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基本介紹

金(jin)華(hua)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)道教名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勝(sheng)地(di)。位于(yu)浙江省金(jin)華(hua)市境內北(bei)部。為(wei)金(jin)華(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、赤(chi)松山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)合稱(cheng)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中層(ceng)巒疊嶂，清泉潺流，洞(dong)(dong)穴四布，怪石(shi)林立，主峰(feng)海(hai)拔 1300 余米(mi)，最高峰(feng)為(wei)大盤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)1314米(mi)，面積約(yue) 2.5 平方公里。金(jin)華(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)又名長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、常山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間雙(shuang)龍、冰壺、朝真三洞(dong)(dong)合稱(cheng)“金(jin)華(hua)洞(dong)(dong)”，為(wei)道教第三十(shi)六(liu)小洞(dong)(dong)天(tian)，名曰(yue)“金(jin)華(hua)洞(dong)(dong)元(yuan)洞(dong)(dong)天(tian)”；赤(chi)松山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)傳(chuan)為(wei)古(gu)仙(xian)(xian)人赤(chi)松子于(yu)此引(yin)牧羊少(shao)年(nian)黃(huang)初平修道成仙(xian)(xian)之(zhi)地(di)，故名。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上有金(jin)華(hua)觀、赤(chi)松亭、“五洞(dong)(dong)十(shi)景(jing)”等自然景(jing)觀及道教古(gu)跡。為(wei)浙江道教名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)一(yi)。據(ju)清康熙二十(shi)二年(nian)（1683年(nian)）《金(jin)華(hua)府志(zhi)》記載：“黃(huang)帝分星(xing)次，斗十(shi)一(yi)度至婺女(nv)七(qi)度，曰(yue)須(xu)女(nv)，又曰(yue)星(xing)紀于(yu)辰在丑”。明一(yi)統志(zhi)金(jin)華(hua)天(tian)文牛女(nv)分野。

金(jin)華(hua)東鄰(lin)臺州(zhou)、南(nan)毗麗水,西連衢州(zhou)，北(bei)(bei)接紹興，杭州(zhou)。境(jing)(jing)內的(de)東、東北(bei)(bei)連大盤(pan)山(shan)、會稽山(shan)；南(nan)屬仙霞嶺；北(bei)(bei)、西北(bei)(bei)：接龍門山(shan)山(shan)脈。 仙霞嶺山(shan)脈從閩、贛交界(jie)的(de)武(wu)夷山(shan)延(yan)伸入境(jing)(jing)，至武(wu)義縣、婺(wu)城區南(nan)部和(he)永康市，向東北(bei)(bei)延(yan)續為大盤(pan)山(shan)和(he)天(tian)臺山(shan)脈。

大盤山(shan)(shan)是錢(qian)塘江、曹娥江、椒江和(he)甌江部(bu)分支流的源地和(he)分水嶺，西南段位于磐(pan)安、東(dong)陽、永(yong)康和(he)義(yi)烏，主峰(feng)在磐(pan)安縣安文鎮東(dong)南。會稽(ji)山(shan)(shan)為天臺山(shan)(shan)支脈(mo)，主體朝(chao)東(dong)北(bei)方向伸展(zhan)，西南段延伸至(zhi)東(dong)陽北(bei)部(bu)和(he)義(yi)烏，主峰(feng)東(dong)白山(shan)(shan)位于東(dong)陽、諸暨、嵊州交界(jie)處。龍門山(shan)(shan)界(jie)于富(fu)春江與浦陽江之間(jian)，分布在浦江、婺城區和(he)金東(dong)區北(bei)部(bu)、蘭溪及義(yi)烏，其余脈(mo)金華北(bei)山(shan)(shan)呈塊狀山(shan)(shan)地。

