秋霞圃,東鄰秋霞公寓,西毗陸儼少藝術院,南連東大街,北依啟良路。秋霞圃是一座具有獨特風格的明代園林,由三座私家園林明代龔氏園、沈氏園、金氏園和邑廟(城隍廟)合并而成。全園面積45.36畝,分為四個景區:桃花潭景區(原龔氏園)、凝霞閣景區(原沈氏園)、清鏡塘景區(原金氏園)及邑廟景區。秋霞圃布局精致、環境幽雅,小巧玲瓏,景物與色彩的變化都不大,好像籠罩著一層淡淡的秋意,讓人充滿著詩情畫意的遐想。秋霞圃與松江醉白(bai)池、上(shang)海豫園(yuan)(yuan)、南翔(xiang)古(gu)漪園(yuan)(yuan)、青浦曲(qu)水園(yuan)(yuan)并(bing)稱(cheng)為上(shang)海五大古(gu)典園(yuan)(yuan)林,園(yuan)(yuan)內建(jian)(jian)筑大多建(jian)(jian)于明代,而邑廟(miao)則(ze)可(ke)以上(shang)溯至宋代,如果按其中的邑廟(miao)部分的始建(jian)(jian)時(shi)間推算,可(ke)稱(cheng)為五大園(yuan)(yuan)林中古(gu)老的園(yuan)(yuan)林。
桃(tao)花潭(tan)(tan)景區在園之(zhi)西(xi)南,占地8畝,約5400平方(fang)米(mi),東臨賓藻風香室,西(xi)靠歸家(jia)弄,南以(yi)院(yuan)墻為界,北(bei)至清鏡塘。景區以(yi)桃(tao)花潭(tan)(tan)為中心,南北(bei)兩山(shan)(shan)隔潭(tan)(tan)相望,山(shan)(shan)石(shi)亭(ting)臺互(hu)為襯景。南有晚香居、霽霞閣、池上草堂、儀慰廳,西(xi)有叢(cong)桂軒,北(bei)有即山(shan)(shan)亭(ting)、碧光亭(ting)、延綠軒、碧梧軒、觀水(shui)(shui)(shui)亭(ting),它們或筑于(yu)山(shan)(shan)上,或構(gou)于(yu)潭(tan)(tan)邊。遠近高低(di)、前(qian)后左(zuo)右,主次分明,疏密相宜。桃(tao)花潭(tan)(tan)南北(bei)兩山(shan)(shan)對峙,南山(shan)(shan)峭壁聳崎,北(bei)山(shan)(shan)渾厚(hou)見長。沿潭(tan)(tan)茂林(lin)修竹,斷岸滴泉,臨水(shui)(shui)(shui)曲(qu)徑,低(di)欄板橋。可(ke)謂山(shan)(shan)具丘(qiu)壑之(zhi)美,水(shui)(shui)(shui)攬幽(you)邃之(zhi)勝。雖由人作,宛自天開。是典型的中國自然山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)園林(lin)。
凝霞(xia)閣(ge)景(jing)區(qu)在園(yuan)之東(dong)部(bu),原為(wei)沈氏園(yuan)舊址,西鄰桃花潭景(jing)區(qu),東(dong)止于園(yuan)墻,南(nan)聯邑廟景(jing)區(qu),北(bei)依(yi)清鏡(jing)塘,占地4畝,約2700平方米。景(jing)區(qu)建筑密集,以(yi)太湖石堆砌的大屏山(shan)為(wei)中(zhong)心,北(bei)有凝霞(xia)閣(ge),南(nan)有聊淹堂(tang)、游騁(cheng)堂(tang)、彤軒(xuan)、亦(yi)是軒(xuan),東(dong)有扶疏堂(tang)、環翠軒(xuan)、覓句廊,西有屏山(shan)堂(tang)、數雨(yu)齋、閑研齋、依(yi)依(yi)小榭(xie)等。區(qu)內(nei)多院(yuan)(yuan)組合,院(yuan)(yuan)廊相連(lian),曲折深(shen)邃。院(yuan)(yuan)墻多置漏(lou)窗,院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)孤植(zhi)樹木(mu)和(he)叢植(zhi)花草,步移(yi)景(jing)異,若隱若現。
邑廟景(jing)區(qu)在位于園(yuan)東南,北連凝霞(xia)閣景(jing)區(qu),西(xi)北鄰(lin)桃(tao)花(hua)潭景(jing)區(qu),南及東南為(wei)(wei)(wei)職工生活區(qu),東西(xi)兩面為(wei)(wei)(wei)圍墻,面積4畝,約2700平(ping)方米(mi)。殿建筑宏偉(wei)、高大(da),結(jie)構(gou)獨特(te),系(xi)上海地區(qu)保存最為(wei)(wei)(wei)完整的(de)邑廟。
清(qing)鏡(jing)塘景(jing)區(qu)在園(yuan)之北部,為金氏園(yuan)遺址(zhi),北、東、西(xi)三面(mian)為園(yuan)墻,南(nan)與(yu)桃花(hua)潭、凝霞閣兩(liang)景(jing)區(qu)相鄰,面(mian)積20畝,約1.35萬平方米。清(qing)鏡(jing)塘橫臥(wo)于(yu)南(nan)面(mian),塘北與(yu)東有(you)三隱(yin)堂、柳云(yun)(yun)居(ju)、秋水軒、清(qing)軒,西(xi)有(you)青松嶺(ling)、歲寒亭(ting)(ting)、補亭(ting)(ting)。柳云(yun)(yun)居(ju)前遍(bian)植垂(chui)柳,綠云(yun)(yun)疊翠(cui)。青松嶺(ling)上(shang)青松、紅楓、白玉蘭、臘梅布局有(you)致。景(jing)區(qu)以清(qing)鏡(jing)塘貫穿(chuan)東西(xi),植物(wu)景(jing)觀(guan)為主體,疏朗開(kai)闊。亭(ting)(ting)榭(xie)、林木、花(hua)徑、溪塘、山丘、護(hu)岸或(huo)敞或(huo)蔽、或(huo)大或(huo)小、或(huo)明或(huo)暗,變化(hua)無窮,具有(you)濃郁(yu)的村野氣息,與(yu)建筑緊(jin)湊的凝霞閣景(jing)區(qu)形(xing)成(cheng)強烈的反差,一疏一密,各(ge)具其趣。
