大(da)象二(er)(er)年(nian)(580年(nian))五(wu)月十(shi)(shi)一(yi)日,北周(zhou)宣帝去(qu)世,近(jin)臣劉(liu)昉、鄭譯等和楊堅(jian)(jian)有(you)舊,矯詔引楊堅(jian)(jian)輔政(zheng)。楊堅(jian)(jian)擔任右大(da)丞(cheng)相(xiang)奪取(qu)軍政(zheng)權,清理完北周(zhou)諸王后,怕前朝(chao)舊臣叛亂,于五(wu)月二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七日派韋孝寬(kuan)取(qu)代尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)擔任相(xiang)州總(zong)管(guan)。尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)深知丞(cheng)相(xiang)楊堅(jian)(jian)將(jiang)會(hui)篡奪政(zheng)權,就(jiu)密謀(mou)起兵(bing)討(tao)伐(fa)。韋孝寬(kuan)進至(zhi)朝(chao)歌,尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)派遣部下(xia)大(da)都督賀(he)(he)蘭貴持他的親筆信來迎接(jie)。韋孝寬(kuan)把(ba)賀(he)(he)蘭貴留下(xia)來,與(yu)他交(jiao)談(tan),從賀(he)(he)蘭貴的言談(tan)話語中(zhong),覺察(cha)(cha)到尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)可能會(hui)有(you)變故,于是(shi)就(jiu)假稱(cheng)有(you)病,緩慢而行。一(yi)面派人以(yi)尋醫(yi)買藥為名到相(xiang)州,暗中(zhong)偵察(cha)(cha)尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)的動(dong)靜。韋孝寬(kuan)的侄子韋藝,當時正在尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)手(shou)下(xia)任魏郡(jun)太守。
尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥就派韋(wei)(wei)(wei)藝去迎接(jie)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)。韋(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)問他(ta)關(guan)于尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥的(de)(de)情況(kuang),韋(wei)(wei)(wei)藝因為是尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥的(de)(de)同(tong)黨(dang),沒(mei)有告(gao)訴韋(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)實情。韋(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)非常憤怒(nu),要把韋(wei)(wei)(wei)藝斬首(shou),韋(wei)(wei)(wei)藝懼怕,就把尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥的(de)(de)密謀全部告(gao)訴了韋(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)。于是韋(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)帶著(zhu)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)藝向西奔還,每(mei)到(dao)(dao)一個亭(ting)驛(yi),就把驛(yi)站(zhan)(zhan)里供使者換乘(cheng)的(de)(de)傳馬(ma)全都驅(qu)趕走,又(you)(you)對驛(yi)官說:“蜀公(gong)尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥很快就要到(dao)(dao)達,趕快準備酒宴招待。”稍后,尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥派遣(qian)儀同(tong)大將軍梁子康帶著(zhu)數(shu)百名騎(qi)兵(bing)追趕韋(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan),每(mei)追到(dao)(dao)一個驛(yi)站(zhan)(zhan),遇到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)都是豐(feng)盛的(de)(de)酒宴,又(you)(you)沒(mei)有傳馬(ma)可以替換,于是就不再追趕。韋(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)和韋(wei)(wei)(wei)藝因此得免(mian)于難。
