馮金伯(1738~1810)清(qing)代書(shu)畫(hua)家(jia)、畫(hua)學(xue)史論家(jia)。一作(zuo)金柏,字冶堂,一作(zuo)冶亭,號南(nan)岑,一作(zuo)墨(mo)香(xiang),墨(mo)香(xiang)居士(shi)。江(jiang)蘇南(nan)匯(hui)(hui)(今(jin)屬(shu)上海市(shi))人。江(jiang)蘇南(nan)匯(hui)(hui)(今(jin)屬(shu)上海市(shi))人。年(nian)輕時(shi)(shi)愛好(hao)詩(shi)(shi)文書(shu)畫(hua),與同郡前輩交往。青年(nian)時(shi)(shi)為貢生,后(hou)(hou)官(guan)句(ju)容(rong)(rong)縣訓(xun)導,負責教育事務。貢生,官(guan)句(ju)容(rong)(rong)訓(xun)導,壯歲時(shi)(shi)游歷湖南(nan)、湖北(bei)、安徽(hui)等地,結識(shi)書(shu)畫(hua)名家(jia)王宸和(he)張敔,互(hu)相探究(jiu)畫(hua)理,在(zai)各(ge)地留(liu)心購求畫(hua)家(jia)作(zuo)品。歸家(jia)后(hou)(hou)常往來(lai)于杭州、嘉興、松江(jiang)、揚(yang)州一帶,搜訪(fang)畫(hua)家(jia)生平事跡,博采志書(shu)、文集、筆(bi)記,隨作(zuo)札記。乾隆四十年(nian)(1775)主(zhu)蒲陽書(shu)院。工詩(shi)(shi)古文詞,精鑒(jian)賞,好(hao)書(shu)畫(hua)。作(zuo)山水筆(bi)意瀟灑,尤其(qi)董其(qi)昌墨(mo)趣。書(shu)學(xue)米芾。著國(清(qing))朝畫(hua)識(shi)(書(shu)成于1792)、墨(mo)香(xiang)居畫(hua)識(shi)及詩(shi)(shi)鈔。
馮金(jin)伯(bo)(bo)一(yi)生著(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)甚豐,編有(you)總集(ji)(ji)《海(hai)(hai)曲(qu)(qu)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)》16卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)及《續(xu)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)》6卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《詞苑萃英》24卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《海(hai)(hai)曲(qu)(qu)詞鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)》、《海(hai)(hai)曲(qu)(qu)文鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)》,并(bing)著(zhu)(zhu)有(you)《墨香(xiang)居詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)》12卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),《南村詞略》、《墨香(xiang)居畫(hua)識(shi)》8卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《國朝畫(hua)識(shi)》17卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)、《峰泖煙(yan)云》、《鄉平錄(lu)》、《松事(shi)雜錄(lu)》、《云間遺事(shi)》、《云間歸話(hua)》、《五茸遺話(hua)》、《販書(shu)偶記》等(deng)(deng)著(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)15部(bu)、87卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。五十四歲時受南匯縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)知(zhi)事(shi)胡志熊之請,出(chu)任南匯縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歷(li)史上第二部(bu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志《南匯縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)新志》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主纂(zuan)人。馮金(jin)伯(bo)(bo)著(zhu)(zhu)手選(xuan)纂(zuan)《海(hai)(hai)曲(qu)(qu)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)》選(xuan),則更(geng)重視“以詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)存人”,他(ta)認為(wei)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)好,不論(lun)高(gao)官巨(ju)富,還(huan)是販夫走卒,均(jun)可(ke)入(ru)(ru)(ru)選(xuan),故(gu)自選(xuan)擇面極廣,風格各異,蔚然(ran)成(cheng)風。他(ta)非常認真地審訂(ding)每一(yi)篇(pian)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)稿(gao)。并(bing)征求詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)友們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見(jian)。清(qing)(qing)乾隆(long)六十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1795),他(ta)將(jiang)初選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)帶到句容訓導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任上,進一(yi)步審訂(ding)。足足花去了(le)(le)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寶貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晚(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時間。清(qing)(qing)嘉慶十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1806),馮金(jin)伯(bo)(bo)才借著(zhu)(zhu)回家省親的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會,將(jiang)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)稿(gao)同詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)友王誠、黃大昕、奚桂(gui)森、張大經(jing)等(deng)(deng)一(yi)起作(zuo)最后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)稿(gao)。第二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)臘月《海(hai)(hai)曲(qu)(qu)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)初集(ji)(ji)》問世(shi)。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),他(ta)又開始(shi)了(le)(le)《海(hai)(hai)曲(qu)(qu)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)二集(ji)(ji)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)纂(zuan),翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)告成(cheng)。此時馮金(jin)伯(bo)(bo)已是71歲高(gao)齡(ling)。兩集(ji)(ji)《海(hai)(hai)曲(qu)(qu)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)》共22卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),集(ji)(ji)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)270家、約(yue)1300首,涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時期前(qian)后(hou)長達700余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),而入(ru)(ru)(ru)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo),均(jun)是作(zuo)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表作(zuo),質量(liang)上乘。象這樣一(yi)部(bu)能反映一(yi)個地區全部(bu)歷(li)史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)選(xuan),在(zai)當時國內也是罕見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。兩集(ji)(ji)《海(hai)(hai)曲(qu)(qu)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)版,在(zai)東南地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文壇上產生了(le)(le)頗(po)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。《海(hai)(hai)曲(qu)(qu)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鈔(chao)(chao)(chao)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編纂(zuan),把南匯縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歷(li)代最優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)篇(pian)保(bao)留了(le)(le)下(xia)來,真乃功德無量(liang),馮金(jin)伯(bo)(bo)不愧是南匯縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)名杰出(chu)英才,為(wei)促進南匯縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展,立下(xia)了(le)(le)不可(ke)磨滅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功勛。他(ta)被載入(ru)(ru)(ru)《明清(qing)(qing)江蘇文人年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)表》。
畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)跡(ji)有(you)乾(qian)隆(long)六十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1795)作《碧梧山莊圖》軸(后流(liu)入(ru)日(ri)本)、嘉慶二(er)年(nian)(nian)作《幻園八景(jing)》冊頁(ye)(著錄(lu)于(yu)《愛日(ri)吟廬書(shu)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)續錄(lu)》)等(deng)。晚(wan)年(nian)(nian)注力于(yu)編(bian)著畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)家傳記(ji),嘉慶二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1797)編(bian)纂《國朝(chao)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)識》十(shi)(shi)七卷(juan),輯(ji)入(ru)清初至乾(qian)隆(long)年(nian)(nian)間畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)家一千余人,多系輯(ji)錄(lu)志書(shu)和文(wen)集。后又編(bian)著《墨香(xiang)居畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)識》十(shi)(shi)卷(juan),收錄(lu)自乾(qian)隆(long)十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(1752)至五十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(1788)三十(shi)(shi)余年(nian)(nian)間的近世畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)家七百七十(shi)(shi)余人,所(suo)記(ji)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)家是他結識或曾見(jian)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)跡(ji)者,于(yu)研究(jiu)乾(qian)隆(long)時期(qi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)史頗有(you)補益。晚(wan)年(nian)(nian)又工(gong)詞,曾刻《詞苑萃編(bian)》。又輯(ji)集邑中詩文(wen)為《海(hai)曲文(wen)鈔(chao)(chao)》、《墨香(xiang)居詩鈔(chao)(chao)》,未(wei)及刊印而(er)辭(ci)世。