景點景觀

金(jin)華(hua)(hua)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，位(wei)于(yu)金(jin)華(hua)(hua)城(cheng)北(bei)。蜿蜒(yan)起伏，勢(shi)如(ru)游龍(long)，雄(xiong)壓萬峰(feng)，左(zuo)右分支(zhi)回巒(luan)，連屏(ping)拱衛，面南(nan)(nan)，諸峰(feng)數(shu)重(zhong)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)雙巒(luan)對矗(chu)，一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)玉壺、一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)金(jin)盆(pen)，壺中有湖(hu)，名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)徐公(gong)湖(hu)。水(shui)分兩派而(er)下，瀉乎山(shan)(shan)(shan)之陽(yang)者由(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)橋(qiao)而(er)達(da)于(yu)溪(xi)；而(er)注于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之陰者由(you)鹿(lu)田而(er)入于(yu)洞(dong)盆(pen)之中飛瀑(pu)瀉出，為(wei)赤松澗(jian)，即黃初(chu)平（大仙）登(deng)仙處。整個北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)周三百六(liu)十里，宛如(ru)一(yi)道天然屏(ping)障。 北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)20里設金(jin)華(hua)(hua)城(cheng)，位(wei)于(yu)東(dong)陽(yang)江(jiang)(jiang)、武義江(jiang)(jiang)和(he)金(jin)華(hua)(hua)江(jiang)(jiang)交匯(hui)(hui)處。北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)（玄(xuan)武、坎位(wei)）是(shi)(shi)金(jin)華(hua)(hua)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)祖少(shao)祖山(shan)(shan)(shan)，龍(long)脈(mo)所(suo)含蘊(yun)的(de)(de)(de)精氣凝(ning)重(zhong)，芙蓉山(shan)(shan)(shan)收(shou)納精氣，結斂山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)過脈(mo)，是(shi)(shi)強大的(de)(de)(de)靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)；東(dong)側（青龍(long)、震位(wei)）的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)道山(shan)(shan)(shan)，為(wei)一(yi)淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)；西（白虎(hu)、兌(dui)位(wei)）是(shi)(shi)綿(mian)綿(mian)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)延伸，青龍(long)白虎(hu)有侍衛護持著；正南(nan)(nan)方（朱雀(que)、離位(wei)）低(di)矮的(de)(de)(de)淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)砂，相互纏(chan)綿(mian)，可(ke)謂(wei)托多、護多、纏(chan)多，為(wei)龍(long)神(shen)大貴。婺江(jiang)(jiang)由(you)東(dong)而(er)西，至蘭溪(xi)匯(hui)(hui)衢江(jiang)(jiang)而(er)入浙江(jiang)(jiang)。該城(cheng)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)水(shui)、北(bei)高南(nan)(nan)低(di)、左(zuo)右有侍衛，符(fu)合把城(cheng)郭(guo)建在巨型“沙發”里的(de)(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)，是(shi)(shi)個不錯(cuo)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)郭(guo)。

北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)坡西南(nan)側過(guo)脈至芙(fu)蓉(rong)峰，芙(fu)蓉(rong)峰騰空駕云，高為(wei)潛岳(yue)。《方輿記》云：“孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)獨秀，狀若芙(fu)蓉(rong)，故名(ming)，郡縣(xian)來脈，皆(jie)本此山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。芙(fu)蓉(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體比較(jiao)尖(jian)，又俗稱(cheng)尖(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，所(suo)以人們就習慣(guan)叫尖(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)了(le)，而原來的美名(ming)慢慢被遺忘(wang)。芙(fu)蓉(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、尖(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)同一座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰，不(bu)同的稱(cheng)呼(hu)，可(ke)有(you)不(bu)同的結果。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)最早叫“長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)”東(dong)漢初平三年（192年）、“東(dong)陽(yang)郡”三國吳寶鼎(ding)元年(266)置郡名(ming)東(dong)陽(yang)，隋開皇(huang)十八年（597年）改稱(cheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)。尖(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體是(shi)尖(jian)的，五行(xing)屬(shu)火，該火克著金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)的“金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)”，也許對(dui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)有(you)一定的制(zhi)約。 在(zai)眾(zhong)多的典籍中，對(dui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的稱(cheng)謂有(you)：長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、常山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。在(zai)綿(mian)綿(mian)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)中還有(you)不(bu)同的小山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)稱(cheng)，如：芙(fu)蓉(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、赤松山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、煉丹山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、乾峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等等。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)乃有(you)其小山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，在(zai)今(jin)付(fu)村鎮之(zhi)北，過(guo)去這里屬(shu)于金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)鄉（包括今(jin)付(fu)村、源東(dong)），金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)畈延稱(cheng)至今(jin)。稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。

