三水大旗頭(tou)(tou)村(cun),古(gu)鍋(guo)耳屋群大旗頭(tou)(tou)村(cun),也稱鄭村(cun),始創(chuang)于明嘉靖年間,原名叫大橋頭(tou)(tou),是廣東粵(yue)中地區典型的(de)、最具獨特建筑風格的(de)清(qing)(qing)代村(cun)落(luo),據說古(gu)村(cun)由清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)廣東水師提督鄭紹忠所建,至今保存完整(zheng),現(xian)已(yi)被定為省文物保護單位(wei)。該(gai)村(cun)是一(yi)個祠堂,家廟兼備,聚族而居(ju)的(de)建筑群,內(nei)部(bu)布局采用廣東民居(ju)典型的(de)“三間二廊”式。前臨半廟方擴(kuo),擴(kuo)基砌以石(shi)坎,突出(chu)部(bu)份狀(zhuang)如(ru)壺嘴;擴(kuo)邊有一(yi)筆形(xing)古(gu)塔(ta)——文塔(ta);塔(ta)下有兩方石(shi);大者(zhe)高三尺許,如(ru)硯,小(xiao)者(zhe)方塊狀(zhuang)如(ru)印,組成(cheng)一(yi)個明顯的(de)“文房四寶”齊全(quan)的(de)人(ren)文景觀,寄希望后代“讀書做官”之意(yi)。
從三水汽車站:可乘坐613路(lu)或(huo)者661路(lu)到大旗(qi)頭村站下(xia)即可進入村內。
自(zi)駕路線:廣(guang)(guang)佛高速(謝邊入(ru)口)→廣(guang)(guang)三(san)高速(三(san)水(shui)出口)→沿(yan)南(nan)豐大(da)(da)道往大(da)(da)塘方(fang)向(xiang)一直北行→右轉入(ru)南(nan)鹽(yan)公(gong)路(即361省(sheng)道)→經(jing)南(nan)邊后到達(da)樂(le)平鎮→在樂(le)平醫院的路口左(zuo)轉后直行→大(da)(da)旗頭村(cun)。
大旗(qi)頭(tou)(tou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)位于(yu)佛山(shan)市三(san)(san)水(shui)區(qu)西(xi)南(nan)鎮東北28公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,樂平鎮北偏西(xi)2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里處(chu)。據村(cun)(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)鐘(zhong)(zhong)姓(xing)長者講,明(ming)朝初年,鐘(zhong)(zhong)姓(xing)始(shi)祖(zu)福(fu)安(an)公(gong)(gong)(gong)自(zi)南(nan)海南(nan)浦村(cun)(cun)(cun)遷居(ju)(ju)而來(lai)(lai)(lai)。明(ming)嘉靖5年左右,鄭姓(xing)開(kai)基(ji)祖(zu)康泰公(gong)(gong)(gong)(三(san)(san)水(shui)縣蚺蛇(she)鄭氏十世(shi)祖(zu))由蚺蛇(she)村(cun)(cun)(cun)遷居(ju)(ju)于(yu)此(ci)。對(dui)于(yu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)此(ci)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)居(ju)(ju)誰早(zao)的(de)(de)問(wen)題,有(you)(you)三(san)(san)種說法:一(yi)說鐘(zhong)(zhong)姓(xing)先祖(zu)最(zui)早(zao)放鴨(ya)(ya)為生,擇水(shui)而居(ju)(ju),他趕(gan)鴨(ya)(ya)至此(ci)以后(hou),見該地(di)水(shui)草豐美(mei),河(he)汊縱橫十分有(you)(you)利于(yu)鴨(ya)(ya)群(qun)放養(yang),于(yu)是(shi),便擇地(di)修屋定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)居(ju)(ju)下(xia)來(lai)(lai)(lai),是(shi)大旗(qi)頭(tou)(tou)最(zui)早(zao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)居(ju)(ju)者。這一(yi)說法的(de)(de)論據就(jiu)是(shi)現在鐘(zhong)(zhong)姓(xing)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民的(de)(de)分布主(zhu)要(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)地(di)勢較高(gao)的(de)(de)北面。按(an)一(yi)般的(de)(de)推理而言,居(ju)(ju)于(yu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)地(di)勢最(zui)高(gao)位置的(de)(de)應該是(shi)最(zui)早(zao)來(lai)(lai)(lai)此(ci)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)居(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)人,因(yin)為珠江(jiang)三(san)(san)角(jiao)洲地(di)區(qu)地(di)勢低洼,水(shui)網(wang)密布,村(cun)(cun)(cun)落極易遭受(shou)水(shui)澇洪(hong)災;一(yi)說是(shi)鄭氏康泰公(gong)(gong)(gong)與鐘(zhong)(zhong)氏先祖(zu)一(yi)起(qi)以放鴨(ya)(ya)為生,二人放鴨(ya)(ya)至此(ci)地(di)后(hou),覺得此(ci)地(di)河(he)汊廣布,水(shui)域水(shui)草豐美(mei),利于(yu)放鴨(ya)(ya),于(yu)是(shi)二人就(jiu)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)居(ju)(ju)于(yu)此(ci);第三(san)(san)種說法是(shi),康泰公(gong)(gong)(gong)最(zui)早(zao)來(lai)(lai)(lai)此(ci)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)居(ju)(ju)。
對于康泰(tai)公為(wei)何移居此地,按(an)村里老人的(de)說法是:由于當時(shi)(shi)蚺蛇村太(tai)(tai)小,而村中人口太(tai)(tai)多,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)當時(shi)(shi)正值兵荒(huang)馬亂之時(shi)(shi),村里原(yuan)有(you)的(de)土(tu)地根本無法養活太(tai)(tai)多的(de)人口,于是,蚺蛇鄭(zheng)姓十世祖(zu)曹隆(long)公(名(ming)倚云)、康泰(tai)公(名(ming)大(da)良)堂兄弟(di)兩人,其(qi)中曹隆(long)公與蚺蛇村人植禾峰遷至清新縣定居,該(gai)地取二人名(ming)字,而得名(ming)“禾云”鎮,故倚云公為(wei)清遠禾云鎮鄭(zheng)氏之始祖(zu)。而康泰(tai)公則遷至三水大(da)橋頭村,為(wei)該(gai)村之始祖(zu)。康泰(tai)公來(lai)該(gai)村后(hou),篳路藍縷,勤勞(lao)苦作(zuo),終于子(zi)孫繁盛(sheng),村落(luo)大(da)成。
明代(dai)(dai)(dai)正是珠江(jiang)三(san)(san)角(jiao)洲(zhou)(zhou)大(da)(da)開(kai)墾時期,也是珠江(jiang)三(san)(san)角(jiao)洲(zhou)(zhou)商(shang)品(pin)經濟開(kai)始發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)時期。在明代(dai)(dai)(dai)廣東省共新(xin)設置22縣,位于珠江(jiang)三(san)(san)角(jiao)洲(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)順德、三(san)(san)水、新(xin)安(an)(寶(bao)安(an))、新(xin)寧(臺(tai)山)、高明、開(kai)平、恩平等縣。可(ke)見,正是在這種大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)時代(dai)(dai)(dai)背景,鐘、鄭(zheng)始祖遷居于此,拓荒耕(geng)田,從此掀(xian)開(kai)大(da)(da)旗頭(tou)(tou)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)史。因此,無(wu)論誰(shui)最早來(lai)此,鐘姓、鄭(zheng)姓共同開(kai)村(cun)辟地,在這里(li)世(shi)世(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)代(dai)(dai)(dai),繁衍生息。原(yuan)來(lai),由于村(cun)落旁側河涌建有(you)大(da)(da)橋,即稱此村(cun)為大(da)(da)橋頭(tou)(tou),至清代(dai)(dai)(dai)光緒年后,該(gai)(gai)村(cun)鄭(zheng)姓第六(liu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)世(shi)孫鄭(zheng)紹(shao)忠(zhong)(曾任廣東水師提督,加尚書銜)死后,葬于村(cun)西南(nan)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)老虎崗,由村(cun)里(li)遠眺(tiao),紹(shao)忠(zhong)墓(mu)如大(da)(da)旗飄展(zhan),于是后人改(gai)此村(cun)名(ming)為大(da)(da)旗頭(tou)(tou),該(gai)(gai)村(cun)名(ming)一(yi)直沿用至今。
十九世紀末,國(guo)家危(wei)難(nan)當頭(tou),水(shui)(shui)師連(lian)連(lian)敗仗,海防吃(chi)緊(jin),中國(guo)組建(jian)(jian)有史以(yi)來(lai)最強大(da)的海軍(jun)(jun)——北洋水(shui)(shui)師,試圖(tu)強國(guo)。但就在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)軍(jun)(jun)關鍵時(shi)期,慈(ci)禧太后(hou)卻授意動用海軍(jun)(jun)經費(fei)重修(xiu)(xiu)頤(yi)和園。1891年,宣布“完工(gong)”。還在(zai)(zai)兩年前,鄭紹(shao)忠(zhong)的母親過逝(shi),鄭紹(shao)忠(zhong)回家守孝(xiao)期間,也在(zai)(zai)廣東省佛山市三水(shui)(shui)大(da)旗頭(tou)村開始修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)(jian)私宅(zhai)。據說鄭紹(shao)忠(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)(jian)私宅(zhai)的款項也是(shi)慈(ci)禧太后(hou)所(suo)撥。慈(ci)禧太后(hou)不但關心(xin)她(ta)的皇(huang)家園林,還掛念臣子的屋舍,她(ta)聽聞臣子在(zai)(zai)老家尚無像(xiang)樣的居(ju)舍后(hou),下旨要求(qiu)國(guo)庫撥金修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)(jian)。大(da)宅(zhai)剛剛建(jian)(jian)成,鄭紹(shao)忠(zhong)病倒在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)師提督的位置上,不久便(bian)病逝(shi),直到(dao)今天,它成了嶺南建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的代表,更成為全(quan)國(guo)首批(pi)歷史文化名村之(zhi)一。
大(da)旗頭村(cun)的村(cun)落變遷大(da)致分(fen)為四個階段:
第一階段(明初(chu),鐘、鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)開村祖遷入大(da)橋頭(tou)定居(ju)創業—清同治2年,鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)金(jin)投(tou)降清廷)屬于大(da)旗頭(tou)村的(de)(de)初(chu)創時(shi)期。這(zhe)一時(shi)期,村落(luo)(luo)人口(kou)不多,最多時(shi)也(ye)不過40余戶左右,村落(luo)(luo)在(zai)(zai)空間(jian)形態上表現為鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)姓(xing)主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)于村西南區域,鐘姓(xing)分(fen)布(bu)于村北區域。兩姓(xing)之(zhi)間(jian)獨立,但在(zai)(zai)村落(luo)(luo)事務(wu)上協同一體,如抗御盜匪,解決兩姓(xing)爭(zheng)端(duan)等。根(gen)據鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)紹忠(zhong)后人鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)詢侯(現定居(ju)于澳大(da)利亞)回憶:在(zai)(zai)現今村落(luo)(luo)東(dong)向(xiang)和北向(xiang)之(zhi)間(jian),早(zao)年曾建筑有帝(di)王古廟(miao),里面供奉洪圣大(da)王,該廟(miao)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要功能就是作(zuo)為村里鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、鐘二姓(xing)解決爭(zheng)端(duan)的(de)(de)協商之(zhi)地。兩姓(xing)人口(kou)數量也(ye)大(da)致持平。