楊堅又命令候正破(po)六韓(han)裒到(dao)鄴城(cheng)去,向尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)申述自己(ji)并(bing)沒有異圖,同時暗中帶著(zhu)自己(ji)的(de)親筆信(xin)給相(xiang)州總管(guan)府長史晉昶等人,要(yao)(yao)他們(men)(men)防備(bei)尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)起(qi)兵叛亂。尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)得(de)知此(ci)事后,就(jiu)殺(sha)了晉昶和破(po)六韓(han)裒,然后召集相(xiang)州文武官吏和百姓,登上(shang)城(cheng)北門(men)樓(lou),對他們(men)(men)說:“楊堅憑借著(zhu)皇后父親的(de)地位,挾制年幼的(de)天子(zi),作(zuo)威作(zuo)福,這(zhe)種不遵守臣道的(de)行(xing)為,早已路人皆知。我和太祖文皇帝是舅崐甥,與(yu)(yu)國家(jia)情同一體(ti),休戚(qi)與(yu)(yu)共,一身擔當(dang)出將入相(xiang)的(de)雙重大任。先帝讓我鎮守相(xiang)州,本來就(jiu)寄(ji)托(tuo)著(zhu)的(de)國家(jia)安危興(xing)亡(wang)。現在我要(yao)(yao)與(yu)(yu)你們(men)(men)一起(qi)糾(jiu)合仁義勇敢之(zhi)士,揭竿而(er)起(qi),以(yi)匡(kuang)扶國家(jia),保護百姓,你們(men)(men)看怎(zen)么樣?”相(xiang)州官吏百姓都(dou)表示(shi)愿(yuan)意服從尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)的(de)命令。尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)于是自封為大總管(guan),宣稱秉承天子(zi)之(zhi)意,設置各種官吏。當(dang)時趙王宇文招應朝廷征召入朝,小兒子(zi)留在封地襄國。尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)就(jiu)尊奉他并(bing)以(yi)他的(de)名義號令天下。
尉遲迥權力(li)的(de)(de)地理中心正處于華北平原的(de)(de)心臟,他(ta)在那(nei)里(li)能夠動用驚人的(de)(de)資源,并且在地方強大的(de)(de)氏(shi)族中還有一批強有力(li)的(de)(de)潛在的(de)(de)追隨者。他(ta)們在看到了尉遲迥的(de)(de)號(hao)召(zhao)后,紛紛響應。
尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)所管(guan)(guan)相、衛(wei)、黎(li)、毛、洺、貝(bei)、趙(zhao)、冀、瀛(ying)、滄,尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)弟(di)子勤所統青、膠(jiao)、光、莒(ju)諸州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),一起(qi)叛亂,人(ren)數(shu)達到數(shu)十萬。進入七(qi)月,叛亂規模越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)大(da)。滎(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)邵公宇文胄、申州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)李惠、東(dong)楚(chu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)費也利(li)進、東(dong)潼州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)曹孝達,各據州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)應(ying)(ying)尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)。尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)又北結高保寧以(yi)通突厥;南連陳朝(chao)(chao),許(xu)割(ge)江(jiang)、淮之地。七(qi)月二十五日,鄖州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)管(guan)(guan)司馬消難以(yi)其管(guan)(guan)轄的七(qi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)叛變(bian)投降陳朝(chao)(chao)。八月七(qi)日,益州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)管(guan)(guan)王謙又以(yi)其管(guan)(guan)轄十八州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)。而北周荊(jing)、襄、豫境內諸蠻也造反,“焚燒村落,攻(gong)(gong)略郡縣(xian)”。但(dan)也有不響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)的地方(fang)總(zong)管(guan)(guan)。幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)管(guan)(guan)于翼拒絕(jue)起(qi)兵響(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong),并倒向楊(yang)堅(jian),截斷了尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)與北部(bu)少數(shu)民(min)族(zu)聯系(xi)。徐州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)管(guan)(guan)源雄不理尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)號召,并出兵擊退陳朝(chao)(chao)畢義緒、曹孝達等部(bu)進攻(gong)(gong)。