山東電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)集(ji)團公司(si)將在(zai)煙臺(tai)、濱州(zhou)、日照等(deng)地(di)建(jian)設(she)8座220千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)的(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)匯集(ji)站(zhan)。據悉,山東海(hai)上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)展規(gui)劃(hua)已(yi)通過(guo)評審。根(gen)據評審初步結果,“十二五”末(mo),山東全省風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)總裝機量(liang)要(yao)(yao)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)800萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)以上,“十三五”末(mo)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)1500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。其(qi)中(zhong),規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)設(she)海(hai)上千(qian)(qian)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)級(ji)(ji)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)地(di)是(shi)未(wei)來重要(yao)(yao)工作部(bu)署,到(dao)(dao)(dao)2030將年(nian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)建(jian)設(she)魯北、萊州(zhou)灣、渤中(zhong)、長島、半島北、半島南6個百萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)級(ji)(ji)海(hai)上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)地(di),規(gui)劃(hua)總容(rong)量(liang)為1255萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),到(dao)(dao)(dao)2015年(nian)力(li)爭達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)200萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、2020年(nian)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)600萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。目(mu)前,山東省已(yi)并(bing)網(wang)的(de)單個風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場規(gui)模(mo)一(yi)般在(zai)5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)以下(xia)(xia),大(da)(da)多就近接(jie)入110千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)及以下(xia)(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。但是(shi),在(zai)建(jian)及后(hou)續風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場開(kai)發(fa)(fa)規(gui)模(mo)大(da)(da)多超過(guo)10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),部(bu)分項目(mu)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)和30萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),呈現集(ji)中(zhong)、連片開(kai)發(fa)(fa)態勢(shi),需要(yao)(yao)接(jie)入220千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)及以上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。此外,由(you)于風(feng)能資源較好的(de)區(qu)域大(da)(da)多位于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)末(mo)端,局部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)接(jie)入條件有限。因此,山東電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)集(ji)團公司(si)將進(jin)一(yi)步加大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設(she)力(li)度,規(gui)劃(hua)“十二五”期間在(zai)煙臺(tai)的(de)海(hai)陽和招遠、濱州(zhou)的(de)沾化、日照的(de)莒縣、威(wei)海(hai)的(de)乳山等(deng)地(di)建(jian)設(she)8座220千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)匯集(ji)站(zhan),滿足大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)海(hai)上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)接(jie)入需要(yao)(yao)。
山東作為中國風能資源最豐富的地(di)(di)區(qu)之一(yi),風能資源總量達到6700萬(wan)KW,主要集(ji)中在(zai)半(ban)島沿(yan)岸(an)地(di)(di)區(qu)、海島和(he)山區(qu)海拔較高(gao)(gao)(gao)的平(ping)坦區(qu)域。三面(mian)環海的山東半(ban)島,在(zai)自然(ran)環境(jing)上具備(bei)建(jian)設大型風力發電(dian)場的基礎條件。山東海上風能儲量比(bi)陸(lu)地(di)(di)大,風速高(gao)(gao)(gao),靜風期(qi)少,風電(dian)效率更高(gao)(gao)(gao)。
山東(dong)地(di)(di)處(chu)東(dong)亞季(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)區,受(shou)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和地(di)(di)理(li)環境的(de)綜合影響,盛行(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向的(de)季(ji)節變化(hua)即有(you)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環流的(de)規(gui)律(lv)性,也有(you)地(di)(di)方性風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)特點。冬季(ji)受(shou)蒙(meng)古冷(leng)高壓(ya)(ya)控制,大部地(di)(di)區盛行(xing)偏北風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng);春季(ji)蒙(meng)古冷(leng)高壓(ya)(ya)勢(shi)力減(jian)弱(ruo),開始盛行(xing)偏南(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng);夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)受(shou)大陸熱低壓(ya)(ya)控制,大部地(di)(di)區盛行(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向為南(nan)到東(dong)南(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng);秋季(ji)蒙(meng)古高壓(ya)(ya)迅(xun)速向南(nan)推進(jin),夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)退出(chu),逐漸由夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)轉為冬季(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)形(xing)勢(shi)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向的(de)口變化(hua)受(shou)地(di)(di)形(xing)與地(di)(di)理(li)位置的(de)影響很大,常(chang)表現(xian)為地(di)(di)方性風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),使風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向在一口之中有(you)規(gui)律(lv)地(di)(di)轉換。