第二階段(同治(zhi)2年(nian)后(hou)—民(min)(min)國(guo)末年(nian)1949年(nian))此一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)期(qi),大(da)旗頭鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氏后(hou)人(ren)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)對全(quan)村(cun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)方(fang)位改(gai)建(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)修。相(xiang)傳鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)因守孝回鄉,開(kai)始準備重(zhong)(zhong)修私宅(zhai),但(dan)他的(de)(de)最(zui)初動議并(bing)沒有獲得鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氏宗族(zu)(zu)長房(fang)裕仁(康泰公(gong)之長子(zi)(zi))一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)積極配合,本(ben)來鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)準備對全(quan)村(cun)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氏家族(zu)(zu)所(suo)在(zai)的(de)(de)區域(yu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)整體(ti)改(gai)建(jian),由于長房(fang)支(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(裕仁分支(zhi)(zhi))的(de)(de)抵制(zhi),最(zui)終他的(de)(de)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)構想沒有實現(xian),他只(zhi)好把修造的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點區域(yu)集中(zhong)(zhong)到他自(zi)己(ji)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(三房(fang)裕禮分支(zhi)(zhi),康泰公(gong)之三子(zi)(zi))所(suo)在(zai)的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)向(xiang)區域(yu)。由于當時(shi)他已經是(shi)廣東(dong)(dong)水師提督(du),位居一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)品,鄉望甚眾(zhong)。因此,在(zai)重(zhong)(zhong)修過程中(zhong)(zhong),鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)還是(shi)有意突(tu)出(chu)了三房(fang)支(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)地位和權勢。整個建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)布(bu)局以(yi)(yi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氏宗祠(ci)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心,并(bing)將自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)尚書第建(jian)在(zai)宗祠(ci)旁邊(bian),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面為(wei)了凸(tu)現(xian)其(qi)(qi)地位的(de)(de)顯要,另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面也彰顯鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)的(de)(de)孝道(dao),以(yi)(yi)示永(yong)伴祖先身邊(bian)。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)還在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)朝(chao)向(xiang)和層次上特意和村(cun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)他鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)姓分支(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)鐘姓村(cun)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)聚落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)做了區分(見圖(tu)(tu)1-1、圖(tu)(tu)1-6)。從圖(tu)(tu)可以(yi)(yi)看出(chu),村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)其(qi)(qi)他部(bu)分的(de)(de)民(min)(min)居朝(chao)向(xiang)都(dou)是(shi)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)-西(xi)(xi)南(nan)向(xiang)、西(xi)(xi)北(bei)-東(dong)(dong)南(nan)向(xiang)的(de)(de),而(er)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)集中(zhong)(zhong)修建(jian)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)朝(chao)向(xiang)均為(wei)正東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)向(xiang)的(de)(de),民(min)(min)宅(zhai)朝(chao)東(dong)(dong),取(qu)“紫氣東(dong)(dong)來”之意。又聘請專業設計人(ren)員(風水師)勘查設計,建(jian)筑(zhu)朝(chao)向(xiang)為(wei)正東(dong)(dong)向(xiang)、走向(xiang)為(wei)正南(nan)北(bei),似軍(jun)營(ying)排兵布(bu)陣一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣,形(xing)成(cheng)整齊的(de)(de)村(cun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)布(bu)局。同時(shi),結合全(quan)村(cun)的(de)(de)空間方(fang)位,突(tu)出(chu)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)的(de)(de)從軍(jun)功績,凸(tu)現(xian)其(qi)(qi)戰場殺敵的(de)(de)將軍(jun)形(xing)象,村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)以(yi)(yi)御敵防(fang)衛(wei)為(wei)根本(ben)思(si)想,加強對核心部(bu)分——鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)直系(xi)子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)居所(suo)的(de)(de)防(fang)衛(wei),全(quan)村(cun)既體(ti)現(xian)軍(jun)營(ying)規(gui)制(zhi)的(de)(de)形(xing)式美,又體(ti)現(xian)出(chu)村(cun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)防(fang)衛(wei)的(de)(de)實用功能(neng)。此一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)期(qi)是(shi)大(da)旗頭村(cun)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)最(zui)迅(xun)速時(shi)期(qi),同時(shi)也是(shi)村(cun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)整體(ti)形(xing)態、結構、功能(neng)最(zui)為(wei)完善的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個時(shi)期(qi)。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)以(yi)(yi)后(hou),村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)鐘二姓族(zu)(zu)人(ren)對該村(cun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)完善建(jian)設,最(zui)終形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個面積達(da)5萬余平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)的(de)(de)宏偉村(cun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)。
第(di)(di)三(san)階段(建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)國(guo)(guo)以(yi)后(hou)—1980年前后(hou))建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)國(guo)(guo)以(yi)后(hou),大旗頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄭(zheng)紹(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)房支家(jia)族被(bei)(bei)當(dang)作反動(dong)(dong)地主階級看(kan)待,的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群落被(bei)(bei)當(dang)時中(zhong)山大學中(zhong)文系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)《紅》六組稱為(wei)地主莊園,是(shi)廣東的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“寧國(guo)(guo)府(fu)(fu)”和“榮國(guo)(guo)府(fu)(fu)”,并寫了(le)《三(san)水縣大旗頭(tou)(tou)村鄭(zheng)金地主莊園調查》。隨著土改(gai)——破四舊——“三(san)反五(wu)反”——“打倒孔(kong)家(jia)幫”——“文化大革命(ming)”等(deng)(deng)一系(xi)列革命(ming)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群眾(zhong)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)和無(wu)產階級專政運(yun)動(dong)(dong),大旗頭(tou)(tou)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)文物,尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是(shi)家(jia)廟、宗(zong)祠(ci)、府(fu)(fu)第(di)(di)、文塔等(deng)(deng)遭受到(dao)了(le)摧毀(hui)(hui)(hui)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)打擊。圍繞鄭(zheng)紹(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)及其(qi)(qi)宗(zong)親而興建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)紀念性(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑不是(shi)被(bei)(bei)嚴重(zhong)損(sun)毀(hui)(hui)(hui),就是(shi)改(gai)做(zuo)它用(yong)(yong),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)威(wei)第(di)(di)曾(ceng)經被(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)作大旗頭(tou)(tou)小(xiao)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教室(shi)和活動(dong)(dong)室(shi),因而出現(xian)多處(chu)加建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、改(gai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)及其(qi)(qi)他(ta)較為(wei)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)毀(hui)(hui)(hui)和破壞——墻(qiang)體多處(chu)油漆粉(fen)刷加建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)窗、隔墻(qiang),堵塞(sai)原門(men)窗,室(shi)內原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匾額(e)楹聯(lian)全部(bu)失(shi)(shi)散(san),家(jia)俱丟失(shi)(shi)殆盡。