毫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)管(guan)(guan)賀若(ruo)誼出兵出兵消滅了叛亂的申州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)李惠,分隔尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)和(he)司馬消難所部(bu)的聯系(xi)。利(li)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)管(guan)(guan)豆(dou)盧勣死(si)守本州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),擋住王謙北進,為楊(yang)堅(jian)大(da)軍進入四川提供敞開門道。
六(liu)(liu)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)日(ri),朝廷派韋孝(xiao)寬為行(xing)軍元帥,討(tao)伐(fa)尉(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)。六(liu)(liu)月(yue)(yue)二十(shi)六(liu)(liu)日(ri),任(ren)命老將(jiang)梁睿(rui)為益州總(zong)管(guan),但王(wang)(wang)謙(qian)在(zai)益州叛亂而改任(ren)行(xing)軍元帥討(tao)伐(fa)王(wang)(wang)謙(qian)。七月(yue)(yue)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)日(ri),命令楊素(su)領(ling)兵(bing)討(tao)伐(fa)宇文胄。七月(yue)(yue)二十(shi)五日(ri),派王(wang)(wang)誼領(ling)兵(bing)討(tao)伐(fa)司馬(ma)消(xiao)難(nan),又(you)任(ren)命韋世康為絳州總(zong)管(guan),保衛關(guan)中安全。韋孝(xiao)寬所部開至(zhi)武(wu)陟(zhi)(今河(he)南(nan)省(sheng)武(wu)陟(zhi)縣(xian)),與盤踞武(wu)德郡的尉(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)之子尉(wei)(wei)遲惇(dun)所部十(shi)萬人隔著(zhu)沁河(he)對峙(zhi)。
此時(shi),韋(wei)孝寬長(chang)史李(li)詢(xun)秘密啟(qi)楊(yang)堅(jian)說(shuo):“梁士(shi)彥,宇文忻和崔(cui)弘度三位行軍(jun)(jun)總(zong)管(guan)接受了尉遲(chi)迥(jiong)饋贈的(de)金錢,因此軍(jun)(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)安,人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)異(yi)常(chang)。”楊(yang)堅(jian)感到十(shi)分(fen)憂慮,與(yu)內史上大(da)夫鄭譯密謀(mou)派(pai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)取代這(zhe)三人(ren)(ren)(ren),李(li)德林反對說(shuo):“您(nin)與(yu)這(zhe)些將(jiang)領(ling)本(ben)(ben)來(lai)都(dou)是(shi)國(guo)家重臣,地位平等,他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)沒有(you)(you)(you)服從您(nin)的(de)義務,現在您(nin)只是(shi)憑借挾天子(zi)以(yi)(yi)令諸侯的(de)權威來(lai)控制和駕御他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)罷了。以(yi)(yi)前所派(pai)遣的(de),您(nin)疑心(xin)他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)懷(huai)有(you)(you)(you)異(yi)意;那么(me)往后再派(pai)遣的(de),您(nin)又(you)怎么(me)能知道他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)會(hui)向您(nin)推心(xin)置腹(fu)呢!再說(shuo),他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)收取尉遲(chi)迥(jiong)饋贈金錢的(de)事,真假不(bu)明(ming),現在如(ru)果馬(ma)上派(pai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)替代他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)領(ling)兵,他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)可(ke)能會(hui)因害怕(pa)獲(huo)罪(zui)而(er)逃走(zou);如(ru)果把他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)都(dou)抓起(qi)來(lai),那么(me)前線(xian)的(de)將(jiang)帥自鄖公(gong)韋(wei)孝寬以(yi)(yi)下,就會(hui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)自危(wei),莫不(bu)驚慌。