秋霞圃,東鄰秋霞公寓,西毗陸儼少藝術院,南連東大街,北依啟良路。秋霞圃是一座具有獨特風格的明代園林,由三座私家園林明代龔氏園、沈氏園、金氏園和邑廟(城隍廟)合并而成。全園面積45.36畝,分為四個景區:桃花潭景區(原龔氏園)、凝霞閣景區(原沈氏園)、清鏡塘景區(原金氏園)及邑廟景區。秋霞圃布局精致、環境幽雅,小巧玲瓏,景物與色彩的變化都不大,好像籠罩著一層淡淡的秋意,讓人充滿著詩情畫意的遐想。秋霞圃與(yu)松江醉白池、上海豫園、南翔古漪園、青(qing)浦曲水園并稱(cheng)為上海五大(da)古典園林,園內建筑大(da)多(duo)建于明代,而邑(yi)廟(miao)(miao)則(ze)可以上溯至宋代,如(ru)果按其中的邑(yi)廟(miao)(miao)部(bu)分(fen)的始建時間推算,可稱(cheng)為五大(da)園林中古老的園林。
桃(tao)花(hua)潭(tan)景區在(zai)園之(zhi)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan),占地8畝,約5400平方米,東臨(lin)(lin)賓(bin)藻風香室,西(xi)(xi)靠歸家弄,南(nan)(nan)(nan)以院墻為(wei)(wei)界,北至清鏡塘(tang)。景區以桃(tao)花(hua)潭(tan)為(wei)(wei)中心,南(nan)(nan)(nan)北兩(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)隔潭(tan)相望,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)亭臺互為(wei)(wei)襯景。南(nan)(nan)(nan)有晚香居、霽霞閣、池上(shang)草堂、儀慰(wei)廳,西(xi)(xi)有叢桂軒,北有即山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)亭、碧光亭、延綠軒、碧梧(wu)軒、觀(guan)水(shui)亭,它們或筑于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang),或構于潭(tan)邊。遠(yuan)近高低、前后左右,主次(ci)分(fen)明,疏密(mi)相宜。桃(tao)花(hua)潭(tan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北兩(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)對峙(zhi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峭壁聳崎,北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)渾(hun)厚見長。沿(yan)潭(tan)茂(mao)林(lin)修(xiu)竹,斷岸滴泉,臨(lin)(lin)水(shui)曲徑(jing),低欄板橋。可謂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)具丘壑之(zhi)美,水(shui)攬幽邃之(zhi)勝。雖由人(ren)作(zuo),宛自天開。是典型的中國自然山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)園林(lin)。
凝(ning)(ning)霞閣景區在園之東(dong)部,原為沈(shen)氏園舊址(zhi),西鄰桃花潭景區,東(dong)止于園墻,南(nan)聯邑廟景區,北依(yi)(yi)(yi)清鏡(jing)塘(tang),占地4畝,約(yue)2700平方米。景區建筑密集(ji),以太湖石(shi)堆砌的(de)大(da)屏(ping)山為中心,北有凝(ning)(ning)霞閣,南(nan)有聊淹堂(tang)、游騁堂(tang)、彤軒、亦是(shi)軒,東(dong)有扶疏堂(tang)、環翠軒、覓(mi)句(ju)廊,西有屏(ping)山堂(tang)、數雨齋、閑研齋、依(yi)(yi)(yi)依(yi)(yi)(yi)小榭(xie)等(deng)。區內(nei)多(duo)院(yuan)(yuan)組合(he),院(yuan)(yuan)廊相連,曲折深邃(sui)。院(yuan)(yuan)墻多(duo)置(zhi)漏(lou)窗,院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)孤植(zhi)樹木和叢植(zhi)花草,步(bu)移景異,若隱若現。
邑(yi)廟(miao)景區(qu)在位于園(yuan)東(dong)(dong)南(nan),北(bei)連凝(ning)霞(xia)閣景區(qu),西北(bei)鄰桃(tao)花潭景區(qu),南(nan)及東(dong)(dong)南(nan)為(wei)(wei)職(zhi)工生(sheng)活區(qu),東(dong)(dong)西兩面(mian)為(wei)(wei)圍墻(qiang),面(mian)積4畝,約(yue)2700平方米。殿建筑(zhu)宏偉、高大,結構獨(du)特(te),系上海地區(qu)保存最為(wei)(wei)完整的邑(yi)廟(miao)。
