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主要作品

李(li)春(chun)是中國隋代(dai)著名(ming)(ming)的橋梁(liang)工匠，舉(ju)世聞名(ming)(ming)的趙州橋就是他最偉大的杰(jie)作，這(zhe)個濃縮了(le)中華人民智(zhi)慧結(jie)晶的標志性橋梁(liang)，開(kai)創了(le)中國橋梁(liang)建造的嶄(zhan)新局面，為中國橋梁(liang)技術(shu)的發展作出了(le)巨大貢(gong)獻。

趙(zhao)州橋(qiao)(qiao)的敞(chang)肩(jian)圓(yuan)弧(hu)拱形式是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)勞(lao)動人(ren)(ren)民(min)的一大(da)創造，西方在14世紀才出現敞(chang)肩(jian)圓(yuan)弧(hu)石(shi)拱橋(qiao)(qiao)，已經(jing)比中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)晚了600多(duo)年。英國(guo)著名(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)科學(xue)(xue)技(ji)術史專家李約(yue)瑟博士在其(qi)(qi)巨(ju)著《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)科學(xue)(xue)技(ji)術史》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)曾經(jing)列舉了26項從1世紀到18世紀先后由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳到歐洲和(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)地區(qu)的科學(xue)(xue)技(ji)術成果，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的第18項就(jiu)是弧(hu)形拱橋(qiao)(qiao)。趙(zhao)州橋(qiao)(qiao)建成后成為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)北南交通(tong)的要沖，有“坦途箭直千人(ren)(ren)過，驛使馳(chi)驅(qu)萬國(guo)通(tong)”的美譽。舟船在橋(qiao)(qiao)下航(hang)行，人(ren)(ren)馬車輛從橋(qiao)(qiao)上駛過，大(da)大(da)方便了交通(tong)運輸和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)民(min)生活，為**河兩(liang)岸人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)來往(wang)提供了便利條(tiao)件。

這座(zuo)大橋自建成至(zhi)今已有1300多年(nian)(nian)，這期間經歷了8次(ci)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)地震的影響，8次(ci)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)戰爭的考(kao)驗(yan)；承受了無數(shu)次(ci)人畜車輛的重壓(ya)，飽經無數(shu)次(ci)風刀霜(shuang)劍、冰雪雨(yu)水的沖蝕(shi)，卻雄姿不(bu)減當年(nian)(nian)，仍巍然(ran)屹立在洨河(he)上(shang)(shang)。

解(jie)放以(yi)后，趙州(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)被列為全國(guo)(guo)重點文物保護單位(wei)，有關部門對這一古代大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)進行了(le)徹底維修，以(yi)保持(chi)其輝煌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史地(di)位(wei)。趙州(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)已(yi)成為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人民(min)聰明智慧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象征和進行愛國(guo)(guo)主義、歷(li)史主義教育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場所。趙州(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)成在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁史上具有重要影晌，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)跨(kua)度、圓弧(hu)拱(gong)、敝肩形式力以(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁建(jian)設開創了(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天地(di)。隋代以(yi)后，出現了(le)許多(duo)與趙州(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)相類似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)型拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)，已(yi)經發現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)有十幾座(zuo)，如山西崞縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普濟橋(qiao)(qiao)、晉城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景德橋(qiao)(qiao)、河北趙縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)永通橋(qiao)(qiao)、濟美橋(qiao)(qiao)等。趙州(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)已(yi)經成為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典范。

然(ran)而象趙(zhao)州橋(qiao)(qiao)這樣突(tu)出的技術成就和(he)象李(li)(li)春(chun)這樣杰(jie)出的橋(qiao)(qiao)梁專(zhuan)家(jia)，在(zai)封建社會中并不為封建統(tong)治者所重(zhong)視(shi)，甚至在(zai)史書中也沒有留下多(duo)少痕跡，我們除了(le)知(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)隋朝工匠李(li)(li)春(chun)設計建造了(le)這座舉世聞名的大橋(qiao)(qiao)外，其他卻一(yi)(yi)(yi)無所知(zhi)(zhi)，不能(neng)不說是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個很(hen)大的遺憾。但(dan)是(shi)即使如此我們仍然(ran)堅信：李(li)(li)春(chun)作(zuo)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁專(zhuan)家(jia)和(he)趙(zhao)州橋(qiao)(qiao)作(zuo)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)座歷史名橋(qiao)(qiao)將(jiang)永載祖(zu)國史冊，為后(hou)人所牢記(ji)。