況且臨戰(zhan)易將(jiang),正是(shi)戰(zhan)國(guo)時(shi)期燕(yan)國(guo)、趙(zhao)國(guo)被齊國(guo)、秦國(guo)打敗的(de)根本(ben)(ben)原因。以(yi)(yi)我看來(lai),您(nin)只要派(pai)遣一位既是(shi)您(nin)的(de)心(xin)腹(fu),又(you)通曉謀(mou)略,向來(lai)為眾將(jiang)領(ling)所信服的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),立刻到軍(jun)(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)去(qu),監視將(jiang)領(ling)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)舉動(dong)。縱使他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)懷(huai)有(you)(you)(you)異(yi)意,也肯定不(bu)敢輕舉妄動(dong);萬一有(you)(you)(you)異(yi)常(chang)舉動(dong),也必(bi)能將(jiang)其制服。”楊(yang)堅(jian)大(da)悟,說(shuo):“如(ru)果不(bu)是(shi)你講明(ming)這(zhe)些道理,幾乎要敗壞大(da)事。”
于是楊堅命少內史崔(cui)仲方往監(jian)諸軍(jun)(jun),為(wei)之節(jie)度。又派高颎前(qian)往前(qian)線。高颎至(zhi)軍(jun)(jun)中,在沁水上(shang)(shang)搭建橋(qiao)梁。尉(wei)遲惇見陣,在沁河上(shang)(shang)游縱火筏(fa)想用它們燒掉(diao)橋(qiao),高颎則命人填(tian)土以(yi)阻(zu)火筏(fa)。尉(wei)遲惇布(bu)陣二十余里,想等韋(wei)(wei)孝寬軍(jun)(jun)半渡而擊之;不料(liao),韋(wei)(wei)孝寬卻將軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)(dui)略(lve)作后(hou)退,然后(hou)鳴鼓(gu)齊(qi)進(jin)。軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)(dui)一(yi)過河,高颎命令焚燒橋(qiao),以(yi)絕士卒后(hou)退之心。因此,士兵(bing)作戰時一(yi)往無前(qian),尉(wei)遲惇大敗,單騎逃亡。韋(wei)(wei)孝寬乘勝進(jin)擊,追至(zhi)鄴(ye)。
八月十七日(ri),尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥與尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)惇(dun)及(ji)弟西都公尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)祐,集(ji)結十三萬部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)于鄴(ye)城南,尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥統(tong)(tong)帥萬人(ren)(ren),皆著綠巾、錦襖,號“黃龍兵(bing)”。尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥弟尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)勤統(tong)(tong)帥士卒五萬,自(zi)青州增援而來,派三千(qian)騎先(xian)(xian)投入戰(zhan)場。尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥麾下兵(bing)皆關(guan)中人(ren)(ren),作戰(zhan)勇猛,韋孝寬(kuan)軍(jun)作戰(zhan)不(bu)利(li)只能后退。鄴(ye)中士民觀戰(zhan)者達數萬人(ren)(ren),行軍(jun)總(zong)管宇文(wen)忻(xin)說:“形(xing)勢已經到了危急關(guan)頭!我要用詭詐的戰(zhan)法擊敗敵軍(jun)。”于是先(xian)(xian)射(she)擊觀戰(zhan)的百姓(xing),這些人(ren)(ren)紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)逃(tao)避,互相推搡(sang)踐踏(ta),呼(hu)聲(sheng)震(zhen)天。宇文(wen)忻(xin)于是大聲(sheng)喊道(dao):“叛賊失敗了!”韋孝寬(kuan)的軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)很快士氣重振,乘紛(fen)(fen)亂(luan)之機發起進攻。結果尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥的軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)大敗,退保鄴(ye)城。韋孝寬(kuan)指揮軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)包(bao)圍了鄴(ye)城,李詢與安思伯(bo)代郡人(ren)(ren)賀婁子干(gan)首先(xian)(xian)登上城頭。