振威(wei)第(di)(di)被(bei)(bei)改(gai)為(wei)牛棚(peng)。尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)第(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)也(ye)幾(ji)乎(hu)一樣(yang),曾(ceng)被(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)作倉庫、食堂,的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)第(di)(di)僅有頭(tou)(tou)進尚(shang)(shang)存(cun),東立面保存(cun)比(bi)較完好,但廳(ting)堂內部(bu)構架(jia)已經不復(fu)原貌,原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抬梁式(shi)架(jia)構已經被(bei)(bei)替換為(wei)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棚(peng)屋結構,廳(ting)堂內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閣樓已全部(bu)不存(cun)。其(qi)(qi)他(ta)如鄭(zheng)氏宗(zong)祠(ci)、振威(wei)將軍(jun)家(jia)廟等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精美木雕(diao)(diao)、石雕(diao)(diao)、磚雕(diao)(diao)、屋脊(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陶塑(su)都有不同程度(du)損(sun)毀(hui)(hui)(hui)。原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄭(zheng)紹(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)畫(hua)像、家(jia)族收藏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古董等(deng)(deng)全部(bu)被(bei)(bei)毀(hui)(hui)(hui)。這(zhe)些對深入研究鄭(zheng)紹(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)及其(qi)(qi)家(jia)族發展歷史(shi)和大旗頭(tou)(tou)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近代史(shi)及其(qi)(qi)歷史(shi)文化價值(zhi)造成巨大影(ying)響。
第四階(jie)段(1980年(nian)—2005年(nian))這一階(jie)段的(de)村落發展(zhan)表現(xian)出(chu)如下特點(dian):
(1)改革開放和對外交流的(de)深入發(fa)展(zhan),經(jing)過20年(nian)左右的(de)發(fa)展(zhan),大旗(qi)頭村(cun)民(min)的(de)物質(zhi)文化生活(huo)水準得(de)到大力改善,隨(sui)著物質(zhi)財富(fu)的(de)增多(duo),村(cun)里(li)的(de)中青年(nian)一代,不再喜歡居(ju)(ju)于這(zhe)種(zhong)比(bi)較陰暗潮濕的(de)古(gu)民(min)居(ju)(ju)中,因為當年(nian)的(de)民(min)居(ju)(ju)為了防盜防賊的(de)防衛要求,房屋的(de)視窗都很小,屋內(nei)明顯采光(guang)不足,而(er)且又(you)顯潮濕,這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)古(gu)民(min)居(ju)(ju)對那(nei)些追求現代生活(huo)和物質(zhi)享受的(de)現代人來說是遠遠達不到要求的(de)。這(zhe)樣(yang),那(nei)些有(you)錢又(you)想提升生活(huo)品質(zhi)的(de)村(cun)民(min)紛紛移(yi)居(ju)(ju)村(cun)外建房蓋樓(lou),留(liu)在(zai)村(cun)中生活(huo)的(de)就是那(nei)些還沒有(you)能力移(yi)居(ju)(ju)外面的(de)人和那(nei)些在(zai)這(zhe)里(li)住(zhu)了一輩子,對村(cun)落(luo)本身和歷史(shi)有(you)著深重(zhong)懷念的(de)老人。另外,還有(you)一些被出租給外來種(zhong)田的(de)打工(gong)者。由于村(cun)中人口的(de)急劇(ju)減少,很多(duo)傳統民(min)居(ju)(ju)便處(chu)于一種(zhong)無人看管(guan)的(de)境地,時間延久,自然破(po)落(luo)荒廢。2004年(nian),古(gu)建筑群內(nei)的(de)居(ju)(ju)民(min)幾(ji)乎全部遷出。
(2)隨著撥亂反正和改革開放政策的推行(xing),尤其是(shi)國家加強對傳統歷(li)史文化(hua)遺產遺跡(ji)的挖掘和保護(hu),以歷(li)史辯(bian)證(zheng)法的視野審視歷(li)史人(ren)物(wu)的功過是(shi)非以來,大旗頭(tou)的古(gu)民居群落得到了當地政府的高度(du)重視和保護(hu)。
1994年大旗頭村被評為三水市第二(er)批重點文物保護單位。
1997年被評為佛(fo)山(shan)市重點文物保(bao)護(hu)單位。
2002年7月(yue)被評為廣(guang)東省第(di)四批重點文物保護單位。
2003 年10月大旗頭村被評為中國(guo)第一(yi)批歷史文化名(ming)村(12條(tiao)村)之一(yi),
2004年它(ta)又被廣(guang)東省文化廳評(ping)為廣(guang)東第一村。地方政府(fu)加大力度投入古村落的保(bao)護和重(zhong)修(xiu),這(zhe)一嶺南古村落奇葩又重(zhong)新煥(huan)發新的風(feng)采。
歷(li)史上的(de)大橋(qiao)頭(tou)村,原屬(shu)南(nan)海縣祿步堡所轄,明初(chu)經鐘氏(shi)、鄭氏(shi)先祖(zu)遷(qian)居開(kai)發(fa),篳路(lu)藍縷(lv),終(zhong)成村落。該村的(de)地域(yu)范圍從(cong)唐太宗(zong)(zong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(西元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)627年(nian))至明世宗(zong)(zong)嘉(jia)靖五(wu)年(nian)(西元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1526年(nian))的(de)899年(nian)間,始終(zhong)屬(shu)南(nan)海縣祿步堡江邊(bian)圩。明嘉(jia)靖五(wu)年(nian)(1526年(nian))總督兩(liang)廣(guang)(guang)軍(jun)務右都御史兼巡(xun)撫廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)姚饃,巡(xun)按(an)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)監察御史余相,左布政(zheng)使梁材,按(an)察使周(zhou)宣4人會(hui)議決定分(fen)割南(nan)海、高要兩(liang)縣部分(fen)地區(qu)設立新縣,是年(nian)5月,世宗(zong)(zong)嘉(jia)靖帝恩(en)批設立三(san)水縣(據清(qing)嘉(jia)慶二十(shi)四年(nian)《三(san)水縣志》),大橋(qiao)頭(tou)便隸屬(shu)三(san)水縣三(san)江都祿步堡江邊(bian)圩管轄。一直延續至明朝衰(shuai)亡,清(qing)朝興起。
有清(qing)(qing)以(yi)降(jiang),自(zi)順治至康熙、乾隆年(nian)間,大(da)橋(qiao)頭村在行(xing)政(zheng)隸屬上仍屬三江都(dou)祿步堡(bao)江邊圩管轄。清(qing)(qing)道(dao)光三年(nian)(1823年(nian))三水(shui)(shui)縣改都(dou)為坊,劃分15坊,大(da)橋(qiao)頭行(xing)政(zheng)歸(gui)屬三江坊。光緒十四年(nian)(1888年(nian))三水(shui)(shui)改坊制(zhi)為5區(qu)制(zhi)(設5個區(qu),55個局,31個圩),大(da)橋(qiao)頭行(xing)政(zheng)隸屬東區(qu)保平局范湖圩。期間,在鄭紹忠身故以(yi)后,根據其墓葬特點,改大(da)橋(qiao)頭村為大(da)旗頭村,行(xing)政(zheng)建制(zhi)歸(gui)屬一直延續至民國初年(nian)。
民(min)國(guo)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1921年(nian)(nian)(nian))廢(fei)局(ju)改(gai)(gai)鄉(xiang)(xiang),設5區(qu)(qu)37鄉(xiang)(xiang)3鎮,大(da)(da)旗(qi)頭(tou)隸屬(shu)東(dong)區(qu)(qu)樂(le)平(ping)(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)管轄(xia)。民(min)國(guo)二十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1937年(nian)(nian)(nian))全國(guo)實行基層保甲編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi),大(da)(da)旗(qi)頭(tou)列入保甲編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi),仍(reng)然屬(shu)于(yu)樂(le)平(ping)(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)管轄(xia)。民(min)國(guo)二十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1938年(nian)(nian)(nian))三(san)(san)水(shui)(shui)縣改(gai)(gai)原來的東(dong)、西、南、北、中五區(qu)(qu)為(wei)一(yi)、二、三(san)(san)、四區(qu)(qu),大(da)(da)旗(qi)頭(tou)村(cun)改(gai)(gai)屬(shu)三(san)(san)區(qu)(qu)樂(le)平(ping)(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。民(min)國(guo)三(san)(san)十(shi) 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1941年(nian)(nian)(nian))三(san)(san)水(shui)(shui)成戰地縣,一(yi)、三(san)(san)、四區(qu)(qu)淪陷,樂(le)平(ping)(ping)鎮也(ye)淪陷為(wei)日(ri)軍(jun)(jun)占領(ling)區(qu)(qu),其(qi)中民(min)國(guo)三(san)(san)十(shi) 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1941年(nian)(nian)(nian))至民(min)國(guo)三(san)(san)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1945年(nian)(nian)(nian))日(ri)軍(jun)(jun)扶植的汪偽政權在西南鎮設立“三(san)(san)水(shui)(shui)縣政府”。下轄(xia)三(san)(san)個區(qu)(qu),大(da)(da)旗(qi)頭(tou)實屬(shu)第四區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)地。抗(kang)戰勝利(li)后,民(min)國(guo)三(san)(san)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1946年(nian)(nian)(nian))將縣制(zhi)(zhi)分為(wei)4區(qu)(qu)24 個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮,此建制(zhi)(zhi)沿(yan)用至中華人民(min)共和國(guo)成立。
