當十(shi)國(guo)陸(lu)續衰(shuai)弱或自保時(shi)(shi),北方的后晉(jin)(jin)也因為契丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)國(guo)的威脅而(er)(er)(er)屢屢不安(an)。當時(shi)(shi)后晉(jin)(jin)新立,財政匱(kui)乏,契丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)貪(tan)求無(wu)厭,藩鎮多不愿服(fu)從(cong)。為解決財政危機,后晉(jin)(jin)高祖(zu)采(cai)納桑維翰的建議,采(cai)取(qu)安(an)撫藩鎮、恭謹契丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的方式,并(bing)且(qie)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視農業、商業以提升經濟。雖然契丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)國(guo)得以安(an)撫,但(dan)原燕云十(shi)六(liu)州官員如吳(wu)巒、郭崇威恥臣于(yu)契丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan),不愿投(tou)降。各地藩鎮幾乎不服(fu)晉(jin)(jin)廷,有些甚至有意拉(la)攏契丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)國(guo)以奪位,此時(shi)(shi)有賴杜(du)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)威、李守貞等人(ren)平(ping)定(ding)。937年天雄軍(jun)(即魏博軍(jun))范廷光反于(yu)魏州,前(qian)去平(ping)亂的張從(cong)賓也向(xiang)他(ta)投(tou)降,并(bing)且(qie)殺后晉(jin)(jin)高祖(zu)之子石(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)信和石(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)乂。最后在范張聯軍(jun)逼近開封(feng)時(shi)(shi),有賴侯益與(yu)杜(du)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)威率軍(jun)擊潰而(er)(er)(er)平(ping)定(ding)。楊光遠自恃重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兵(bing)而(er)(er)(er)干預朝政,后晉(jin)(jin)高祖(zu)常屈從(cong)之,后來勾結契丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)國(guo)叛變而(er)(er)(er)被(bei)李守貞打敗(bai)而(er)(er)(er)死。
942年成德軍(jun)安(an)重(zhong)榮(rong)指斥(chi)后(hou)晉(jin)高(gao)(gao)祖父事契(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan),要求出并(bing)討伐契(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)國(guo)。但實際上(shang)卻是暗(an)通(tong)契(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan),意(yi)(yi)圖奪位(wei)。后(hou)晉(jin)高(gao)(gao)祖派杜重(zhong)威率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)擊斬(zhan)安(an)重(zhong)榮(rong),史稱宗城之戰,并(bing)將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)頭送與契(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)國(guo)。同(tong)年位(wei)于代北(bei)的吐谷(gu)渾部,因為(wei)不(bu)愿意(yi)(yi)投降契(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)國(guo),首領(ling)白承福率(lv)(lv)部投奔河東節度使(shi)劉(liu)知遠,契(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)國(guo)派使(shi)問罪。后(hou)晉(jin)高(gao)(gao)祖最后(hou)在(zai)這些憂憤之中去世,其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)臣馮道、景延廣以國(guo)家多難,宜立長君,就以侄子石重(zhong)貴繼位(wei)于鄴都(dou)(今河北(bei)大(da)(da)名),即后(hou)晉(jin)出帝。
由(you)于(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)將領與百姓對屈尊(zun)異族而(er)(er)(er)感(gan)到強烈不(bu)滿,后(hou)(hou)(hou)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)帝(di)(di)(di)聽從(cong)景延廣(guang)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)(yi),放棄(qi)對契(qi)(qi)(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)國(guo)稱(cheng)臣(chen)而(er)(er)(er)改稱(cheng)孫以洗刷屈辱。景延廣(guang)對契(qi)(qi)(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)人的(de)敵意(yi)十(shi)分強烈,他殺害契(qi)(qi)(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)商(shang)人,逮(dai)捕契(qi)(qi)(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)使(shi)者出(chu)氣(qi)(qi),屢次對契(qi)(qi)(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)挑釁。此舉引來契(qi)(qi)(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)可汗耶(ye)(ye)律(lv)德(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)的(de)憤怒,他于(yu)944年(nian)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)南(nan)征(zheng)。當時河(he)北(bei)(bei)大(da)旱,蝗(huang)蟲侵襲,契(qi)(qi)(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)掠貝州(zhou)(今河(he)北(bei)(bei)清河(he))等地而(er)(er)(er)還。