環江(jiang)木論(lun)喀斯(si)(si)(si)特(te)生態旅(lv)游景(jing)區(qu)位于廣西環江(jiang)縣木論(lun)國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區(qu)內(nei),這里的喀斯(si)(si)(si)特(te)地(di)貌,景(jing)觀(guan)奇特(te),有形(xing)態各異(yi)的錐(zhui)形(xing)山、塔(ta)形(xing)山及其間的洼地(di)構成的峰(feng)叢洼地(di)和漏斗,具有極高的觀(guan)賞(shang)價值。2014年,“環江(jiang)喀斯(si)(si)(si)特(te)”作(zuo)為(wei)“中(zhong)國南方喀斯(si)(si)(si)特(te)”的主要構成部分,被列入(ru)世界天然遺產(chan)名錄。
環江目前是(shi)世(shi)界(jie)幸存(cun)連片(pian)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)最大,保護最佳(jia)、原始性最強的(de)喀斯特(te)地(di)(di)貌。這里于2014年第38屆世(shi)界(jie)自然(ran)遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)大會上(shang)被評為世(shi)界(jie)自然(ran)遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)地(di)(di)。其形成是(shi)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)與地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)對可溶(rong)(rong)性巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)侵(qin)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)與沉積(ji),以及重(zhong)力崩塌、塌陷(xian)、堆積(ji)等(deng)(deng)作用形成了(le)千姿(zi)百態和(he)巧奪天工的(de)洞(dong)穴奇景及景觀地(di)(di)貌。地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)沿(yan)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)內的(de)節(jie)理面(mian)(mian)或裂(lie)隙面(mian)(mian)等(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)溶(rong)(rong)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi),形成溶(rong)(rong)溝(或溶(rong)(rong)槽),原先成層分布的(de)石(shi)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)被溶(rong)(rong)溝分開成石(shi)柱或石(shi)筍。地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)沿(yan)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)裂(lie)縫(feng)向下滲流和(he)溶(rong)(rong)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi),超過(guo)100米深后(hou)形成落(luo)水(shui)(shui)洞(dong)。從落(luo)水(shui)(shui)洞(dong)下落(luo)的(de)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)到(dao)(dao)(dao)含水(shui)(shui)層后(hou)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)橫(heng)向流動,形成溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)。隨著地(di)(di)下洞(dong)穴的(de)形成地(di)(di)表(biao)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)塌陷(xian),塌陷(xian)的(de)深度(du)大面(mian)(mian)積(ji)小(xiao),稱坍陷(xian)漏斗,深度(du)小(xiao)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)大則稱陷(xian)塘。地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)升(sheng),原溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)和(he)地(di)(di)下河等(deng)(deng)被抬出地(di)(di)表(biao)成干谷和(he)石(shi)林。在廣西境內,經(jing)常可看到(dao)(dao)(dao)這種抬升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)表(biao)的(de)溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)。
木論保(bao)護區(qu)總面積10829.7萬平(ping)方米,森(sen)林覆蓋率高達93.4%,屬(shu)于中(zhong)亞熱帶石灰巖區(qu)常綠落(luo)葉闊葉混(hun)交林生態系統(tong),是世界(jie)上喀斯特(te)(te)地貌區(qu)幸存(cun)(cun)連片面積最(zui)(zui)大(da),完好性保(bao)存(cun)(cun)最(zui)(zui)佳,原始性最(zui)(zui)強(qiang)的喀斯特(te)(te)森(sen)林和動植物基因庫。保(bao)護區(qu)內(nei)有動、植物2500多(duo)種,其中(zhong)瀕危(wei)的國家二(er)、三級(ji)保(bao)護動植物38種。目前,環江喀斯特(te)(te)(以木論國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu)為(wei)主要(yao)區(qu)域(yu))申(shen)報世界(jie)自然遺產地已經成(cheng)功,將來將與桂(gui)林一起成(cheng)為(wei)廣西旅游開(kai)發的新一極。
古賓河(he)發源于貴州,流(liu)(liu)經木論國家級保(bao)護區。這里風(feng)光秀麗(li)、景色(se)怡人(ren),峽谷(gu)風(feng)光美(mei)不(bu)勝(sheng)收(shou),是(shi)旅(lv)游觀光絕(jue)好去處。古賓河(he)漂流(liu)(liu)項(xiang)目更是(shi)獨具特色(se)、開心刺激,以“灘長、彎(wan)多、水急(ji)、狹窄”有(you)驚無險、激情(qing)四射而聞名。古賓河(he)漂流(liu)(liu)全長約9公里,全程(cheng)漂約三個半(ban)小時。
