電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)[英語(yu)：Telephone，出自希臘語(yu)τ?λε（tēle，意(yi)為“遠”）和φων?（phōnē，意(yi)為“聲音”），舊譯德律風]是一種可以(yi)傳送與接收(shou)聲音的(de)遠程通信設備。早在(zai)18世紀歐洲已有(you)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)”一詞，用(yong)來指用(yong)線串成的(de)話(hua)筒（以(yi)線串起杯子）。電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)的(de)出現要歸功于亞歷山(shan)大·格拉漢(han)姆·貝(bei)爾(er)，早期電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)機的(de)原理為：說話(hua)聲音為空氣(qi)里的(de)復合(he)振動，可傳輸到固體(ti)上，通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖于導電(dian)(dian)(dian)金屬上傳遞。貝(bei)爾(er)于1876年3月申(shen)請了電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)的(de)專利權。
美國國會2002年6月15日269號決議確認(ren)安東尼奧·穆齊(qi)為電話的發(fa)(fa)(fa)明人。穆齊(qi)于1860年首次(ci)向(xiang)公眾展(zhan)示了(le)(le)他的發(fa)(fa)(fa)明，并在紐約的意大利語報紙上發(fa)(fa)(fa)表了(le)(le)關于這項發(fa)(fa)(fa)明的介紹。
歷史上(shang)對電(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)的改進和發明包括：碳粉話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)、人工(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)板、撥(bo)號(hao)盤、自(zi)動電(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)機、程控電(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)(huan)機、雙(shuang)音(yin)多(duo)頻撥(bo)號(hao)、語音(yin)數字(zi)采樣等。近年來的新技術包括：ISDN、DSL、網絡(luo)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、模擬(ni)移(yi)動電(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)和數字(zi)移(yi)動電(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)等。
這(zhe)一(yi)行業(ye)通常分(fen)為電話設備制造商和電話網絡運營(ying)商。在(zai)歷(li)史上，網絡運營(ying)商通常都(dou)擁(yong)有全國性的(de)壟(long)斷。近年(nian)(nian)來，隨著(zhu)全球電信市(shi)場(chang)的(de)開放和集成以及技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發(fa)展，逐漸出(chu)現多(duo)家運營(ying)商在(zai)同一(yi)市(shi)場(chang)競爭的(de)局面(mian)。例如，貝爾(er)系(xi)統(tong)，即AT&T的(de)下屬公司(si)(si)(si)曾擁(yong)有美(mei)國電話市(shi)場(chang)的(de)80%。1984年(nian)(nian)，由于美(mei)國司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)部反壟(long)斷訴(su)訟，貝爾(er)系(xi)統(tong)被迫分(fen)區成多(duo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)獨立的(de)地方貝爾(er)公司(si)(si)(si)。有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)說法(fa)可以說明這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)現象(xiang)：在(zai)AT&T未分(fen)區前，IBM是美(mei)國第(di)二大公司(si)(si)(si)。在(zai)AT&T分(fen)區成七個(ge)(ge)(ge)公司(si)(si)(si)后，IBM的(de)排名變成第(di)八名。
電話機是通過電信號雙(shuang)向傳輸話音的終(zhong)端設備。
歷史上對電(dian)話(hua)(hua)機的改進和發明包括(kuo)：碳粉(fen)話(hua)(hua)筒、電(dian)話(hua)(hua)人(ren)工(gong)交(jiao)換(huan)板、撥號盤、自動電(dian)話(hua)(hua)交(jiao)換(huan)機、程控(kong)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)交(jiao)換(huan)機、雙(shuang)音多頻撥號、語(yu)音數(shu)字采樣等。新技術包括(kuo)：ISDN、DSL、模(mo)擬(ni)移動電(dian)話(hua)(hua)和數(shu)字移動電(dian)話(hua)(hua)機等。
電話(hua)電源(yuan)線(xian)、電話(hua)線(xian)、收(shou)線(xian)開關、受話(hua)器、增音按鈕、送話(hua)器、本機號(hao)(hao)碼片(pian)、鈴(ling)聲及免(mian)(mian)提(ti)(ti)喇(la)叭、記憶代(dai)碼鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、記憶號(hao)(hao)碼片(pian)、數字(zi)按鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、記憶取出鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、記憶儲存鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、重撥鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、工(gong)作指示燈(deng)、免(mian)(mian)提(ti)(ti)鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、R鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、免(mian)(mian)提(ti)(ti)送話(hua)器、鈴(ling)聲調節開關、P/T開關、免(mian)(mian)提(ti)(ti)接收(shou)音量調節旋鈕。
電(dian)話通信(xin)是通過聲(sheng)能與電(dian)能相互(hu)轉換、并利用“電(dian)”這(zhe)個媒介來傳(chuan)輸(shu)語言的一種通信(xin)技術(shu)。兩個用戶要(yao)進行(xing)通信(xin)，最簡單的形(xing)式(shi)就是將兩部電(dian)話機用一對(dui)線路連接起來。
當發話(hua)者拿起電(dian)話(hua)機對著(zhu)送話(hua)器講話(hua)時，聲帶的振動(dong)激(ji)勵空氣(qi)振動(dong)，形成聲波。
聲波(bo)作用(yong)于送話器(qi)上，使之產(chan)生電(dian)流，稱為話音電(dian)流。
話音(yin)電流沿著線路(lu)傳(chuan)送到對(dui)方電話機的受話器內。
而受話器(qi)作用與(yu)送話器(qi)剛好相反(fan)——把電流轉(zhuan)化為聲波，通過(guo)空氣傳至人的耳朵中(zhong)。
