芒果视频下载

基本介紹

北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)，又(you)名北(bei)芒、邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)、北(bei)山(shan)、平(ping)逢山(shan)、太平(ping)山(shan)、郟山(shan)。北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)海拔(ba)300米左右，東西橫亙(gen)數百里(li)，位(wei)于河(he)南省(sheng)洛陽市(shi)北(bei)，黃河(he)南岸，是秦嶺山(shan)脈(mo)的余脈(mo)，崤山(shan)支脈(mo)。據《河(he)南府志》記(ji)載，自邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)之(zhi)首白馬(ma)山(shan)，往西到神尾山(shan)，凡三十三峰。經(jing)澠池(chi)、新安、洛陽、孟津、偃(yan)師、鞏縣六縣，東西長三百八(ba)十余里(li)。

唐(tang)代詩人(ren)王建(jian)有詩云：“北邙(mang)山頭少(shao)閑土(tu)，盡是洛陽(yang)人(ren)舊墓(mu)”。白居易則留(liu)下(xia)了(le)“何事(shi)不隨(sui)東(dong)洛水，誰家(jia)(jia)又(you)葬北邙(mang)山”的詩句。北邙(mang)山上，現存(cun)有秦(qin)相呂不韋墓(mu)、漢光武帝劉(liu)秀(xiu)的原陵(ling)、西晉司馬氏、南朝(chao)陳后(hou)主、南唐(tang)李(li)后(hou)主陵(ling)墓(mu)，以(yi)及唐(tang)朝(chao)詩人(ren)杜甫、大書(shu)法家(jia)(jia)顏真卿等歷代名人(ren)之墓(mu)。

景點景觀

北邙山帝陵

北(bei)邙山(shan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)分西段（北(bei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）、中段（東(dong)周、東(dong)漢(han)(han)、后(hou)(hou)唐陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）、東(dong)段（西晉、曹魏(wei)(wei)(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區）和夾河段（東(dong)漢(han)(han)、西晉墓(mu)群(qun)）四區段，目前已(yi)知在此埋(mai)葬(zang)著6代(dai)共24座(zuo)(zuo)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)。其中東(dong)周時(shi)期(qi)(qi)王(wang)墓(mu)8座(zuo)(zuo)，東(dong)漢(han)(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座(zuo)(zuo)，曹魏(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座(zuo)(zuo)，西晉帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座(zuo)(zuo)，北(bei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)4座(zuo)(zuo)，五代(dai)后(hou)(hou)唐帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座(zuo)(zuo)。東(dong)漢(han)(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為漢(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)原陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)安帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)恭陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)順帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)憲陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)沖帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)懷陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)靈帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)文(wen)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；曹魏(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為魏(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)首陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；西晉帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為晉宣(xuan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)高原陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉景帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻平陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉文(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)崇陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉惠帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太陽(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；北(bei)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為孝文(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)長陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、宣(xuan)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝明帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)定陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝莊帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)靜陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；后(hou)(hou)唐帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為明宗徽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。另外后(hou)(hou)唐閔帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李(li)從厚、末帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李(li)從珂陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、以(yi)及(ji)三(san)國時(shi)期(qi)(qi)蜀(shu)代(dai)末主(zhu)劉禪(chan)、南唐后(hou)(hou)主(zhu)李(li)煜、后(hou)(hou)蜀(shu)末主(zhu)孟(meng)昶等陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)也均在邙山(shan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)區內。