1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月15 日,三(san)(san)(san)(san)水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)成立,下設(she)5 個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(稱區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu))22 個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)1鎮(zhen)(zhen),大(da)(da)(da)(da)旗(qi)(qi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)隸屬(shu)(shu)東(dong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)樂(le)(le)平(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang),同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月改(gai)設(she)4 個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(稱區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)所)22鄉(xiang)(xiang)1鎮(zhen)(zhen),大(da)(da)(da)(da)旗(qi)(qi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)村改(gai)屬(shu)(shu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)樂(le)(le)平(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10 月,改(gai)設(she)6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),68 個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen),大(da)(da)(da)(da)旗(qi)(qi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)隸屬(shu)(shu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)范湖(hu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)更名(ming)為樂(le)(le)平(ping)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),原來的建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)結構不變。1957 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)撤區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)并(bing)鄉(xiang)(xiang),設(she)20 鄉(xiang)(xiang)1鎮(zhen)(zhen),大(da)(da)(da)(da)旗(qi)(qi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)隸屬(shu)(shu)樂(le)(le)平(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。1958 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)樂(le)(le)平(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)更名(ming)為躍進人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)社(she),大(da)(da)(da)(da)旗(qi)(qi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)屬(shu)(shu)躍進人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)社(she)管(guan)(guan)理。1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)社(she)名(ming)稱更為樂(le)(le)平(ping)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)社(she),大(da)(da)(da)(da)旗(qi)(qi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)仍然屬(shu)(shu)于樂(le)(le)平(ping)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)社(she)管(guan)(guan)轄。 1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)恢復區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)建(jian)(jian)制(zhi),三(san)(san)(san)(san)水(shui)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)共(gong)設(she)11個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen),83 個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang),大(da)(da)(da)(da)旗(qi)(qi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)隸屬(shu)(shu)樂(le)(le)平(ping)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)樂(le)(le)平(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)管(guan)(guan)轄。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)撤區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)鎮(zhen)(zhen),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)共(gong)設(she)11個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen),大(da)(da)(da)(da)旗(qi)(qi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)村屬(shu)(shu)樂(le)(le)平(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)國務(wu)院批準三(san)(san)(san)(san)水(shui)撤縣(xian)(xian)改(gai)市(shi),原三(san)(san)(san)(san)水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)的行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃為三(san)(san)(san)(san)水(shui)市(shi)的行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域。 2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),三(san)(san)(san)(san)水(shui)市(shi)撤市(shi),并(bing)入佛山市(shi),三(san)(san)(san)(san)水(shui)由(you)市(shi)改(gai)為區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),大(da)(da)(da)(da)旗(qi)(qi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)村歸(gui)屬(shu)(shu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)水(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)樂(le)(le)平(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)新旗(qi)(qi)村委會管(guan)(guan)轄,2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),佛山市(shi)全(quan)面取消農業戶(hu)口,大(da)(da)(da)(da)旗(qi)(qi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)村仍由(you)新旗(qi)(qi)村委會管(guan)(guan)理。
排水系統
未(wei)到(dao)三水(shui)(shui)(shui)大旗頭村(cun)(cun),已看到(dao)古村(cun)(cun)容顏(yan),村(cun)(cun)子離公路咫(zhi)尺之遙,成(cheng)(cheng)片的屋(wu)舍倒影在村(cun)(cun)前池(chi)塘(tang)。古村(cun)(cun)前的池(chi)塘(tang)據說代表洗筆墨(mo)池(chi)。相(xiang)傳鄭紹忠只字不(bu)識,便(bian)在村(cun)(cun)舍前修建(jian)了洗筆墨(mo)池(chi),還修建(jian)了一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)筆形的古塔(ta)——文塔(ta),代表筆,與塔(ta)下(xia)的兩方石、村(cun)(cun)前草坪和廣場,組成(cheng)(cheng)筆墨(mo)紙硯文房四寶。池(chi)塘(tang)不(bu)僅僅有(you)象征(zheng)意(yi)義(yi),在建(jian)筑群中(zhong),還擔(dan)任重要的角色——集(ji)納(na)村(cun)(cun)中(zhong)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。村(cun)(cun)中(zhong)的房屋(wu)座(zuo)(zuo)西向東,地基也是微斜,屋(wu)檐雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)落在天井小巷,自(zi)滲井由(you)高向低泄入(ru)暗渠,再由(you)暗渠排到(dao)天井小巷,最后排進村(cun)(cun)前池(chi)塘(tang)。大旗頭古村(cun)(cun)在修建(jian)之初便(bian)使用暗渠泄流,小巷全部以(yi)條石鋪砌,方便(bian)清(qing)理(li)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)道,有(you)設計如此科學美觀的排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong),所以(yi)大旗頭村(cun)(cun)修建(jian)百余年來,即便(bian)在暴(bao)雨(yu)時節,也從未(wei)發生(sheng)過積水(shui)(shui)(shui)浸(jin)村(cun)(cun)事件。
金錢眼
當我隨意(yi)走進一(yi)(yi)(yi)戶人家(jia),迎面而(er)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)股陰冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潮氣,它們帶給了(le)(le)我陌生人獨有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)闖入(ru)(ru)感。主人不(bu)在,我步(bu)入(ru)(ru)一(yi)(yi)(yi)戶小(xiao)院落(luo)。和(he)頭(tou)(tou)頂(ding)(ding)那些張(zhang)揚肅穆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)官(guan)帽屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)不(bu)同,每一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)屋(wu)(wu)舍,都(dou)顯得(de)通(tong)俗而(er)實用(yong)(yong)。所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)(wu)子(zi)結構布局都(dou)大(da)抵相同,院落(luo)坐(zuo)東向西,東面三間(jian)(jian)屋(wu)(wu),中間(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)木(mu)板屏風分(fen)割成前堂和(he)臥(wo)室(shi),西面中間(jian)(jian)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)天井,南北(bei)兩側各有一(yi)(yi)(yi)廚房和(he)門廊。每間(jian)(jian)屋(wu)(wu)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面積都(dou)不(bu)大(da),有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)屋(wu)(wu)還被分(fen)隔成了(le)(le)兩個(ge)小(xiao)間(jian)(jian),單(dan)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門半開半掩,小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵窗透出一(yi)(yi)(yi)些光(guang)線,并未把(ba)屋(wu)(wu)子(zi)照亮,只隱隱約(yue)約(yue)看到一(yi)(yi)(yi)些廢棄家(jia)具(ju)(ju),一(yi)(yi)(yi)種塵封已久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥土味夾(jia)雜其中,刺激而(er)又安(an)寧(ning)。從(cong)靠(kao)近巷(xiang)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側門房退(tui)出,腳(jiao)邊(bian)不(bu)遠(yuan)(yuan)處有一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)形狀酷似錢幣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眼洞,這就是(shi)“金錢眼”了(le)(le)——這眼洞在彰顯富貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背后(hou),卻也(ye)非(fei)常(chang)實用(yong)(yong)。雨季,水可(ke)沿巷(xiang)道(dao)滑下,進入(ru)(ru)眼洞,再通(tong)過暗(an)渠匯入(ru)(ru)村(cun)前池塘。而(er)頭(tou)(tou)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)官(guan)帽樣屋(wu)(wu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),又叫硬山頂(ding)(ding)鍋耳式封火(huo)山墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),人稱“鰲魚(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”,官(guan)帽兩耳是(shi)厚(hou)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻條(tiao)石墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),可(ke)起到隔火(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。這種具(ju)(ju)有珠(zhu)三角地區特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造型象征官(guan)帽兩耳,后(hou)引申(shen)為(wei)“獨占鰲頭(tou)(tou)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思,只有擁有功(gong)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人才能采(cai)用(yong)(yong),后(hou)來在珠(zhu)三角民(min)居(ju)中被廣泛采(cai)納,遠(yuan)(yuan)看墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體高聳嚴整,頓覺(jue)肅穆。
