大象二(er)年(580年)五月十(shi)一日,北周(zhou)宣(xuan)帝去世,近臣(chen)劉昉、鄭譯等(deng)和(he)楊(yang)堅(jian)有舊(jiu),矯詔引楊(yang)堅(jian)輔(fu)政(zheng)。楊(yang)堅(jian)擔(dan)任右大丞相奪取軍政(zheng)權,清(qing)理完北周(zhou)諸王(wang)后,怕前(qian)朝舊(jiu)臣(chen)叛亂,于(yu)五月二(er)十(shi)七日派韋孝寬(kuan)取代尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥擔(dan)任相州總管。尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥深知丞相楊(yang)堅(jian)將會篡奪政(zheng)權,就密(mi)謀起兵討伐。韋孝寬(kuan)進至朝歌,尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥派遣部下大都督賀(he)(he)蘭貴(gui)(gui)持他(ta)的親筆(bi)信來(lai)迎接。韋孝寬(kuan)把賀(he)(he)蘭貴(gui)(gui)留(liu)下來(lai),與他(ta)交談(tan),從賀(he)(he)蘭貴(gui)(gui)的言(yan)談(tan)話語中,覺察到(dao)尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥可能會有變(bian)故(gu),于(yu)是就假稱有病,緩慢而行。一面派人(ren)以(yi)尋醫(yi)買藥為名到(dao)相州,暗(an)中偵察尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥的動(dong)靜。韋孝寬(kuan)的侄子(zi)韋藝,當時(shi)正在尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥手下任魏郡太守。
尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥就(jiu)派(pai)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝去(qu)迎接韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)。韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)問他關于(yu)尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥的情況(kuang),韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝因(yin)為是尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥的同黨,沒有(you)告(gao)訴韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)實情。韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)非常憤怒(nu),要(yao)把韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝斬首(shou),韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝懼怕(pa),就(jiu)把尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥的密謀全部告(gao)訴了(le)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)。于(yu)是韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)帶著韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝向西奔還,每(mei)到(dao)一個(ge)亭驛,就(jiu)把驛站里供(gong)使(shi)者換(huan)乘的傳馬全都驅趕走,又(you)對驛官(guan)說(shuo):“蜀公尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥很快就(jiu)要(yao)到(dao)達(da),趕快準(zhun)備酒(jiu)宴招待。”稍后(hou),尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥派(pai)遣(qian)儀同大將軍梁子康帶著數百名騎(qi)兵追趕韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan),每(mei)追到(dao)一個(ge)驛站,遇到(dao)的都是豐盛的酒(jiu)宴,又(you)沒有(you)傳馬可以替換(huan),于(yu)是就(jiu)不(bu)再追趕。韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)和韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝因(yin)此得免于(yu)難。
楊堅又命令候正破(po)六韓裒到(dao)鄴城去,向尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)申述自己(ji)并沒有異圖(tu),同時(shi)暗中帶著自己(ji)的(de)(de)親筆信給(gei)相州總(zong)管府長(chang)史(shi)晉(jin)昶(chang)等人,要他(ta)們(men)防備(bei)尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)起兵叛亂。尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)得(de)知(zhi)此事(shi)后(hou)(hou),就(jiu)殺(sha)了晉(jin)昶(chang)和(he)(he)破(po)六韓裒,然后(hou)(hou)召集相州文(wen)(wen)武官吏和(he)(he)百姓,登上城北門(men)樓,對他(ta)們(men)說(shuo):“楊堅憑借著皇后(hou)(hou)父親的(de)(de)地位,挾(xie)制年幼的(de)(de)天子,作威作福,這種不遵守臣道的(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei),早已(yi)路人皆知(zhi)。