隨著環境污染逐漸演變為嚴重的(de)社(she)會隱患,新能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)發(fa)展更加(jia)迫切。而我國的(de)風能(neng)發(fa)電行業的(de)發(fa)展已經建立一定基礎,具有廣闊(kuo)的(de)拓(tuo)展前景。同時,根(gen)據(ju)“十二五”可再生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua),2015年(nian)中國海上風力(li)電裝機容(rong)量將(jiang)達到(dao)(dao)500萬千(qian)瓦,2020年(nian)中國海上風電將(jiang)達到(dao)(dao)3000萬千(qian)瓦。這些都使風力(li)資源(yuan)成為新能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展的(de)熱點。
而已經公布的數據中(zhong),到(dao)(dao)2015年山東的海(hai)上風(feng)電裝機總容(rong)(rong)量將(jiang)(jiang)達到(dao)(dao)3GW;到(dao)(dao)2020年山東的海(hai)上風(feng)電裝機容(rong)(rong)量將(jiang)(jiang)達到(dao)(dao)7GW。從可再(zai)生能源規劃(hua)來看,山東將(jiang)(jiang)是中(zhong)國海(hai)上風(feng)電未來最(zui)大的潛(qian)在增(zeng)長(chang)點之一。
風能(neng)資源(yuan)的多少主要(yao)取決(jue)于風能(neng)密度和可利用的風能(neng)年累積小(xiao)時數。
風能(neng)主要(yao)用(yong)有(you)效(xiao)風速(su)、有(you)效(xiao)風速(su)小時(shi)數、有(you)效(xiao)風速(su)頻率、有(you)效(xiao)風能(neng)和有(you)效(xiao)風能(neng)密度、風功率密度等主要(yao)參(can)數來反(fan)映,也(ye)就是用(yong)這些(xie)參(can)數來描述、分析、計算出當(dang)地風能(neng)情況。
可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主要(yao)表現(xian)為太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、水能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、地熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、海洋能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、生(sheng)物能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)形式,美(mei)國(guo)、加拿大、口(kou)本、印度等(deng)國(guo)家以及歐盟(meng)都(dou)制定了相關政策積極推動(dong)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。據(ju)國(guo)際能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)機構發(fa)(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)(((2012世界能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)展(zhan)(zhan)望》中(zhong)預(yu)計,到(dao)2035年,可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)量(liang)將(jiang)占(zhan)(zhan)全球(qiu)總發(fa)(fa)電(dian)量(liang)近三(san)分之一。美(mei)國(guo)聯(lian)邦能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)監管(guan)委員(yuan)會能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)項目(mu)辦公室發(fa)(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)《能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構報(bao)告》顯(xian)示,2012年前(qian)十(shi)個月份新(xin)(xin)增可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝機占(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)增電(dian)力(li)裝機總量(liang)的(de)(de)46.22%,美(mei)國(guo)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝機容量(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)總裝機量(liang)的(de)(de)14.93%,已高于核電(dian)9.27%和(he)石油4.32%之和(he)。
Jeng 02008)研(yan)究(jiu)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)德國(guo)國(guo)家政策的(de)(de)扶持(chi)對(dui)可再(zai)生(sheng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)所(suo)(suo)起(qi)的(de)(de)推動作用(yong)要(yao)勝過(guo)其(qi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)享賦,政策的(de)(de)宣傳貫(guan)徹(che)引(yin)導和(he)加深了國(guo)民對(dui)可再(zai)生(sheng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)認(ren)識(shi),進而帶動資(zi)(zi)(zi)金和(he)技術(shu)的(de)(de)投入,政府則通(tong)過(guo)建立相關法律保障、提(ti)供順暢(chang)的(de)(de)溝通(tong)渠道、給(gei)予稅收(shou)(shou)優(you)惠和(he)經(jing)濟豐「貝占(zhan)等方式降(jiang)低開發(fa)(fa)商的(de)(de)成本,幫(bang)助其(qi)拓(tuo)寬市場。Shishir C 2005)指出,由公共部門購(gou)買(mai)可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力并且事先(xian)確定(ding)購(gou)買(mai)價格有助于減少產業收(shou)(shou)益的(de)(de)不確定(ding)性(xing)。Lew 02000)考察發(fa)(fa)現(xian)公共部門所(suo)(suo)制(zhi)定(ding)政策的(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)、系(xi)統性(xing)對(dui)風力設(she)備制(zhi)造業有重要(yao)影響。美國(guo)所(suo)(suo)實施的(de)(de)可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配額制(zhi)(RPS)要(yao)求州或自治區所(suo)(suo)提(ti)供的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量要(yao)有一逐(zhu)年增(zeng)加的(de)(de)比例的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量來自于可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian),保證了可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)產業的(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)持(chi)續增(zeng)長。