可(ke)(ke)乘(cheng)坐(zuo)上海地鐵11號線至(zhi)嘉(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)北站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),出站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)后可(ke)(ke)乘(cheng)坐(zuo)嘉(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)1路(lu)、嘉(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)10路(lu)、嘉(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)12路(lu)等公(gong)交,乘(cheng)坐(zuo)至(zhi)嘉(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)中醫醫院站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)下(xia)車后,步(bu)行(xing)約百余米可(ke)(ke)到達秋霞圃。
乘坐滬嘉線(人民廣場~嘉定汽車客運中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin))、滬錢線(xian)(威海(hai)路(lu)延安(an)中(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)口~嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)客(ke)運(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin))、新嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)線(xian)(上海(hai)火車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)~嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)客(ke)運(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin))、北嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)線(xian)(上海(hai)北區(qu)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)~嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)客(ke)運(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin))、滬唐(tang)線(xian)(上海(hai)火車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)~嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)區(qu)唐(tang)行(xing)鎮)、西嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)線(xian)(上海(hai)西區(qu)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)~嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)客(ke)運(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin))、北安(an)線(xian)(普陀(tuo)區(qu)鎮坪路(lu)~嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)區(qu)安(an)亭鎮)、淞嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)線(xian)(吳(wu)淞碼頭(tou)~嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)客(ke)運(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin))等可達(da)嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)鎮汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan),出汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)后(hou)沿城(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)直(zhi)走(zou)至(zhi)城(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)右轉直(zhi)走(zou),過博樂路(lu)即達(da)秋霞(xia)圃。另(ling)外(wai)在汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)乘嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)羅線(xian)到(dao)博樂路(lu)下(xia)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)也可到(dao)達(da)孔廟。
