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地理環境

位置

山(shan)東南四湖省(sheng)級自然保(bao)護區位于山(shan)東省(sheng)濟(ji)寧市微山(shan)縣、任城區、魚臺縣境(jing)內。地理坐標：34°27′一(yi)(yi)35°20'N，116°34'一(yi)(yi)117°E。

氣候

山東南四(si)湖省級自然(ran)保護區(qu)屬暖溫(wen)帶(dai)季風大陸性(xing)氣候，四(si)季分明(ming)。年(nian)均(jun)降雨且為773.6mm，年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照2515.5h，陸地年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)為13.8C，湖內年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)為14.3C。

水文

南(nan)四(si)湖平均(jun)水(shui)深1.46m，歷(li)史最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)水(shui)位(wei)36.48m，最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)蓄水(shui)面積12.66平方(fang)千米(mi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)蓄水(shui)量(liang)為53億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)，流(liu)域(yu)跨(kua)越(yue)山(shan)東、江蘇、河(he)(he)南(nan)、安徽4個(ge)省32個(ge)縣(xian) (市)，總流(liu)域(yu)面積317萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)，入湖河(he)(he)道共有53條，出湖水(shui)道主要有3條。  

南(nan)四湖屬中國準河(he)以北(bei)地區面積最大，結(jie)構(gou)完整，保存較(jiao)好的內陸大型淡(dan)水草型湖泊，占山東省淡(dan)水面積的47%，是中國十大淡(dan)水湖泊之一。

歷史沿革

1982年，微山縣(xian)政府批(pi)準成立為縣(xian)級南四湖保(bao)護區。

1996年，濟(ji)寧市政府(fu)又將(jiang)南四湖確立(li)為市級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區。

2003年，山東(dong)省政府批準成為省級(ji)自(zi)然保護(hu)區。

榮譽及其他

保護目標

植物資源

山東(dong)南四湖省級(ji)自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護區自然(ran)(ran)環境獨特、生物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源多(duo)樣，有(you)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)195種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)楊(yang)、柳、泡桐等48種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蘆葦(wei)、簏(lu)草(cao)等水生植物(wu)(wu)(wu)147種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家級(ji)保(bao)護植物(wu)(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在《瀕危野生動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)國(guo)際貿易公約(yue)》中(zhong)受保(bao)護的有(you)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

動物資源

山東南四(si)湖省級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區有(you)各種(zhong)(zhong)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)321種(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)：魚(yu)類(lei)80種(zhong)(zhong)、兩(liang)棲類(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)、爬(pa)行(xing)類(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類(lei)205種(zhong)(zhong)、獸類(lei)18種(zhong)(zhong)。脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)有(you)國家(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)大鴇、東方白鸛2種(zhong)(zhong)，國家(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)大天鵝(e)、鴛鴦、長耳鸮(xiao)等(deng)24種(zhong)(zhong)，山東省重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)35種(zhong)(zhong)。在《瀕危野生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)國際(ji)貿易(yi)公約》中(zhong)受(shou)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)31種(zhong)(zhong)。另外，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內(nei)無脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)有(you)浮游動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)248種(zhong)(zhong)、底棲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)68種(zhong)(zhong)、昆蟲415種(zhong)(zhong)。豐(feng)富的動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)資源是南四(si)湖濕地生物(wu)(wu)多樣性、典型性的重(zhong)(zhong)要體現(xian)。

山東(dong)(dong)南四(si)湖省級自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)中(zhong)，分(fen)別(bie)隸屬于9目(mu)16科53屬。其中(zhong)，鯉科魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)最多，達55種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)68.7 %；其次是鲿(chang)科5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)6.2 %；鰍科、鮨科各3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.8%；其它各類(lei)(lei)(lei)共14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)17.5%。兩棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)1目(mu)4科7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)蟾(chan)(chan)蜍(chu)科的(de)(de)中(zhong)華大蟾(chan)(chan)蜍(chu)、花背蟾(chan)(chan)蜍(chu)以及蛙科的(de)(de)黑斑蛙。爬行類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)3目(mu)5科11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，常見(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)烏龜為(wei)山東(dong)(dong)省重(zhong)點保(bao)護動(dong)物，無(wu)蹼壁虎為(wei)中(zhong)國特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)。205種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（其中(zhong)水禽81種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)隸屬于17目(mu)、53科。其中(zhong)留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)17.1%；夏候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)23.9%；冬候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)12.2%；旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)96種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)46.8%；廣(guang)布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)180種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)87.8%；古(gu)北種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)6.8%；東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.4%。獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)5目(mu)9科18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其黃鼬、艾鼬、狗獾、豹貓、赤(chi)狐為(wei)山東(dong)(dong)省重(zhong)點保(bao)護動(dong)物。

以上(shang)數據截至2013年(nian)

管理措施

①1982年建立縣(xian)級自然(ran)保護區(qu)。]996年建立市級自然(ran)保護區(qu)，2003年建立省級自然(ran)保護區(qu);。

②2004年(nian)成立“濟寧(ning)市南四湖自然保護(hu)區管理局(ju)”。

③2005年濟(ji)寧(ning)市(shi)政(zheng)府出(chu)臺了《濟(ji)寧(ning)市(shi)南四湖(hu)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區管理辦法》、成立了以市(shi)長為主(zhu)任委員(yuan)(yuan)的“濟(ji)寧(ning)市(shi)南四湖(hu)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區管理委員(yuan)(yuan)會。

④2005年一2006年在自(zi)然保護區實(shi)驗區和(he)核心(xin)區分界(jie)處安裝了570多個界(jie)樁，界(jie)牌和(he)浮標。

⑤2010年，市(shi)(shi)編委核(he)定管理局編制15名，并加掛“濟寧市(shi)(shi)濕地保護管理中心牌子”。

⑥積(ji)極開展國家級自然(ran)保護區申(shen)報(bao)晉升工作。編制完(wan)成了山東南(nan)四湖自然(ran)保護區綜合科學考(kao)察(cha)報(bao)告、總體(ti)規劃。

⑦積極申報(bao)濕(shi)地(di)恢復工(gong)程(cheng)項目。經過積極努力，我們(men)申報(bao)的“山東南四湖濕(shi)地(di)保護與恢復示范工(gong)程(cheng)項目可(ke)行性研究報(bao)告”已經國家(jia)林業局批復，總(zong)投資1433萬元，項目第一(yi)期投資資金(jin)已撥付到(dao)位(wei)；大力開展退耕、退池還林、還濕(shi)、還湖工(gong)程(cheng)。

⑧微(wei)山縣成立(li)湖(hu)上執法隊伍，負(fu)責保(bao)護區巡護工作和檢查。

⑨開展宣傳教育活動，設置宣傳牌并經常利用(yong)當(dang)地(di)廣播、報刊、電視等宣傳保(bao)護水禽和(he)濕地(di)的重要(yao)性。

生態價值

南四(si)湖濕地(di)生態系統(tong)典型，生物多樣性(xing)豐富，自(zi)然景觀獨特，具有(you)很高的(de)(de)保護價值和科研價值；南四(si)湖是重(zhong)要的(de)(de)水(shui)資源調蓄地(di)，是鳥(niao)類重(zhong)要的(de)(de)棲(qi)息(xi)地(di)和遷(qian)徙驛站，同時也是國(guo)家南水(shui)北調東線(xian)工程的(de)(de)重(zhong)要調水(shui)區(qu)。