大象二(er)年(580年)五(wu)(wu)月十(shi)一日(ri),北(bei)周宣帝去(qu)世,近(jin)臣(chen)劉昉、鄭譯等和楊(yang)堅(jian)有(you)(you)舊,矯詔引楊(yang)堅(jian)輔(fu)政。楊(yang)堅(jian)擔(dan)任(ren)右大丞相奪取(qu)軍政權,清理完北(bei)周諸王后,怕前朝(chao)舊臣(chen)叛亂,于五(wu)(wu)月二(er)十(shi)七日(ri)派韋(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)取(qu)代尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥擔(dan)任(ren)相州總管。尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥深知(zhi)丞相楊(yang)堅(jian)將會(hui)篡(cuan)奪政權,就密(mi)謀起兵討伐。韋(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)進至朝(chao)歌,尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥派遣部下大都督賀蘭貴持他的親筆信來迎接。韋(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)把賀蘭貴留下來,與他交談,從賀蘭貴的言(yan)談話語中,覺察到尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥可能會(hui)有(you)(you)變故,于是就假稱有(you)(you)病(bing),緩慢而行。一面派人以尋醫買藥為名到相州,暗(an)中偵察尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥的動靜。韋(wei)孝(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)的侄(zhi)子韋(wei)藝,當(dang)時(shi)正在(zai)尉(wei)(wei)(wei)遲(chi)(chi)迥手下任(ren)魏郡太守(shou)。
尉(wei)遲迥就派(pai)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝去(qu)迎接韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)。韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)問他關于(yu)尉(wei)遲迥的(de)情況,韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝因為是(shi)尉(wei)遲迥的(de)同黨,沒有告(gao)訴韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)實(shi)情。韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)非常憤(fen)怒,要(yao)把(ba)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝斬首,韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝懼(ju)怕,就把(ba)尉(wei)遲迥的(de)密謀(mou)全(quan)部告(gao)訴了韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)。于(yu)是(shi)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)帶(dai)(dai)著韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝向西奔還,每(mei)(mei)到(dao)一個亭驛(yi),就把(ba)驛(yi)站(zhan)里供使者換乘的(de)傳馬(ma)全(quan)都驅趕走(zou),又(you)對驛(yi)官說(shuo):“蜀公尉(wei)遲迥很(hen)快就要(yao)到(dao)達,趕快準(zhun)備酒宴招待。”稍(shao)后,尉(wei)遲迥派(pai)遣儀同大將軍梁子康帶(dai)(dai)著數百名騎兵追(zhui)趕韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan),每(mei)(mei)追(zhui)到(dao)一個驛(yi)站(zhan),遇到(dao)的(de)都是(shi)豐盛的(de)酒宴,又(you)沒有傳馬(ma)可以替換,于(yu)是(shi)就不再追(zhui)趕。韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)和韋(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藝因此得免于(yu)難(nan)。
楊堅又命(ming)令(ling)候正破(po)六韓(han)裒(pou)到鄴城去,向尉遲(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)申述(shu)自己并(bing)沒(mei)有異(yi)圖,同(tong)時暗(an)中帶著自己的(de)(de)(de)親(qin)筆信給相(xiang)州總管府(fu)長史晉昶等人,要(yao)他(ta)(ta)們(men)防備尉遲(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)起兵叛(pan)亂(luan)。尉遲(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)得(de)知此事后(hou),就(jiu)殺了晉昶和破(po)六韓(han)裒(pou),然后(hou)召集(ji)相(xiang)州文武(wu)官吏(li)和百(bai)姓,登上城北門樓,對他(ta)(ta)們(men)說:“楊堅憑借著皇后(hou)父親(qin)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)位,挾制年(nian)幼的(de)(de)(de)天子,作威(wei)作福,這種不(bu)遵守(shou)臣道的(de)(de)(de)行為,早已路人皆知。