棲息于沿岸、近海的大型鯊(sha)魚(yu)。經常(chang)出現于河口、港灣堤防外(wai)(wai)、珊(shan)瑚(hu)環礁、潟湖區、外(wai)(wai)洋島嶼外(wai)(wai)圍水域(yu)。具有在大洋中遷移(yi)的習性(xing)(xing)(xing),但(dan)并(bing)非(fei)大洋性(xing)(xing)(xing)魚(yu)種,同時也具有垂直洄(hui)游習性(xing)(xing)(xing),白天在深水域(yu)活(huo)動(dong),夜間則至水表層或淺水域(yu)捕食(shi)。性(xing)(xing)(xing)兇猛且貪婪,掠(lve)食(shi)海洋中的硬骨魚(yu)類(lei)、其它鯊(sha)魚(yu)、魟(hong)。
產地:國(guo)內分布:南海(hai), 東海(hai)和黃海(hai);國(guo)外分布:印(yin)度(du), 印(yin)度(du)尼西亞(ya), 澳洲海(hai)中。
體呈紡錘(chui)型(xing)(xing)(xing),軀干相當(dang)粗壯。頭(tou)寬(kuan)扁(bian)。尾(wei)基(ji)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)方各具(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)凹(ao)洼(wa)。吻(wen)短而(er)寬(kuan)圓(yuan)(yuan)。眼(yan)近(jin)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),瞬(shun)膜發(fa)達(da)。前(qian)鼻瓣短而(er)呈三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing);唇(chun)溝(gou)很長,上(shang)(shang)唇(chun)溝(gou)幾達(da)下(xia)(xia)唇(chun)溝(gou)之(zhi)兩倍長而(er)接(jie)近(jin)眼(yan)之(zhi)前(qian)角(jiao)(jiao)。口裂寬(kuan),深(shen)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),口閉時(shi)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)頜(he)緊合,不露齒(chi);上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)頜(he)齒(chi)同型(xing)(xing)(xing),寬(kuan)扁(bian)斜三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣具(ju)明顯鋸齒(chi),齒(chi)尖(jian)(jian)明顯外(wai)斜,外(wai)緣有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)凹(ao)刻(ke)(ke),凹(ao)刻(ke)(ke)下(xia)(xia)方具(ju)3-6小齒(chi)尖(jian)(jian),小齒(chi)尖(jian)(jian)之(zhi)外(wai)緣亦具(ju)明顯鋸齒(chi)。噴(pen)水孔裂縫(feng)狀,中小型(xing)(xing)(xing)。背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)2個,背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)存在明顯的隆脊(ji);尾(wei)柄隆脊(ji)不高,第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寬(kuan)大(da)(da),起點與胸鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)角(jiao)(jiao)相對(dui),后(hou)緣凹(ao)入,上(shang)(shang)角(jiao)(jiao)鈍(dun)(dun)尖(jian)(jian),下(xia)(xia)角(jiao)(jiao)尖(jian)(jian)突;第(di)二背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)小,起點在臀(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)起點之(zhi)前(qian),后(hou)緣入凹(ao),后(hou)角(jiao)(jiao)尖(jian)(jian)突;胸鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing),鐮刀(dao)形(xing)(xing)(xing),后(hou)緣凹(ao)入,外(wai)角(jiao)(jiao)鈍(dun)(dun)圓(yuan)(yuan),內(nei)角(jiao)(jiao)鈍(dun)(dun)圓(yuan)(yuan),鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)端伸達(da)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)底后(hou)端;尾(wei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寬(kuan)長,尾(wei)椎軸上(shang)(shang)揚,上(shang)(shang)葉位(wei)于近(jin)尾(wei)端,下(xia)(xia)葉前(qian)部(bu)顯著大(da)(da)三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)突出,中部(bu)低平延長,與后(hou)部(bu)間(jian)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)深(shen)缺(que)刻(ke)(ke),后(hou)部(bu)扁(bian)三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)微突出,與上(shang)(shang)葉分隔處亦具(ju)缺(que)刻(ke)(ke),尾(wei)端尖(jian)(jian)突。