貢獻影響

趙(zhao)州橋(qiao)的設(she)計在中國橋(qiao)梁(liang)技(ji)術史有(you)以(yi)下創(chuang)新：

1．采用(yong)圓弧(hu)拱(gong)(gong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式，改變了中國大(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)多為(wei)半圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)拱(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)傳統，中國古代(dai)石(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)拱(gong)(gong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)多為(wei)半圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種形(xing)(xing)(xing)式比(bi)較(jiao)優美、完(wan)整(zheng)，但也存(cun)在兩(liang)方面的(de)(de)(de)缺陷：一是交(jiao)通不(bu)(bu)便(bian)，半圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)拱(gong)(gong)用(yong)于跨(kua)度(du)比(bi)較(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)比(bi)較(jiao)合適，而(er)大(da)(da)跨(kua)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)選用(yong)半圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)拱(gong)(gong)，就會(hui)使拱(gong)(gong)頂(ding)很高(gao)，造(zao)成(cheng)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)高(gao)坡陡(dou)、車馬行(xing)人(ren)過橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)非常(chang)不(bu)(bu)便(bian)。二是施工(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)利，半圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)拱(gong)(gong)石(shi)(shi)砌石(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)腳手架就會(hui)很高(gao)，增加施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)危險性。為(wei)此，李春和工(gong)(gong)匠們一起創造(zao)性地采用(yong)了圓弧(hu)拱(gong)(gong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式，使石(shi)(shi)拱(gong)(gong)高(gao)度(du)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降低。趙州橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)主孔凈跨(kua)度(du)為(wei)37.02米(mi)，而(er)拱(gong)(gong)高(gao)只有7.25米(mi)，拱(gong)(gong)高(gao)和跨(kua)度(du)之比(bi)為(wei)1:5左右，這樣就實(shi)現(xian)了低橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面和大(da)(da)跨(kua)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)雙重目的(de)(de)(de)，橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面過渡平穩，車輛行(xing)人(ren)非常(chang)方便(bian)，而(er)且還具有用(yong)料省、施工(gong)(gong)方便(bian)等優點。當(dang)然圓弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)拱(gong)(gong)對(dui)兩(liang)端橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)基的(de)(de)(de)推力相應(ying)增大(da)(da)，需要對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)基的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)提出(chu)更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)要求。

2．采(cai)用敞(chang)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。這是(shi)李(li)春(chun)對(dui)(dui)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進行的(de)(de)(de)重大(da)(da)(da)(da)改進，把以(yi)往(wang)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁建筑中采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)改為(wei)敞(chang)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，即在大(da)(da)(da)(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兩端各設兩個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，靠近大(da)(da)(da)(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)腳的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)凈跨為(wei)3.8米(mi)(mi)，另(ling)一拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)凈跨為(wei)2.8米(mi)(mi)。這種(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)(jia)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)敞(chang)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具有優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)技術性能，首先可(ke)(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)泄洪(hong)(hong)能力(li)(li)(li)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)輕(qing)(qing)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)季節由于水(shui)量增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)而(er)產生的(de)(de)(de)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)對(dui)(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊力(li)(li)(li)。古代洨河(he)每逢(feng)汛期，水(shui)勢較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，對(dui)(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)泄洪(hong)(hong)能力(li)(li)(li)是(shi)個(ge)(ge)考驗，四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)分擔部分洪(hong)(hong)流(liu)，據(ju)計(ji)算(suan)四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)過水(shui)面積16%左右，大(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)降低洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)對(dui)(dui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)影響，提高大(da)(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)性。其次敞(chang)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)比實(shi)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)(ke)節省(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量土石材料，減(jian)(jian)(jian)輕(qing)(qing)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)自重，據(ju)計(ji)算(suan)四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)節省(sheng)石料26立方米(mi)(mi)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)輕(qing)(qing)自身(shen)重量700噸，從而(er)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身(shen)對(dui)(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臺(tai)和橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)基的(de)(de)(de)垂直(zhi)壓力(li)(li)(li)和水(shui)平推力(li)(li)(li)，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)固(gu)。第三增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)造(zao)型的(de)(de)(de)優(you)美，四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)均衡對(dui)(dui)稱，大(da)(da)(da)(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)構成一幅完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)畫，顯得(de)更加(jia)(jia)輕(qing)(qing)巧秀麗，體現建筑和藝術的(de)(de)(de)完整(zheng)統一。第四(si)(si)符合結構力(li)(li)(li)學理論，敞(chang)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)式結構在承(cheng)載(zai)時使(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁處于有利的(de)(de)(de)狀況，可(ke)(ke)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少主拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圈的(de)(de)(de)變形，提高了(le)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁的(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)載(zai)力(li)(li)(li)和穩(wen)定性。