鄴(ye)(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)被攻破后,尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)計窮,登上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)樓,崔弘(hong)(hong)(hong)度徑(jing)直從龍(long)尾(wei)道追上(shang)去。尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)彎弓(gong)搭箭(jian),準備(bei)射崔弘(hong)(hong)(hong)度,崔弘(hong)(hong)(hong)度摘下頭盔對(dui)尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)說(shuo)(shuo):“還認識我(wo)嗎(ma)?今日我(wo)們(men)各(ge)自(zi)(zi)都是(shi)為了(le)國(guo)事(shi),不能顧(gu)及私(si)情(qing)(qing)(qing)。念我(wo)們(men)有(you)親戚(qi)之情(qing)(qing)(qing),特(te)地遏制住亂(luan)兵,不許對(dui)您侵犯欺侮。現在事(shi)情(qing)(qing)(qing)已(yi)經到了(le)這一步,您應該早為自(zi)(zi)身考慮,還等待什么(me)呢?”尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)投弓(gong)箭(jian)于(yu)(yu)地,盡(jin)情(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)罵左丞相(xiang)楊堅(jian),然后自(zi)(zi)殺(sha)。崔弘(hong)(hong)(hong)度對(dui)弟弟崔弘(hong)(hong)(hong)升(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo):“你(ni)可(ke)取下尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)的頭顱(lu)。”于(yu)(yu)是(shi)崔弘(hong)(hong)(hong)升(sheng)將尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)斬首。在鄴(ye)(ye)小城(cheng)(cheng)中的尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)士卒(zu),都被韋孝寬活埋。尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)勤、尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)惇與尉(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)祐向東(dong)逃往青州,還沒有(you)到達,就(jiu)被開府儀同(tong)大(da)將軍郭衍率兵追上(shang)抓獲,山東(dong)各(ge)地叛亂(luan)相(xiang)繼被鎮壓。
八月(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)七日(ri)(ri),尉遲迥被殺十(shi)(shi)天后。鄖(yun)州(zhou)總(zong)管司馬消難連(lian)夜南逃(tao),投降陳(chen)朝。楊素攻克榮州(zhou),宇文胄逃(tao)亡,被追(zhui)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)所(suo)殺。十(shi)(shi)月(yue),梁睿(rui)率領步(bu)騎二(er)十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)討王(wang)(wang)(wang)謙(qian),王(wang)(wang)(wang)謙(qian)分命諸將據(ju)險而(er)守,梁睿(rui)連(lian)戰連(lian)克,勢(shi)不可擋。王(wang)(wang)(wang)謙(qian)遣(qian)其將達奚惎、高(gao)阿那肱、乙(yi)弗(fu)虔(qian)等帶領十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)軍進(jin)(jin)(jin)攻利(li)州(zhou),掘(jue)開(kai)江水(shui)以灌城。利(li)州(zhou)城中戰士不過二(er)千,總(zong)管豆(dou)盧勣(ji)晝(zhou)夜督戰,成功抵(di)抗四十(shi)(shi)天;等到梁睿(rui)軍至,叛軍退兵(bing)(bing)(bing),梁睿(rui)軍自劍閣入四川,進(jin)(jin)(jin)逼成都(dou)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)謙(qian)命令(ling)令(ling)手下達奚惎、乙(yi)弗(fu)虔(qian)城守,親(qin)率精兵(bing)(bing)(bing)五萬(wan),背城結陳(chen)。梁睿(rui)軍與之作(zuo)戰,叛軍戰敗,達奚惎、乙(yi)弗(fu)虔(qian)打開(kai)城門投降。王(wang)(wang)(wang)謙(qian)帶著(zhu)麾下三十(shi)(shi)騎逃(tao)往(wang)新都(dou),但被新都(dou)令(ling)王(wang)(wang)(wang)寶捉住。十(shi)(shi)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)八日(ri)(ri),梁睿(rui)斬王(wang)(wang)(wang)謙(qian)及高(gao)阿那肱,四川平定。至此,叛亂平息,歷六十(shi)(shi)八天。
《劍橋中國隋(sui)唐史(shi)》認(ren)為楊(yang)堅(jian)在這次戰役(yi)有幾(ji)個(ge)有利(li)條件成就(jiu)了勝利(li):(一(yi))他(ta)的(de)關中平原根據(ju)地長期以(yi)來(lai)是(shi)遠征(zheng)的(de)跳板(ban),只(zhi)要他(ta)有取得勝利(li)的(de)跡象,他(ta)就(jiu)能得到從北(bei)周繼承(cheng)下來(lai)的(de)強大的(de)戰爭機(ji)器的(de)效忠;(二)他(ta)還掌(zhang)握著統(tong)一(yi)領導和(he)各個(ge)擊破分散敵(di)人(ren)(ren)的(de)優(you)勢;何況后者只(zhi)有地方(fang)的(de)追隨者,各懷私心異(yi)志,缺乏協調的(de)戰略。(三)楊(yang)堅(jian)得力(li)于高(gao)颎,而他(ta)的(de)敵(di)人(ren)(ren)又(you)缺乏想象力(li)和(he)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)魅力(li),所以(yi)他(ta)繼續走(zou)運(yun)。