這樣(yang)，就完成了最簡單的通話過程。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是美國人A.G.貝爾于(yu)1876年(nian)發明的(de)(de)。他用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)根導(dao)線連接兩(liang)個(ge)結構完全相同(tong)、在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵上(shang)裝有振(zhen)動(dong)膜片(pian)的(de)(de)送話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)(qi)和(he)受話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)(qi)，首先(xian)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)兩(liang)端(duan)通(tong)(tong)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。但通(tong)(tong)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)距離短(duan)、效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)低。1878年(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了炭精送話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)(qi)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)送話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)(qi)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)大(da)大(da)提高。受話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)(qi)結構也(ye)有改(gai)進(jin)。最早的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是磁(ci)石(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，靠(kao)自(zi)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手搖(yao)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發送呼(hu)叫信號(hao)(hao)。1880年(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)共(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，改(gai)由(you)共(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)集(ji)(ji)中供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，省去手播發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。1891年(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了旋(xuan)轉撥號(hao)(hao)盤式(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，它(ta)可以發出(chu)(chu)(chu)直流撥號(hao)(hao)脈沖(chong)，控(kong)制自(zi)動(dong)交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)作，選(xuan)擇(ze)被叫用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶，自(zi)動(dong)完成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)換(huan)功能(neng)。從而(er)(er)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)通(tong)(tong)信推向一個(ge)新(xin)階(jie)段。到(dao)20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代末期(qi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了按(an)鍵式(shi)(shi)(shi)全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。除脈沖(chong)發號(hao)(hao)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)，又出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了雙音(yin)多頻（DTMF）發號(hao)(hao)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)。隨(sui)著程控(kong)交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，雙音(yin)頻按(an)鍵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)已逐步普及。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)正在(zai)向集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)化邁進(jin)，話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)已廣泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)各組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部分。各種多功能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)特種用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)應運(yun)而(er)(er)生。到(dao)20世(shi)紀90年(nian)代初，已有了將撥號(hao)(hao)、通(tong)(tong)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、振(zhen)鈴三種功能(neng)集(ji)(ji)于(yu)一塊集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。隨(sui)著話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)音(yin)識別技術的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，直接用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)音(yin)“撥號(hao)(hao)”的(de)(de)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)正在(zai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。
最初的電(dian)(dian)話(hua)機(ji)（終端）是由(you)微(wei)型發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)和(he)電(dian)(dian)池構成(cheng)的磁石(shi)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)機(ji)，打電(dian)(dian)話(hua)時，使用(yong)者用(yong)手(shou)搖微(wei)型發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)發(fa)出電(dian)(dian)信號呼叫對方，對方啟機(ji)后構成(cheng)通(tong)話(hua)回路(lu)。后來，1877年(nian)愛迪生（T.E.Edison）發(fa)明(ming)了(le)碳素(su)送話(hua)器和(he)誘導線路(lu)后通(tong)話(hua)距(ju)離延長了(le)。同一年(nian)又發(fa)明(ming)了(le)共電(dian)(dian)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)機(ji)。1891年(nian)終于發(fa)展到A.B.Strowger發(fa)明(ming)了(le)自(zi)動式(shi)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)機(ji)。
