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基本介紹

成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)(dou)至(zhi)(zhi)貴(gui)陽(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)是我國西北、西南至(zhi)(zhi)華(hua)南的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)際(ji)快速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)新通道，全(quan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)515公里，總投資646億元，沿線多處于(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)山河(he)(he)谷(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶，地(di)(di)(di)(di)質情況差。整條鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)將(jiang)跨(kua)(kua)越大(da)渡(du)河(he)(he)、岷江、金(jin)沙(sha)江三大(da)河(he)(he)流，線路(lu)79%為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)隧(sui)，其中(zhong)正線橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)總計(ji)365座(zuo)(zuo)。因此，成(cheng)(cheng)貴(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“世界第一(yi)條山區(qu)(qu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)”。建成(cheng)(cheng)后，貴(gui)陽(yang)(yang)至(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)(dou)的(de)(de)火車時間將(jiang)由現在(zai)的(de)(de)12小(xiao)時左(zuo)右(you)縮(suo)短至(zhi)(zhi)3小(xiao)時。鴨池(chi)河(he)(he)特大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)貴(gui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)鐵(tie)(tie)6座(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)點橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)之(zhi)一(yi)，大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，建造(zao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)址構造(zao)復(fu)雜，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)典型的(de)(de)喀(ka)斯特高(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)、峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌類型。全(quan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)貴(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)鴨池(chi)河(he)(he)特大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)，拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)肋采(cai)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)砼(tong)(tong)結合拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)，拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上部分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)柱(zhu)式(shi)框(kuang)架墩(dun)，主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)單箱(xiang)三室預(yu)應力(li)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)(zuo)開挖深度44米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，挖方(fang)量7.54萬立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；單個拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)(zuo)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)體(ti)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.31萬立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，過渡(du)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)墩(dun)墩(dun)身(shen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度最高(gao)(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)67.52米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)至(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)面(mian)244米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。全(quan)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)需用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋9900噸(dun)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材12000噸(dun)，預(yu)應力(li)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)索780噸(dun)。峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)（鴨池(chi)河(he)(he)河(he)(he)谷(gu)(gu)）基本為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陡峻(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)斜(xie)坡及峭壁地(di)(di)(di)(di)形，谷(gu)(gu)頂高(gao)(gao)(gao)程大(da)致在(zai)1000～1100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)，其中(zhong)1100～1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)斜(xie)坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)形，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寬谷(gu)(gu)期地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌。1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)程以下以陡壁地(di)(di)(di)(di)形為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)(gu)期地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌，切(qie)深達170～300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，河(he)(he)谷(gu)(gu)狹窄、岸(an)坡陡峻(jun)(jun)，巖溶(rong)形態以巖溶(rong)洞(dong)穴為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，兩(liang)岸(an)溶(rong)洞(dong)及巖溶(rong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)具成(cheng)(cheng)層性分布特點。大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，跨(kua)(kua)徑(jing)布置為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：8×32.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)簡支箱(xiang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)+（32.7+2×61.75）米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi) T構梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)+（1-436）米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)中(zhong)承式(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)-砼(tong)(tong)結合拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)+（2×61.75+32.7）米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi) T構梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)+2×24.7 米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)簡支箱(xiang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。主(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)（1-436）米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)中(zhong)承式(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)-砼(tong)(tong)結合拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)肋采(cai)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)-砼(tong)(tong)結合拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)，拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上立(li)(li)柱(zhu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)柱(zhu)式(shi)框(kuang)架墩(dun)，主(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單箱(xiang)三室預(yu)應力(li)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。主(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)整體(ti)嵌巖基礎(chu)，拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)(zuo)基礎(chu)尺寸分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)60.0×28.5m×高(gao)(gao)(gao)30.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)(dou)側(ce))、50.0×28.5m×高(gao)(gao)(gao)26.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)（貴(gui)陽(yang)(yang)側(ce)）。主(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)過渡(du)墩(dun)直接(jie)支承在(zai)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)(zuo)基礎(chu)上，墩(dun)身(shen)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)薄壁空心墩(dun)，圓端形截面(mian)，四向(xiang)變(bian)坡，坡度1:40（橫向(xiang)）、1:35（縱向(xiang)），墩(dun)身(shen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度67.526米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。引橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)結構形式(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)（2×61.75+32.7）米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)預(yu)應力(li)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)T構和32.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、24.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)跨(kua)(kua)預(yu)應力(li)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)簡支箱(xiang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。如(ru)果只是橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和跨(kua)(kua)度，無(wu)論說起(qi)(qi)來、聽起(qi)(qi)來、看起(qi)(qi)來，規模都(dou)(dou)算不上太大(da)。之(zhi)所以被冠以“特大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”之(zhi)名(ming)，是因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)它(ta)的(de)(de)主(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)跨(kua)(kua)徑(jing)436米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)承式(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)混(hun)(hun)結合拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)，這種橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)型和跨(kua)(kua)度，在(zai)中(zhong)承式(shi)雙(shuang)線鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)是首例，讓它(ta)當之(zhi)無(wu)愧地(di)(di)(di)(di)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了成(cheng)(cheng)貴(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)全(quan)線橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工程僅有的(de)(de)兩(liang)個控制性工程之(zhi)一(yi)。

