禹(yu)州(zhou)位于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)原腹地,因帝舜時大(da)禹(yu)治水有功,冊封于(yu)此而得名(ming),大(da)禹(yu)之子啟在(zai)這里建立了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)第(di)一(yi)個(ge)奴隸制王(wang)朝,故有華夏第(di)一(yi)都(dou)之譽。戰國(guo)(guo)時期改(gai)為陽翟,金、元為鈞(jun)州(zhou),明清后遂稱(cheng)為禹(yu)州(zhou)。素有“中(zhong)(zhong)華藥城(cheng)”之稱(cheng)的河南禹(yu)州(zhou),是我國(guo)(guo)醫藥發祥地之一(yi)。禹(yu)州(zhou)具有悠久的中(zhong)(zhong)藥材種植、采集、加工歷史,以(yi)加工精良(liang)、遵古炮(pao)制著(zhu)稱(cheng)于(yu)世。歷史上就有“藥不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)禹(yu)州(zhou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)香(xiang),醫不(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)藥王(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)妙”之說。
禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)市地(di)(di)(di)處豫東(dong)平原(yuan)過渡地(di)(di)(di)帶,人口120萬(wan),轄8鎮,14個(ge)(ge)鄉,4個(ge)(ge)辦事(shi)處。其(qi)地(di)(di)(di)勢西北面群山環繞,崗巒起伏,礦藏資源豐(feng)富(fu),東(dong)南(nan)(nan)側百(bai)里平原(yuan),一(yi)望(wang)無跡(ji)。盛(sheng)產(chan)(chan)動、植、礦物藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)1084種(zhong),蘊藏量1200萬(wan)公(gong)斤。其(qi)中:國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點普查的(de)(de)(de)363個(ge)(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)就有147個(ge)(ge),占40%;全(quan)省(sheng)統(tong)一(yi)普查的(de)(de)(de)351個(ge)(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)有225個(ge)(ge),占64%。秦朝(chao)著(zhu)(zhu)名商(shang)賈呂不韋(wei)靠(kao)販(fan)賣珠(zhu)寶及瑪瑙、珊瑚、琥珀(po)、珍珠(zhu)等(deng)主要藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)起家(jia)(jia),最(zui)終登上秦朝(chao)相(xiang)位(wei)。唐朝(chao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王孫思邈曾(ceng)長期游居禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou),行(xing)醫采(cai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),著(zhu)(zhu)書立(li)說,死后,禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)人民在(zai)西關購(gou)地(di)(di)(di)四畝,建“藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王閣(ge)”永久紀念。宋仁宗年(nian)(nian)間,陽翟古城寺(si)以東(dong)盛(sheng)產(chan)(chan)白芷、南(nan)(nan)星、菊花、薏米(mi)等(deng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai),時任河(he)南(nan)(nan)主薄的(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)(zhu)名詩(shi)人梅堯臣(chen)游覽禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou),正值春和(he)景明,翅花盛(sheng)開(kai)之(zhi)際,不禁詩(shi)興大(da)發,遂(sui)作詩(shi)一(yi)首(shou):“云外(wai)陽翟山,實與嵩少接,山中采(cai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人,能自辨苗葉,當須刨其(qi)根,以道(dao)素所(suo)愜”。元(yuan)世祖至元(yuan)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1264年(nian)(nian)),禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)已成(cheng)為藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)匯集之(zhi)區,填滿街(jie)市,猶如糞土,故(gu)農家(jia)(jia)深山大(da)壑采(cai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)者(zhe)往(wang)來不絕。明洪武元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1368年(nian)(nian)),朱元(yuan)璋(zhang)曾(ceng)詔令(ling)全(quan)國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)商(shang)來禹(yu)(yu)(yu)集結(jie),每(mei)年(nian)(nian)春、秋、冬三(san)個(ge)(ge)會期。“內而(er)全(quan)國(guo)22省(sheng)、外(wai)越(yue)西洋、南(nan)(nan)洋、東(dong)極高麗、北際庫(ku)倫,皆每(mei)車節轉而(er)至,真可謂無街(jie)不藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing),處處聞藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)香”。長期的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)交易(yi),逐漸產(chan)(chan)生了以經營類別(bie)或區域性質(zhi)劃分的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)幫(bang)(bang)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)棚幫(bang)(bang)、甘(gan)草幫(bang)(bang)、黨(dang)參幫(bang)(bang)、江西幫(bang)(bang)、山西幫(bang)(bang)、陜(shan)西幫(bang)(bang)、祁州(zhou)幫(bang)(bang)、商(shang)城幫(bang)(bang)、亳州(zhou)幫(bang)(bang)、金(jin)陵幫(bang)(bang)等(deng)18個(ge)(ge)幫(bang)(bang)會組織,繼(ji)而(er)形成(cheng)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)文化。明代(dai)(dai)周定王朱木蕭到禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)考察(cha)采(cai)集標本,于1406年(nian)(nian)撰(zhuan)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)《救(jiu)荒本草》共列可救(jiu)荒植物414種(zhong)。著(zhu)(zhu)有《普濟方(fang)》168卷(juan),收載醫方(fang)61709個(ge)(ge),為歷代(dai)(dai)醫方(fang)之(zhi)最(zui),在(zai)劇毒藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)處理(li)上,采(cai)取吸(xi)附分離(li)技術等(deng)都具有極高的(de)(de)(de)科學價值。清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)“保光清(qing)(qing)涼散(san)”、“九天阿膠”相(xiang)繼(ji)問世,行(xing)銷全(quan)國(guo),頗(po)享盛(sheng)譽。繼(ji)之(zhi)開(kai)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)名店藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)堂(tang)趙隆太,加工炮制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)“九蒸九制(zhi)大(da)熟地(di)(di)(di)”于宣統(tong)三(san)年(nian)(nian)在(zai)德國(guo)柏林舉辦的(de)(de)(de)“萬(wan)國(guo)博覽會”上參展。