保存方式
古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)百(bai)年前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)盜(dao)(dao)、防(fang)火、防(fang)風(feng)和防(fang)漏(lou)之(zhi)設計非(fei)常精巧,曾(ceng)經入村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)詳細考(kao)察的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三位華(hua)南(nan)理工(gong)大學建筑系(xi)教授說:“大旗(qi)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃建筑放(fang)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)天(tian)來(lai)看(kan)也是(shi)先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)機關滿布、防(fang)盜(dao)(dao)設施十分(fen)完善(shan),如高(gao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)腳、高(gao)達(da)(da)(da)2米(mi)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)窗(chuang)、房(fang)屋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窗(chuang)口(kou)則都(dou)鑲嵌鐵條(tiao)、如同現(xian)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)盜(dao)(dao)網。所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屋宇(yu)都(dou)設有兩層屋檐,即使盜(dao)(dao)賊想破頂(ding)而入,都(dou)要花(hua)費一(yi)倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力氣(qi)。整(zheng)個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)被(bei)分(fen)為四(si)條(tiao)直巷(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),每一(yi)條(tiao)巷(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)口(kou)都(dou)曾(ceng)有鐵閘,必(bi)要時(shi)同時(shi)落(luo)下,整(zheng)個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)莊則如同一(yi)堡壘(lei)。而巷(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間卻(que)四(si)通(tong)八(ba)達(da)(da)(da),很多樓宇(yu)間有天(tian)橋(qiao)相通(tong),不熟悉者(zhe)如踏(ta)入迷宮。 更讓(rang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)叫絕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi),整(zheng)個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)落(luo)墻體厚達(da)(da)(da)半米(mi)多,外(wai)層青磚,里面竟然(ran)夾厚達(da)(da)(da)30多厘米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻石(shi)板,難怪在(zai)(zai)文(wen)革前(qian)期(qi),曾(ceng)經有人(ren)(ren)(ren)試圖(tu)毀村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),但(dan)發現(xian)屋宇(yu)如此難拆后,也只能望而興嘆。村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)中人(ren)(ren)(ren)回憶說,小時(shi)候村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)內一(yi)間民宅突發大火,屋內火光沖天(tian),卻(que)絲毫未波及鄰(lin)舍,失火屋宇(yu)除房(fang)頂(ding)燒穿(chuan)外(wai),主結(jie)構也安然(ran)無恙(yang)。大旗(qi)頭(tou)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)建好以后,鄭紹(shao)忠曾(ceng)立下規(gui)矩:住進大屋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),不得隨意(yi)改建房(fang)子(zi),10年內出售也得賣給(gei)本(ben)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鄭姓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),這(zhe)也是(shi)大旗(qi)頭(tou)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)能完好保(bao)(bao)存至今(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要原因。古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)得以保(bao)(bao)存除了祖上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些規(gui)矩起作用(yong)外(wai),區(qu)里、鎮里和文(wen)化(hua)、旅(lv)游部門(men)對大旗(qi)頭(tou)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)也是(shi)重(zhong)要原因。該(gai)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)也是(shi)首(shou)批縣級保(bao)(bao)護文(wen)物。三水區(qu)旅(lv)游局還出資將古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)“破四(si)舊(jiu)”時(shi)期(qi)散落(luo)在(zai)(zai)各處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)物收購回來(lai),以再現(xian)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)貌。 四(si)五(wu)條(tiao)深巷(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)將古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)分(fen)為幾片,每條(tiao)深巷(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)端堵死,另一(yi)端修有門(men)樓,遇(yu)到外(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)入侵(qin),門(men)樓上(shang)鐵閘落(luo)下,村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)子(zi)便(bian)自(zi)成堅固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)守(shou)體系(xi)。 占地52000平方米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)最初并未有這(zhe)么(me)大規(gui)模,只是(shi)隨著鄭家(jia)后人(ren)(ren)(ren)代代繁衍(yan),一(yi)房(fang)一(yi)房(fang)地分(fen)脈,房(fang)子(zi)也一(yi)幢一(yi)幢地建起,建了房(fang)屋又建祠堂、家(jia)廟,久(jiu)而久(jiu)之(zhi),形成一(yi)片整(zheng)齊密集的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)落(luo)。
布局特點
清(qing)代(dai)光緒(xu)年間(jian),清(qing)太后(hou)慈禧下旨為(wei)水師(shi)提督(du)鄭(zheng)紹(shao)忠興建了大(da)旗頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)。大(da)旗頭古村(cun)(cun)(cun)采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)粵中地(di)區(qu)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梳式(shi)布局,集民(min)(min)居(ju)、祠堂、家(jia)廟、府第、文(wen)塔、村(cun)(cun)(cun)前(qian)廣(guang)場(chang)以(yi)及(ji)池(chi)塘于一(yi)(yi)體(ti),村(cun)(cun)(cun)落布局完(wan)整,每(mei)家(jia)每(mei)戶都(dou)采用硬山(shan)頂(ding)鑊耳(er)式(shi)、封山(shan)墻以(yi)及(ji)“三間(jian)兩(liang)廊”式(shi)樣(yang),整個(ge)古村(cun)(cun)(cun)相對完(wan)整地(di)表現了廣(guang)東農村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)居(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。 大(da)旗頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布局相當有(you)(you)趣,村(cun)(cun)(cun)落坐(zuo)西(xi)向東,南北(bei)延伸,從村(cun)(cun)(cun)南門(men)進,村(cun)(cun)(cun)落的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心是(shi)(shi)鄭(zheng)氏宗(zong)祠,和其他村(cun)(cun)(cun)落一(yi)(yi)樣(yang),宗(zong)祠對面是(shi)(shi)水塘,據(ju)說代(dai)表洗筆(bi)墨池(chi),不(bu)遠處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)座三層六(liu)角的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古塔就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)中國鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)中常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)塔,被稱作是(shi)(shi)筆(bi)塔,再加上塔底下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)塊形似墨硯(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨石,以(yi)及(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)前(qian)仿佛鋪開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白紙(zhi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曬谷場(chang),就(jiu)組成了筆(bi)墨紙(zhi)硯(yan)文(wen)房(fang)四(si)寶(bao)。