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基本介紹

金(jin)華(hua)北山(shan)(shan)道(dao)教(jiao)名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)勝地(di)。位于浙江省金(jin)華(hua)市境內(nei)北部。為金(jin)華(hua)山(shan)(shan)、赤松(song)山(shan)(shan)等(deng)山(shan)(shan)之合稱。山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)層巒(luan)疊嶂，清泉潺流(liu)，洞(dong)穴四布，怪石林立，主峰海(hai)拔 1300 余(yu)米(mi)，最高峰為大(da)盤山(shan)(shan)1314米(mi)，面積(ji)約 2.5 平方(fang)公里。金(jin)華(hua)山(shan)(shan)又(you)名(ming)(ming)長山(shan)(shan)、常山(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)間雙(shuang)龍、冰壺、朝真三洞(dong)合稱“金(jin)華(hua)洞(dong)”，為道(dao)教(jiao)第三十(shi)六小洞(dong)天，名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)“金(jin)華(hua)洞(dong)元洞(dong)天”；赤松(song)山(shan)(shan)傳為古(gu)仙人赤松(song)子于此引(yin)牧羊少(shao)年(nian)黃(huang)初平修(xiu)道(dao)成仙之地(di)，故名(ming)(ming)。山(shan)(shan)上(shang)有金(jin)華(hua)觀、赤松(song)亭、“五洞(dong)十(shi)景”等(deng)自(zi)然景觀及道(dao)教(jiao)古(gu)跡。為浙江道(dao)教(jiao)名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)之一(yi)。據清康(kang)熙(xi)二十(shi)二年(nian)（1683年(nian)）《金(jin)華(hua)府志(zhi)》記載：“黃(huang)帝分星次，斗十(shi)一(yi)度至婺女(nv)七度，曰(yue)須女(nv)，又(you)曰(yue)星紀于辰(chen)在(zai)丑”。明一(yi)統志(zhi)金(jin)華(hua)天文牛女(nv)分野。

金華東鄰臺(tai)州、南(nan)毗麗水,西連(lian)衢州，北(bei)接(jie)紹興，杭(hang)州。境內的東、東北(bei)連(lian)大盤山(shan)、會稽(ji)山(shan)；南(nan)屬(shu)仙霞嶺(ling)；北(bei)、西北(bei)：接(jie)龍(long)門山(shan)山(shan)脈。 仙霞嶺(ling)山(shan)脈從閩(min)、贛交(jiao)界(jie)的武夷山(shan)延伸(shen)入境，至武義(yi)縣、婺城區南(nan)部(bu)和永康市，向東北(bei)延續為大盤山(shan)和天(tian)臺(tai)山(shan)脈。

大(da)盤山(shan)是錢(qian)塘(tang)江、曹(cao)娥江、椒(jiao)江和(he)甌江部(bu)(bu)分支(zhi)流的源地(di)(di)和(he)分水嶺，西(xi)南(nan)段位(wei)于(yu)磐安(an)(an)、東(dong)(dong)陽、永康和(he)義烏(wu)，主峰在磐安(an)(an)縣安(an)(an)文(wen)鎮東(dong)(dong)南(nan)。會稽山(shan)為(wei)天(tian)臺(tai)山(shan)支(zhi)脈，主體朝東(dong)(dong)北(bei)方向伸(shen)展，西(xi)南(nan)段延伸(shen)至東(dong)(dong)陽北(bei)部(bu)(bu)和(he)義烏(wu)，主峰東(dong)(dong)白山(shan)位(wei)于(yu)東(dong)(dong)陽、諸暨、嵊州交界處。龍門山(shan)界于(yu)富春江與(yu)浦陽江之間，分布在浦江、婺城區(qu)(qu)和(he)金東(dong)(dong)區(qu)(qu)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)、蘭溪及義烏(wu)，其余脈金華北(bei)山(shan)呈塊狀山(shan)地(di)(di)。