洛陽古代藝術博物館

洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)古代(dai)(dai)藝(yi)(yi)術博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)原名洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)古墓(mu)博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)，占(zhan)地面積130余畝(mu)，建筑面積8200余平(ping)方米，由一(yi)(yi)(yi)組仿漢代(dai)(dai)建筑群和一(yi)(yi)(yi)組仿北(bei)魏建筑群組成(cheng)，1987年建成(cheng)開(kai)放。其面積之大(da)、風(feng)格之別致、收集(ji)古墓(mu)年代(dai)(dai)之久、類型及(ji)數量之多均(jun)屬世(shi)界首位(wei)，是中國一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)奇(qi)觀(guan)。因此，洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)古墓(mu)博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)既是我國目前較大(da)的古墓(mu)博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)，也(ye)是世(shi)界上(shang)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)座古墓(mu)博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)。洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)古代(dai)(dai)藝(yi)(yi)術博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)分為歷代(dai)(dai)典型墓(mu)葬(zang)、北(bei)魏帝王陵和古代(dai)(dai)壁(bi)畫館(guan)三大(da)展區。

上清宮

上(shang)(shang)清宮，道(dao)教名觀，位于北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)翠云峰上(shang)(shang)，始建于唐代，初(chu)稱老君廟。相傳老子(zi)(zi)曾在北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)煉丹，山(shan)上(shang)(shang)建有上(shang)(shang)清觀以奉祀老子(zi)(zi)。附近(jin)還(huan)有道(dao)教寺觀呂(lv)祖庵、武則天避暑行宮、中清宮、下清宮等(deng)古建筑。唐宋(song)時期，每逢重陽佳(jia)節，上(shang)(shang)北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)游覽(lan)者絡繹不絕。唐朝詩人張籍詩云：“人居朝市未解(jie)愁，請君暫(zan)向(xiang)北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)游。”“邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)晚(wan)眺”被譽為“洛(luo)陽八景”之(zhi)一。每當夕陽西下，萬(wan)家燈火，如同天上(shang)(shang)繁星，登阜遠望，伊洛(luo)二川之(zhi)勝(sheng)，盡收眼底。

呂不韋墓

呂不(bu)韋(wei)墓，位于今河南省偃(yan)師市(shi)首陽山鎮。據《史(shi)記集解(jie)》記載：“呂不(bu)韋(wei)冢(zhong)(zhong)在河南洛(luo)(luo)陽北邙道西大冢(zhong)(zhong)是也。民傳(chuan)言呂母(mu)冢(zhong)(zhong)。不(bu)韋(wei)妻先葬(zang)(zang)，故其冢(zhong)(zhong)名呂母(mu)也。”公元前235年，文信(xin)侯呂不(bu)韋(wei)死(si)去，被其賓(bin)客偷(tou)偷(tou)安葬(zang)(zang)在洛(luo)(luo)陽北芒山。《史(shi)記·秦(qin)始皇(huang)本紀》載：“十(shi)二(er)年，文信(xin)侯不(bu)韋(wei)死(si)，竊葬(zang)(zang)。”唐代司馬貞《史(shi)記索隱》云(yun)：“不(bu)韋(wei)飲鴆死(si)，其賓(bin)客數千人竊共葬(zang)(zang)于洛(luo)(luo)陽北芒山。”

杜甫陵園

杜(du)甫陵園位于(yu)(yu)北(bei)邙(mang)山邙(mang)嶺上，陵園占地34畝，座(zuo)北(bei)向(xiang)南，主(zhu)體(ti)建(jian)筑有大門樓、杜(du)甫大型雕像、雙層亭(ting)、詩圣碑林、杜(du)甫墓、吟詩亭(ting)、望鄉亭(ting)、草亭(ting)、獻(xian)殿等。唐大歷(li)五年(nian)（770年(nian)）杜(du)甫病歿于(yu)(yu)行往岳(yue)陽的(de)湘江舟(zhou)中（一說死(si)于(yu)(yu)耒陽），因家人(ren)無力安葬，靈柩(jiu)厝(cuo)于(yu)(yu)岳(yue)州（今湖南岳(yue)陽）。元和八年(nian)（813年(nian)），其(qi)孫杜(du)嗣業遵其(qi)父囑托，將(jiang)杜(du)甫靈柩(jiu)歸葬于(yu)(yu)先祖墓旁(pang)，即(ji)洛陽偃師(shi)城(cheng)西首陽山。后又遷于(yu)(yu)鞏縣（鞏義市），杜(du)甫的(de)兩個兒子宗(zong)文、宗(zong)武陪葬墓側(ce)，當地群眾稱“圣人(ren)三冢”。

