山(shan)東(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力集(ji)團公(gong)司將在(zai)煙(yan)臺、濱(bin)州、日照等地建(jian)(jian)設8座220千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)的(de)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)匯集(ji)站(zhan)。據悉,山(shan)東(dong)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)展規(gui)(gui)劃已通過(guo)(guo)評審。根據評審初步結(jie)果,“十二五”末,山(shan)東(dong)全省(sheng)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)總裝機量要(yao)達到800萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)以(yi)上(shang),“十三五”末達到1500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。其中(zhong),規(gui)(gui)劃建(jian)(jian)設海(hai)(hai)上(shang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)級風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地是未(wei)來重要(yao)工作部(bu)署,到2030將年開發(fa)建(jian)(jian)設魯北、萊(lai)州灣、渤中(zhong)、長島、半島北、半島南6個百萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)級海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地,規(gui)(gui)劃總容(rong)量為1255萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),到2015年力爭達到200萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)、2020年達到600萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。目前,山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)已并網的(de)單個風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場規(gui)(gui)模(mo)一般在(zai)5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)以(yi)下,大多就近接(jie)入110千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)及以(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。但是,在(zai)建(jian)(jian)及后續風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場開發(fa)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)大多超過(guo)(guo)10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),部(bu)分項目達到了20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)和30萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),呈(cheng)現集(ji)中(zhong)、連片開發(fa)態(tai)勢,需(xu)要(yao)接(jie)入220千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)及以(yi)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。此外,由于風(feng)(feng)能資源(yuan)較好(hao)的(de)區域大多位于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網末端,局部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網接(jie)入條件有限(xian)。因(yin)此,山(shan)東(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力集(ji)團公(gong)司將進一步加大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建(jian)(jian)設力度,規(gui)(gui)劃“十二五”期間在(zai)煙(yan)臺的(de)海(hai)(hai)陽和招遠(yuan)、濱(bin)州的(de)沾化、日照的(de)莒縣(xian)、威海(hai)(hai)的(de)乳山(shan)等地建(jian)(jian)設8座220千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)匯集(ji)站(zhan),滿足大規(gui)(gui)模(mo)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)接(jie)入需(xu)要(yao)。
山東作為中國風(feng)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)源最豐(feng)富的(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)之一(yi),風(feng)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)源總量(liang)達到6700萬KW,主要集中在(zai)半島(dao)沿岸地(di)區(qu)、海(hai)(hai)島(dao)和山區(qu)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)較高的(de)(de)平坦區(qu)域。三面環(huan)海(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)山東半島(dao),在(zai)自然環(huan)境上具備建設大型(xing)風(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)場的(de)(de)基礎條件。山東海(hai)(hai)上風(feng)能(neng)(neng)儲量(liang)比陸地(di)大,風(feng)速高,靜風(feng)期少,風(feng)電(dian)效率(lv)更高。
山(shan)東地(di)處東亞季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)區(qu),受季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和地(di)理環(huan)境的(de)綜合(he)影響,盛(sheng)行風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)的(de)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節變化(hua)即有季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)流的(de)規律(lv)性,也有地(di)方性風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)特點。