工(gong)業(ye)(ye)革(ge)命后,資(zi)源(yuan)消耗(hao)以(yi)石油、煤炭等化石資(zi)源(yuan)為主(zhu)。1890年(nian)(nian),荷斯礁最先制定了風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)計劃(hua),并在之(zhi)后的(de)(de)二(er)十年(nian)(nian)間,制造出(chu)72臺較(jiao)小容量(liang)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)力(li)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji),之(zhi)后還建成了一(yi)批小型風(feng)(feng)(feng)力(li)發(fa)(fa)電站(zhan),為當前(qian)荷斯礁風(feng)(feng)(feng)電產業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)蓬勃發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)奠定了堅實(shi)的(de)(de)基礎。美(mei)國也曾在二(er)十世紀四十年(nian)(nian)代初建成一(yi)大型風(feng)(feng)(feng)力(li)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)組(zu),但是(shi)使用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)并不高。對風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)利(li)用(yong)的(de)(de)關(guan)注點(dian)之(zhi)一(yi)就是(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)貯存量(liang)的(de)(de)預測評估(gu)。美(mei)國和(he)加拿大都曾建立專門的(de)(de)氣象實(shi)驗室,建模模擬各地一(yi)定范圍(wei)內(nei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)分布狀況,加之(zhi)對多個測點(dian)的(de)(de)補充測風(feng)(feng)(feng)詳查風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)源(yuan),最終繪制出(chu)高分辨率(lv)的(de)(de)包括風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)密度、可(ke)開發(fa)(fa)面積等詳細數據在內(nei)的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)狀況分布圖,對于(yu)以(yi)后的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電場選址、風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)利(li)用(yong)等實(shi)務操(cao)作(zuo)具有重要的(de)(de)指導意義。
根(gen)據全(quan)球風(feng)能理事會(GWEC)發布的(de)全(quan)球風(feng)電(dian)市場裝(zhuang)機(ji)數(shu)(shu)據,風(feng)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量達到(dao)40561兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦,該新增(zeng)容(rong)量使全(quan)球累計(ji)風(feng)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)達到(dao)2011年,全(quan)球新增(zeng)237669兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦。這一(yi)數(shu)(shu)據表明全(quan)球累計(ji)裝(zhuang)機(ji)實現了(le)21%的(de)年增(zeng)長,新增(zeng)裝(zhuang)機(ji)增(zeng)長達到(dao)6%。到(dao)目前為止,全(quan)球75個(ge)國(guo)家有商業(ye)運營的(de)風(feng)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji),其(qi)中22個(ge)國(guo)家的(de)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量超(chao)過(guo)1000兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦。
在海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目被(bei)中國(guo)各主要(yao)整機企業如(ru)火如(ru)荼的(de)實施(shi)的(de)同時,學術界對于海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)能的(de)開發(fa)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)也在有條(tiao)不(bu)紊的(de)進行(xing)。2007年(nian),李靖(jing)和王曉東(dong)(dong)以(yi)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)東(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai)大橋(qiao)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目為例比(bi)較了陸上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)與海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)在運(yun)行(xing)成本構成、發(fa)電(dian)(dian)小時數、海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)造(zao)價結(jie)構的(de)不(bu)同,通過全面的(de)經濟性分析(xi),對海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)在我國(guo)的(de)發(fa)展前景(jing)作(zuo)了展望。
此外,辛華龍(2010)從發(fa)(fa)展海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電的(de)(de)(de)優點、國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)豐富的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能資源、國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電技術裝(zhuang)備(bei)、歐洲海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)功經(jing)營經(jing)驗出發(fa)(fa),并結合(he)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)基本情況,說明在(zai)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)必要(yao)進行(xing)大(da)規模(mo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能開發(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong),同(tong)時(shi),對(dui)于(yu)如何進行(xing)開發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能提(ti)出了(le)(le)(le)相應的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議。