）、東段(duan)（西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)、曹魏陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）和夾(jia)河段(duan)（東漢(han)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)墓(mu)群）四(si)區段(duan)，目(mu)前已知在此埋(mai)葬著6代共24座(zuo)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)。其中東周時期王墓(mu)8座(zuo)，東漢(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座(zuo)，曹魏帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座(zuo)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座(zuo)，北(bei)魏帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)4座(zuo)，五代后(hou)唐(tang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座(zuo)。東漢(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)漢(han)光武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)原陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)安(an)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)恭陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)順帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)憲(xian)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)沖帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)懷陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)靈帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)文(wen)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；曹魏帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)魏文(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)首陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)(jin)宣帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)高原陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)景帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻平陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)文(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)崇陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉(jin)(jin)惠帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；北(bei)魏帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)文(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)長陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、宣武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝(xiao)(xiao)明帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)定陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝(xiao)(xiao)莊帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)靜陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；后(hou)唐(tang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)明宗徽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。另外后(hou)唐(tang)閔帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李(li)從厚、末帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李(li)從珂陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、以及三(san)國時期蜀代末主(zhu)劉(liu)禪、南唐(tang)后(hou)主(zhu)李(li)煜、后(hou)蜀末主(zhu)孟昶等陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)也均在邙山(shan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)區內。

洛陽古代藝術博物館

洛陽(yang)(yang)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)藝術(shu)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)原名(ming)洛陽(yang)(yang)古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)(mu)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)，占地面積130余畝，建(jian)筑面積8200余平(ping)方米，由(you)一(yi)組(zu)仿漢代(dai)(dai)建(jian)筑群(qun)和一(yi)組(zu)仿北(bei)魏(wei)建(jian)筑群(qun)組(zu)成，1987年(nian)建(jian)成開放。其(qi)面積之(zhi)大、風(feng)格之(zhi)別致、收(shou)集古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)(mu)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)之(zhi)久、類型及數量之(zhi)多均屬(shu)世(shi)界(jie)首位，是中國一(yi)大奇(qi)觀(guan)。因此，洛陽(yang)(yang)古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)(mu)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)既(ji)是我國目前(qian)較大的古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)(mu)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)之(zhi)一(yi)，也是世(shi)界(jie)上第一(yi)座古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)(mu)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)。洛陽(yang)(yang)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)藝術(shu)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)分為歷(li)代(dai)(dai)典型墓(mu)(mu)葬、北(bei)魏(wei)帝王陵和古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)壁(bi)畫館(guan)三大展區。

上清宮

上(shang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)，道教名觀(guan)，位(wei)于(yu)(yu)北(bei)邙(mang)山(shan)翠云(yun)(yun)峰上(shang)，始(shi)建于(yu)(yu)唐(tang)代(dai)，初稱老(lao)君廟。相傳老(lao)子曾在北(bei)邙(mang)煉丹(dan)，山(shan)上(shang)建有(you)上(shang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)觀(guan)以(yi)奉祀老(lao)子。附近還有(you)道教寺觀(guan)呂祖庵、武則天避暑行(xing)宮(gong)(gong)、中清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)、下清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)等古建筑。唐(tang)宋時期，每逢重陽(yang)(yang)佳節，上(shang)北(bei)邙(mang)游覽者(zhe)絡繹不絕。唐(tang)朝詩人張籍(ji)詩云(yun)(yun)：“人居朝市未解愁，請君暫(zan)向北(bei)邙(mang)游。”“邙(mang)山(shan)晚眺”被(bei)譽為(wei)“洛陽(yang)(yang)八景”之一。每當夕陽(yang)(yang)西下，萬家燈火，如同天上(shang)繁星，登(deng)阜(fu)遠望，伊洛二川之勝(sheng)，盡收眼底。

呂不韋墓

呂(lv)不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)(wei)墓(mu)，位于(yu)今河南省偃師市首(shou)陽(yang)山(shan)鎮。據《史(shi)(shi)記(ji)集解》記(ji)載：“呂(lv)不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)(wei)冢在河南洛陽(yang)北(bei)(bei)邙(mang)道西大冢是(shi)也(ye)。民(min)傳(chuan)言呂(lv)母冢。不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)(wei)妻(qi)先葬，故其(qi)(qi)冢名呂(lv)母也(ye)。”公元前235年，文信侯呂(lv)不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)(wei)死(si)去，被其(qi)(qi)賓(bin)(bin)客偷偷安葬在洛陽(yang)北(bei)(bei)芒山(shan)。《史(shi)(shi)記(ji)·秦始皇本紀(ji)》載：“十二(er)年，文信侯不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)(wei)死(si)，竊葬。”唐代(dai)司馬貞《史(shi)(shi)記(ji)索隱(yin)》云：“不(bu)(bu)韋(wei)(wei)飲鴆(zhen)死(si)，其(qi)(qi)賓(bin)(bin)客數(shu)千人竊共葬于(yu)洛陽(yang)北(bei)(bei)芒山(shan)。”