復旦大學(xue)教授(shou)韓升(sheng)認為這次叛亂既得(de)(de)不(bu)到官僚(liao)階層(ceng)的(de)支持,也得(de)(de)不(bu)到民眾的(de)支持。而且北周經(jing)歷宣帝的(de)暴(bao)政之后,已經(jing)失(shi)去(qu)了過(guo)去(qu)的(de)號召力和凝聚(ju)力,而中(zhong)原百姓也對新征服(fu)者無特殊感情。所以,尉遲迥的(de)失(shi)敗是無可避免的(de)。
一般認(ren)為(wei),北(bei)周(zhou)時漢(han)(han)人大量進入軍(jun)隊(dui),至其(qi)末期北(bei)周(zhou)的將(jiang)領更(geng)是(shi)(shi)以漢(han)(han)人占多數;政治實權(quan)也轉移到(dao)漢(han)(han)人手中;楊堅得到(dao)這兩批漢(han)(han)人文(wen)武官員支持(chi)是(shi)(shi)其(qi)成(cheng)功代(dai)周(zhou)的關鍵(jian)。而平(ping)鎮這次(ci)叛亂(luan)之后代(dai)表一個(ge)時代(dai)的結束,隋朝登上歷史舞(wu)臺。
對(dui)于(yu)尉遲(chi)迥(jiong)之(zhi)亂,歷代評價眾說(shuo)紛(fen)紜,有(you)人說(shuo)尉遲(chi)迥(jiong)此舉是(shi)維護北周(zhou)政權不(bu)被楊堅篡奪(duo),也有(you)人說(shuo)尉遲(chi)迥(jiong)完全是(shi)為了實現個人野心,唐朝常(chang)樂(le)公(gong)主在勸唐宗(zong)室(shi)舉兵反抗武則(ze)天篡奪(duo)唐室(shi)時,曾(ceng)以尉遲(chi)迥(jiong)為例(li),評價說(shuo):“尉遲(chi)迥(jiong),周(zhou)之(zhi)甥(sheng)也,猶能舉兵匡救社(she)稷。功(gong)雖(sui)不(bu)成,威震(zhen)海內,足為忠烈。”明朝學者張燧曾(ceng)盛贊(zan)王謙和(he)尉遲(chi)迥(jiong),評價道:“周(zhou)滅而(er)有(you)王謙、尉遲(chi)迥(jiong),斯皆破家殉國、視死猶生。”
王夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則認為(wei)(wei):“尉遲迥(jiong)(jiong)可以(yi)為(wei)(wei)宇(yu)文氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忠(zhong)臣乎?宇(yu)文闡稱帝已二年矣,父死(si)而正乎其(qi)位,楊氏(shi)雖逼,闡未有失德(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye),迥(jiong)(jiong)乃奉趙王招之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少子以(yi)起兵(bing)。曹操(cao)所(suo)不敢奉劉虞以(yi)叛獻帝者(zhe),而迥(jiong)(jiong)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不忌,迥(jiong)(jiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志可知矣。迥(jiong)(jiong)可為(wei)(wei)忠(zhong)臣,則劉裕(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)討(tao)劉毅,蕭道成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)拒沈攸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使其(qi)敗而死(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye),亦(yi)晉(jin)、宋仗節死(si)義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣乎?楊堅無功而欲(yu)奪人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國,于是乎有兵(bing)可擁者(zhe),皆欲(yu)為(wei)(wei)堅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei),迥(jiong)(jiong)亦(yi)一堅也(ye)(ye)(ye),司(si)馬消(xiao)難亦(yi)一迥(jiong)(jiong)也(ye)(ye)(ye),王謙(qian)亦(yi)一消(xiao)難也(ye)(ye)(ye)。志相若,事相競(jing),則以(yi)勢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疆(jiang)弱、謀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工拙、所(suo)與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多寡分勝(sheng)敗矣。勝(sheng)者(zhe),幸也(ye)(ye)(ye);敗者(zhe),其(qi)常也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”