電話機(ji)設置(zhi)在電話通信起點和終(zhong)(zhong)點的(de)用戶(hu)側，是電話網的(de)用戶(hu)終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)設備。現(xian)代的(de)電話機(ji)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)方便地(di)實(shi)現(xian)終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)用戶(hu)之(zhi)間的(de)呼叫和通話，是經過一百(bai)多(duo)年(nian)來(lai)許多(duo)人的(de)研究和無(wu)數次的(de)改(gai)進而形成的(de)。盡管它們的(de)式樣千差萬別，但一般都有(you)如(ru)下(xia)基本功(gong)能(neng)(neng)：
1、聲電互換
因為要進行(xing)快速的、遠距離的通信，不能(neng)直接傳送(song)聲(sheng)(sheng)音，而必須先把(ba)(ba)聲(sheng)(sheng)音變成電(dian)信號（即(ji)以電(dian)作為載體），到(dao)對(dui)方后再把(ba)(ba)電(dian)信號還(huan)原成為聲(sheng)(sheng)音。
2、摘機識別
當主叫方拿起電話(hua)機時，交(jiao)換機應有能知(zhi)道“有人要打電話(hua)”的功(gong)能，以便交(jiao)換機做(zuo)好接續準(zhun)備。
3、發送信號
自動(dong)電(dian)話機(ji)正是(shi)通過發送撥號信(xin)號來指揮電(dian)話交(jiao)換機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作，并進而建(jian)立兩個電(dian)話機(ji)之間(jian)的(de)連(lian)接的(de)。
4、響鈴
即在對方來電(dian)話時，電(dian)話機能以鈴聲(sheng)告訴(su)主人(ren)：“有人(ren)來電(dian)話了。”
5、電接續
電話(hua)機中，實(shi)現這五大功能(neng)的部件(jian)依次是：送受話(hua)器、叉簧、撥(bo)號盤(pan)（或按鍵盤(pan)）、電話(hua)鈴和電話(hua)回路。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)具有將終(zhong)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)波(bo)轉換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)信號(hao)(hao)，通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)線(xian)傳送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)到遠距離的(de)(de)(de)(de)對方(fang)(fang)，同時(shi)將對方(fang)(fang)傳送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)信號(hao)(hao)再生(sheng)為語(yu)音(yin)(yin)（音(yin)(yin)波(bo)），使其(qi)通(tong)話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能，以(yi)及發送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)可(ke)從多(duo)個對方(fang)(fang)中選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)(hao)（撥號(hao)(hao)脈沖），告知對方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)呼叫(jiao)音(yin)(yin)等功(gong)能。電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)由將語(yu)音(yin)(yin)轉換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)發送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)、將對方(fang)(fang)傳送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)還原為語(yu)音(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)、呼叫(jiao)對方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)撥號(hao)(hao)或按(an)鈕、發送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)呼叫(jiao)音(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鈴聲、將這些連接(jie)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)線(xian)上(shang)執行其(qi)功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)路網(wang)等組成。送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)內(nei)有裝(zhuang)滿碳素顆(ke)(ke)粒的(de)(de)(de)(de)小箱(xiang)子(zi)(zi)，其(qi)前(qian)方(fang)(fang)有薄硬鋁合(he)金(jin)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)。振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)根據語(yu)音(yin)(yin)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)碳素顆(ke)(ke)粒，碳素顆(ke)(ke)粒傳導電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，隨著顆(ke)(ke)粒的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸程(cheng)度，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻發生(sheng)變化(hua)，生(sheng)成語(yu)音(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。受(shou)話(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)接(jie)受(shou)對方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)音(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)后(hou)，在線(xian)圈上(shang)生(sheng)成語(yu)音(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁力，振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鐵振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)，發出聲音(yin)(yin)。
無線(xian)環路(lu)-無繩(sheng)電話
電話子母機
數字無繩電話
模擬無繩電話
移動電話手機
小靈通（無線電話）
隨著IT技術的不斷的飛速發展，嵌入式終端設備的處理(li)(li)能力越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)強，21世(shi)紀初出現(xian)了一種(zhong)帶個人數據助(zhu)理(li)(li)（PDA）的電(dian)話機“智(zhi)能電(dian)話”。