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)受蒙古冷高(gao)壓(ya)控制,大(da)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)盛(sheng)行偏北(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng);春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)蒙古冷高(gao)壓(ya)勢(shi)力減弱,開始盛(sheng)行偏南(nan)(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng);夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)受大(da)陸(lu)熱低壓(ya)控制,大(da)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)盛(sheng)行風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)為南(nan)(nan)到東南(nan)(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng);秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)蒙古高(gao)壓(ya)迅速向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)推進,夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)退出,逐(zhu)漸由(you)夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)轉為冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)形勢(shi)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)的(de)口(kou)變化(hua)受地(di)形與地(di)理位置的(de)影響很(hen)大(da),常(chang)表(biao)現(xian)為地(di)方性風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),使風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)在一口(kou)之中有規律(lv)地(di)轉換。
隨(sui)著環境污染逐漸演變為嚴重的(de)社會隱患,新能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展更加迫切。而我國的(de)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)行業的(de)發(fa)(fa)展已經建立一定基礎,具有廣闊的(de)拓展前(qian)景。同(tong)時,根據“十二五”可再生能(neng)源(yuan)規劃,2015年中國海上風(feng)(feng)力電(dian)裝機(ji)容量將達(da)到(dao)500萬千(qian)瓦(wa),2020年中國海上風(feng)(feng)電(dian)將達(da)到(dao)3000萬千(qian)瓦(wa)。這(zhe)些都使風(feng)(feng)力資源(yuan)成(cheng)為新能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)熱點。
而已經公布的(de)數據中,到(dao)(dao)(dao)2015年山東(dong)(dong)的(de)海上(shang)(shang)風電(dian)裝機總容(rong)量將達到(dao)(dao)(dao)3GW;到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年山東(dong)(dong)的(de)海上(shang)(shang)風電(dian)裝機容(rong)量將達到(dao)(dao)(dao)7GW。從可再生能源規劃來看(kan),山東(dong)(dong)將是中國海上(shang)(shang)風電(dian)未來最(zui)大的(de)潛(qian)在增(zeng)長點之一。
風(feng)(feng)能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)多少主要取決于風(feng)(feng)能(neng)密度和可利(li)用的(de)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)年累積小時數。
風(feng)(feng)(feng)能主要用有效(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)、有效(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)小(xiao)時數(shu)、有效(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)頻(pin)率(lv)、有效(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)能和有效(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)能密(mi)(mi)度、風(feng)(feng)(feng)功率(lv)密(mi)(mi)度等主要參(can)數(shu)來反(fan)映,也就(jiu)是用這些參(can)數(shu)來描(miao)述(shu)、分析、計(ji)算出當地風(feng)(feng)(feng)能情況(kuang)。
可(ke)再生(sheng)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主要表現為太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)、風能(neng)(neng)、水能(neng)(neng)、地熱能(neng)(neng)、海洋(yang)能(neng)(neng)、生(sheng)物能(neng)(neng)等形式,美國(guo)、加拿大、口本、印度等國(guo)家以及歐盟都制定了相關政策積極推動新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。據國(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)機構發(fa)布(bu)的(de)(((2012世界能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)展(zhan)望(wang)》中預計,到2035年,可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電量將(jiang)占全球總發(fa)電量近三分之一。美國(guo)聯邦能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)監管委員會能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)目辦公室發(fa)布(bu)的(de)《能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構報告》顯示,2012年前十(shi)個(ge)月份新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機占新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)電力(li)裝機總量的(de)46.22%,美國(guo)可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機容量占到總裝機量的(de)14.93%,已高于核電9.27%和石(shi)油4.32%之和。
Jeng 02008)研究發現德國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)政(zheng)策的(de)扶持(chi)(chi)對(dui)可(ke)再(zai)生資(zi)源的(de)發展所起(qi)的(de)推動作用要勝(sheng)過其(qi)資(zi)源享賦,政(zheng)策的(de)宣傳貫徹引導和加深(shen)了(le)國(guo)(guo)民對(dui)可(ke)再(zai)生資(zi)源的(de)認(ren)識,進而帶動資(zi)金和技術的(de)投入,政(zheng)府則通過建立相關法律保障、提供順暢的(de)溝通渠道、給予(yu)稅收優惠(hui)和經濟豐(feng)「貝占等方式降低開發商的(de)成本(ben),幫助其(qi)拓寬市場。Shishir C 2005)指出,由公共部門購買可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源電(dian)力(li)并且(qie)事先確定(ding)購買價格有(you)(you)助于減少產業(ye)收益的(de)不確定(ding)性(xing)。Lew 02000)考察發現公共部門所制定(ding)政(zheng)策的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)、系統性(xing)對(dui)風(feng)力(li)設備制造業(ye)有(you)(you)重要影響。美國(guo)(guo)所實施的(de)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源配額制(RPS)要求州或(huo)自治區所提供的(de)電(dian)量要有(you)(you)一逐年增(zeng)(zeng)加的(de)比(bi)例的(de)電(dian)量來自于可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源發電(dian),保證了(le)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源發電(dian)產業(ye)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)持(chi)(chi)續增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)。