國家牡丹園

國(guo)家牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)園(yuan)(yuan)又名中國(guo)洛陽國(guo)家牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)基因庫，位(wei)于洛陽市邙山中溝西(xi)。占(zhan)地面積700畝(mu)，其中牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)觀賞園(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)南園(yuan)(yuan)和(he)北(bei)園(yuan)(yuan)，面積500畝(mu)，育苗200畝(mu)，搜集國(guo)內牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)園(yuan)(yuan)藝品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)600余個(ge)，野(ye)生種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)6個(ge)，培育新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)72個(ge)，數(shu)量(liang)(liang)50余萬(wan)株，引進(jin)國(guo)外(wai)園(yuan)(yuan)藝品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)100余個(ge)，數(shu)量(liang)(liang)5萬(wan)株。年繁殖(zhi)九大色系(xi)，品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)齊(qi)全(quan)，花(hua)大色艷的(de)優質商品(pin)(pin)牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)30萬(wan)株，已(yi)成為野(ye)生牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)引種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馴化，新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培育和(he)商品(pin)(pin)牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)繁殖(zhi)的(de)國(guo)內較(jiao)大生產基地。

地理環境

地質形成

北邙山位(wei)于東亞地(di)貌階梯低邊界帶(dai)上，地(di)處以風塵(chen)沉(chen)積為主的黃土(tu)(tu)區向(xiang)以風塵(chen)沉(chen)積與流水沉(chen)積共同作用的平原區的過渡地(di)帶(dai)，是黃土(tu)(tu)高(gao)原與華北平原過渡帶(dai)上最東南緣的黃土(tu)(tu)塬(yuan)。

地貌特征

北邙山地勢(shi)起伏平緩，高敞而(er)(er)空曠，中間高而(er)(er)四(si)周低，黃土土層深厚(hou)，黏結(jie)性(xing)好，堅固(gu)致密，滲水(shui)率低。

北邙山為東西走向，地形屬于低山黃土丘陵地帶，山上丘陵、崗地相間。其中西北的新安段地勢起伏較大，北坡陡峭，南坡較緩，嶺坡連綿，溝壑縱橫，地形切割嚴重。而孟津段、偃師段地勢起伏較為平緩。

植物資源

北邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)(shan)是洛陽牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹的(de)原生(sheng)地，陽春(chun)三月，北邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)(shan)遍山(shan)(shan)野花競相開(kai)放，如龍柏連翹、牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹、杜鵑等(deng)。北邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)(shan)面對黃(huang)河，松柏碧草間多(duo)清泉流溪(xi)。北邙(mang)(mang)山(shan)(shan)地勢高，陽光照射充足(zu)，晝夜溫差大，獨(du)特(te)的(de)小氣候造就了(le)極適宜(yi)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹生(sheng)長的(de)自(zi)然條件，所植牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹花朵大、花色艷、花期長，已形成(cheng)了(le)集科研(yan)、種植、觀賞、銷售(shou)于(yu)一體的(de)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹產(chan)業。

動物資源

北邙山的野生動物(wu)主要有(you)(you)草(cao)兔、蛇(she)等(deng)(deng)體(ti)積較(jiao)小的獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)(lei)、兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)等(deng)(deng)，鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)較(jiao)多常(chang)見的有(you)(you)麻雀、石雞、貓頭鷹、啄木鳥等(deng)(deng)。昆蟲有(you)(you)蝴(hu)蝶、蜻蜓、蟬(chan)、蜂(feng)、蠶、蜈蚣、蜘蛛、蝎子(zi)、蝸牛、螢(ying)火蟲、金龜子(zi)等(deng)(deng)。