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基本介紹

金華(hua)(hua)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勝地(di)。位(wei)于浙江(jiang)省金華(hua)(hua)市境內北部。為(wei)金華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、赤(chi)松(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之合(he)稱。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中層巒(luan)疊嶂(zhang)，清(qing)泉潺流，洞(dong)(dong)穴四布，怪石(shi)林立，主峰海拔 1300 余米，最高峰為(wei)大盤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)1314米，面積約(yue) 2.5 平(ping)方(fang)公里。金華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)又(you)名長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、常山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間雙龍、冰壺(hu)、朝真(zhen)三(san)洞(dong)(dong)合(he)稱“金華(hua)(hua)洞(dong)(dong)”，為(wei)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)第(di)三(san)十六小洞(dong)(dong)天(tian)(tian)，名曰“金華(hua)(hua)洞(dong)(dong)元(yuan)洞(dong)(dong)天(tian)(tian)”；赤(chi)松(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)傳為(wei)古仙(xian)人赤(chi)松(song)子于此(ci)引牧羊少(shao)年(nian)黃初平(ping)修道(dao)成仙(xian)之地(di)，故名。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上有金華(hua)(hua)觀、赤(chi)松(song)亭、“五洞(dong)(dong)十景”等自然景觀及道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)古跡(ji)。為(wei)浙江(jiang)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之一。據清(qing)康熙二(er)十二(er)年(nian)（1683年(nian)）《金華(hua)(hua)府(fu)志》記載(zai)：“黃帝分星次，斗(dou)十一度(du)至(zhi)婺女七度(du)，曰須女，又(you)曰星紀于辰在丑”。明(ming)一統志金華(hua)(hua)天(tian)(tian)文牛(niu)女分野。

金華東(dong)鄰臺州(zhou)、南(nan)毗麗(li)水,西連(lian)衢(qu)州(zhou)，北接紹興，杭州(zhou)。境(jing)內(nei)的東(dong)、東(dong)北連(lian)大(da)盤山(shan)(shan)、會稽山(shan)(shan)；南(nan)屬仙霞嶺(ling)；北、西北：接龍(long)門(men)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈。 仙霞嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)脈從閩、贛交(jiao)界的武夷山(shan)(shan)延伸入境(jing)，至武義縣、婺城區(qu)南(nan)部和永康市，向東(dong)北延續為大(da)盤山(shan)(shan)和天臺山(shan)(shan)脈。

大盤山(shan)是錢塘江(jiang)、曹娥江(jiang)、椒(jiao)江(jiang)和(he)(he)甌江(jiang)部(bu)分支流的源地(di)和(he)(he)分水嶺，西(xi)南(nan)(nan)段位于(yu)磐安、東(dong)(dong)陽、永康和(he)(he)義烏，主(zhu)峰在磐安縣安文鎮東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)。會(hui)稽山(shan)為天臺山(shan)支脈(mo)，主(zhu)體(ti)朝(chao)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)方向伸展(zhan)，西(xi)南(nan)(nan)段延伸至東(dong)(dong)陽北(bei)部(bu)和(he)(he)義烏，主(zhu)峰東(dong)(dong)白(bai)山(shan)位于(yu)東(dong)(dong)陽、諸暨、嵊州交界處。龍門山(shan)界于(yu)富春江(jiang)與浦陽江(jiang)之間，分布在浦江(jiang)、婺(wu)城區和(he)(he)金東(dong)(dong)區北(bei)部(bu)、蘭溪及義烏，其余(yu)脈(mo)金華北(bei)山(shan)呈塊狀山(shan)地(di)。

