大汶口(kou)遺(yi)址晚(wan)期10號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)出(chu)土(tu)的玉(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)佩在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)死者右臂上,玉(yu)(yu)(yu)鏟放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)股骨上,玉(yu)(yu)(yu)指環(huan)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)坑角處(chu)。35號(hao)(hao)男女(nv)合(he)葬墓(mu)(mu)(mu),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)戴在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)女(nv)性頸部(bu)。膠縣(xian)三(san)里河墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬,璿璣放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)胸部(bu),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)琀出(chu)于口(kou)中。景芝(zhi)鎮(zhen)2號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)鐲戴在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)左腕。7號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)鐲戴在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)右腕。2號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)璧放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)胸間,與江(jiang)蘇省新沂縣(xian)花廳(ting)村墓(mu)(mu)(mu)所放(fang)位(wei)置一致。2號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)墜放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)胸間。1號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)珠放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)頷下,與西夏(xia)侯墓(mu)(mu)(mu)出(chu)土(tu)位(wei)置一致。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)器(qi)也見于遺(yi)址地層中,江(jiang)蘇省邳縣(xian)劉林(lin)遺(yi)址上層出(chu)土(tu)有玉(yu)(yu)(yu)飾,表明(ming)這些(xie)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)器(qi)大部(bu)分為(wei)生前裝飾品(pin)。
出(chu)土玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)器的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)(you)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鏟、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)璧(bi)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鐲(zhuo)(zhuo)、璿(xuan)璣、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、指環(huan)(huan)(huan)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)珠(zhu)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)佩(pei)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)墜(zhui)等(deng)。其(qi)中(zhong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鏟,一(yi)(yi)件窄(zhai)梯(ti)形(xing)(xing),平頂(ding),直刃(ren),頂(ding)下(xia)有(you)(you)管鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong),墨綠(lv)色,很艷麗,長(chang)19厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);另(ling)一(yi)(yi)件亦屬窄(zhai)梯(ti)形(xing)(xing),平頂(ding)兩角(jiao)微圓(yuan),凸刃(ren),頂(ding)下(xia)有(you)(you)漏斗狀(zhuang)(zhuang)孔(kong)(kong),米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)黃色,玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質有(you)(you)瑕,刃(ren)部鋒(feng)利,長(chang)11.8厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。兩件均出(chu)自大(da)(da)汶(wen)口。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)璧(bi),不甚圓(yuan),中(zhong)孔(kong)(kong)稍小,質地(di)堅硬,白色透綠(lv),外(wai)薄(bo)里厚,孔(kong)(kong)一(yi)(yi)面(mian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)(da),一(yi)(yi)面(mian)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小,外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)6.9厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),孔(kong)(kong)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)3.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)壁(bi)厚0.55厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),見(jian)于(yu)景(jing)芝鎮(zhen)(zhen)。璿(xuan)璣,像(xiang)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)璧(bi),周(zhou)緣有(you)(you)三牙,距離相等(deng),外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)約6厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鐲(zhuo)(zhuo),一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)寬(kuan)(kuan)帶式,白色帶黑斑,外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)6.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),見(jian)于(yu)景(jing)芝鎮(zhen)(zhen),劉林也有(you)(you)此式,通(tong)體(ti)光(guang)滑,孔(kong)(kong)內壁(bi)較直;一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)寬(kuan)(kuan)帶亞腰(yao)形(xing)(xing),外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)6.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),也見(jian)于(yu)景(jing)芝鎮(zhen)(zhen)。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan),一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)型,肉寬(kuan)(kuan)而薄(bo),中(zhong)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)孔(kong)(kong),用做臂環(huan)(huan)(huan);另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)小型,其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)件正(zheng)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),器薄(bo),中(zhong)間孔(kong)(kong)小,對鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong),見(jian)于(yu)劉林;另(ling)一(yi)(yi)件扁薄(bo)正(zheng)圓(yuan),肉寬(kuan)(kuan)孔(kong)(kong)小,墨綠(lv)色,見(jian)于(yu)大(da)(da)汶(wen)口。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)指環(huan)(huan)(huan),中(zhong)有(you)(you)孔(kong)(kong)可(ke)入指,環(huan)(huan)(huan)較寬(kuan)(kuan),橫(heng)剖面(mian)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),管狀(zhuang)(zhuang)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)珠(zhu),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)呈(cheng)短鼓形(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)呈(cheng)長(chang)鼓形(xing)(xing),對鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong),色白。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)佩(pei),雞(ji)心(xin)形(xing)(xing),上有(you)(you)3孔(kong)(kong)可(ke)系(xi)繩。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)墜(zhui),第(di)1種(zhong)(zhong)圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing),橫(heng)剖面(mian)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),一(yi)(yi)端磨出(chu)的(de)(de)錐形(xing)(xing)柄(bing),上有(you)(you)小孔(kong)(kong)可(ke)綴系(xi),另(ling)一(yi)(yi)端磨成鈍夾,長(chang)約5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);第(di)2種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)柱形(xing)(xing),橫(heng)剖面(mian)正(zheng)方(fang)形(xing)(xing),上端有(you)(you)錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)柄(bing),下(xia)端方(fang)而尖,均見(jian)于(yu)大(da)(da)汶(wen)口;第(di)3種(zhong)(zhong)條形(xing)(xing),平頂(ding)下(xia)有(you)(you)圓(yuan)孔(kong)(kong),長(chang)的(de)(de)8.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),短的(de)(de)3.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),見(jian)于(yu)景(jing)芝鎮(zhen)(zhen)。
玉器的顏色(se)(se)有墨綠色(se)(se)、翠(cui)綠色(se)(se)、淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)、雞骨白色(se)(se)、白色(se)(se)帶黑(hei)斑。山東鄒縣、萊陽縣均產(chan)玉,所以(yi)這些玉器的玉料(liao)可(ke)能產(chan)自(zi)當地。
這些玉(yu)器中,玉(yu)鏟是(shi)代(dai)表形器,表明當時對生產的重視(shi),也帶有一定的象(xiang)征性(xing)。此時尚未(wei)出(chu)現玉(yu)琮,而多玉(yu)環、玉(yu)墜等裝飾品,這是(shi)大汶口文化玉(yu)器的特色。