3．單孔(kong)。中國(guo)古代的(de)(de)(de)傳統建(jian)筑(zhu)方法，一般比(bi)較(jiao)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)梁(liang)往(wang)往(wang)采用(yong)多孔(kong)形式(shi)，這樣每孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)跨(kua)度小、坡度平緩，便(bian)于修建(jian)。但是多孔(kong)橋(qiao)也(ye)有缺點，如(ru)橋(qiao)墩多，既(ji)不利于舟船航行，也(ye)妨(fang)礙洪(hong)水宣(xuan)泄；橋(qiao)墩長(chang)(chang)期受水流沖(chong)擊(ji)、侵蝕，天長(chang)(chang)日久容易塌毀。因此，李春在設計大橋(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)時候，采取了單孔(kong)長(chang)(chang)跨(kua)的(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)，河心不立(li)橋(qiao)墩，使石(shi)拱跨(kua)徑長(chang)(chang)達(da)37米(mi)之多。這是中國(guo)橋(qiao)梁(liang)史上的(de)(de)(de)空前創舉。

趙州(zhou)橋(qiao)不僅設(she)計獨特(te)，而且有(you)許多創造性(xing)。

1．橋址(zhi)選(xuan)擇比較(jiao)合理(li)，使橋基穩固(gu)牢靠(kao)。李春根據自己多年(nian)豐富的(de)(de)實踐經驗，經過嚴格周密勘(kan)查、比較(jiao)，選(xuan)擇了(le)(le)洨河兩岸較(jiao)為平(ping)直的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)建橋，這里(li)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)層是(shi)由(you)河水沖積(ji)而(er)成(cheng)，地(di)(di)層表面是(shi)久(jiu)經水流沖涮的(de)(de)粗(cu)砂層，以下(xia)是(shi)細石、粗(cu)石、細砂和粘土層。根據現代(dai)測算，這里(li)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)層每(mei)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)厘(li)米能夠承受4.5到(dao)6.6公(gong)斤的(de)(de)壓力，而(er)趙州(zhou)橋對地(di)(di)面的(de)(de)壓力為每(mei)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)厘(li)米5——6公(gong)斤，能夠滿足大(da)橋的(de)(de)要求。選(xuan)定橋址(zhi)后在上面建造地(di)(di)基和橋臺，建橋到(dao)如今，橋基僅(jin)下(xia)沉了(le)(le)5厘(li)米，說(shuo)明這里(li)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)層非常適(shi)合于建橋。

2．趙州橋(qiao)的(de)(de)砌(qi)(qi)置(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法新穎、施工修(xiu)理方(fang)(fang)便。李春就地(di)取材，選用附近州縣生(sheng)產的(de)(de)質地(di)堅硬(ying)的(de)(de)青灰色砂石(shi)作為建橋(qiao)石(shi)料，在石(shi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)砌(qi)(qi)置(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法上，均采(cai)用了縱向（順橋(qiao)方(fang)(fang)向）砌(qi)(qi)置(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法，就是整(zheng)(zheng)個大(da)橋(qiao)是由28道(dao)(dao)(dao)各自獨(du)(du)立(li)的(de)(de)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)券沿寬度方(fang)(fang)向并列組合而成，拱(gong)(gong)(gong)厚皆為1.03米，每券各自獨(du)(du)立(li)、單獨(du)(du)操(cao)作，相(xiang)當靈活，每券砌(qi)(qi)完(wan)(wan)全合攏后就成一道(dao)(dao)(dao)獨(du)(du)立(li)拼券，砌(qi)(qi)完(wan)(wan)一道(dao)(dao)(dao)供券，移動承(cheng)擔重量的(de)(de)“鷹架”，再砌(qi)(qi)另(ling)一道(dao)(dao)(dao)相(xiang)鄰拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。這種(zhong)砌(qi)(qi)法有很多優(you)點，它既可以節省制作“鷹架”所(suo)用的(de)(de)木材，便于移動；同(tong)時又利于橋(qiao)的(de)(de)維修(xiu)，一道(dao)(dao)(dao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)券的(de)(de)石(shi)塊(kuai)損壞(huai)了，只要嵌入新石(shi)，進(jin)行局(ju)部修(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)就行了，而不必對整(zheng)(zheng)個橋(qiao)進(jin)行調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)。