景點景觀

金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，位(wei)(wei)于金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)城北。蜿蜒(yan)起伏，勢如游龍(long)(long)，雄壓(ya)萬峰，左(zuo)右分(fen)支(zhi)回(hui)巒，連屏(ping)拱衛，面南(nan)(nan)(nan)，諸峰數重，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)雙巒對矗，一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)玉壺、一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)金(jin)(jin)盆，壺中有湖，名曰(yue)(yue)徐公湖。水(shui)分(fen)兩派而下，瀉乎山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之陽(yang)者由山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)橋(qiao)而達于溪；而注于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之陰者由鹿(lu)田而入于洞盆之中飛(fei)瀑(pu)瀉出，為(wei)(wei)赤松(song)澗，即黃初平(ping)（大(da)仙(xian)）登仙(xian)處。整(zheng)個北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)周三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)里，宛(wan)如一(yi)(yi)道天然屏(ping)障(zhang)。 北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)20里設金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)城，位(wei)(wei)于東陽(yang)江、武義江和金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)江交匯(hui)(hui)處。北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)（玄武、坎位(wei)(wei)）是金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)城的太祖(zu)少祖(zu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，龍(long)(long)脈所(suo)含蘊的精氣凝重，芙蓉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)收納精氣，結(jie)斂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢過脈，是強大(da)的靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)；東側（青(qing)龍(long)(long)、震(zhen)位(wei)(wei)）的積道山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)；西(xi)（白(bai)虎、兌位(wei)(wei)）是綿綿南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的延(yan)伸，青(qing)龍(long)(long)白(bai)虎有侍衛護持著(zhu)；正南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)（朱雀(que)、離位(wei)(wei)）低矮的淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)(wei)砂，相互纏綿，可謂托多、護多、纏多，為(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long)神(shen)大(da)貴。婺江由東而西(xi)，至蘭溪匯(hui)(hui)衢江而入浙江。該城北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)水(shui)、北高(gao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)低、左(zuo)右有侍衛，符合(he)把城郭建在巨型“沙發(fa)”里的理念，是個不(bu)錯(cuo)的城郭。

北(bei)山(shan)(shan)南坡西(xi)南側過(guo)脈至(zhi)芙(fu)蓉(rong)峰，芙(fu)蓉(rong)峰騰空駕云，高為潛岳。《方輿記》云：“孤山(shan)(shan)獨(du)秀，狀(zhuang)若芙(fu)蓉(rong)，故名(ming)，郡(jun)縣(xian)來脈，皆本此(ci)山(shan)(shan)”。芙(fu)蓉(rong)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)體比較(jiao)尖，又俗稱尖峰山(shan)(shan)，所以人們就習慣叫尖峰山(shan)(shan)了，而(er)原(yuan)來的(de)(de)美名(ming)慢慢被遺忘(wang)。芙(fu)蓉(rong)山(shan)(shan)、尖峰山(shan)(shan)同一座山(shan)(shan)峰，不(bu)同的(de)(de)稱呼(hu)，可有不(bu)同的(de)(de)結果。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華最早叫“長(chang)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)”東(dong)漢初(chu)平三(san)年(nian)(nian)（192年(nian)(nian)）、“東(dong)陽郡(jun)”三(san)國吳寶鼎元年(nian)(nian)(266)置郡(jun)名(ming)東(dong)陽，隋開皇(huang)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)（597年(nian)(nian)）改稱金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華。尖峰山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)體是尖的(de)(de)，五(wu)行屬火，該火克著金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華的(de)(de)“金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)”，也許對金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華有一定的(de)(de)制(zhi)約。 在(zai)(zai)眾多的(de)(de)典(dian)籍中(zhong)，對金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華北(bei)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)稱謂有：長(chang)山(shan)(shan)、常(chang)山(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華山(shan)(shan)。在(zai)(zai)綿綿北(bei)山(shan)(shan)之中(zhong)還有不(bu)同的(de)(de)小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)名(ming)稱，如：芙(fu)蓉(rong)山(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華山(shan)(shan)、赤松山(shan)(shan)、煉丹山(shan)(shan)、乾(qian)峰山(shan)(shan)等(deng)等(deng)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華山(shan)(shan)乃有其小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)，在(zai)(zai)今(jin)付村(cun)(cun)鎮之北(bei)，過(guo)去這里屬于金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華鄉(xiang)（包括今(jin)付村(cun)(cun)、源(yuan)東(dong)），金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華畈(fan)延稱至(zhi)今(jin)。稱之為金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華北(bei)山(shan)(shan)。