相傳建村(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)代(dai)水師(shi)提督(du)鄭(zheng)紹(shao)忠不(bu)識(shi)字,因(yin)擅武才打拼(pin)到廣(guang)東水師(shi)提督(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置,因(yin)此(ci)他希望后(hou)代(dai)能(neng)通過讀(du)書做(zuo)官,當然這(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)房(fang)四(si)寶(bao)也有(you)(you)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)附會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成分,但(dan)也表達(da)了廣(guang)東民(min)(min)間(jian)歷來(lai)有(you)(you)好(hao)(hao)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)風,筆(bi)塔仍然供奉文(wen)昌君和魁星,村(cun)(cun)(cun)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孩(hai)子讀(du)書或考試,總有(you)(you)家(jia)長來(lai)此(ci)“開筆(bi)”或祈(qi)求(qiu)順利(li)。 村(cun)(cun)(cun)口有(you)(you)古榕(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu),村(cun)(cun)(cun)里(li)人(ren)(ren)稱這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風景為(wei)古榕(rong)掛月,文(wen)塔旁邊有(you)(you)木(mu)棉樹(shu)(shu)(shu),又表示村(cun)(cun)(cun)里(li)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)能(neng)夠讀(du)書做(zuo)官,出人(ren)(ren)頭地(di)。大(da)榕(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)因(yin)為(wei)濃蔭蔽(bi)日,是(shi)(shi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)休(xiu)憩(qi)最好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)所。村(cun)(cun)(cun)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老人(ren)(ren)坐(zuo)在榕(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)下,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下棋或者玩牌,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)坐(zuo)在文(wen)塔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塔基上看報紙(zhi)。一(yi)(yi)只黑(hei)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)狗睡在路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中央,池(chi)塘里(li)有(you)(you)露出半只頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水牛(niu),這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)切也是(shi)(shi)今天大(da)旗頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)最經典的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)景。
三水(shui)大旗(qi)頭(tou)古村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)也稱(cheng)鄭(zheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)中居民多姓鄭(zheng),由清朝廣東水(shui)師提督鄭(zheng)紹忠初建,和其(qi)它古村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)命運一樣,逼仄的小屋(wu)不再受(shou)現代人(ren)青睞,而(er)(er)且古村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)200余間屋(wu)舍(she)(she)也已經無(wu)法容納上千人(ren)居住(zhu),如今鄭(zheng)的后人(ren)已經遷(qian)出(chu)古村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。穿梭在(zai)古村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),時(shi)而(er)(er)遇傾頹的院(yuan)墻,時(shi)而(er)(er)看(kan)到廚房內滿(man)地青磚,有些屋(wu)舍(she)(she)欠缺照(zhao)料(liao)日顯荒涼。時(shi)光倒流(liu)100年(nian)前,清代的大旗(qi)頭(tou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)何等風光。
鄭紹忠
1891年(nian)(nian)(nian)升任廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)水(shui)師(shi)提督(du)的(de)鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)了(le)(le)屋(wu)舍后,讓村中鄭(zheng)(zheng)姓人免費(fei)居住。據說(shuo)鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生前(qian)頗得(de)(de)慈禧(xi)(xi)太后器(qi)重(zhong)。1894年(nian)(nian)(nian),和慈禧(xi)(xi)太后同一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)六(liu)十大(da)壽的(de)鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還收到(dao)慈禧(xi)(xi)親筆書(shu)寫的(de)“壽”字。時(shi)光再倒流(liu)30多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian),鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還是反(fan)清(qing)農民(min)軍(jun)一(yi)員,他應(ying)該不會想到(dao)日(ri)后的(de)榮耀。據歷(li)史資料記載,鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原名鄭(zheng)(zheng)金,三水(shui)大(da)旗(qi)頭村人,最初隨農民(min)軍(jun)起事,后降清(qing),改(gai)名鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。清(qing)剿太平天國起義和廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)客匪(fei) [3-5] ,足跡遍布(bu)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)境(jing)內(nei)以(yi)(yi)及廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)、福建(jian)(jian),所過之處,多(duo)事的(de)地方逐漸平息,清(qing)剿有(you)功的(de)鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)甚至(zhi)得(de)(de)到(dao)清(qing)廷的(de)黃馬(ma)褂(gua)賞賜。1891年(nian)(nian)(nian),時(shi)任廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)水(shui)師(shi)提督(du)的(de)方耀因病(bing)出(chu)缺,兩廣(guang)(guang)總督(du)獲得(de)(de)清(qing)廷批準,調鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)任廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)水(shui)師(shi)提督(du)。鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上任伊(yi)始,便處在清(qing)朝水(shui)師(shi)革新的(de)前(qian)端,處在珠(zhu)江(jiang)口防御的(de)風口浪(lang)尖。鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擴建(jian)(jian)、增建(jian)(jian)炮臺(tai)船(chuan)塢和海(hai)(hai)軍(jun)基(ji)地,購造(zao)新型(xing)船(chuan)艦,招募水(shui)師(shi),組織(zhi)團(tuan)練。期間,他測(ce)量珠(zhu)江(jiang)入海(hai)(hai)口,探測(ce)了(le)(le)海(hai)(hai)流(liu)、風速(su)、海(hai)(hai)霧、海(hai)(hai)浪(lang),編繪了(le)(le)詳細(xi)的(de)海(hai)(hai)圖(tu)。同時(shi),他還擴建(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)一(yi)些軍(jun)事工廠和海(hai)(hai)軍(jun)基(ji)地,以(yi)(yi)保衛3000余(yu)里的(de)海(hai)(hai)堤(di)。1896年(nian)(nian)(nian),62歲的(de)鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)倒后逝去。據了(le)(le)解,在廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)的(de)東(dong)莞虎門和三水(shui)大(da)旗(qi)頭村以(yi)(yi)及廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)均有(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)(shao)(shao)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)墓地,他死(si)后究(jiu)竟葬在何方至(zhi)今(jin)仍(reng)未有(you)定(ding)論(lun)。
鄭潤琦
鄭(zheng)(zheng)潤琦(1873年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),字(zi)仰(yang)韓(han),樂平(ping)大旗頭村人。自少跟隨伯父、廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)水師(shi)提督鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹忠(鄭(zheng)(zheng)金)從(cong)(cong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),久歷(li)戎行(xing)。初任排長(chang)、連長(chang)、營長(chang)。辛(xin)亥革命后(hou),護國(guo)(guo)(guo)戰(zhan)爭時在魏(wei)邦平(ping)部(bu)(bu)獨立第(di)二(er)旅任幫統、統領,后(hou)任護-第(di)五軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)一司令。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)9年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))粵(yue)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)回(hui)粵(yue),魏(wei)邦平(ping)率部(bu)(bu)響(xiang)應,魏(wei)所部(bu)(bu)編為粵(yue)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)三(san)(san)師(shi),鄭(zheng)(zheng)任第(di)三(san)(san)師(shi)第(di)六旅旅長(chang)。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)10年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1921年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))參加援桂之役。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)11年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1922年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))陳炯(jiong)明叛變,孫中(zhong)山率領討(tao)伐軍(jun)(jun)(jun)從(cong)(cong)廣(guang)西東(dong)(dong)下討(tao)陳,鄭(zheng)(zheng)率部(bu)(bu)響(xiang)應。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)12年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1923年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))4月升中(zhong)央直轄廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)討(tao)伐軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)三(san)(san)師(shi)師(shi)長(chang)。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)13年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))任建國(guo)(guo)(guo)粵(yue)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)一軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)三(san)(san)師(shi)師(shi)長(chang),曾奉命出征廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)南路,討(tao)伐陳炯(jiong)明派系(xi)的鄧本殷叛軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)14年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1925年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))8月廖仲(zhong)愷被刺案發生,因事件與鄭(zheng)(zheng)有牽(qian)連,被蔣(jiang)介(jie)石(shi)繳械。鄭(zheng)(zheng)解職后(hou)寓居上(shang)海,民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)17年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))返穗經商,病卒(zu)于廣(guang)州。