茂密的(de)(de)(de)(de)原始(shi)森林內深(shen)藏(zang)著一(yi)條(tiao)漢代(dai)(dai)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)商道(dao),保護(hu)區內這條(tiao)漢代(dai)(dai)古(gu)道(dao)長(chang)25公(gong)里、跨黔(qian)(qian)桂兩省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)商道(dao),被稱為(wei)(wei)南方的(de)(de)(de)(de)“絲綢之路”。古(gu)道(dao)分有(you)九(jiu)重(zhong)雄(xiong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan):洞(dong)(dong)坦關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、上(shang)峒平(ping)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、偉火關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)甘(gan)哥(ge)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、下(xia)(xia)峒平(ping)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、洞(dong)(dong)滾(gun)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、木花關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、洞(dong)(dong)巧關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、黎(li)明(ming)(ming)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)東起環江縣川(chuan)山鎮社村舊屯(tun),蜿蜒深(shen)藏(zang)在(zai)神(shen)奇(qi)稀世的(de)(de)(de)(de)莽(mang)莽(mang)峰(feng)叢、蒼蒼林海中(zhong),橫斷(duan)山脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)崇高峻(jun)嶺(ling),萬(wan)道(dao)溝隘(ai)。西(xi)至黔(qian)(qian)桂兩省(sheng)交(jiao)界(jie)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黎(li)明(ming)(ming)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)北(bei)是貴(gui)州省(sheng)荔波縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)(dong)塘鄉板寨屯(tun),全(quan)長(chang)50里,全(quan)部(bu)用青石(shi)(shi)板鋪砌(qi)而(er)成(cheng),路面平(ping)均寬度(du)為(wei)(wei)1.24米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),是歷代(dai)(dai)通聯桂、黔(qian)(qian)、川(chuan)、滇(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“官道(dao)”。沿(yan)途(tu)經過石(shi)(shi)拱橋一(yi)座(zuo),洞(dong)(dong)萍(ping)圩(wei)遺(yi)址一(yi)處(chu)河關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)九(jiu)座(zuo)。人工壘砌(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)均在(zai)險要(yao)處(chu),巨石(shi)(shi)砌(qi)筑,據(ju)說(shuo),古(gu)道(dao)上(shang)每一(yi)塊石(shi)(shi)板都鐫刻(ke)著歲月(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風霜,每一(yi)條(tiao)山路 都珍藏(zang)著恒古(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)。九(jiu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)洞(dong)(dong)萍(ping)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)與(yu)黎(li)明(ming)(ming)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)最為(wei)(wei)氣派(pai),這些關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口有(you)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)為(wei)(wei)保護(hu)官商農安(an)全(quan)往(wang)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驛站(zhan)、兵站(zhan)遺(yi)跡(ji)。下(xia)(xia)洞(dong)(dong)萍(ping)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)石(shi)(shi)墻長(chang)28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3.5,米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘高5.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),城門(men)寬2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),城墻上(shang)設訓道(dao),槍眼,等防范設施,黎(li)明(ming)(ming)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)黔(qian)(qian)貴(gui)之交(jiao)界(jie)地,關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)上(shang)設城樓,黔(qian)(qian)省(sheng)曾屯(tun)軍(jun)駐守。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)城樓已(yi)毀,僅剩(sheng)兩側城墻,民十以(yi)前客(ke)商往(wang)來(lai)知悉由此,的(de)(de)(de)(de)記載(zai)。紅(hong)旗軍(jun)北(bei)上(shang)由此經過,1944年(nian)侵華日軍(jun)從社村進入(ru)貴(gui)州,于(yu)駐守關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)北(bei)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)慶軍(jun)激戰于(yu)黎(li)明(ming)(ming)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)前。2012年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)12日西(xi)安(an)人民政(zheng)府公(gong)布(bu)為(wei)(wei)環江毛南族自治縣第二(er)批文物保護(hu)單位。稀世的(de)(de)(de)(de)原始(shi)森林,滄桑的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)故事,神(shen)秘的(de)(de)(de)(de)人文傳說(shuo)。黔(qian)(qian)桂古(gu)道(dao)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)個(ge)美麗神(shen)奇(qi),令人神(shen)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方。