歷史沿革

東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初(chu)平(ping)三(san)年(nian)(nian)（192）析(xi)烏(wu)傷（義烏(wu)前身）西(xi)南地(di)置長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，因縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)（又名(ming)常山(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)）（注：公元(yuan)562年(nian)(nian)才置金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)，在此之前注解金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)是欠妥的）得(de)名(ming)，為(wei)會(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)西(xi)部(bu)都尉治所；三(san)國吳(wu)(wu)寶鼎元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（266）分(fen)會(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)立東(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)，郡(jun)(jun)(jun)治長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)（以郡(jun)(jun)(jun)在瀫水（即衢江(jiang)與(yu)蘭江(jiang)之交(jiao)的一(yi)段）之東(dong)(dong)(dong)、長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)之陽(yang)(yang)(yang)得(de)名(ming)）；陳天嘉三(san)年(nian)(nian)（563）撤縉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)改(gai)名(ming)為(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)；隋開(kai)(kai)(kai)皇九年(nian)(nian)（589）置吳(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)廢建德(de)、太末、豐安(an)三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)入長(chang)(chang)安(an)，更名(ming)吳(wu)(wu)寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；開(kai)(kai)(kai)皇十二年(nian)(nian)（592）改(gai)吳(wu)(wu)寧(ning)(ning)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；開(kai)(kai)(kai)皇十三(san)年(nian)(nian)（593）設(she)置婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)；開(kai)(kai)(kai)皇十八年(nian)(nian)（598）改(gai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；隋大(da)業三(san)年(nian)(nian)（607）復(fu)置東(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)；唐(tang)武德(de)四年(nian)(nian)（621）復(fu)改(gai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、析(xi)建德(de)、太末地(di)復(fu)置縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、分(fen)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)兩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；武德(de)八年(nian)(nian)（625）廢長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)入金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；垂拱四年(nian)(nian)（688）改(gai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；神龍元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（705）復(fu)名(ming)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，沿用到(dao)2001年(nian)(nian)。 從(cong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)名(ming)來看(kan)自(zi)會(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)--東(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)—吳(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)—婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)—東(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)—婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)--東(dong)(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)--婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)—婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)武勝軍--婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)保寧(ning)(ning)軍--婺(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)路(lu)—寧(ning)(ning)越府(fu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)府(fu)—浙(zhe)江(jiang)省—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道—浙(zhe)江(jiang)省—第(di)八縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)政督察區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)—第(di)六行(xing)(xing)政督察區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)—蘭溪區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)—四、五、三(san)、八行(xing)(xing)政督察區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)--第(di)八行(xing)(xing)政區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)市到(dao)至今,易(yi)名(ming)27次。

而(er)金(jin)(jin)華縣(xian)則(ze)由(you)：長山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)—吳寧縣(xian)—東(dong)陽縣(xian)—金(jin)(jin)華縣(xian)，數易其名(ming)(ming)。在唐武(wu)德四年(nian)（621）分金(jin)(jin)華為(wei)金(jin)(jin)華、長山(shan)(shan)(shan)兩(liang)縣(xian)，那就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)，在金(jin)(jin)華同(tong)時存(cun)在過兩(liang)個(ge)縣(xian)，必(bi)須弄清楚兩(liang)個(ge)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)址，才能(neng)有(you)更確(que)切的(de)(de)(de)表述(shu)。 北山(shan)(shan)(shan)因雙(shuang)龍(long)洞的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)聲在外，現在是(shi)AAAA級風景(jing)名(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區(qu)。北山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂是(shi)大盤天景(jing)區(qu)，浙(zhe)中(zhong)涼都所在，金(jin)(jin)華山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂盤前農家樂(le)有(you)：芳園山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、涼都山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、美樂(le)山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、諸葛山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)等山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)共二百多(duo)個(ge)床位，同(tong)時可容(rong)納400多(duo)人用餐，是(shi)避暑、休閑、登山(shan)(shan)(shan)、聚會的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)園。為(wei)了便于管理，將羅店(dian)、新(xin)獅(shi)兩(liang)個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分村規劃其中(zhong)，因此(ci)，我(wo)們(men)把這(zhe)里放到最后來(lai)普(pu)查(cha)。雙(shuang)龍(long)景(jing)區(qu)管委會許光明主任高度重視這(zhe)次文物普(pu)查(cha)工作，全方位的(de)(de)(de)給于支(zhi)持(chi)，并且派出了兩(liang)名(ming)(ming)精(jing)兵強將全程陪同(tong)我(wo)們(men)。邢小平先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)是(shi)管委會的(de)(de)(de)得力干(gan)將，馬水根先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)是(shi)某藝術館的(de)(de)(de)退休干(gan)部(bu)、北山(shan)(shan)(shan)歷史文化(hua)遺(yi)存(cun)研究專家、《雙(shuang)龍(long)景(jing)區(qu)志》主要參與者，有(you)他們(men)兩(liang)人陪同(tong)，真可謂“老馬識途”，使我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)普(pu)查(cha)工作“一帆風順”。

從出土(tu)文物來看，早在(zai)新(xin)石器時期，就有人類在(zai)北(bei)山的雙龍洞內活動、東晉葛(ge)洪《神(shen)仙(xian)傳》所描述的黃初平，十五歲時在(zai)金華赤(chi)松山遇仙(xian)人，得道成仙(xian)。因他(ta)居(ju)于赤(chi)松山，所以人稱赤(chi)松黃大仙(xian)、雙龍洞和朝真洞成為道教的三十六洞天、歷史上曾經有數位(wei)皇帝在(zai)此(ci)(ci)祭天、新(xin)中國成立以后，有多位(wei)國家(jia)領導人在(zai)此(ci)(ci)駐足、歷代(dai)文人騷客留下了足跡、一(yi)個個溶(rong)洞形(xing)成了奇特仙(xian)境(jing)，葉(xie)圣(sheng)陶(tao)先生的《記(ji)金華的兩(liang)個溶(rong)洞》拉近(jin)了讀者(zhe)與北(bei)山的距離，最近(jin)又發現了還(huan)無法破解的神(shen)秘符(fu)號。