姜鵬飛在(zai)《國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)發(fa)(fa)展海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電的(de)(de)(de)前景(jing)和(he)(he)經(jing)濟分析》一文中介紹了(le)(le)(le)歐洲海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電場的(de)(de)(de)基本情況,如單位造(zao)價和(he)(he)成(cheng)本構(gou)成(cheng)等,簡單剖析了(le)(le)(le)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電利用(yong)(yong)(yong)成(cheng)本高企(qi)的(de)(de)(de)原因,同(tong)時(shi)姜鵬飛還結合(he)歐洲主要(yao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電利用(yong)(yong)(yong)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)已有(you)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電場的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)價水平對(dui)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設進行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)經(jing)濟分析與評(ping)價。劉林,葛旭波,張義(2012)系統(tong)梳(shu)理了(le)(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電裝(zhuang)機的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展現(xian)狀(zhuang),同(tong)時(shi)結合(he)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能資源條件和(he)(he)項目(mu)特點對(dui)目(mu)前海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電開發(fa)(fa)過程(cheng)中存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題和(he)(he)待解決問(wen)題進行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)重點研究,并對(dui)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電開發(fa)(fa),建(jian)(jian)設和(he)(he)維(wei)護提(ti)出了(le)(le)(le)諸多(duo)建(jian)(jian)議。
國(guo)內學者(zhe)除了(le)在經(jing)濟(ji)評(ping)價和(he)成本分析(xi)中(zhong)有大量的(de)(de)研究成果(guo)外,一些(xie)學者(zhe)也開始關注海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)電的(de)(de)社會及環境效益。陳曉(xiao)明(ming),王紅(hong)梅,劉燕星等(2010)對世界范圍內的(de)(de)已建(jian)(jian)、在建(jian)(jian)和(he)擬建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)各(ge)類(lei)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)電場項目在建(jian)(jian)設和(he)運營維(wei)護過(guo)程中(zhong)出現的(de)(de)各(ge)類(lei)環境問(wen)題進行(xing)(xing)了(le)系(xi)統深(shen)入(ru)的(de)(de)評(ping)估(gu),并結合當地情況提出了(le)可行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)監測、治(zhi)理和(he)預防(fang)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議措施,并以(yi)東臺(tai)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)電場項目為(wei)例(li)(li)(li)進行(xing)(xing)了(le)環境影響評(ping)估(gu)的(de)(de)實證(zheng)研究。嚴曉(xiao)建(jian)(jian)(2011)以(yi)江(jiang)蘇省為(wei)例(li)(li)(li)對沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)潮(chao)間帶風(feng)(feng)產(chan)業(ye)進行(xing)(xing)了(le)系(xi)統的(de)(de)研究,從經(jing)濟(ji)、社會、環境三個(ge)角度建(jian)(jian)立沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)開發(fa)的(de)(de)綜合評(ping)價模型,并結合實例(li)(li)(li)對上(shang)(shang)述評(ping)價模型進行(xing)(xing)了(le)驗證(zheng),為(wei)國(guo)內海(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展提供了(le)參考意見。
在(zai)低(di)碳經濟呼聲高漲的(de)(de)(de)(de)今天,研究(jiu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)已(yi)成為(wei)世(shi)界各國(guo)關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)焦點。風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)因其易獲(huo)取、分布地(di)域廣等(deng)優勢而備受矚目,并且風(feng)(feng)力發(fa)(fa)電作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)種清潔可再生的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技術脫穎而出。從理(li)(li)(li)論研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度,風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)滿(man)足世(shi)界能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應、維護(hu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全、保(bao)護(hu)生態環境、實現(xian)可持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)已(yi)不言而喻(yu),以經濟理(li)(li)(li)論為(wei)支(zhi)撐對(dui)風(feng)(feng)電產(chan)業進行分析(xi)評價有(you)助(zhu)于這一(yi)(yi)朝陽產(chan)業健康迅(xun)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。通過梳理(li)(li)(li)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)利用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)論研究(jiu)和實踐操作(zuo),借(jie)鑒國(guo)外(wai)較為(wei)成熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)電產(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展經驗(yan)與(yu)實現(xian)路徑,基于山東省海上(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)狀況,結(jie)合海上(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)電開(kai)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)狀及發(fa)(fa)展趨勢分析(xi),從經濟、社會兩個(ge)角度搭建海上(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效益評價模型(xing),以期發(fa)(fa)現(xian)山東省這一(yi)(yi)地(di)域范圍內(nei)海上(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)方(fang)面所存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)并且擬提供解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)策略。