建筑特色

鴨池河特大(da)橋(qiao)之特，在(zai)于無先例可以參考，難(nan)在(zai)無經(jing)驗可以借鑒，難(nan)在(zai)桁架提籃(lan)拱拱肋(lei)結構(gou)復(fu)雜，拱肋(lei)制(zhi)造、拼裝精度要(yao)求(qiu)高，拱肋(lei)外包混凝土技術要(yao)求(qiu)高，線形控制(zhi)難(nan)度大(da)。

由于(yu)技(ji)術(shu)含量太高，相關(guan)部門(men)(men)專(zhuan)門(men)(men)開展了主橋抗(kang)風性(xing)能、鋼(gang)砼結合拱(gong)肋構造、拱(gong)座大體積(ji)混(hun)凝土(tu)施工技(ji)術(shu)、拱(gong)肋鋼(gang)結構預埋件(jian)安裝及(ji)定位施工技(ji)術(shu)、大跨大噸位纜(lan)索(suo)設計及(ji)扣掛施工技(ji)術(shu)、吊掛法(fa)現澆(jiao)拱(gong)圈(quan)內(nei)主梁施工技(ji)術(shu)、大跨度(du)拱(gong)橋吊桿(gan)安裝及(ji)張拉(la)控制技(ji)術(shu)等(deng)多項(xiang)專(zhuan)題研究，全方位確保大橋的順利施工。

鴨(ya)池河特大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)10號、11號橋(qiao)(qiao)墩是制約全橋(qiao)(qiao)工程進度的(de)關鍵控制點。為確(que)保全橋(qiao)(qiao)總體工程進度，負責施工的(de)中鐵大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)局(ju)成貴鐵路(lu)5標第三項目分(fen)部(bu)，從今年3月14日開始，組織了(le)大(da)干100天暨“六(liu)比六(liu)創”大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)杯勞動競(jing)賽活(huo)動。擬通(tong)過(guo)勞動競(jing)賽的(de)形式，全面(mian)調(diao)動干部(bu)職工的(de)積極性，確(que)保5月25日前完成扣塔拼裝(zhuang)，6月25日前完成纜(lan)塔拼裝(zhuang)。

據中(zhong)鐵大橋(qiao)局施工(gong)(gong)(gong)負責人介紹(shao)，目前大橋(qiao)拱肋首節定位支架已經完成(cheng)，預(yu)計5月25日完成(cheng)拱座預(yu)留槽及拱腳混凝(ning)土(tu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，6月17日前完成(cheng)墩(dun)身工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。