我(wo)和太祖(zu)文皇帝(di)是舅崐甥,與(yu)國家(jia)情同(tong)一體,休(xiu)戚與(yu)共,一身擔當(dang)出(chu)將入(ru)相(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)重大(da)任。先(xian)帝(di)讓我(wo)鎮(zhen)守(shou)相(xiang)州,本來(lai)就(jiu)寄托(tuo)著的(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)安危興亡。現(xian)在我(wo)要(yao)與(yu)你們(men)一起糾合(he)仁義勇敢之士(shi),揭(jie)竿而(er)起,以匡扶(fu)國家(jia),保(bao)護百(bai)姓,你們(men)看怎(zen)么(me)樣(yang)?”相(xiang)州官吏(li)百(bai)姓都表示愿意(yi)服從尉遲(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)的(de)(de)(de)命(ming)令(ling)。尉遲(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)于是自封(feng)為大(da)總管,宣(xuan)稱(cheng)秉承天子之意(yi),設置各種官吏(li)。當(dang)時趙(zhao)王宇文招應朝廷征(zheng)召入(ru)朝,小兒子留在封(feng)地(di)襄國。尉遲(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)就(jiu)尊(zun)奉他(ta)(ta)并(bing)以他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)名義號令(ling)天下。
尉遲迥權力(li)的(de)地(di)理中心(xin)正處于華北平原的(de)心(xin)臟(zang),他(ta)(ta)在(zai)那(nei)里能夠動(dong)用驚人的(de)資(zi)源,并且在(zai)地(di)方強大(da)的(de)氏族中還有一批強有力(li)的(de)潛(qian)在(zai)的(de)追(zhui)隨者。他(ta)(ta)們在(zai)看到(dao)了(le)尉遲迥的(de)號召后,紛(fen)紛(fen)響應。
尉遲(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)所(suo)管(guan)相、衛、黎、毛、洺、貝、趙(zhao)、冀、瀛、滄,尉遲(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)弟子勤(qin)所(suo)統青(qing)、膠(jiao)、光、莒諸(zhu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),一起叛(pan)(pan)亂(luan),人(ren)數達到(dao)數十萬(wan)。進(jin)(jin)入七(qi)月,叛(pan)(pan)亂(luan)規模越(yue)來越(yue)大。滎州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)邵公宇(yu)文胄、申州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)李(li)惠(hui)、東(dong)楚州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)費(fei)也利進(jin)(jin)、東(dong)潼州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)曹孝達,各(ge)據州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)應(ying)(ying)尉遲(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)。尉遲(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)又北結高(gao)保(bao)寧以(yi)通突(tu)厥;南連陳(chen)(chen)朝(chao)(chao),許割江、淮之地。七(qi)月二十五(wu)日,鄖(yun)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)(zong)管(guan)司馬消難(nan)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)管(guan)轄的(de)七(qi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)叛(pan)(pan)變投降(jiang)陳(chen)(chen)朝(chao)(chao)。八(ba)(ba)月七(qi)日,益(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)(zong)管(guan)王謙(qian)又以(yi)其(qi)(qi)管(guan)轄十八(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)響應(ying)(ying)尉遲(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)。而(er)北周荊(jing)、襄、豫(yu)境內諸(zhu)蠻(man)也造反(fan),“焚燒村落,攻(gong)略郡(jun)縣”。但也有不響應(ying)(ying)尉遲(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)的(de)地方總(zong)(zong)管(guan)。幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)(zong)管(guan)于翼拒絕(jue)起兵響應(ying)(ying)尉遲(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong),并(bing)倒向(xiang)楊堅(jian),截斷了尉遲(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)與北部(bu)少(shao)數民族聯系。徐州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)(zong)管(guan)源雄不理尉遲(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)號(hao)召,并(bing)出兵擊退陳(chen)(chen)朝(chao)(chao)畢義緒(xu)、曹孝達等(deng)部(bu)進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)。毫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)(zong)管(guan)賀若(ruo)誼出兵出兵消滅了叛(pan)(pan)亂(luan)的(de)申州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)李(li)惠(hui),分隔尉遲(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)和司馬消難(nan)所(suo)部(bu)的(de)聯系。利州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)(zong)管(guan)豆盧(lu)勣(ji)死守(shou)本州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),擋住王謙(qian)北進(jin)(jin),為楊堅(jian)大軍進(jin)(jin)入四川提(ti)供敞開門道。
六(liu)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri),朝廷派(pai)韋(wei)孝寬為行軍元帥,討伐(fa)尉遲(chi)迥(jiong)。六(liu)月(yue)二十(shi)(shi)六(liu)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命老(lao)將梁睿為益州總(zong)管,但(dan)王(wang)謙在(zai)益州叛亂而改任(ren)行軍元帥討伐(fa)王(wang)謙。七月(yue)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)日(ri)(ri),命令(ling)楊素領兵討伐(fa)宇文胄(zhou)。七月(yue)二十(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri),派(pai)王(wang)誼領兵討伐(fa)司馬消(xiao)難,又任(ren)命韋(wei)世(shi)康為絳州總(zong)管,保(bao)衛關(guan)中安全(quan)。韋(wei)孝寬所部開至武陟(今河南省武陟縣),與盤(pan)踞武德郡的尉遲(chi)迥(jiong)之子尉遲(chi)惇所部十(shi)(shi)萬人隔著沁河對峙。
此時,韋孝寬長史李(li)詢秘(mi)密啟楊(yang)堅(jian)說:“梁士彥,宇文忻和崔弘度三位行(xing)軍總(zong)管接(jie)受(shou)了尉遲(chi)迥(jiong)饋(kui)(kui)贈的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)錢(qian)(qian),因(yin)此軍中不(bu)安,人(ren)心(xin)異(yi)常。”楊(yang)堅(jian)感(gan)到(dao)十分憂慮(lv),與內史上大夫鄭譯密謀(mou)派(pai)(pai)人(ren)取(qu)代(dai)這三人(ren),李(li)德林反對說:“您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)與這些將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)領本(ben)來(lai)都是國(guo)家重臣,地位平等,他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)沒有(you)(you)服從您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)義務,現(xian)在您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)只是憑(ping)借(jie)挾天子以(yi)(yi)(yi)令(ling)諸侯的(de)(de)(de)(de)權威(wei)來(lai)控制和駕(jia)御他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)罷了。以(yi)(yi)(yi)前所派(pai)(pai)遣(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de),您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)疑心(xin)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)懷有(you)(you)異(yi)意;那么往后再派(pai)(pai)遣(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de),您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)又(you)怎么能(neng)知道他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)會向您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)推(tui)心(xin)置腹呢!