清(qing)鏡塘(tang)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)在園(yuan)之北部,為(wei)金(jin)氏園(yuan)遺址,北、東(dong)、西(xi)三面為(wei)園(yuan)墻,南與(yu)桃花潭、凝(ning)霞(xia)閣兩景(jing)(jing)區(qu)相鄰(lin),面積20畝,約(yue)1.35萬平(ping)方米。清(qing)鏡塘(tang)橫臥于南面,塘(tang)北與(yu)東(dong)有(you)三隱堂、柳云(yun)居、秋水軒(xuan)、清(qing)軒(xuan),西(xi)有(you)青松嶺、歲寒(han)亭(ting)、補亭(ting)。柳云(yun)居前遍(bian)植垂(chui)柳,綠云(yun)疊(die)翠。青松嶺上青松、紅楓、白玉(yu)蘭、臘梅布局有(you)致。景(jing)(jing)區(qu)以清(qing)鏡塘(tang)貫穿東(dong)西(xi),植物景(jing)(jing)觀為(wei)主體,疏朗開(kai)闊(kuo)。亭(ting)榭、林木(mu)、花徑、溪塘(tang)、山丘、護岸或(huo)敞或(huo)蔽、或(huo)大或(huo)小、或(huo)明或(huo)暗,變化無窮(qiong),具有(you)濃郁的村野氣(qi)息(xi),與(yu)建筑緊湊的凝(ning)霞(xia)閣景(jing)(jing)區(qu)形成強烈(lie)的反差,一(yi)疏一(yi)密,各(ge)具其(qi)趣。
可乘坐上海地鐵11號線至嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)北站,出站后(hou)可乘坐嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)1路(lu)、嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)10路(lu)、嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)12路(lu)等公(gong)交,乘坐至嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)中(zhong)醫醫院(yuan)站下車后(hou),步行約百(bai)余(yu)米可到達秋(qiu)霞(xia)圃。
乘坐滬嘉線(人民廣場~嘉定汽車客運中(zhong)心)、滬(hu)錢線(xian)(xian)(威(wei)海路(lu)(lu)延安中(zhong)路(lu)(lu)口~嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)客(ke)運(yun)(yun)中(zhong)心)、新嘉(jia)線(xian)(xian)(上(shang)海火車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)~嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)客(ke)運(yun)(yun)中(zhong)心)、北(bei)嘉(jia)線(xian)(xian)(上(shang)海北(bei)區汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)~嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)客(ke)運(yun)(yun)中(zhong)心)、滬(hu)唐(tang)線(xian)(xian)(上(shang)海火車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)~嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)區唐(tang)行(xing)鎮)、西(xi)嘉(jia)線(xian)(xian)(上(shang)海西(xi)區汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)~嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)客(ke)運(yun)(yun)中(zhong)心)、北(bei)安線(xian)(xian)(普(pu)陀區鎮坪路(lu)(lu)~嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)區安亭鎮)、淞嘉(jia)線(xian)(xian)(吳淞碼(ma)頭~嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)客(ke)運(yun)(yun)中(zhong)心)等可(ke)達(da)嘉(jia)定(ding)(ding)鎮汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),出汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)后沿(yan)城中(zhong)路(lu)(lu)直走(zou)至城中(zhong)路(lu)(lu)右轉直走(zou),過博樂(le)路(lu)(lu)即達(da)秋霞圃。另外在(zai)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)乘嘉(jia)羅線(xian)(xian)到博樂(le)路(lu)(lu)下車(che)(che)(che)也可(ke)到達(da)孔廟。
延安路(lu)高(gao)架-S20外環高(gao)速公路(lu)-S5滬嘉(jia)高(gao)速公路(lu)-嘉(jia)定(ding)鎮博樂(le)南路(lu)-博樂(le)路(lu)-到東大街右轉即到。