我(wo)(wo)和(he)(he)太祖(zu)文(wen)(wen)皇帝是(shi)舅(jiu)崐甥,與(yu)國(guo)家(jia)情同一體,休戚與(yu)共(gong),一身(shen)擔(dan)當出將入相的(de)(de)雙重(zhong)大任。先帝讓我(wo)(wo)鎮(zhen)守相州,本來就(jiu)寄托著的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)安危興亡。現在我(wo)(wo)要與(yu)你(ni)們(men)一起糾合(he)仁義勇敢(gan)之士(shi),揭竿而起,以匡扶(fu)國(guo)家(jia),保護百姓,你(ni)們(men)看(kan)怎么樣?”相州官吏百姓都表示愿意(yi)(yi)服從尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)的(de)(de)命令。尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)于(yu)是(shi)自封為(wei)(wei)大總(zong)管,宣稱秉(bing)承天子之意(yi)(yi),設置(zhi)各種官吏。當時(shi)趙王宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)招應(ying)朝廷征召入朝,小兒子留(liu)在封地襄(xiang)國(guo)。尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)就(jiu)尊奉(feng)他(ta)并以他(ta)的(de)(de)名義號令天下。
尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)權(quan)力的地(di)理(li)中(zhong)心正處于華北平原的心臟,他(ta)在(zai)那里能(neng)夠動(dong)用(yong)驚人的資源,并且在(zai)地(di)方強(qiang)大的氏(shi)族中(zhong)還有(you)一批(pi)強(qiang)有(you)力的潛在(zai)的追(zhui)隨者。他(ta)們在(zai)看(kan)到(dao)了尉(wei)遲迥(jiong)的號召(zhao)后,紛紛響應。
尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)所管(guan)(guan)(guan)相(xiang)、衛(wei)、黎(li)、毛、洺、貝、趙(zhao)、冀、瀛、滄,尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)弟子勤所統(tong)青、膠、光、莒(ju)諸州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),一起(qi)叛亂,人數(shu)達到(dao)數(shu)十萬。進入七(qi)月(yue),叛亂規模(mo)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)大。滎(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史邵公(gong)宇(yu)文(wen)胄、申州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史李惠、東(dong)楚州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史費也利進、東(dong)潼州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史曹(cao)孝達,各據州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以應(ying)尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)。尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)又北結高保寧(ning)以通突(tu)厥(jue);南連(lian)陳朝(chao),許割(ge)江、淮之地(di)。七(qi)月(yue)二十五日,鄖(yun)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總管(guan)(guan)(guan)司馬(ma)消(xiao)(xiao)難(nan)以其(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)轄的七(qi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)叛變投降陳朝(chao)。八月(yue)七(qi)日,益州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總管(guan)(guan)(guan)王(wang)謙又以其(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)轄十八州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)響應(ying)尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)。而北周荊、襄、豫(yu)境內諸蠻(man)也造反,“焚燒(shao)村落,攻(gong)略(lve)郡縣”。但(dan)也有不響應(ying)尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)的地(di)方(fang)總管(guan)(guan)(guan)。幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總管(guan)(guan)(guan)于翼拒(ju)絕起(qi)兵(bing)響應(ying)尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong),并倒向楊堅(jian),截斷(duan)了尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)與北部少數(shu)民族聯系。