再說,他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)三人(ren)收取(qu)尉遲(chi)迥(jiong)饋(kui)(kui)贈金(jin)錢(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事,真(zhen)假不(bu)明,現(xian)在如果馬上派(pai)(pai)人(ren)替代(dai)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)領兵(bing),他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)可(ke)能(neng)會因(yin)害怕獲罪而逃走(zou);如果把他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)都抓起來(lai),那么前線的(de)(de)(de)(de)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)帥自鄖公(gong)韋孝寬以(yi)(yi)(yi)下,就會人(ren)人(ren)自危(wei),莫(mo)不(bu)驚慌。況且臨戰(zhan)易將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),正是戰(zhan)國(guo)時期燕(yan)國(guo)、趙國(guo)被齊(qi)國(guo)、秦(qin)國(guo)打敗(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)原因(yin)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)我看來(lai),您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)只要派(pai)(pai)遣(qian)(qian)一(yi)位既是您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)腹,又(you)通曉謀(mou)略,向來(lai)為眾將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)領所信服的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren),立刻到(dao)軍中去,監視(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)領們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舉動(dong)。縱使他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)懷有(you)(you)異(yi)意,也肯定不(bu)敢輕舉妄動(dong);萬(wan)一(yi)有(you)(you)異(yi)常舉動(dong),也必能(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)制服。”楊(yang)堅(jian)大悟(wu),說:“如果不(bu)是你講明這些道理,幾乎要敗(bai)壞大事。”
于是楊(yang)堅(jian)命少(shao)內史崔仲方往監(jian)諸(zhu)軍(jun),為(wei)之(zhi)節度。又派(pai)高(gao)(gao)颎(jiong)前往前線。高(gao)(gao)颎(jiong)至軍(jun)中,在沁水上搭建橋梁。尉遲惇見陣(zhen),在沁河上游縱(zong)火筏(fa)想用它們燒掉橋,高(gao)(gao)颎(jiong)則命人(ren)填(tian)土以阻火筏(fa)。尉遲惇布陣(zhen)二十余里(li),想等韋(wei)孝寬軍(jun)半(ban)渡(du)而擊之(zhi);不料,韋(wei)孝寬卻將軍(jun)隊(dui)略作后退,然后鳴鼓齊進。軍(jun)隊(dui)一過河,高(gao)(gao)颎(jiong)命令(ling)焚(fen)燒橋,以絕士卒后退之(zhi)心。因此,士兵作戰時一往無前,尉遲惇大敗,單騎逃亡。韋(wei)孝寬乘勝進擊,追至鄴。
八(ba)月十(shi)七日(ri),尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)與尉(wei)遲(chi)惇及弟西都公尉(wei)遲(chi)祐(you),集結十(shi)三萬(wan)部隊(dui)(dui)于鄴(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)南,尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)統(tong)帥萬(wan)人,皆著(zhu)綠巾(jin)、錦(jin)襖,號“黃龍兵”。尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)弟尉(wei)遲(chi)勤統(tong)帥士(shi)卒(zu)五萬(wan),自(zi)青州增援而來,派三千(qian)騎先(xian)投入戰(zhan)場。尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)麾下兵皆關中(zhong)(zhong)人,作(zuo)戰(zhan)勇猛,韋孝寬(kuan)軍(jun)(jun)作(zuo)戰(zhan)不利只能(neng)后退。鄴(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)士(shi)民(min)觀戰(zhan)者達數萬(wan)人,行(xing)軍(jun)(jun)總管宇(yu)文忻說:“形勢已經到了(le)危急關頭!我(wo)要(yao)用(yong)詭詐的戰(zhan)法擊敗敵軍(jun)(jun)。”于是(shi)先(xian)射擊觀戰(zhan)的百姓,這些人紛紛逃避,互(hu)相推搡踐踏(ta),呼聲震天。