禹州的中藥材種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)歷史悠久(jiu),明嘉靖年(nian)間,已(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)名貴地(di)道藥材45種(zhong)(zhong),禹白(bai)芷、禹南星(xing)、禹白(bai)附已(yi)列入(ru)李時珍的《本草綱目(mu)》。解(jie)放(fang)后,中藥材生產有較大(da)發(fa)展(zhan),1969年(nian)全市(shi)出現200多個(ge)藥材種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)村。1985年(nian)3月中藥材交流大(da)會重新(xin)恢復(fu),推(tui)動了中藥材種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業發(fa)展(zhan)。2000年(nian)落(luo)實種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積5萬畝,年(nian)產藥材2500萬公斤,建(jian)立(li)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)范村78個(ge),發(fa)展(zhan)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)范戶(hu)2000個(ge),連(lian)片示(shi)范田36個(ge)。
自春秋(qiu)戰國以來,神醫(yi)(yi)扁(bian)鵲、醫(yi)(yi)圣張(zhang)仲景、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王(wang)孫思邈等都曾在(zai)(zai)禹(yu)行(xing)(xing)醫(yi)(yi)采藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、著書立(li)說。在(zai)(zai)他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接影響下(xia),禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)業(ye)(ye)也(ye)得到大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),從唐朝(chao)開(kai)始禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)逐步形成,伴隨著藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步發展(zhan)和(he)繁榮,明(ming)朝(chao)時期,禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)就成為全國四大(da)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)集(ji)散地之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。1996年(nian),禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)被國家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)管理局、衛生部、國家(jia)(jia)工商(shang)(shang)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)管理局定(ding)為全國十七(qi)個(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),河南(nan)省唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)(jia)定(ding)點藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。二00一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian),禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)投資兩(liang)(liang)億元(yuan)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)幣(bi)新建(jian)了現今的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河南(nan)禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(又稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)城(cheng)(cheng))。該(gai)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國十七(qi)家(jia)(jia)標準化(hua)、規范化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)(jia)級中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),也(ye)是(shi)河南(nan)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)(jia)級定(ding)點中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)城(cheng)(cheng)占地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)四百(bai)(bai)余畝(mu),包括建(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)(ji)兩(liang)(liang)萬三(san)千(qian)(qian)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)、可容納(na)兩(liang)(liang)千(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)個(ge)攤(tan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心交易(yi)大(da)廳(ting),以及(ji)兩(liang)(liang)千(qian)(qian)余間三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)以上(shang)經(jing)商(shang)(shang)樓,并附屬倉儲(chu)、銀行(xing)(xing)、飯(fan)店(dian)、停車場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、娛(yu)樂場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)等各種服務設施,是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)集(ji)物流、信息、金融等為一(yi)(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)現代化(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)經(jing)營品種上(shang)千(qian)(qian)種,固定(ding)從業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)上(shang)萬人(ren)(ren),年(nian)交易(yi)額達十億元(yuan)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)幣(bi)。