徐州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總管(guan)(guan)(guan)源雄不理尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)號召,并出兵(bing)擊退陳朝(chao)畢義(yi)緒、曹(cao)孝達等部進攻(gong)。毫(hao)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總管(guan)(guan)(guan)賀(he)若誼(yi)出兵(bing)出兵(bing)消(xiao)(xiao)滅了叛亂的申州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史李惠,分(fen)隔尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)和司馬(ma)消(xiao)(xiao)難(nan)所部的聯系。利州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總管(guan)(guan)(guan)豆盧勣死守(shou)本州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),擋住王(wang)謙北進,為楊堅(jian)大軍進入四川提供敞開門道(dao)。
六月十(shi)(shi)日(ri),朝廷派(pai)韋(wei)(wei)孝寬為(wei)(wei)行(xing)軍元(yuan)帥(shuai),討(tao)伐(fa)(fa)尉遲迥。六月二十(shi)(shi)六日(ri),任命老(lao)將梁睿為(wei)(wei)益州(zhou)總管,但王謙在益州(zhou)叛亂而改任行(xing)軍元(yuan)帥(shuai)討(tao)伐(fa)(fa)王謙。七(qi)月十(shi)(shi)六日(ri),命令楊(yang)素(su)領兵討(tao)伐(fa)(fa)宇文胄。七(qi)月二十(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri),派(pai)王誼領兵討(tao)伐(fa)(fa)司馬消難,又任命韋(wei)(wei)世康為(wei)(wei)絳州(zhou)總管,保(bao)衛關中安(an)全。韋(wei)(wei)孝寬所(suo)部開(kai)至武陟(zhi)(今河南省武陟(zhi)縣),與盤(pan)踞武德(de)郡(jun)的(de)尉遲迥之(zhi)子尉遲惇(dun)所(suo)部十(shi)(shi)萬人隔(ge)著沁河對(dui)峙(zhi)。
此時(shi),韋孝寬長(chang)史李(li)詢(xun)秘密啟楊(yang)堅說:“梁士彥,宇文忻(xin)和(he)崔弘度三位行軍總管(guan)接受(shou)了(le)尉遲(chi)迥饋贈(zeng)的(de)(de)金(jin)錢,因(yin)此軍中不(bu)安,人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)異(yi)常。”楊(yang)堅感到十分憂(you)慮(lv),與內史上(shang)大(da)夫鄭譯密謀(mou)派(pai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)取(qu)代這三人(ren)(ren)(ren),李(li)德林反(fan)對說:“您與這些(xie)將領(ling)本來都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)家重臣,地位平等(deng),他(ta)(ta)們沒(mei)有(you)(you)服從您的(de)(de)義務(wu),現在(zai)您只是(shi)(shi)(shi)憑借(jie)挾(xie)天子以(yi)令諸(zhu)侯(hou)的(de)(de)權威來控制和(he)駕御他(ta)(ta)們罷了(le)。以(yi)前(qian)所(suo)(suo)派(pai)遣的(de)(de),您疑心(xin)他(ta)(ta)們懷有(you)(you)異(yi)意(yi)(yi);那(nei)(nei)么往(wang)后再派(pai)遣的(de)(de),您又(you)怎(zen)么能(neng)(neng)知道他(ta)(ta)們會向(xiang)您推(tui)心(xin)置腹呢!再說,他(ta)(ta)們三人(ren)(ren)(ren)收取(qu)尉遲(chi)迥饋贈(zeng)金(jin)錢的(de)(de)事,真假不(bu)明,現在(zai)如果馬上(shang)派(pai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)替代他(ta)(ta)們領(ling)兵(bing),他(ta)(ta)們可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會因(yin)害怕獲(huo)罪而逃走;如果把他(ta)(ta)們都(dou)(dou)抓(zhua)起來,那(nei)(nei)么前(qian)線的(de)(de)將帥自鄖公(gong)韋孝寬以(yi)下,就會人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)自危,莫不(bu)驚慌。況且臨戰易將,正是(shi)(shi)(shi)戰國(guo)時(shi)期燕國(guo)、趙國(guo)被齊國(guo)、秦國(guo)打敗(bai)的(de)(de)根本原因(yin)。以(yi)我看來,您只要(yao)派(pai)遣一(yi)位既是(shi)(shi)(shi)您的(de)(de)心(xin)腹,又(you)通(tong)曉謀(mou)略(lve),向(xiang)來為眾將領(ling)所(suo)(suo)信服的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),立刻(ke)到軍中去(qu),監視將領(ling)們的(de)(de)舉動(dong)。縱使他(ta)(ta)們懷有(you)(you)異(yi)意(yi)(yi),也(ye)肯定(ding)不(bu)敢輕舉妄動(dong);萬一(yi)有(you)(you)異(yi)常舉動(dong),也(ye)必能(neng)(neng)將其制服。”楊(yang)堅大(da)悟,說:“如果不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)你講明這些(xie)道理(li),幾乎要(yao)敗(bai)壞大(da)事。”