隔(ge)(ge)年(nian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)帝(di)(di)(di)派杜重(zhong)(zhong)威(wei)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)北(bei)(bei)伐,耶(ye)(ye)律(lv)德(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)聞之率(lv)(lv)大(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)南(nan)下,最后(hou)(hou)(hou)杜重(zhong)(zhong)威(wei)成功的(de)在(zai)白溝(gou)(河(he)北(bei)(bei)定興(xing)、新城(cheng)(cheng)間(jian))擊(ji)潰(kui)契(qi)(qi)(qi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。然而(er)(er)(er),后(hou)(hou)(hou)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)帝(di)(di)(di)于(yu)白溝(gou)之戰后(hou)(hou)(hou)日益(yi)驕奢(she),又以馮(feng)玉(yu)執政(zheng),賄絡公行,朝政(zheng)敗壞。946年(nian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)帝(di)(di)(di)再以杜重(zhong)(zhong)威(wei)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)北(bei)(bei)伐,與耶(ye)(ye)律(lv)德(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)在(zai)滹(hu)沱河(he)會(hui)戰。此時杜重(zhong)(zhong)威(wei)有意(yi)奪位,反而(er)(er)(er)向耶(ye)(ye)律(lv)德(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)投(tou)(tou)降。耶(ye)(ye)律(lv)德(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)趁機率(lv)(lv)聯軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)直逼開(kai)封,后(hou)(hou)(hou)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)將李守貞、張彥澤陸續投(tou)(tou)降,最后(hou)(hou)(hou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)帝(di)(di)(di)開(kai)城(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)降,后(hou)(hou)(hou)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)亡,史稱(cheng)遼滅晉(jin)(jin)(jin)之戰。隔(ge)(ge)年(nian)耶(ye)(ye)律(lv)德(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)將國(guo)號改為(wei)“大(da)遼”,即(ji)遼太(tai)(tai)宗,正式建(jian)(jian)立(li)遼朝。遼太(tai)(tai)宗本來對經營(ying)中(zhong)國(guo)地區很有信心,然而(er)(er)(er)“打(da)草谷(gu)”與掠人為(wei)奴的(de)掠奪政(zheng)策使(shi)中(zhong)原百姓群聚(ju)反抗。其中(zhong)河(he)東軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)劉知(zhi)遠聽從(cong)張彥威(wei)的(de)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)(yi),以中(zhong)原無主(zhu)為(wei)由(you)于(yu)太(tai)(tai)原稱(cheng)帝(di)(di)(di),建(jian)(jian)國(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)漢,即(ji)后(hou)(hou)(hou)漢高祖。遼太(tai)(tai)宗壓制不(bu)了此局面,以天氣(qi)(qi)炎(yan)熱為(wei)由(you)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)北(bei)(bei)返(fan)。他命(ming)蕭(xiao)翰留(liu)守開(kai)封,杜重(zhong)(zhong)威(wei)留(liu)守鄴都。最后(hou)(hou)(hou)于(yu)殺胡林(lin)(今河(he)北(bei)(bei)欒城(cheng)(cheng))去世,其兄子耶(ye)(ye)律(lv)兀欲繼位,即(ji)遼世宗。
后(hou)漢(han)高祖在遼軍北返后(hou)開(kai)始收復中原。蕭翰得知(zhi)消(xiao)息后(hou),劫(jie)持后(hou)唐(tang)宗室李從益(yi)(yi)稱(cheng)帝于(yu)開(kai)封,而后(hou)北返。后(hou)漢(han)高祖聞之派(pai)使(shi)殺李從益(yi)(yi)以(yi)定都開(kai)封,并派(pai)高行周(zhou)與(yu)慕容(rong)彥超在魏州之戰(zhan)戰(zhan)役降服杜(du)重威,諸鎮相繼歸(gui)附。948年(nian)后(hou)漢(han)高祖去世,其(qi)子劉(liu)承(cheng)祐繼位(wei),是為后(hou)漢(han)隱帝,并以(yi)楊邠、郭威、史弘肇與(yu)王章為輔(fu)國(guo)大臣。當時河中節度使(shi)李守貞叛亂,有賴郭威平(ping)定。
后(hou)漢(han)(han)隱帝(di)(di)(di)年長后(hou)猜忌輔國大臣,與(yu)郭(guo)(guo)允(yun)明協議后(hou)于950年以(yi)遼軍(jun)寇河(he)北(bei)為由派郭(guo)(guo)威(wei)(wei)鎮守(shou)鄴都,隨后(hou)大殺(sha)楊、史與(yu)王(wang)等大臣,又殺(sha)郭(guo)(guo)威(wei)(wei)一家,并召泰寧軍(jun)慕容彥超等急速入(ru)京(jing)。郭(guo)(guo)威(wei)(wei)聽從魏(wei)仁浦建(jian)議起兵南下,并派養(yang)子柴(chai)榮(rong)鎮守(shou)鄴都。隔年擊(ji)潰(kui)慕容彥超,攻入(ru)開封,后(hou)漢(han)(han)隱帝(di)(di)(di)最后(hou)為郭(guo)(guo)允(yun)明等所殺(sha)。郭(guo)(guo)威(wei)(wei)本有(you)意(yi)立劉(liu)崇子徐州軍(jun)劉(liu)赟為帝(di)(di)(di),先以(yi)李(li)太(tai)后(hou)臨(lin)朝。當時(shi)恰巧(qiao)遼軍(jun)入(ru)侵(qin),郭(guo)(guo)威(wei)(wei)出師御敵(di),但大軍(jun)至澶州(今河(he)北(bei)濮陽)時(shi),軍(jun)士擁護郭(guo)(guo)威(wei)(wei)稱帝(di)(di)(di),大軍(jun)返回開封。951年郭(guo)(guo)威(wei)(wei)稱帝(di)(di)(di),建(jian)國后(hou)周(zhou),即后(hou)周(zhou)太(tai)祖,后(hou)漢(han)(han)亡(wang)。