景點景觀

金(jin)華(hua)(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)金(jin)華(hua)(hua)城北(bei)(bei)(bei)。蜿蜒(yan)起伏，勢如游龍(long)(long)(long)，雄壓萬峰(feng)，左右分支回(hui)巒，連屏拱(gong)衛，面(mian)南(nan)，諸(zhu)峰(feng)數(shu)重(zhong)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)雙(shuang)巒對矗，一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)玉(yu)壺(hu)、一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)金(jin)盆(pen)，壺(hu)中有湖，名曰(yue)徐公湖。水(shui)分兩派(pai)而下，瀉(xie)乎山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之陽者(zhe)由(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)橋(qiao)而達于(yu)溪；而注(zhu)于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之陰者(zhe)由(you)鹿(lu)田(tian)而入于(yu)洞(dong)盆(pen)之中飛瀑瀉(xie)出(chu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)赤松澗，即黃初(chu)平（大(da)(da)仙(xian)）登仙(xian)處(chu)。整(zheng)個北(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)周三(san)百六(liu)十里(li)，宛如一(yi)(yi)道天然(ran)屏障。 北(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)20里(li)設金(jin)華(hua)(hua)城，位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)東(dong)陽江(jiang)(jiang)、武義江(jiang)(jiang)和金(jin)華(hua)(hua)江(jiang)(jiang)交匯(hui)處(chu)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（玄武、坎位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)）是(shi)金(jin)華(hua)(hua)城的(de)太祖少祖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，龍(long)(long)(long)脈所含蘊的(de)精(jing)氣(qi)凝(ning)重(zhong)，芙蓉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)收納精(jing)氣(qi)，結斂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢過脈，是(shi)強大(da)(da)的(de)靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)；東(dong)側（青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)、震位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)）的(de)積道山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)；西（白(bai)虎、兌位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)）是(shi)綿(mian)綿(mian)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)延伸，青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)白(bai)虎有侍(shi)衛護持著(zhu)；正南(nan)方（朱(zhu)雀、離位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)）低(di)矮(ai)的(de)淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)砂，相互纏綿(mian)，可謂托多、護多、纏多，為(wei)(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)神大(da)(da)貴。婺江(jiang)(jiang)由(you)東(dong)而西，至(zhi)蘭溪匯(hui)衢(qu)江(jiang)(jiang)而入浙江(jiang)(jiang)。該城北(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)水(shui)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)高南(nan)低(di)、左右有侍(shi)衛，符合(he)把城郭建在巨型“沙發”里(li)的(de)理念(nian)，是(shi)個不錯的(de)城郭。

北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南坡西南側(ce)過脈至芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)峰(feng)，芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)峰(feng)騰(teng)空(kong)駕云(yun)，高為(wei)潛岳。《方輿記》云(yun)：“孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)獨秀，狀(zhuang)若(ruo)芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)，故(gu)名(ming)，郡(jun)縣來(lai)脈，皆(jie)本此山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體比較(jiao)尖(jian)，又俗稱(cheng)尖(jian)峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，所以人們就習慣叫尖(jian)峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)了，而原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)名(ming)慢慢被遺忘。芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、尖(jian)峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)同一座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)，不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)呼，可有(you)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)最早叫“長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣”東(dong)漢初平三年（192年）、“東(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)”三國吳(wu)寶(bao)鼎元年(266)置郡(jun)名(ming)東(dong)陽(yang)，隋開皇十八(ba)年（597年）改稱(cheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。尖(jian)峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體是尖(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，五行(xing)屬火(huo)，該火(huo)克著金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)”，也許對金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制約。 在(zai)眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典籍中，對金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)謂有(you)：長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、常山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。在(zai)綿(mian)綿(mian)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之中還有(you)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)稱(cheng)，如：芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、赤松山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、煉丹山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、乾(qian)峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等等。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)乃有(you)其小(xiao)(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，在(zai)今(jin)付(fu)村鎮之北(bei)，過去這里屬于金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鄉（包括今(jin)付(fu)村、源東(dong)），金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)畈延稱(cheng)至今(jin)。稱(cheng)之為(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。

歷史沿革

東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)初平三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（192）析烏傷（義烏前(qian)身）西(xi)南地置(zhi)長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣，因縣境內長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（又名(ming)常山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)）（注(zhu)：公元562年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)才置(zhi)金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)，在此之(zhi)前(qian)注(zhu)解金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是欠妥的）得名(ming)，為(wei)(wei)會(hui)(hui)稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)西(xi)部都尉治所；三(san)國吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寶鼎元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（266）分會(hui)(hui)稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)立東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)，郡(jun)(jun)治長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（以郡(jun)(jun)在瀫水（即衢江與蘭(lan)江之(zhi)交(jiao)的一段）之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)陽(yang)得名(ming)）；陳天嘉三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（563）撤縉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)；隋開(kai)(kai)皇(huang)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（589）置(zhi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)廢(fei)建德(de)(de)、太末、豐安三(san)縣入長安，更名(ming)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寧(ning)縣；開(kai)(kai)皇(huang)十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（592）改吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寧(ning)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)縣；開(kai)(kai)皇(huang)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（593）設置(zhi)婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)；開(kai)(kai)皇(huang)十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（598）改東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)縣；隋大業三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（607）復置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)；唐武(wu)德(de)(de)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（621）復改東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)為(wei)(wei)婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、析建德(de)(de)、太末地復置(zhi)縣、分金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)、長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)兩(liang)縣；武(wu)德(de)(de)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（625）廢(fei)長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)入金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)縣；垂拱四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（688）改金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)縣為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣；神龍元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（705）復名(ming)金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)縣，沿用到(dao)2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。 從郡(jun)(jun)名(ming)來看自會(hui)(hui)稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)--東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)—金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)—吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)—婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)—東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)—婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)--東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)--婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)—婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)武(wu)勝(sheng)軍--婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)保(bao)寧(ning)軍--婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)路—寧(ning)越府—金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)府—浙(zhe)江省(sheng)—金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)道—浙(zhe)江省(sheng)—第(di)八(ba)縣行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)督(du)察(cha)(cha)區(qu)(qu)—第(di)六行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)督(du)察(cha)(cha)區(qu)(qu)—蘭(lan)溪區(qu)(qu)—四(si)、五、三(san)、八(ba)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)督(du)察(cha)(cha)區(qu)(qu)--第(di)八(ba)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)區(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)專(zhuan)(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)區(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)專(zhuan)(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)地區(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)市(shi)到(dao)至(zhi)今,易名(ming)27次。