智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)除了(le)有(you)(you)完整的(de)固定電(dian)話(hua)(hua)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)外，通(tong)常(chang)還具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)大容量的(de)名(ming)片(pian)(pian)管理功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、來去電(dian)管理功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、防(fang)止電(dian)話(hua)(hua)騷(sao)擾（電(dian)話(hua)(hua)防(fang)火(huo)墻）功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、企業集團(tuan)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)名(ming)片(pian)(pian)（內部(bu)名(ming)片(pian)(pian)）管理功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，以(yi)及輔助辦公的(de)許多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，比如(ru)：日(ri)程安(an)排、便箋、日(ri)歷、計算(suan)器等功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。早期的(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)通(tong)過撥號上網，具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)一定的(de)信息交換能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，實現了(le)發送短信、接(jie)收文字信息的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。隨著固網智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)在中國近十年的(de)發展(zhan)，其(qi)處理能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)加(jia)強(qiang)，逐漸(jian)地增加(jia)了(le)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)手(shou)機（Smartphone）具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。
智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電話(hua)已有通過因特網(wang)上網(wang)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力及較強(qiang)的(de)多(duo)媒的(de)體(ti)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。可(ke)以進行(xing)網(wang)絡瀏覽、音視頻的(de)播放、具有電子書、電子相(xiang)框等(deng)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。同時智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電話(hua)在(zai)輔助辦公、輔助營銷(xiao)、娛樂等(deng)方面的(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)有了(le)大大的(de)加強(qiang)。在(zai)對傳統固定電話(hua)顛(dian)覆的(de)基礎上，實現了(le)更多(duo)的(de)商務(wu)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)PDA功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。
環境(jing)溫度：-10℃~40℃
相對濕度：45%~95%
大氣壓力(li)：860~1060mbar
環境噪聲：≤60dB(A)
1、工作(zuo)頻率：300~3400HZ
2、脈沖通斷比：1.6±0.2∶1
3、雙音頻撥號頻偏：≤±1.5%
4、雙(shuang)音頻(pin)(pin)信號電平：①低頻(pin)(pin)群：-9±3dB；②高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)群：-7±3dB；③頻(pin)(pin)率組(zu)合中高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)分量比低頻(pin)(pin)分量高(gao)(gao)2±1dB
5、振鈴(ling)聲級(ji)：≥70dB(A)
6、電聲性能：
①在0公(gong)里(li)時(shi)，客觀發(fa)送(song)(song)參(can)考當量(liang)≥+3；在3公(gong)里(li)時(shi)，客觀發(fa)送(song)(song)參(can)考當量(liang)≤+15；在5公(gong)里(li)時(shi)，客觀發(fa)送(song)(song)參(can)考當量(liang)≤+15。
②在(zai)0公(gong)里時(shi)，客(ke)觀(guan)接收(shou)參考(kao)當(dang)量≥－5；在(zai)3公(gong)里時(shi)，客(ke)觀(guan)接收(shou)參考(kao)當(dang)量≤+2；在(zai)5公(gong)里時(shi)，客(ke)觀(guan)接收(shou)摻(chan)考(kao)當(dang)量≤+2。
③在(zai)0公(gong)里(li)時，客觀側音(yin)參考當量(liang)≥+3；在(zai)3公(gong)里(li)時，客觀側音(yin)參考當量(liang)≥+10；在(zai)5公(gong)里(li)時，客觀側音(yin)參考當量(liang)≥+10。
高科技電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話機的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)都(dou)是(shi)隨(sui)著無線通信的(de)(de)發(fa)達而形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話機的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)趨勢經過Digital電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話機和(he)PCS后發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以用衛星(xing)通信的(de)(de)IMT-200服務。IMT-200支持信息的(de)(de)高速傳送，Packet，畫(hua)像等(deng)多媒體(ti)的(de)(de)服務，將來世界各個地(di)方(fang)都(dou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以使用所有(you)聲(sheng)音電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報用戶直通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，傳呼和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)郵件；隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)郵件的(de)(de)普及(ji)，網絡(luo)也日(ri)益化(hua)，網絡(luo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話已是(shi)不可(ke)(ke)(ke)阻擋的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)趨勢。現有(you)的(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話，已經不能提(ti)供(gong)人(ren)們的(de)(de)需要(yao)了。未來的(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話講裝備(bei)攝(she)像頭，帶有(you)色彩(cai)的(de)(de)液(ye)晶(jing)顯示(shi)器，我們在接固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話的(de)(de)時候，都(dou)能夠看到(dao)雙方(fang)。
精靈世界
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