延安路(lu)(lu)高(gao)架-S20外環(huan)高(gao)速(su)公路(lu)(lu)-S5滬嘉(jia)高(gao)速(su)公路(lu)(lu)-嘉(jia)定鎮博(bo)樂南路(lu)(lu)-博(bo)樂路(lu)(lu)-到東大街右(you)轉(zhuan)即到。
龔(gong)(gong)(gong)氏(shi)園(yuan)始建(jian)的確切年(nian)(nian)代(dai)已(yi)難稽(ji)考。若系龔(gong)(gong)(gong)天定(ding)在城(cheng)內(nei)創(chuang)設北府書院時建(jian),可(ke)上溯至南(nan)宋后葉;若系龔(gong)(gong)(gong)天定(ding)侄(zhi)孫龔(gong)(gong)(gong)弘始建(jian),可(ke)能(neng)是在明成(cheng)化(hua)十四年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1478年(nian)(nian))龔(gong)(gong)(gong)弘考中(zhong)進士之(zhi)后,也可(ke)能(neng)在明弘治十五年(nian)(nian)(1502年(nian)(nian))龔(gong)(gong)(gong)弘辭官返鄉居(ju)住十三年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)時。龔(gong)(gong)(gong)弘官至工部(bu)尚書,顯赫一時,龔(gong)(gong)(gong)氏(shi)園(yuan)縱(zong)使(shi)由龔(gong)(gong)(gong)家先祖(zu)草創(chuang),成(cheng)園(yuan)則是龔(gong)(gong)(gong)弘,他于明嘉靖五年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1526年(nian)(nian))去世,這是龔(gong)(gong)(gong)氏(shi)園(yuan)建(jian)園(yuan)的下限。
嘉靖年(nian)(nian)間,龔(gong)弘(hong)曾孫(sun)龔(gong)敏(min)卿敗落,曾于三十四年(nian)(nian)(公元1555年(nian)(nian))把花園售給徽州(zhou)鹽商汪某,萬歷元年(nian)(nian)(公元1573年(nian)(nian))龔(gong)敏(min)卿子錫(xi)爵鄉試中(zhong)舉(ju),汪某將宅第(di)歸還原主(zhu)。
清順治二年(nian)(公元1645年(nian)),嘉定慘遭清軍(jun)三屠(tu),龔氏(shi)后(hou)裔(yi)龔孫玹(xuan)、龔用圓、龔用廣等參加侯峒曾(ceng)、黃淳(chun)耀兩先生帶領的抗清斗(dou)爭(zheng),城(cheng)破(po)后(hou)以身殉節(jie),龔家(jia)又趨敗(bai)落,宅(zhai)第僅(jin)剩兩堵危墻(qiang)。嗣后(hou),宅(zhai)基地與后(hou)園(yuan)由汪某后(hou)裔(yi)辟為(wei)秋霞圃,俗(su)稱汪氏(shi)園(yuan),園(yuan)中有松風(feng)嶺、鶯語(yu)堤、寒(han)香室、百(bai)五臺、歲(sui)寒(han)徑、層云石(shi)、數(shu)雨齋(zhai)、桃花(hua)潭、題(ti)青渡、灑雪(xue)廊(lang)等十景。
清雍正四(si)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1726年(nian))汪(wang)家把花園(yuan)(yuan)捐(juan)給城隍廟作(zuo)靈苑(yuan)。乾隆(long)二十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1759年(nian)),東邊的沈氏(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)也由申氏(shi)歸并城隍廟,并與秋霞(xia)圃合(he)并,成為(wei)城隍廟后(hou)花園(yuan)(yuan)。后(hou)多次遭破壞,現存建筑多系同(tong)治(zhi)元(yuan)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1862年(nian))以后(hou)重(zhong)建。
邑(yi)廟(miao)始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)宋嘉(jia)定年(nian)間(公元(yuan)1208~1224年(nian)),舊址(zhi)在南門(men)富安坊(今李家弄(nong)舊址(zhi)),明洪武三(san)年(nian)(公元(yuan)1370年(nian))移建(jian)于(yu)此。
沈(shen)(shen)氏(shi)園(yuan)在(zai)龔氏(shi)園(yuan)東側,系明末(mo)萬歷、天啟年(nian)間(jian)秀才(cai)沈(shen)(shen)弘正所(suo)筑,時(shi)有扶疏(shu)堂、權舟、聊淹(yan)堂、開(kai)襟樓、閑研齋(zhai)、籟隱(yin)山房、覓句廊、洗(xi)句亭、游騁堂、涉趣橋等景,門額“十畝之間(jian)”系明末(mo)書(shu)畫名(ming)家董其昌所(suo)書(shu)。此(ci)園(yuan)后歸申氏(shi),清乾隆年(nian)間(jian)(公元1736~1795年(nian))間(jian)修復,并(bing)與(yu)龔氏(shi)園(yuan)合(he)并(bing),與(yu)城(cheng)隍廟(miao)連為(wei)一體成為(wei)廟(miao)園(yuan),此(ci)時(shi)始(shi)定名(ming)為(wei)秋霞圃,也有城(cheng)隍園(yuan)之名(ming)流傳。
金氏園(yuan)在龔氏園(yuan)北,嘉靖年間金翊所建。萬歷十年金翊孫金兆登(deng)中舉時,園(yuan)中有柳云(yun)居、止(zhi)舫(fang)、霽(ji)霞閣、冬榮(rong)館諸景。