體背(bei)(bei)側(ce)灰褐色(se)(se)或(huo)青(qing)褐色(se)(se);腹側(ce)白色(se)(se)。體側(ce)和鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)具(ju)不規則褐色(se)(se)斑點,連成(cheng)許(xu)多縱行及橫行條約。卵胎(tai)生,每胎(tai)可產(chan)下(xia)(xia)80尾(wei)幼(you)鯊。
鼬鯊亦稱虎鯊、居(ju)維葉氏鼬鯊。真鯊科(Carcharhinidae)大型有潛在危險的種類,以貪婪、兇殘著名,常棲息在沿岸或港口區(qu),偶爾會進(jin)入(ru)河(he)口區(qu)
,攻(gong)擊性強,極具(ju)危險性,有攻(gong)擊人(ren)的(de)(de)紀錄(lu)。夜行(xing)性,屬(shu)肉食(shi)(shi)性。鼬(you)(you)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)雖然也被(bei)(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)虎(hu)(hu)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha),但是僅(jin)僅(jin)因為(wei)(wei)其兇(xiong)猛如虎(hu)(hu)而(er)被(bei)(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)虎(hu)(hu)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha),和真正的(de)(de)虎(hu)(hu)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)毫不(bu)相(xiang)干(gan),鼬(you)(you)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)屬(shu)于(yu)真鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)目,真鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)科(ke);虎(hu)(hu)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)則屬(shu)于(yu)虎(hu)(hu)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)目,虎(hu)(hu)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)科(ke),運動(dong)不(bu)活潑,以(yi)貝(bei)類和甲殼動(dong)物(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)食(shi)(shi)。 居(ju)氏鼬(you)(you)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)在進行(xing)攻(gong)擊時,會對獵物(wu)(wu)不(bu)停地反復(fu)攻(gong)擊,直到獵物(wu)(wu)死亡(wang)為(wei)(wei)止(zhi)。廣(guang)布(bu)於暖水海區,從近(jin)海到外海均可(ke)見到,最(zui)大的(de)(de)體長(chang)約(yue)可(ke)達5.5公尺(18呎(chi))。呈淡灰色(se)(se),幼魚(yu)(yu)(yu)具(ju)暗色(se)(se)斑點及(ji)橫帶塊。尾上(shang)葉長(chang)而(er)尖。牙大,邊緣有鋸(ju)齒,一(yi)側深凹(ao)。雜食(shi)(shi)性,有時毀壞魚(yu)(yu)(yu)網以(yi)及(ji)漁獲物(wu)(wu),以(yi)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)及(ji)其他鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)類、海龜、軟體動(dong)物(wu)(wu)、海鳥、動(dong)物(wu)(wu)屍體以(yi)及(ji)船上(shang)垃圾(ji)為(wei)(wei)食(shi)(shi),也曾吞過煤、馬口鐵罐(guan)、骨頭、衣物(wu)(wu)等。有一(yi)定(ding)經(jing)濟價值,是皮革、魚(yu)(yu)(yu)肝油的(de)(de)原料(liao)。
主(zhu)要以流(liu)刺(ci)網(wang)及延繩釣捕獲(huo),經(jing)濟價(jia)值高。肉質(zhi)佳(jia),可加工成(cheng)各種肉制品;鰭可做(zuo)魚翅(chi);皮厚可加工成(cheng)皮革;肝可加工制成(cheng)維(wei)他命(ming)及油;剩(sheng)余(yu)物制成(cheng)魚粉。
可(ke)做成魚(yu)漿、沙魚(yu)煙(yan)、魚(yu)排等,魚(yu)鰭可(ke)做成魚(yu)翅;魚(yu)皮(pi)(pi)可(ke)做成皮(pi)(pi)革,魚(yu)肝可(ke)做成魚(yu)肝油,是著名的(de)游釣魚(yu)種。