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地理環境

位置

山(shan)東南四湖省(sheng)級自(zi)然保護(hu)區位于山(shan)東省(sheng)濟(ji)寧市微山(shan)縣、任(ren)城區、魚臺(tai)縣境內。地(di)理坐標：34°27′一35°20'N，116°34'一117°E。

氣候

山東南(nan)四(si)湖省(sheng)級自然保(bao)護區屬暖溫帶(dai)季風大陸性氣候(hou)，四(si)季分(fen)明(ming)。年均(jun)降雨(yu)且為(wei)773.6mm，年平(ping)均(jun)日照2515.5h，陸地(di)年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫為(wei)13.8C，湖內(nei)年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫為(wei)14.3C。

水文

南四湖(hu)平均水深(shen)1.46m，歷史最高水位36.48m，最大(da)蓄水面(mian)積12.66平方千米，最大(da)蓄水量為53億立方米，流域跨(kua)越山東、江蘇(su)、河(he)南、安徽4個(ge)省32個(ge)縣(xian) (市(shi))，總流域面(mian)積317萬公頃，入湖(hu)河(he)道(dao)共有53條(tiao)，出(chu)湖(hu)水道(dao)主要有3條(tiao)。  

南四(si)湖(hu)屬中國(guo)準(zhun)河以北地區面積最(zui)大(da)，結(jie)構完整，保存(cun)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)內(nei)陸大(da)型淡(dan)(dan)水草型湖(hu)泊，占(zhan)山東(dong)省淡(dan)(dan)水面積的(de)(de)47%，是中國(guo)十大(da)淡(dan)(dan)水湖(hu)泊之(zhi)一。

歷史沿革

1982年，微(wei)山(shan)縣政府批準成立為(wei)縣級南四(si)湖保護區(qu)。

1996年，濟寧市(shi)政府(fu)又將南四湖確立(li)為市(shi)級(ji)自然保護區。

2003年，山東省政府批準成為省級自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區。

榮譽及其他

保護目標

植物資源

山東南四(si)湖省(sheng)級(ji)自然保護區自然環境獨特、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)資源多樣，有(you)各種(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)195種(zhong)，其中(zhong)楊、柳、泡(pao)桐等48種(zhong)，蘆(lu)葦、簏草(cao)等水生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)147種(zhong)，國家(jia)級(ji)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)，在《瀕危野生(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)國際貿易公約》中(zhong)受(shou)保護的有(you)30種(zhong)。

動物資源

山東南四(si)湖省級自然保護(hu)(hu)區有各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)321種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中：魚(yu)類(lei)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、兩棲類(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、爬行(xing)類(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類(lei)205種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、獸類(lei)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中有國家Ⅰ級保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有大鴇、東方白(bai)鸛2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家Ⅱ級保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有大天鵝、鴛(yuan)鴦、長耳鸮等24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，山東省重(zhong)點保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)《瀕危野生動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易公約(yue)》中受保護(hu)(hu)的野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。另外，保護(hu)(hu)區內無(wu)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中有浮(fu)游(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)248種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、底棲動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、昆蟲415種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。豐富(fu)的動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源是南四(si)湖濕地生物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性、典型性的重(zhong)要體現(xian)。

山(shan)東南(nan)四湖省(sheng)(sheng)級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)，分別隸屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)9目(mu)(mu)16科53屬(shu)(shu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，鯉科魚類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)最多，達(da)55種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)68.7 %；其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次是鲿科5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)6.2 %；鰍科、鮨(qi)科各3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.8%；其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它各類(lei)(lei)共14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)17.5%。兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)1目(mu)(mu)4科7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為蟾蜍科的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)華大蟾蜍、花(hua)背(bei)蟾蜍以及蛙(wa)科的(de)黑斑(ban)蛙(wa)。爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)有3目(mu)(mu)5科11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，常見種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)烏龜為山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護動物(wu)，無(wu)蹼(pu)壁虎(hu)為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)。205種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)水禽81種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)隸屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)17目(mu)(mu)、53科。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)17.1%；夏候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)23.9%；冬(dong)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)12.2%；旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)96種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)46.8%；廣布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有180種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)87.8%；古北種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)6.8%；東洋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.4%。獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)有5目(mu)(mu)9科18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)黃(huang)鼬(you)、艾鼬(you)、狗獾(huan)、豹貓、赤(chi)狐為山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護動物(wu)。

以上數據截至2013年

管理措施

①1982年(nian)建(jian)(jian)立縣(xian)級自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)。]996年(nian)建(jian)(jian)立市級自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)，2003年(nian)建(jian)(jian)立省(sheng)級自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu);。

②2004年成(cheng)立“濟寧市南四湖自(zi)然保護區管(guan)理局(ju)”。

③2005年濟(ji)(ji)寧市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)出臺了(le)《濟(ji)(ji)寧市(shi)(shi)南(nan)四(si)湖自(zi)然保護區管理(li)辦法》、成立了(le)以市(shi)(shi)長為主(zhu)任委員(yuan)的“濟(ji)(ji)寧市(shi)(shi)南(nan)四(si)湖自(zi)然保護區管理(li)委員(yuan)會。

④2005年一2006年在自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)實(shi)驗區(qu)和核心(xin)區(qu)分界處(chu)安(an)裝(zhuang)了570多(duo)個界樁，界牌和浮標。

⑤2010年，市(shi)編(bian)委核定管理局編(bian)制15名，并加掛“濟(ji)寧市(shi)濕地保(bao)護管理中(zhong)心牌子”。

⑥積極開展國家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)申(shen)報晉升(sheng)工作(zuo)。編制完成(cheng)了(le)山東南四湖自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)綜合科學考察(cha)報告、總體規劃。

⑦積(ji)極(ji)(ji)申報(bao)濕地恢復(fu)工程項目(mu)。經過(guo)積(ji)極(ji)(ji)努(nu)力，我們(men)申報(bao)的“山東南四湖(hu)(hu)濕地保護與恢復(fu)示(shi)范工程項目(mu)可行(xing)性(xing)研(yan)究報(bao)告”已經國家林業局批復(fu)，總投資1433萬元，項目(mu)第一期投資資金已撥付到位；大力開展(zhan)退(tui)耕、退(tui)池還林、還濕、還湖(hu)(hu)工程。

⑧微(wei)山縣(xian)成立湖上執法(fa)隊(dui)伍，負(fu)責(ze)保護區巡護工作和檢查(cha)。

⑨開展宣(xuan)(xuan)傳教育活動，設置宣(xuan)(xuan)傳牌并經(jing)常(chang)利用(yong)當地(di)廣播、報(bao)刊、電(dian)視等宣(xuan)(xuan)傳保護(hu)水(shui)禽和濕地(di)的重要性。

生態價值

南四湖濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系統典型，生(sheng)物多樣性豐富，自然景觀獨特(te)，具有很高的保護價值和科研價值；南四湖是(shi)重要(yao)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源調蓄(xu)地(di)(di)，是(shi)鳥類(lei)重要(yao)的棲息(xi)地(di)(di)和遷徙驛站(zhan)，同時也是(shi)國家南水(shui)(shui)(shui)北調東線工程的重要(yao)調水(shui)(shui)(shui)區。