歷史沿革

東(dong)漢初平三(san)年(nian)(nian)（192）析烏(wu)傷（義烏(wu)前身）西南地(di)(di)置(zhi)長(chang)(chang)山(shan)縣(xian)，因(yin)縣(xian)境內長(chang)(chang)山(shan)（又名(ming)常(chang)山(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)）（注：公元(yuan)562年(nian)(nian)才置(zhi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)，在此之(zhi)前注解(jie)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)是欠妥的）得名(ming)，為(wei)(wei)會(hui)稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)西部(bu)都尉(wei)治(zhi)所；三(san)國吳(wu)(wu)寶鼎元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（266）分會(hui)稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)立東(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)，郡(jun)(jun)(jun)治(zhi)長(chang)(chang)山(shan)（以郡(jun)(jun)(jun)在瀫(hu)水（即衢江(jiang)與蘭江(jiang)之(zhi)交的一(yi)段）之(zhi)東(dong)、長(chang)(chang)山(shan)之(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)得名(ming)）；陳天嘉三(san)年(nian)(nian)（563）撤縉州(zhou)(zhou)、東(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)；隋開(kai)皇九年(nian)(nian)（589）置(zhi)吳(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)廢建德(de)、太末、豐(feng)安(an)(an)三(san)縣(xian)入(ru)長(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)，更名(ming)吳(wu)(wu)寧縣(xian)；開(kai)皇十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)（592）改吳(wu)(wu)寧為(wei)(wei)東(dong)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)；開(kai)皇十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)（593）設置(zhi)婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)；開(kai)皇十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)（598）改東(dong)陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)；隋大(da)業三(san)年(nian)(nian)（607）復(fu)置(zhi)東(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)；唐武(wu)德(de)四年(nian)(nian)（621）復(fu)改東(dong)陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)、析建德(de)、太末地(di)(di)復(fu)置(zhi)縣(xian)、分金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、長(chang)(chang)山(shan)兩縣(xian)；武(wu)德(de)八年(nian)(nian)（625）廢長(chang)(chang)山(shan)入(ru)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)；垂拱四年(nian)(nian)（688）改金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山(shan)縣(xian)；神龍元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（705）復(fu)名(ming)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)，沿用(yong)到(dao)2001年(nian)(nian)。 從郡(jun)(jun)(jun)名(ming)來看自會(hui)稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)--東(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)—吳(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)—婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)—東(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)—婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)--東(dong)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)--婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)—婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)武(wu)勝軍(jun)--婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)保寧軍(jun)--婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)路—寧越府(fu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)府(fu)—浙江(jiang)省(sheng)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道(dao)—浙江(jiang)省(sheng)—第八縣(xian)行政(zheng)督(du)(du)察(cha)區(qu)—第六行政(zheng)督(du)(du)察(cha)區(qu)—蘭溪(xi)區(qu)—四、五(wu)、三(san)、八行政(zheng)督(du)(du)察(cha)區(qu)--第八行政(zheng)區(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專(zhuan)區(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專(zhuan)區(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di)(di)區(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)市到(dao)至今,易名(ming)27次。