工業(ye)革(ge)命后(hou)(hou),資源消(xiao)耗以石(shi)油、煤(mei)炭等化(hua)石(shi)資源為主。1890年(nian),荷(he)斯(si)礁最(zui)先制(zhi)定了風(feng)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)計劃,并(bing)在(zai)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)二十(shi)年(nian)間,制(zhi)造(zao)出72臺較小容量(liang)的(de)風(feng)力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機,之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)還建(jian)成了一(yi)批小型(xing)風(feng)力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)站,為當(dang)前荷(he)斯(si)礁風(feng)電(dian)(dian)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)蓬勃(bo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)奠定了堅實(shi)的(de)基礎。美(mei)國也曾在(zai)二十(shi)世(shi)紀四十(shi)年(nian)代初建(jian)成一(yi)大型(xing)風(feng)力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組,但是使(shi)用效率(lv)(lv)并(bing)不高。對(dui)(dui)風(feng)能(neng)利用的(de)關注點之(zhi)一(yi)就是風(feng)能(neng)貯存量(liang)的(de)預測評估(gu)。美(mei)國和加(jia)拿大都曾建(jian)立專(zhuan)門的(de)氣(qi)象(xiang)實(shi)驗室,建(jian)模模擬各(ge)地一(yi)定范(fan)圍內風(feng)能(neng)分(fen)布(bu)狀況,加(jia)之(zhi)對(dui)(dui)多個測點的(de)補充測風(feng)詳(xiang)查(cha)風(feng)能(neng)資源,最(zui)終繪制(zhi)出高分(fen)辨率(lv)(lv)的(de)包括(kuo)風(feng)能(neng)密度、可(ke)開發(fa)(fa)面積等詳(xiang)細(xi)數據(ju)在(zai)內的(de)風(feng)能(neng)狀況分(fen)布(bu)圖,對(dui)(dui)于以后(hou)(hou)的(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)場選址(zhi)、風(feng)能(neng)利用等實(shi)務操作(zuo)具有重要的(de)指導意義。
根據(ju)全球(qiu)(qiu)風(feng)能理事會(GWEC)發布(bu)的全球(qiu)(qiu)風(feng)電市(shi)場裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)數據(ju),風(feng)電裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量達(da)到(dao)40561兆瓦(wa)(wa),該新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)容(rong)量使全球(qiu)(qiu)累計風(feng)電裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)達(da)到(dao)2011年,全球(qiu)(qiu)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)237669兆瓦(wa)(wa)。這(zhe)一數據(ju)表(biao)明(ming)全球(qiu)(qiu)累計裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)實現了21%的年增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang),新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)達(da)到(dao)6%。到(dao)目前為止,全球(qiu)(qiu)75個國家(jia)有商業(ye)運營的風(feng)電裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji),其中(zhong)22個國家(jia)的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量超過1000兆瓦(wa)(wa)。
在(zai)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)風電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)被中國各主要整機企業如火如荼的(de)實施的(de)同時,學術(shu)界對于(yu)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)風能的(de)開(kai)發的(de)研究也在(zai)有條不紊的(de)進行(xing)。2007年,李(li)靖和(he)王曉東(dong)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)東(dong)海(hai)(hai)大(da)橋海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)風電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)為(wei)例(li)比較(jiao)了陸上(shang)(shang)(shang)風電(dian)與海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)風電(dian)在(zai)運(yun)行(xing)成本(ben)構成、發電(dian)小(xiao)時數(shu)、海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)風電(dian)造價結構的(de)不同,通過全(quan)面的(de)經濟性分(fen)析,對海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)風電(dian)子在(zai)我國的(de)發展(zhan)前景(jing)作(zuo)了展(zhan)望。
此外,辛華(hua)龍(2010)從發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)能資源(yuan)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備、歐洲(zhou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)功經(jing)(jing)營(ying)經(jing)(jing)驗出發(fa)(fa),并結合中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)情況,說明在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有必要進(jin)行大規模海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)能開(kai)發(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong),同(tong)時,對于如何進(jin)行開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)能提出了相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議。