于是楊堅命少內(nei)史崔仲方往監諸軍(jun),為之節度。又派高(gao)颎前往前線。高(gao)颎至軍(jun)中(zhong),在沁(qin)水上搭建(jian)橋梁。尉(wei)遲(chi)惇(dun)(dun)見陣(zhen),在沁(qin)河上游縱火筏想用它們燒(shao)掉(diao)橋,高(gao)颎則(ze)命人填土以阻火筏。尉(wei)遲(chi)惇(dun)(dun)布陣(zhen)二十余里(li),想等韋孝(xiao)寬軍(jun)半渡(du)而擊(ji)之;不料,韋孝(xiao)寬卻將軍(jun)隊略(lve)作(zuo)(zuo)后退,然后鳴(ming)鼓齊(qi)進(jin)。軍(jun)隊一過(guo)河,高(gao)颎命令(ling)焚燒(shao)橋,以絕士(shi)卒后退之心。因此,士(shi)兵作(zuo)(zuo)戰時一往無前,尉(wei)遲(chi)惇(dun)(dun)大敗,單騎逃亡(wang)。韋孝(xiao)寬乘勝進(jin)擊(ji),追至鄴。
八(ba)月十七日,尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)與尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)惇(dun)及弟西都公尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)祐,集結十三(san)(san)萬(wan)部隊(dui)(dui)于(yu)鄴(ye)城(cheng)南,尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)統帥(shuai)萬(wan)人(ren)(ren),皆(jie)著綠巾(jin)、錦襖,號(hao)“黃(huang)龍(long)兵”。尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)弟尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)勤統帥(shuai)士(shi)卒五萬(wan),自(zi)青州增援而來,派三(san)(san)千(qian)騎先(xian)投入戰場。尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)麾下(xia)兵皆(jie)關中人(ren)(ren),作戰勇猛,韋(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)軍(jun)作戰不利(li)只能(neng)后退(tui)。鄴(ye)中士(shi)民觀戰者達數萬(wan)人(ren)(ren),行軍(jun)總管宇文忻(xin)說:“形(xing)勢已經到了危急關頭!我要用詭詐的戰法擊敗(bai)敵軍(jun)。”于(yu)是先(xian)射(she)擊觀戰的百(bai)姓,這些人(ren)(ren)紛紛逃避,互相推搡踐踏,呼聲(sheng)(sheng)震天(tian)。宇文忻(xin)于(yu)是大聲(sheng)(sheng)喊道(dao):“叛賊失(shi)敗(bai)了!”韋(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)的軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)很快士(shi)氣重振,乘紛亂之機(ji)發起進攻。結果尉(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)的軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)大敗(bai),退(tui)保鄴(ye)城(cheng)。韋(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)指揮軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)包圍了鄴(ye)城(cheng),李詢(xun)與安思伯代郡人(ren)(ren)賀婁(lou)子干首先(xian)登上(shang)城(cheng)頭。
鄴(ye)(ye)城(cheng)被攻破后(hou),尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)計窮,登(deng)上城(cheng)樓,崔(cui)弘度徑(jing)直從龍(long)尾道追(zhui)上去。尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)彎弓搭箭,準備射崔(cui)弘度,崔(cui)弘度摘下(xia)頭(tou)盔對(dui)尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)說(shuo):“還(huan)認識我嗎(ma)?今(jin)日我們各(ge)自都(dou)是為(wei)了國事,不能(neng)顧及私(si)情(qing)。念我們有親戚之(zhi)情(qing),特(te)地遏制住(zhu)亂(luan)兵(bing),不許對(dui)您侵犯(fan)欺侮。現在事情(qing)已經(jing)到(dao)了這(zhe)一步(bu),您應該(gai)早為(wei)自身考慮,還(huan)等待什么呢?”尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)投弓箭于地,盡情(qing)大(da)罵左丞(cheng)相(xiang)楊堅,然后(hou)自殺。崔(cui)弘度對(dui)弟(di)弟(di)崔(cui)弘升(sheng)說(shuo):“你可(ke)取下(xia)尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)的頭(tou)顱(lu)。”于是崔(cui)弘升(sheng)將尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)斬(zhan)首。在鄴(ye)(ye)小城(cheng)中的尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)士卒,都(dou)被韋孝寬(kuan)活埋。尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲勤(qin)、尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲惇(dun)與尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲祐(you)向東逃往青州,還(huan)沒有到(dao)達,就被開府儀同大(da)將軍郭衍率兵(bing)追(zhui)上抓(zhua)獲(huo),山東各(ge)地叛(pan)亂(luan)相(xiang)繼被鎮壓。