龔(gong)(gong)氏園(yuan)(yuan)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)的確切年代已難稽考(kao)。若系(xi)龔(gong)(gong)天(tian)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)城(cheng)內創(chuang)(chuang)設北府(fu)書院時建(jian)(jian)(jian),可(ke)(ke)上溯至(zhi)南宋后葉;若系(xi)龔(gong)(gong)天(tian)定(ding)(ding)侄孫(sun)龔(gong)(gong)弘(hong)(hong)始建(jian)(jian)(jian),可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是(shi)在(zai)明成(cheng)(cheng)化十四年(公(gong)元(yuan)1478年)龔(gong)(gong)弘(hong)(hong)考(kao)中進士之后,也可(ke)(ke)能(neng)在(zai)明弘(hong)(hong)治(zhi)十五年(1502年)龔(gong)(gong)弘(hong)(hong)辭官返鄉居住(zhu)十三(san)年之時。龔(gong)(gong)弘(hong)(hong)官至(zhi)工(gong)部尚(shang)書,顯赫(he)一(yi)時,龔(gong)(gong)氏園(yuan)(yuan)縱使由龔(gong)(gong)家先祖草創(chuang)(chuang),成(cheng)(cheng)園(yuan)(yuan)則是(shi)龔(gong)(gong)弘(hong)(hong),他于明嘉靖五年(公(gong)元(yuan)1526年)去世,這(zhe)是(shi)龔(gong)(gong)氏園(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)的下限。
嘉靖年(nian)間,龔弘曾(ceng)孫龔敏卿(qing)敗(bai)落,曾(ceng)于三(san)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(公(gong)元1555年(nian))把花園(yuan)售給徽(hui)州鹽商汪(wang)某,萬歷元年(nian)(公(gong)元1573年(nian))龔敏卿(qing)子錫爵鄉試中舉,汪(wang)某將宅第(di)歸還原主。
清(qing)順治二年(nian)(公元1645年(nian)),嘉定慘遭清(qing)軍三(san)屠(tu),龔氏(shi)(shi)后(hou)裔龔孫玹(xuan)、龔用圓、龔用廣(guang)等參加侯峒曾(ceng)、黃淳耀兩(liang)先生帶(dai)領的抗清(qing)斗(dou)爭,城破后(hou)以(yi)身殉(xun)節,龔家又(you)趨敗落(luo),宅第僅(jin)剩兩(liang)堵危墻。嗣后(hou),宅基地與后(hou)園由汪某(mou)后(hou)裔辟為秋(qiu)霞圃,俗稱(cheng)汪氏(shi)(shi)園,園中有松風(feng)嶺、鶯(ying)語(yu)堤、寒香室(shi)、百五(wu)臺(tai)、歲寒徑(jing)、層云石、數雨齋、桃花潭(tan)、題青渡(du)、灑雪廊等十景(jing)。
清雍正四(si)(si)年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1726年(nian))汪家把(ba)花(hua)園捐給城隍(huang)廟作靈苑(yuan)。乾隆二十四(si)(si)年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1759年(nian)),東邊(bian)的沈(shen)氏園也由申氏歸并(bing)城隍(huang)廟,并(bing)與秋霞圃合(he)并(bing),成為(wei)城隍(huang)廟后花(hua)園。后多次遭破壞,現存建(jian)筑多系同(tong)治元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1862年(nian))以后重建(jian)。
邑廟始建于宋嘉定(ding)年間(公元1208~1224年),舊(jiu)址(zhi)在(zai)南門富安坊(今李(li)家弄舊(jiu)址(zhi)),明洪武(wu)三年(公元1370年)移建于此。
沈氏園(yuan)在龔氏園(yuan)東側(ce),系(xi)明(ming)末(mo)萬歷(li)、天(tian)啟年(nian)(nian)間秀才沈弘正所筑,時(shi)有扶疏堂、權舟、聊淹堂、開襟樓、閑研齋、籟隱山房、覓句廊、洗句亭(ting)、游(you)騁堂、涉趣(qu)橋等景,門額(e)“十畝之(zhi)間”系(xi)明(ming)末(mo)書畫名(ming)家(jia)董其(qi)昌所書。此(ci)園(yuan)后歸申氏,清乾隆年(nian)(nian)間(公元1736~1795年(nian)(nian))間修復,并與龔氏園(yuan)合(he)并,與城(cheng)隍(huang)廟連為(wei)一體成為(wei)廟園(yuan),此(ci)時(shi)始(shi)定名(ming)為(wei)秋霞圃,也有城(cheng)隍(huang)園(yuan)之(zhi)名(ming)流傳。
金氏園在龔氏園北(bei),嘉靖年間(jian)金翊所建。萬歷十年金翊孫(sun)金兆(zhao)登中舉時(shi),園中有柳云居、止舫、霽霞閣、冬榮(rong)館諸景。