而金華(hua)(hua)縣(xian)則由：長(chang)山(shan)縣(xian)—吳寧縣(xian)—東陽縣(xian)—金華(hua)(hua)縣(xian)，數易(yi)其名(ming)。在(zai)唐武德(de)四年（621）分金華(hua)(hua)為金華(hua)(hua)、長(chang)山(shan)兩(liang)(liang)縣(xian)，那(nei)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)說，在(zai)金華(hua)(hua)同(tong)時存(cun)在(zai)過(guo)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)縣(xian)，必須弄清楚(chu)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)遺址(zhi)，才(cai)能有更(geng)確切的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)述。 北山(shan)因雙(shuang)龍(long)洞的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)聲在(zai)外(wai)，現在(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)AAAA級風景(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝區(qu)。北山(shan)頂是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)盤天(tian)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)，浙中(zhong)涼(liang)都所在(zai)，金華(hua)(hua)山(shan)頂盤前農家樂有：芳園山(shan)莊(zhuang)、涼(liang)都山(shan)莊(zhuang)、美樂山(shan)莊(zhuang)、諸葛山(shan)莊(zhuang)等山(shan)莊(zhuang)共二(er)百多個(ge)床(chuang)位(wei)，同(tong)時可容納400多人(ren)用餐，是(shi)(shi)(shi)避暑、休(xiu)閑、登(deng)山(shan)、聚會的(de)(de)(de)樂園。為了(le)便于(yu)管理，將羅店、新(xin)獅兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)鄉鎮的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分村(cun)規劃(hua)其中(zhong)，因此(ci)，我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)把這(zhe)里放到最后(hou)來普(pu)查。雙(shuang)龍(long)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)管委(wei)會許光明(ming)主任高(gao)度重視(shi)這(zhe)次文物普(pu)查工作(zuo)(zuo)，全方位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)給(gei)于(yu)支持，并且派(pai)出了(le)兩(liang)(liang)名(ming)精(jing)兵強將全程陪同(tong)我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)。邢小平先生是(shi)(shi)(shi)管委(wei)會的(de)(de)(de)得力干將，馬水根先生是(shi)(shi)(shi)某(mou)藝(yi)術館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)退休(xiu)干部(bu)、北山(shan)歷史(shi)文化遺存(cun)研(yan)究專家、《雙(shuang)龍(long)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)志》主要(yao)參(can)與(yu)者，有他們(men)(men)(men)兩(liang)(liang)人(ren)陪同(tong)，真(zhen)可謂“老馬識途”，使我(wo)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)普(pu)查工作(zuo)(zuo)“一(yi)帆風順(shun)”。

從出土文(wen)物來看(kan)，早在(zai)(zai)新(xin)石器時(shi)期，就有人類在(zai)(zai)北山(shan)的(de)(de)雙(shuang)龍(long)洞(dong)內活(huo)動、東(dong)晉葛(ge)洪(hong)《神仙傳(chuan)》所(suo)描述(shu)的(de)(de)黃初平(ping)，十五歲(sui)時(shi)在(zai)(zai)金(jin)(jin)華赤松(song)山(shan)遇仙人，得道(dao)(dao)成仙。因他居于赤松(song)山(shan)，所(suo)以(yi)人稱赤松(song)黃大仙、雙(shuang)龍(long)洞(dong)和朝真洞(dong)成為道(dao)(dao)教的(de)(de)三十六(liu)洞(dong)天、歷(li)(li)史(shi)上曾經有數位皇帝在(zai)(zai)此(ci)祭(ji)天、新(xin)中(zhong)國成立以(yi)后(hou)，有多位國家(jia)領(ling)導(dao)人在(zai)(zai)此(ci)駐足(zu)、歷(li)(li)代文(wen)人騷(sao)客留下(xia)了(le)(le)足(zu)跡(ji)、一個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)溶洞(dong)形成了(le)(le)奇特仙境，葉圣陶(tao)先生的(de)(de)《記(ji)金(jin)(jin)華的(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)溶洞(dong)》拉(la)近了(le)(le)讀(du)者(zhe)與北山(shan)的(de)(de)距離(li)，最近又發現了(le)(le)還無法(fa)破解(jie)的(de)(de)神秘符號(hao)。