活動及其他

這是一個不(bu)一樣的(de)地(di)方，山美(mei)，水(shui)美(mei)，人(ren)更美(mei)！山會(hui)讓你嘆，水(shui)會(hui)讓你醉，人(ren)會(hui)讓你戀！鴨池河的(de)景致會(hui)讓你難忘(wang)：山勝(sheng)似三峽，水(shui)勝(sheng)似漓(li)江！在索風(feng)營電站(zhan)上游(you)大約8公里(li)的(de)地(di)方，黔西縣鐵石鄉米(mi)新寨村與清鎮市暗(an)流鎮沙男村隔河相望，陡峭的(de)山勢(shi)和深(shen)切的(de)峽谷(gu)，既為兩岸帶(dai)來了美(mei)麗的(de)風(feng)光，也(ye)帶(dai)來了諸多的(de)不(bu)便，比如交通。

當然，不便(bian)都是過去的事。現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)，因為成貴(gui)鐵路(lu)鴨池河(he)特大(da)橋的存在(zai)(zai)(zai)，這里(li)的風光(guang)更加瑰麗，交通狀況也正在(zai)(zai)(zai)改變。

事實上，建設(she)者們燦爛(lan)笑容的(de)背后(hou)，也(ye)(ye)意味著這(zhe)條(tiao)拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)修(xiu)建克服了種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)困難。一(yi)座承載高速(su)鐵(tie)路(lu)的(de)山區拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)，鋼拱(gong)肋的(de)架設(she)必須(xu)采用纜索吊機“斜拉扣掛”法(fa)施工(gong)(gong)，需(xu)要一(yi)邊安裝(zhuang)拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)拱(gong)肋，一(yi)邊建一(yi)座斜拉橋(qiao)(qiao)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)施工(gong)(gong)方法(fa)要求纜索吊機必須(xu)足夠大(da)(da)，足夠高。“這(zhe)是我們中鐵(tie)大(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)局為(wei)大(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)建設(she)自主(zhu)研發、設(she)計(ji)的(de)大(da)(da)型起重(zhong)裝(zhuang)備纜索吊，目前是我國(guo)同類型中最大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)橫(heng)移(yi)式纜索吊，其單(dan)次吊重(zhong)最大(da)(da)單(dan)件吊裝(zhuang)重(zhong)量270噸，也(ye)(ye)刷新(xin)了國(guo)內同類起重(zhong)設(she)備施工(gong)(gong)紀(ji)錄。”施工(gong)(gong)現場相(xiang)關負責(ze)人(ren)介紹。

建設的難度和技術的先進，從另一(yi)組數據就可以看(kan)得出，纜(lan)索吊(diao)(diao)(diao)機(ji)跨徑460米、吊(diao)(diao)(diao)重240噸(dun)，相當(dang)于同時吊(diao)(diao)(diao)起(qi)70頭成年大象(xiang)；吊(diao)(diao)(diao)機(ji)塔架(jia)184米，吊(diao)(diao)(diao)機(ji)頂距(ju)水面(mian)344米，相當(dang)于115層樓(lou)高(gao)(gao)。拱(gong)肋一(yi)節節越架(jia)越高(gao)(gao)，最(zui)后高(gao)(gao)度距(ju)水面(mian)270米。也就是說，施工面(mian)基(ji)本(ben)都在300米左右的高(gao)(gao)空。

實(shi)際上，這(zhe)座(zuo)橋梁創下的紀錄遠不止(zhi)這(zhe)些。因為(wei)橋址處地(di)質情(qing)況為(wei)典型(xing)(xing)的喀斯特高原(yuan)、峽谷(gu)地(di)貌類(lei)型(xing)(xing)，河(he)道兩岸巖(yan)崖(ya)陡峭，地(di)勢險峻，有(you)部分巖(yan)崖(ya)與河(he)面夾角甚(shen)至達(da)到90度。為(wei)了(le)解決這(zhe)一(yi)難題(ti)，設計方經(jing)過(guo)科學計算(suan)和(he)反復論證，創新(xin)地(di)提出了(le)中(zhong)承式空腹鋼(gang)(gang)混(hun)結(jie)合(he)提籃拱橋的橋型(xing)(xing)方案，是(shi)世界上首(shou)座(zuo)用于雙(shuang)線高速鐵路上的中(zhong)承式空腹鋼(gang)(gang)混(hun)結(jie)合(he)提籃拱橋。