宇(yu)文忻于是(shi)大(da)聲喊道(dao):“叛(pan)賊失(shi)敗了(le)!”韋孝寬(kuan)的軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)(dui)很快(kuai)士(shi)氣重振,乘紛亂之(zhi)機發起進(jin)攻。結果尉(wei)遲(chi)迥(jiong)(jiong)(jiong)的軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)(dui)大(da)敗,退保鄴(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)。韋孝寬(kuan)指揮軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)(dui)包圍(wei)了(le)鄴(ye)城(cheng)(cheng),李(li)詢(xun)與安思伯代郡人賀婁子干首先(xian)登上城(cheng)(cheng)頭。
鄴城被(bei)(bei)攻(gong)破后(hou)(hou),尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)計窮,登上(shang)(shang)城樓,崔(cui)(cui)弘度(du)徑直(zhi)從龍尾道追上(shang)(shang)去。尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)彎弓(gong)搭(da)箭(jian),準備射崔(cui)(cui)弘度(du),崔(cui)(cui)弘度(du)摘下(xia)(xia)頭盔對尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)說:“還認識我嗎?今(jin)日我們各自(zi)(zi)都(dou)是為(wei)了國事,不能(neng)顧及私情。念我們有親戚之情,特地遏(e)制住亂兵(bing),不許對您侵(qin)犯欺侮。現在事情已經到了這(zhe)一(yi)步,您應該早為(wei)自(zi)(zi)身考慮,還等(deng)待什么呢?”尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)投弓(gong)箭(jian)于(yu)地,盡情大罵左丞相楊堅(jian),然后(hou)(hou)自(zi)(zi)殺。崔(cui)(cui)弘度(du)對弟(di)弟(di)崔(cui)(cui)弘升說:“你可取下(xia)(xia)尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)的頭顱。”于(yu)是崔(cui)(cui)弘升將尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)斬首(shou)。在鄴小城中的尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲迥(jiong)士卒,都(dou)被(bei)(bei)韋孝寬(kuan)活埋。尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲勤、尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲惇與尉(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遲祐向(xiang)東(dong)逃往青州,還沒(mei)有到達(da),就被(bei)(bei)開府儀同大將軍郭(guo)衍率兵(bing)追上(shang)(shang)抓獲,山東(dong)各地叛亂相繼被(bei)(bei)鎮(zhen)壓。
八(ba)月二(er)(er)十(shi)七日,尉遲迥被(bei)(bei)殺十(shi)天后。鄖州總管(guan)司馬(ma)消難連夜南逃,投(tou)(tou)降(jiang)陳朝(chao)。楊素攻克榮州,宇文胄逃亡(wang),被(bei)(bei)追兵(bing)所殺。十(shi)月,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)睿率(lv)領步騎(qi)二(er)(er)十(shi)萬進(jin)(jin)討王謙(qian)(qian),王謙(qian)(qian)分(fen)命諸將據險而(er)守,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)睿連戰(zhan)(zhan)連克,勢(shi)不(bu)可(ke)擋。王謙(qian)(qian)遣(qian)其將達(da)(da)奚(xi)惎、高阿(a)那肱、乙弗(fu)虔(qian)(qian)等帶領十(shi)萬軍(jun)進(jin)(jin)攻利州,掘開(kai)江水以(yi)灌城(cheng)(cheng)。利州城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)戰(zhan)(zhan)士不(bu)過二(er)(er)千,總管(guan)豆盧勣晝夜督戰(zhan)(zhan),成(cheng)功抵抗四(si)十(shi)天;等到梁(liang)(liang)(liang)睿軍(jun)至,叛(pan)軍(jun)退兵(bing),梁(liang)(liang)(liang)睿軍(jun)自劍(jian)閣入四(si)川,進(jin)(jin)逼成(cheng)都(dou)。王謙(qian)(qian)命令(ling)令(ling)手下達(da)(da)奚(xi)惎、乙弗(fu)虔(qian)(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)守,親率(lv)精兵(bing)五萬,背(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)結陳。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)睿軍(jun)與(yu)之作戰(zhan)(zhan),叛(pan)軍(jun)戰(zhan)(zhan)敗(bai),達(da)(da)奚(xi)惎、乙弗(fu)虔(qian)(qian)打開(kai)城(cheng)(cheng)門投(tou)(tou)降(jiang)。王謙(qian)(qian)帶著(zhu)麾下三(san)十(shi)騎(qi)逃往新都(dou),但被(bei)(bei)新都(dou)令(ling)王寶捉住。十(shi)月二(er)(er)十(shi)八(ba)日,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)睿斬王謙(qian)(qian)及(ji)高阿(a)那肱,四(si)川平(ping)定。至此,叛(pan)亂平(ping)息(xi),歷六十(shi)八(ba)天。