3．在(zai)保持大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)方(fang)面(mian)采(cai)(cai)取(qu)了(le)(le)(le)許(xu)多嚴(yan)密措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)。為了(le)(le)(le)加強各(ge)道(dao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)券(quan)(quan)(quan)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)聯(lian)系，使(shi)(shi)28道(dao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組(zu)成(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)整體(ti)，連接(jie)(jie)緊密牢固，李(li)春(chun)采(cai)(cai)取(qu)了(le)(le)(le)一系列技(ji)術措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)。1）每一拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)券(quan)(quan)(quan)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)了(le)(le)(le)下(xia)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)上(shang)窄、略有(you)(you)(you)(you)“收(shou)分”的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，使(shi)(shi)每個(ge)(ge)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)券(quan)(quan)(quan)向(xiang)里(li)傾斜，相互擠靠(kao)，增強其(qi)橫(heng)向(xiang)聯(lian)系，以(yi)防止(zhi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)向(xiang)外(wai)傾倒；在(zai)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)上(shang)也采(cai)(cai)用(yong)了(le)(le)(le)少量“收(shou)分”的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法，就是從橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)端到(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)頂(ding)逐漸收(shou)縮寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)，從最寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)9.6米收(shou)縮到(dao)9米，以(yi)加強大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)。2）在(zai)主券(quan)(quan)(quan)上(shang)均勻(yun)沿(yan)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)方(fang)向(xiang)設(she)置了(le)(le)(le)5個(ge)(ge)鐵(tie)拉(la)(la)(la)桿(gan)，穿過28道(dao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)券(quan)(quan)(quan)，每個(ge)(ge)拉(la)(la)(la)桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)端有(you)(you)(you)(you)半(ban)圓形(xing)桿(gan)頭(tou)露在(zai)石(shi)外(wai)，以(yi)夾(jia)住28道(dao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)券(quan)(quan)(quan)，增強其(qi)橫(heng)向(xiang)聯(lian)系。在(zai)4個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)也各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一根鐵(tie)拉(la)(la)(la)桿(gan)起(qi)同樣作(zuo)用(yong)。3）在(zai)靠(kao)外(wai)側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)道(dao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)上(shang)和兩(liang)(liang)端小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)蓋有(you)(you)(you)(you)護(hu)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)一層，以(yi)保護(hu)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)；在(zai)護(hu)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)設(she)有(you)(you)(you)(you)勾(gou)石(shi)6塊，勾(gou)住主拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)使(shi)(shi)其(qi)連接(jie)(jie)牢固。4）為了(le)(le)(le)使(shi)(shi)相鄰(lin)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)緊緊貼(tie)合(he)在(zai)一起(qi)，在(zai)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)外(wai)券(quan)(quan)(quan)相鄰(lin)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)之間都穿有(you)(you)(you)(you)起(qi)連接(jie)(jie)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“腰(yao)鐵(tie)”，各(ge)道(dao)券(quan)(quan)(quan)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)相鄰(lin)石(shi)塊也都在(zai)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)背穿有(you)(you)(you)(you)“腰(yao)鐵(tie)”，把拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)連鎖起(qi)來。而且每塊拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)面(mian)都鑿有(you)(you)(you)(you)細(xi)密斜紋，以(yi)增大(da)摩(mo)擦(ca)力，加強各(ge)券(quan)(quan)(quan)橫(heng)向(xiang)聯(lian)系。這些措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)取(qu)使(shi)(shi)整個(ge)(ge)大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)連成(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)緊密整體(ti)，增強了(le)(le)(le)整個(ge)(ge)大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)和可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)。