鄭紹杭
鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)杭(1945—1966年(nian)(nian)(nian))大旗頭(tou)村人(ren)(ren)(ren),1962年(nian)(nian)(nian)鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)杭小學(xue)畢業后(hou)在鄉(xiang)務(wu)農(nong)。1964年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月,他未滿18歲就抱著(zhu)為(wei)祖國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民去站崗放哨(shao)的(de)(de)(de)心愿(yuan),積極報名應(ying)征入(ru)伍(wu),來到(dao)了(le)(le)部隊駐地(di)(di)——廣西(xi)寧明縣,編入(ru)高炮(pao)(pao)(pao)第六(liu)(liu)十(shi)三(san)(san)師六(liu)(liu)〇七(qi)團(tuan)(tuan)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)一(yi)連(lian)(lian),任(ren)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)瞄雷(lei)達諸元傳送班戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)士。當時(shi)(shi)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)為(wei)了(le)(le)挽回在越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場上的(de)(de)(de)敗局,利用(yong)其“空中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優勢”,日(ri)(ri)以繼夜(ye)地(di)(di)對越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)連(lian)(lian)接中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)條鐵路干線狂轟濫炸(zha),企圖切(qie)斷和(he)(he)阻止中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)、東(dong)歐等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)大量援越(yue)(yue)物資進(jin)(jin)入(ru)越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府應(ying)越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)政府的(de)(de)(de)迫切(qie)要求,決定派出自己的(de)(de)(de)部隊入(ru)越(yue)(yue)參戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)我(wo)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)兵第六(liu)(liu)十(shi)三(san)(san)師光榮地(di)(di)接受了(le)(le)負責廣西(xi)至越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)河內鐵路沿線的(de)(de)(de)防空安(an)(an)全任(ren)務(wu)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月,部隊進(jin)(jin)入(ru)越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)后(hou),從涼山轉(zhuan)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)宋(song)化地(di)(di)區。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月20日(ri)(ri),美機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出動(dong)轟炸(zha)宋(song)化橋梁,六(liu)(liu)〇七(qi)團(tuan)(tuan)與兄弟團(tuan)(tuan)組成(cheng)了(le)(le)嚴密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)網,向來犯的(de)(de)(de)敵(di)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)猛烈還擊(ji),全線一(yi)舉擊(ji)落美機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)10架,擊(ji)傷(shang)4架,俘虜上尉飛(fei)行員(yuan)一(yi)名。紹(shao)杭在這次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)初戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)智沉著(zhu),在傳達雷(lei)達諸元中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),口(kou)令(ling)清楚靈利,準確無誤(wu),出色地(di)(di)完(wan)成(cheng)了(le)(le)任(ren)務(wu)。1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月13日(ri)(ri),六(liu)(liu)〇七(qi)團(tuan)(tuan)奉命轉(zhuan)至安(an)(an)沛市(shi)(shi)防區,配屬十(shi)七(qi)師指揮,負責火(huo)(huo)車站的(de)(de)(de)對空安(an)(an)全。六(liu)(liu)〇七(qi)團(tuan)(tuan)在守(shou)衛安(an)(an)沛市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)3個多(duo)月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),作戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)共30余次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),擊(ji)落敵(di)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)40多(duo)架,俘虜飛(fei)行員(yuan)一(yi)批(pi)。1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月31日(ri)(ri),敵(di)出動(dong)飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)28批(pi)共107架次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),對火(huo)(huo)車站和(he)(he)我(wo)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)連(lian)(lian)陣地(di)(di)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)進(jin)(jin)攻轟炸(zha),投(tou)下兩(liang)千磅以上的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)型炸(zha)彈152枚(mei),火(huo)(huo)箭和(he)(he)球形鋼珠彈不計其數。六(liu)(liu)〇七(qi)團(tuan)(tuan)與六(liu)(liu)一(yi)九團(tuan)(tuan)協同(tong)作戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),官兵們(men)不怕苦(ku)、不怕死,前赴后(hou)繼,英勇殺敵(di),發射八(ba)五(wu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)彈1600多(duo)發,十(shi)四點(dian)高射機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)彈3200多(duo)發,取得(de)了(le)(le)擊(ji)落敵(di)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)16架,擊(ji)傷(shang)10架和(he)(he)俘虜飛(fei)行員(yuan)多(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)果,再(zai)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)贏得(de)了(le)(le)越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)政府和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)高度贊揚。我(wo)部犧牲7人(ren)(ren)(ren),負傷(shang)10多(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren),鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)杭在此次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)激戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壯烈犧牲,時(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)21歲。鄭(zheng)(zheng)紹(shao)杭在戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)受到(dao)連(lian)(lian)隊的(de)(de)(de)嘉獎,曾記三(san)(san)等(deng)功一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。部隊按(an)其生前的(de)(de)(de)志愿(yuan)和(he)(he)表(biao)現,追(zhui)認他為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共產(chan)黨員(yuan)。
鄭志安