八月二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七日,尉遲(chi)迥被殺(sha)(sha)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)后。鄖(yun)州(zhou)總(zong)管司馬消(xiao)難連夜(ye)南逃(tao),投降陳(chen)朝。楊素攻(gong)克榮州(zhou),宇文(wen)胄逃(tao)亡,被追兵(bing)所殺(sha)(sha)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)睿(rui)(rui)率領步騎二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萬進(jin)討(tao)王(wang)(wang)謙(qian),王(wang)(wang)謙(qian)分命(ming)諸將據險而守,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)睿(rui)(rui)連戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)連克,勢不(bu)可擋。王(wang)(wang)謙(qian)遣其將達奚惎(ji)、高阿那(nei)肱(gong)、乙(yi)弗(fu)(fu)虔(qian)等帶(dai)領十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萬軍進(jin)攻(gong)利州(zhou),掘開江水以灌城(cheng)(cheng)。利州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)中戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)士不(bu)過(guo)二千,總(zong)管豆盧勣(ji)晝夜(ye)督戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),成功抵(di)抗四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian);等到梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)睿(rui)(rui)軍至,叛(pan)軍退兵(bing),梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)睿(rui)(rui)軍自劍閣入四川,進(jin)逼成都。王(wang)(wang)謙(qian)命(ming)令(ling)令(ling)手下達奚惎(ji)、乙(yi)弗(fu)(fu)虔(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)守,親率精兵(bing)五(wu)萬,背城(cheng)(cheng)結陳(chen)。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)睿(rui)(rui)軍與之作戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),叛(pan)軍戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)敗,達奚惎(ji)、乙(yi)弗(fu)(fu)虔(qian)打開城(cheng)(cheng)門投降。王(wang)(wang)謙(qian)帶(dai)著麾下三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)騎逃(tao)往(wang)新都,但被新都令(ling)王(wang)(wang)寶捉住。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八日,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)睿(rui)(rui)斬王(wang)(wang)謙(qian)及(ji)高阿那(nei)肱(gong),四川平定。至此(ci),叛(pan)亂平息,歷六十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八天(tian)。
《劍橋(qiao)中(zhong)(zhong)國隋唐史(shi)》認為(wei)楊堅在這次戰(zhan)役(yi)有(you)幾個(ge)有(you)利(li)(li)條(tiao)件成就了(le)勝利(li)(li):(一)他(ta)的(de)(de)關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)平原根據地長期以來是遠征的(de)(de)跳板,只(zhi)要他(ta)有(you)取得勝利(li)(li)的(de)(de)跡象,他(ta)就能得到(dao)從北周繼承下來的(de)(de)強大(da)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭機器(qi)的(de)(de)效忠;(二(er))他(ta)還掌握著統一領導(dao)和各個(ge)擊破分(fen)散敵人(ren)的(de)(de)優勢(shi);何(he)況后者只(zhi)有(you)地方的(de)(de)追(zhui)隨者,各懷私心(xin)異志,缺(que)(que)乏協調的(de)(de)戰(zhan)略。(三)楊堅得力于高颎(jiong),而(er)他(ta)的(de)(de)敵人(ren)又缺(que)(que)乏想象力和個(ge)人(ren)魅力,所以他(ta)繼續走運。