位(wei)(wei)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心位(wei)(wei)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交易(yi)大(da)廳(ting),由河南(nan)宋(song)基投資公(gong)司(si)獨資興建(jian),禹(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)業(ye)(ye)管理委員(yuan)會實(shi)行(xing)(xing)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)管理,是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要建(jian)筑設施。它占地三(san)十畝(mu),分(fen)上(shang)下(xia)兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng),層(ceng)(ceng)高八(ba)米(mi)。主(zhu)要采用(yong)柜臺陳列式經(jing)營。三(san)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攤(tan)位(wei)(wei)售價(jia)約為一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬五千(qian)(qian)元(yuan)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)幣(bi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)次性(xing)付(fu)清的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可獲(huo)贈交易(yi)柜臺。租(zu)(zu)用(yong)該(gai)攤(tan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)租(zu)(zu)金每年(nian)需兩(liang)(liang)千(qian)(qian)元(yuan)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)幣(bi)左右(you)。對于購買交易(yi)大(da)廳(ting)攤(tan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)買主(zhu),由政(zheng)府有關(guan)部門(men)辦理權屬證明(ming),擁有對攤(tan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出讓權、出租(zu)(zu)權、繼承(cheng)權、抵押(ya)權。整(zheng)個(ge)大(da)廳(ting)寬敞、明(ming)亮、整(zheng)潔、有序,是(shi)八(ba)方(fang)(fang)(fang)客商(shang)(shang)云(yun)集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)主(zhu)要交易(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所(suo)。市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)內二間三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)門(men)面(mian)房八(ba)十四平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang),共(gong)計二百(bai)(bai)三(san)十余平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang))經(jing)商(shang)(shang)樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)租(zu)(zu)金為七(qi)千(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)至八(ba)千(qian)(qian)元(yuan)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)幣(bi);三(san)間三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)門(men)面(mian)房一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)二十六平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang),共(gong)計三(san)百(bai)(bai)七(qi)十余平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)租(zu)(zu)金為一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬元(yuan)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)幣(bi)。
禹(yu)州(zhou)是全(quan)國17家標準化(hua)、規范化(hua)的國家級(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)場之一(yi),也是河(he)南(nan)唯一(yi)的國家級(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)場。2001年底(di),擁有藥(yao)商(shang)320家,從(cong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員2000余人,上市(shi)品種(zhong)2600種(zhong),年成交(jiao)額3億(yi)元(yuan)。為進一(yi)步(bu)繁榮市(shi)場,振興藥(yao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟騰飛,1998年,禹(yu)州(zhou)市(shi)委、市(shi)政府決定,進行(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)市(shi)場二期(qi)工程(cheng)建設,用2年左右時間(jian),建成一(yi)座大型現代化(hua)的“禹(yu)州(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)藥(yao)城”。全(quan)部工程(cheng)已經結束。該藥(yao)城占地300畝,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)交(jiao)易(yi)大廳建筑(zhu)面積2萬(wan)平(ping)方米,可容納攤位(wei)5000個,三層(ceng)以上經商(shang)樓(lou)2000間(jian),抽入使用后,預計年交(jiao)易(yi)額可達10億(yi)元(yuan)。
為適(shi)應中藥(yao)材市場發展的需(xu)要,中華藥(yao)城交(jiao)易大廳(ting)正在重新改造和定(ding)位。改造后的交(jiao)易大廳(ting)將設立河(he)南省唯一經(jing)國家授(shou)權,按(an)GSP標準經(jing)營中藥(yao)飲片的法定(ding)場所。
禹州中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材市(shi)場擁有(you)全國(guo)各地藥(yao)商六百多家(jia)。同時,在市(shi)場周邊(bian)聚集著許多內地知名中(zhong)(zhong)成藥(yao)廠家(jia),市(shi)場經營的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材品種達(da)上千(qian)種,以批發(fa)為主,兼顧(gu)零(ling)售,主要(yao)是現金交(jiao)易。由于(yu)依托周邊(bian)鄉(xiang)鎮三十余萬畝的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材種植基地,中(zhong)(zhong)華藥(yao)城的(de)藥(yao)材價廉物美,在國(guo)內中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材市(shi)場上占有(you)重要(yao)份額,頗受商家(jia)青睞。