鄭志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(1955—1979年(nian))大旗頭村人(ren)(ren),1975年(nian)1月(yue)應征入(ru)伍,服(fu)役(yi)期間,勤奮學習,訓練成績(ji)突出(chu),屢受(shou)(shou)團(tuan)連(lian)(lian)表(biao)揚(yang)和(he)嘉(jia)獎。1976年(nian)加入(ru)中(zhong)國(guo)青(qing)年(nian)團(tuan),1977年(nian)加入(ru)中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨(dang),同年(nian)12月(yue)提升(sheng)為副班(ban)(ban)長(chang),后(hou)又任五三五七○部(bu)隊二營五連(lian)(lian)班(ban)(ban)長(chang)。1979年(nian),對(dui)越(yue)自(zi)衛反擊(ji)(ji)戰開始(shi),2月(yue)17日,五連(lian)(lian)奉命向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)那林(lin)和(he)雙昂(ang)地(di)區(qu)發動攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji),鄭志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)班(ban)(ban)作為該連(lian)(lian)的尖(jian)刀班(ban)(ban),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)沖(chong)(chong)在(zai)最(zui)前面(mian)(mian)。當達到(dao)那林(lin)北側無(wu)名(ming)高地(di)時(shi)(shi)(shi),遇到(dao)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)三面(mian)(mian)火(huo)(huo)(huo)力(li)夾擊(ji)(ji),前進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)受(shou)(shou)阻,因(yin)樹林(lin)叢(cong)密(mi),我方炮(pao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)無(wu)法支援,志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)判斷出(chu)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)三個(ge)(ge)火(huo)(huo)(huo)力(li)隱蔽(bi)點(dian)(dian)的具體位(wei)置后(hou),當機立斷,命令副班(ban)(ban)長(chang)和(he)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)戰斗小(xiao)組進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行掩護,自(zi)己帶小(xiao)周和(he)小(xiao)金(jin)兩(liang)(liang)名(ming)戰士(shi)從右(you)(you)側迂回到(dao)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)火(huo)(huo)(huo)力(li)點(dian)(dian)背后(hou),向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi),被(bei)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)發現射(she)擊(ji)(ji),小(xiao)金(jin)負傷(shang)(shang)(shang)。志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)為他(ta)(ta)包扎(zha)好傷(shang)(shang)(shang)口后(hou)叫他(ta)(ta)就地(di)警(jing)戒,又和(he)小(xiao)周相互掩護交替前進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),摸爬到(dao)離敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)火(huo)(huo)(huo)力(li)點(dian)(dian)4米左右(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi),志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)孤身向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)藏身處扔(reng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)手榴彈,只聽轟(hong)隆一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聲,兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)當場(chang)被(bei)炸死(si),他(ta)(ta)們(men)接著向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)設在(zai)山洞中(zhong)的第(di)(di)二個(ge)(ge)火(huo)(huo)(huo)力(li)點(dian)(dian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong),這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)正用(yong)機關槍(qiang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)我連(lian)(lian)隊射(she)擊(ji)(ji),志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)猛撲向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前,端起沖(chong)(chong)鋒槍(qiang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)洞內狠狠射(she)擊(ji)(ji),結果打死(si)三人(ren)(ren)。隨后(hou),連(lian)(lian)長(chang)命令六班(ban)(ban)長(chang)帶領另外一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)組向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)第(di)(di)三個(ge)(ge)火(huo)(huo)(huo)力(li)點(dian)(dian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong),志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)為了(le)配(pei)合他(ta)(ta)們(men),不下火(huo)(huo)(huo)線從右(you)(you)側向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)哪個(ge)(ge)火(huo)(huo)(huo)力(li)點(dian)(dian)接近(jin),在(zai)前進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)中(zhong),俘虜了(le)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)受(shou)(shou)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)的越(yue)南士(shi)兵,交給受(shou)(shou)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)的小(xiao)金(jin)看(kan)管,接近(jin)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)火(huo)(huo)(huo)力(li)點(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi),突然傳來爆炸聲,只見六班(ban)(ban)班(ban)(ban)長(chang)被(bei)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)扔(reng)出(chu)來的手榴彈炸傷(shang)(shang)(shang),志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)立即朝敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)扔(reng)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)棵手榴彈,隨即沖(chong)(chong)上前去打死(si)了(le)兩(liang)(liang)名(ming)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren),其(qi)余敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)慌忙從洞后(hou)逃生(sheng),此時(shi)(shi)(shi),志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)不幸被(bei)敵(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)火(huo)(huo)(huo)箭炮(pao)擊(ji)(ji)中(zhong),英勇犧牲。 戰斗結束后(hou),上級(ji)為鄭志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)追記一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)等(deng)功,授予二級(ji)戰斗英雄稱號。
鄭洵侯
鄭詢侯,男,漢族(zu),1927年(nian)生,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)大學計政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)班會(hui)(hui)計專(zhuan)業畢(bi)業,從1950年(nian)開始在廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)稅(shui)務、財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)系(xi)統工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),先(xian)(xian)后(hou)擔(dan)任(ren)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西禪(chan)稅(shui)務所科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)員,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)稅(shui)務局駐(zhu)南洋兄(xiong)弟煙草公(gong)司駐(zhu)廠員,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)北區(qu)(qu)稅(shui)務局工(gong)(gong)(gong)商稅(shui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)長,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)局企財(cai)(cai)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)主辦科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)員,中共廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)委監察(cha)委員會(hui)(hui)駐(zhu)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)局監察(cha)員,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)海珠區(qu)(qu)財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)局第(di)二稅(shui)務所所長,廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)局監察(cha)室副(fu)主任(ren)等職務。1984年(nian)到廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計局工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),任(ren)外資審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計處副(fu)處長。1988年(nian)退(tui)休后(hou),被(bei)(bei)(bei)聘任(ren)到廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計師(shi)事物所工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。1989年(nian)被(bei)(bei)(bei)評(ping)(ping)為審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計師(shi),是我國(guo)第(di)一(yi)批審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計師(shi),被(bei)(bei)(bei)收錄(lu)進(jin)《中國(guo)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計師(shi)名錄(lu)》。 工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)期間,曾(ceng)多次被(bei)(bei)(bei)評(ping)(ping)為先(xian)(xian)進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe),1958年(nian)被(bei)(bei)(bei)評(ping)(ping)為廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)越(yue)秀區(qu)(qu)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe),1959 年(nian)被(bei)(bei)(bei)評(ping)(ping)為廣(guang)(guang)(guang)東省先(xian)(xian)進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe),廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)系(xi)統先(xian)(xian)進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)。