杜甫陵園

杜(du)甫(fu)陵園位(wei)于(yu)北邙山邙嶺上，陵園占地(di)34畝，座北向南，主體建筑有大(da)門樓、杜(du)甫(fu)大(da)型(xing)雕像、雙層亭、詩(shi)圣碑林、杜(du)甫(fu)墓(mu)、吟詩(shi)亭、望鄉亭、草亭、獻(xian)殿等(deng)。唐大(da)歷五年(nian)（770年(nian)）杜(du)甫(fu)病歿于(yu)行(xing)往岳陽(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)湘江舟中(zhong)（一說死于(yu)耒陽(yang)(yang)(yang)），因(yin)家人(ren)無(wu)力安(an)葬(zang)，靈(ling)柩厝(cuo)于(yu)岳州(zhou)（今湖南岳陽(yang)(yang)(yang)）。元和八年(nian)（813年(nian)），其(qi)孫(sun)杜(du)嗣(si)業遵(zun)其(qi)父囑托，將杜(du)甫(fu)靈(ling)柩歸(gui)葬(zang)于(yu)先祖(zu)墓(mu)旁，即(ji)洛陽(yang)(yang)(yang)偃師城西首(shou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山。后又遷于(yu)鞏縣（鞏義市(shi)），杜(du)甫(fu)的(de)兩個兒子宗(zong)文、宗(zong)武陪葬(zang)墓(mu)側，當(dang)地(di)群(qun)眾稱“圣人(ren)三冢”。

國家牡丹園

國(guo)家(jia)牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)園(yuan)又名(ming)中(zhong)國(guo)洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)國(guo)家(jia)牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)基因(yin)庫，位于洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)市邙山中(zhong)溝西。占地面(mian)積700畝(mu)，其中(zhong)牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)觀賞園(yuan)分南園(yuan)和(he)北(bei)園(yuan)，面(mian)積500畝(mu)，育(yu)苗200畝(mu)，搜集(ji)國(guo)內牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)園(yuan)藝(yi)品(pin)種(zhong)600余個，野生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)6個，培育(yu)新品(pin)種(zhong)72個，數量50余萬(wan)株(zhu)，引(yin)進國(guo)外園(yuan)藝(yi)品(pin)種(zhong)100余個，數量5萬(wan)株(zhu)。年繁(fan)殖九大(da)色系，品(pin)種(zhong)齊全(quan)，花大(da)色艷(yan)的優(you)質商(shang)(shang)品(pin)牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)30萬(wan)株(zhu)，已成(cheng)為野生(sheng)(sheng)牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)引(yin)種(zhong)馴化，新品(pin)種(zhong)培育(yu)和(he)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)繁(fan)殖的國(guo)內較大(da)生(sheng)(sheng)產基地。

地理環境

地質形成

北邙山位于東亞地(di)貌(mao)階梯低邊界(jie)帶(dai)上(shang)，地(di)處(chu)以風(feng)(feng)塵沉積(ji)(ji)為主的黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)區(qu)向(xiang)以風(feng)(feng)塵沉積(ji)(ji)與(yu)流水沉積(ji)(ji)共同作用的平原(yuan)區(qu)的過(guo)渡(du)地(di)帶(dai)，是黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)高原(yuan)與(yu)華北平原(yuan)過(guo)渡(du)帶(dai)上(shang)最東南緣的黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)塬。

地貌特征

北(bei)邙山地勢(shi)起(qi)伏平緩，高敞而(er)空(kong)曠(kuang)，中(zhong)間高而(er)四(si)周低，黃土土層深厚，黏結性好，堅固致密，滲水率(lv)低。

北邙山為東西走向，地形屬于低山黃土丘陵地帶，山上丘陵、崗地相間。其中西北的新安段地勢起伏較大，北坡陡峭，南坡較緩，嶺坡連綿，溝壑縱橫，地形切割嚴重。而孟津段、偃師段地勢起伏較為平緩。

植物資源

北(bei)邙山是(shi)洛(luo)陽(yang)牡丹(dan)(dan)的原生(sheng)地，陽(yang)春三月(yue)，北(bei)邙山遍山野花(hua)競相開放，如(ru)龍柏連翹(qiao)、牡丹(dan)(dan)、杜鵑等。北(bei)邙山面(mian)對黃河，松(song)柏碧草間多清(qing)泉流溪。北(bei)邙山地勢高，陽(yang)光(guang)照(zhao)射充足，晝夜溫差大，獨(du)特(te)的小氣候(hou)造(zao)就了極適宜牡丹(dan)(dan)生(sheng)長的自然條件，所植牡丹(dan)(dan)花(hua)朵大、花(hua)色艷、花(hua)期長，已形成(cheng)了集科研(yan)、種(zhong)植、觀賞、銷售于一體的牡丹(dan)(dan)產業(ye)。

動物資源

北邙山的(de)野生動(dong)物主要有草兔、蛇等(deng)體積較小的(de)獸類、爬行(xing)類、兩(liang)棲類等(deng)，鳥(niao)類較多(duo)常見的(de)有麻雀(que)、石雞、貓頭鷹、啄木鳥(niao)等(deng)。昆蟲(chong)有蝴蝶、蜻蜓、蟬、蜂、蠶、蜈蚣、蜘蛛、蝎子、蝸(gua)牛、螢火(huo)蟲(chong)、金龜(gui)子等(deng)。