姜(jiang)鵬飛(fei)在(zai)(zai)《國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前景和(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)分析(xi)》一文中(zhong)介(jie)紹了歐洲(zhou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)情況,如單位造價和(he)(he)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)構(gou)成(cheng)等,簡單剖析(xi)了海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利(li)用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)高企(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因,同(tong)時姜(jiang)鵬飛(fei)還(huan)結合歐洲(zhou)主要海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利(li)用(yong)(yong)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)已有海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)造價水平(ping)對我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)進(jin)行了經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)分析(xi)與評價。劉林(lin),葛旭波,張(zhang)義(2012)系(xi)統梳理(li)了國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現狀,同(tong)時結合海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)能資源(yuan)條件(jian)和(he)(he)項目特點對目前海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)過程中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題和(he)(he)待解決(jue)問題進(jin)行了重點研(yan)究,并對海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa),建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)維護提出了諸(zhu)多建(jian)議。
國(guo)內(nei)學者除了(le)在經(jing)濟評價(jia)(jia)和(he)成本分析(xi)中(zhong)有大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究成果(guo)外,一(yi)些學者也(ye)開始關注海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會及環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)效益。陳曉(xiao)明,王(wang)紅梅,劉(liu)燕星等(2010)對(dui)世界(jie)范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)已建(jian)(jian)、在建(jian)(jian)和(he)擬建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各類(lei)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)項目(mu)在建(jian)(jian)設和(he)運營維護過程中(zhong)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各類(lei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)問題(ti)進行了(le)系統(tong)深(shen)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評估(gu),并結合(he)當(dang)地情況提出(chu)了(le)可行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監測、治理和(he)預防的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)議措施(shi),并以東臺海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)項目(mu)為例進行了(le)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)影響評估(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實證(zheng)研究。嚴(yan)曉(xiao)建(jian)(jian)(2011)以江蘇省為例對(dui)沿海(hai)(hai)潮間帶風(feng)(feng)產業進行了(le)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究,從經(jing)濟、社會、環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)三個角(jiao)度建(jian)(jian)立(li)沿海(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)能開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)評價(jia)(jia)模型,并結合(he)實例對(dui)上(shang)述評價(jia)(jia)模型進行了(le)驗證(zheng),為國(guo)內(nei)海(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)產業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展提供了(le)參(can)考意見。
在(zai)(zai)低碳經(jing)濟呼聲(sheng)高漲的(de)(de)今(jin)天,研究(jiu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)新能(neng)源(yuan)已(yi)成為(wei)世(shi)界各國關注的(de)(de)焦點。風(feng)能(neng)因其易獲(huo)取、分布地(di)(di)域廣(guang)等優勢(shi)而備受矚目,并且(qie)風(feng)力發(fa)(fa)電作為(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)清潔可再生(sheng)的(de)(de)能(neng)源(yuan)技術脫穎而出。從(cong)理(li)(li)論(lun)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)角度,風(feng)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)滿(man)足世(shi)界能(neng)源(yuan)供應、維護能(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)、保護生(sheng)態環境(jing)、實現可持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)等方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)重要作用(yong)(yong)已(yi)不言而喻,以經(jing)濟理(li)(li)論(lun)為(wei)支(zhi)撐對風(feng)電產(chan)業進行分析評價(jia)有助于(yu)這一(yi)朝(chao)陽產(chan)業健(jian)康迅速的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。通過梳理(li)(li)國內(nei)外(wai)風(feng)能(neng)利用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)理(li)(li)論(lun)研究(jiu)和(he)實踐操作,借(jie)鑒國外(wai)較為(wei)成熟(shu)的(de)(de)風(feng)電產(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)經(jing)驗(yan)與實現路徑,基于(yu)山東省(sheng)海上(shang)風(feng)能(neng)資源(yuan)狀(zhuang)況,結合(he)海上(shang)風(feng)電開(kai)發(fa)(fa)現狀(zhuang)及發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)分析,從(cong)經(jing)濟、社(she)會兩個角度搭建海上(shang)風(feng)能(neng)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)效益評價(jia)模型,以期發(fa)(fa)現山東省(sheng)這一(yi)地(di)(di)域范圍內(nei)海上(shang)風(feng)能(neng)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)方(fang)面(mian)所存(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)問題并且(qie)擬提供解決的(de)(de)策略(lve)。