而金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)則由：長(chang)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)—吳寧(ning)縣(xian)—東(dong)陽縣(xian)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)，數易其(qi)名(ming)。在(zai)(zai)唐武德四年（621）分金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)為金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)、長(chang)山(shan)(shan)兩(liang)(liang)縣(xian)，那(nei)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)說，在(zai)(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)時(shi)存在(zai)(zai)過兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)，必須弄清楚兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)遺址，才能有更(geng)確切的(de)(de)(de)表述。 北(bei)山(shan)(shan)因雙(shuang)龍(long)洞(dong)的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)聲在(zai)(zai)外，現在(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)AAAA級風(feng)景名(ming)勝區。北(bei)山(shan)(shan)頂是(shi)(shi)(shi)大盤天景區，浙中(zhong)涼都所在(zai)(zai)，金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)頂盤前(qian)農家樂(le)有：芳(fang)園山(shan)(shan)莊、涼都山(shan)(shan)莊、美(mei)樂(le)山(shan)(shan)莊、諸(zhu)葛山(shan)(shan)莊等山(shan)(shan)莊共二(er)百(bai)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)床(chuang)位(wei)，同(tong)時(shi)可容納400多(duo)人(ren)用餐，是(shi)(shi)(shi)避暑、休(xiu)閑、登山(shan)(shan)、聚會的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)園。為了便(bian)于(yu)管理，將(jiang)羅店、新(xin)獅兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)鄉鎮的(de)(de)(de)部分村(cun)規劃其(qi)中(zhong)，因此，我(wo)們(men)把(ba)這里放到最后來普(pu)查。雙(shuang)龍(long)景區管委會許光明(ming)主任高(gao)度重視這次(ci)文(wen)(wen)物普(pu)查工作，全(quan)方位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)給于(yu)支持，并且(qie)派出了兩(liang)(liang)名(ming)精兵(bing)強(qiang)將(jiang)全(quan)程陪(pei)同(tong)我(wo)們(men)。邢小平先生是(shi)(shi)(shi)管委會的(de)(de)(de)得力干將(jiang)，馬(ma)水根先生是(shi)(shi)(shi)某藝術館的(de)(de)(de)退(tui)休(xiu)干部、北(bei)山(shan)(shan)歷(li)史文(wen)(wen)化遺存研究(jiu)專(zhuan)家、《雙(shuang)龍(long)景區志》主要(yao)參與者，有他們(men)兩(liang)(liang)人(ren)陪(pei)同(tong)，真可謂“老(lao)馬(ma)識途”，使我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)普(pu)查工作“一帆風(feng)順”。

從出土文(wen)物(wu)來(lai)看(kan)，早(zao)在新石器時(shi)期(qi)，就有人類(lei)在北(bei)山的雙(shuang)龍洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)活動、東晉葛洪《神仙傳》所描述的黃初平，十五歲時(shi)在金華(hua)赤(chi)松山遇仙人，得道(dao)成仙。因(yin)他居于(yu)赤(chi)松山，所以(yi)人稱(cheng)赤(chi)松黃大仙、雙(shuang)龍洞(dong)(dong)和朝真洞(dong)(dong)成為(wei)道(dao)教的三十六洞(dong)(dong)天、歷(li)史上曾經有數(shu)位(wei)皇帝在此(ci)祭天、新中(zhong)國成立以(yi)后，有多位(wei)國家(jia)領導人在此(ci)駐足、歷(li)代文(wen)人騷客留下(xia)了足跡、一個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)溶洞(dong)(dong)形(xing)成了奇特(te)仙境，葉圣陶先(xian)生的《記金華(hua)的兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)溶洞(dong)(dong)》拉近了讀者(zhe)與北(bei)山的距離(li)，最(zui)近又發現了還無法破解(jie)的神秘(mi)符號。