復旦大學教授韓(han)升(sheng)認(ren)為這次叛(pan)亂既得不(bu)(bu)到官(guan)僚階層的(de)支持,也(ye)得不(bu)(bu)到民(min)眾的(de)支持。而(er)且北周經歷(li)宣帝的(de)暴政之后,已經失(shi)去了(le)過去的(de)號(hao)召(zhao)力和(he)凝聚(ju)力,而(er)中原百姓也(ye)對(dui)新征服者(zhe)無特(te)殊感情(qing)。所以,尉遲迥的(de)失(shi)敗是無可避免的(de)。
一般(ban)認為(wei),北周時(shi)漢(han)人(ren)(ren)大量進入(ru)軍隊,至其(qi)(qi)末期北周的(de)將(jiang)領更是(shi)以漢(han)人(ren)(ren)占多數;政治實權也轉(zhuan)移(yi)到漢(han)人(ren)(ren)手中;楊(yang)堅(jian)得到這(zhe)兩批漢(han)人(ren)(ren)文武官員(yuan)支持是(shi)其(qi)(qi)成功代(dai)(dai)周的(de)關(guan)鍵。而平(ping)鎮這(zhe)次(ci)叛亂之(zhi)后代(dai)(dai)表一個時(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)結束,隋朝登上歷史舞臺。
對于尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)之亂(luan),歷代評價眾說紛紜,有人說尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)此舉(ju)是維護北周(zhou)(zhou)政權(quan)不被楊堅(jian)篡(cuan)(cuan)奪,也(ye)有人說尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)完全是為了實現個人野心,唐朝常樂公主在(zai)勸唐宗室(shi)舉(ju)兵反抗武則天篡(cuan)(cuan)奪唐室(shi)時,曾以尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)為例,評價說:“尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong),周(zhou)(zhou)之甥(sheng)也(ye),猶(you)能舉(ju)兵匡救社稷。功雖不成(cheng),威震海內,足(zu)為忠烈。”明朝學者張燧曾盛贊王謙和尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong),評價道(dao):“周(zhou)(zhou)滅而有王謙、尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong),斯皆破(po)家殉國、視死猶(you)生。”
王(wang)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):“尉(wei)遲迥可以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宇文(wen)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忠臣(chen)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)?宇文(wen)闡稱帝已(yi)二年矣(yi),父(fu)死而正乎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)其位,楊氏(shi)雖逼(bi),闡未有(you)失德也,迥乃(nai)奉(feng)趙王(wang)招之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少子以(yi)起兵。曹操所(suo)不(bu)敢(gan)奉(feng)劉(liu)虞以(yi)叛(pan)獻帝者(zhe)(zhe),而迥為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)忌(ji),迥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)可知矣(yi)。迥可為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)忠臣(chen),則劉(liu)裕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)討劉(liu)毅(yi),蕭道成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)拒(ju)沈(shen)攸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使其敗(bai)而死也,亦晉(jin)、宋仗節死義之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)?楊堅無功而欲(yu)奪(duo)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國,于是乎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)有(you)兵可擁者(zhe)(zhe),皆欲(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)堅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),迥亦一(yi)(yi)堅也,司馬消難亦一(yi)(yi)迥也,王(wang)謙亦一(yi)(yi)消難也。志(zhi)相若(ruo),事相競,則以(yi)勢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疆弱、謀(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工拙(zhuo)、所(suo)與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多寡分勝(sheng)敗(bai)矣(yi)。勝(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe),幸也;敗(bai)者(zhe)(zhe),其常也。”