《劍橋中國(guo)隋唐史》認(ren)為楊堅在這次戰役有(you)幾個有(you)利條件成就了勝(sheng)利:(一(yi))他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)關中平原根據地(di)長(chang)期以來是(shi)遠征的(de)(de)(de)跳板,只(zhi)要他(ta)有(you)取得(de)勝(sheng)利的(de)(de)(de)跡象(xiang),他(ta)就能得(de)到從北周繼承下來的(de)(de)(de)強大(da)的(de)(de)(de)戰爭機(ji)器的(de)(de)(de)效忠;(二)他(ta)還掌握著統一(yi)領導和各個擊破分散(san)敵(di)(di)人的(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi);何況后者(zhe)只(zhi)有(you)地(di)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)追(zhui)隨者(zhe),各懷私心異志,缺乏協調的(de)(de)(de)戰略。(三(san))楊堅得(de)力于高颎(jiong),而他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)敵(di)(di)人又缺乏想(xiang)象(xiang)力和個人魅力,所以他(ta)繼續走運。
復旦(dan)大(da)學(xue)教授韓(han)升認為這次叛(pan)亂既得不到官(guan)僚階層的(de)(de)支持(chi),也(ye)得不到民眾(zhong)的(de)(de)支持(chi)。而且(qie)北(bei)周經歷宣帝的(de)(de)暴政之后(hou),已經失(shi)去(qu)了過去(qu)的(de)(de)號召力和凝聚(ju)力,而中(zhong)原百(bai)姓也(ye)對新征服者無特殊感情(qing)。所以,尉遲(chi)迥的(de)(de)失(shi)敗(bai)是無可避免(mian)的(de)(de)。
一般認為,北周時(shi)漢人大(da)量進入(ru)軍隊(dui),至其末期北周的將領(ling)更是以漢人占多數;政(zheng)治實權也轉移到漢人手中;楊堅(jian)得到這兩批漢人文武官員支持是其成(cheng)功代周的關鍵。而(er)平鎮這次叛(pan)亂(luan)之后代表一個時(shi)代的結束,隋朝登上歷史舞臺。
對于尉遲(chi)(chi)迥之亂,歷代評(ping)(ping)價(jia)眾說(shuo)(shuo)紛紜(yun),有(you)(you)人說(shuo)(shuo)尉遲(chi)(chi)迥此舉是維護北周政權不被楊堅(jian)篡奪,也有(you)(you)人說(shuo)(shuo)尉遲(chi)(chi)迥完全是為了實現個人野心,唐(tang)朝常樂公主在勸(quan)唐(tang)宗(zong)室舉兵(bing)反抗武則天篡奪唐(tang)室時,曾(ceng)以尉遲(chi)(chi)迥為例,評(ping)(ping)價(jia)說(shuo)(shuo):“尉遲(chi)(chi)迥,周之甥(sheng)也,猶能舉兵(bing)匡救社稷。功(gong)雖(sui)不成,威震(zhen)海內,足為忠烈(lie)。”明朝學(xue)者(zhe)張燧曾(ceng)盛贊王謙和尉遲(chi)(chi)迥,評(ping)(ping)價(jia)道:“周滅而有(you)(you)王謙、尉遲(chi)(chi)迥,斯皆破家殉(xun)國(guo)、視(shi)死猶生。”
王(wang)夫之(zhi)則(ze)認為(wei):“尉遲(chi)迥(jiong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)為(wei)宇文(wen)氏之(zhi)忠臣(chen)乎(hu)?宇文(wen)闡稱帝(di)(di)已二(er)年矣(yi),父死(si)而(er)正(zheng)乎(hu)其(qi)位(wei),楊(yang)氏雖逼,闡未有(you)失德(de)也(ye),迥(jiong)乃奉趙(zhao)王(wang)招之(zhi)少(shao)子(zi)以(yi)起兵。曹操所(suo)不敢奉劉(liu)(liu)(liu)虞以(yi)叛獻帝(di)(di)者(zhe),而(er)迥(jiong)為(wei)之(zhi)不忌,迥(jiong)之(zhi)志可(ke)(ke)知矣(yi)。迥(jiong)可(ke)(ke)為(wei)忠臣(chen),則(ze)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)裕之(zhi)討(tao)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)毅,蕭道(dao)成之(zhi)拒沈攸之(zhi),使其(qi)敗而(er)死(si)也(ye),亦晉、宋仗節(jie)死(si)義之(zhi)臣(chen)乎(hu)?楊(yang)堅(jian)無功(gong)而(er)欲奪人之(zhi)國,于是(shi)乎(hu)有(you)兵可(ke)(ke)擁者(zhe),皆欲為(wei)堅(jian)之(zhi)為(wei),迥(jiong)亦一(yi)堅(jian)也(ye),司馬消難亦一(yi)迥(jiong)也(ye),王(wang)謙亦一(yi)消難也(ye)。志相若,事相競,則(ze)以(yi)勢之(zhi)疆弱、謀之(zhi)工(gong)拙、所(suo)與之(zhi)多寡分(fen)勝(sheng)敗矣(yi)。勝(sheng)者(zhe),幸也(ye);敗者(zhe),其(qi)常(chang)也(ye)。”