金遼(liao)戰(zhan)爭是指中(zhong)國金朝(chao)(chao)建立前一年(nian)至金朝(chao)(chao)天(tian)會三年(nian)(遼(liao)朝(chao)(chao)天(tian)慶四年(nian)至保大五年(nian),1114~1125年(nian)),在(zai)中(zhong)國東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)興起的女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)族(zu),起兵(bing)反抗直至攻滅(mie)遼(liao)朝(chao)(chao)的戰(zhan)爭。遼(liao)朝(chao)(chao)后(hou)期,遼(liao)國皇帝天(tian)祚帝驕(jiao)奢淫逸,朝(chao)(chao)政廢弛,官僚貴族(zu)橫征暴斂,互相拼殺,各民族(zu)紛(fen)紛(fen)起來(lai)反抗。在(zai)遼(liao)道宗皇帝在(zai)位時,逐步(bu)趨于統(tong)一的女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)各部(bu)(bu),已形成(cheng)擁有10萬戶的強大部(bu)(bu)落聯盟(meng),占有今黑(hei)龍江以(yi)東(dong)及長(chang)白(bai)山(shan)一帶廣大地區。遼(liao)天(tian)慶三年(nian)(1113年(nian)),完顏(yan)阿骨打繼任女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)都勃(bo)極烈(部(bu)(bu)落聯盟(meng)長(chang)),厲兵(bing)秣馬、發展生產,決心(xin)擺脫遼(liao)朝(chao)(chao)的統(tong)治(zhi),起兵(bing)攻遼(liao)。
女(nv)真(zhen)族是居住在(zai)(zai)中國東北地區的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)古(gu)老民族。商周時(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肅慎,西漢(han)時(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)挹婁,南北朝時(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)勿吉,隋唐時(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)珠鞥。遼(liao)(liao)朝人(ren)滅(mie)掉(diao)靺鞥人(ren)建立的(de)(de)(de)渤海政權后,黑水(shui)珠鞥改(gai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)女(nv)真(zhen)。為了削弱(ruo)女(nv)真(zhen)族的(de)(de)(de)力量,遼(liao)(liao)朝統治(zhi)(zhi)者采(cai)取(qu)分而(er)治(zhi)(zhi)之的(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa),將一部分女(nv)真(zhen)人(ren)遷到遼(liao)(liao)陽(yang)以(yi)南,編(bian)入遼(liao)(liao)朝戶籍,稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟女(nv)真(zhen)。沒有遷走的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)編(bian)入遼(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)戶籍,稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)生女(nv)真(zhen),他們住在(zai)(zai)長白(bai)山北、松花江、黑龍江一帶,承擔(dan)著對(dui)遼(liao)(liao)王朝納貢的(de)(de)(de)義務。
遼道宗耶律洪(hong)基時,隸屬于遼朝的(de)女真諸部逐趨(qu)統一(yi),形(xing)成擁有(you)10萬戶的(de)部落聯(lian)盟(meng)。在(zai)完顏盈歌時期即力農(nong)積谷,練兵(bing)牧(mu)馬,逐步(bu)強大。從此(ci),一(yi)個以完顏部為核心(xin)的(de)強大統一(yi)的(de)軍(jun)事聯(lian)盟(meng)逐漸形(xing)成。女真各部族的(de)統一(yi)促進(jin)了女真社會的(de)發展(zhan),為金(jin)朝的(de)建國(guo)奠定了基礎。
由(you)于女真(zhen)(zhen)原臣附(fu)于遼(liao)(liao),受遼(liao)(liao)統(tong)治,因(yin)此,遼(liao)(liao)除(chu)每年要女真(zhen)(zhen)人進貢北珠(zhu)、貂、樺、名(ming)馬良犬、海東青等名(ming)貴特產外,還從(cong)其他方(fang)面奴役(yi)女真(zhen)(zhen)人。而遼(liao)(liao)朝(chao)后期宮廷日趨腐敗,至天(tian)祚帝耶律延禧更是(shi)驕奢淫逸,府庫空(kong)虛,加(jia)劇對(dui)各族人民(min)壓迫和掠奪,強令(ling)女真(zhen)(zhen)進貢異品珍寶。女真(zhen)(zhen)各部人民(min)強烈不滿,紛紛要求(qiu)起(qi)兵反抗。遼(liao)(liao)天(tian)祚帝天(tian)慶三年(1113),完顏阿骨(gu)打(即金太祖(zu))繼任(ren)為聯盟長。阿骨(gu)打是(shi)女真(zhen)(zhen)族一位(wei)杰(jie)出的領(ling)袖。他適應了當(dang)時女真(zhen)(zhen)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展的要求(qiu)和反遼(liao)(liao)斗爭的需要,決心推翻遼(liao)(liao)朝(chao)統(tong)治,建(jian)立自己的王朝(chao)。
女(nv)真族(zu)的反遼(liao)斗(dou)爭和金(jin)國的建(jian)立。天慶四年(nian)(1114)初,阿(a)骨打遣迪古乃(nai)等到遼(liao)朝(chao)索要叛逃者阿(a)疏,屢(lv)遭拒(ju)絕,從而偵知(zhi)遼(liao)朝(chao)政(zheng)腐(fu)敗,不修武(wu)備,遂令(ling)各部首領(ling)扼守要沖,筑城治械,加緊備戰(zhan)。遼(liao)朝(chao)也遣東北統軍司節度使蕭撻(ta)不野率(lv)軍加強寧(ning)江(jiang)州(今(jin)吉林(lin)扶(fu)余北伯都訥)防御。阿(a)骨打乃(nai)決定在(zai)遼(liao)軍集(ji)(ji)結之(zhi)前(qian),先發制(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),命完顏(yan)(yan)銀術可、完顏(yan)(yan)婁室、移烈、完顏(yan)(yan)阇母(mu)為將,征調各部兵(bing)2500人(ren)集(ji)(ji)結于淶流(liu)河(今(jin)松花(hua)江(jiang)支流(liu)拉(la)林(lin)河)。九月,于石(shi)碑(bei)崴(wei)子屯(今(jin)吉林(lin)扶(fu)余東)誓師(shi)攻打寧(ning)江(jiang)州。寧(ning)江(jiang)州是遼(liao)控制(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)真的前(qian)哨(shao)重(zhong)(zhong)地,而遼(liao)并無重(zhong)(zhong)兵(bing)把守。
阿骨打率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)進(jin)入遼(liao)(liao)界,途中與(yu)遼(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)遭遇,阿骨打為避其鋒(feng)銳(rui)而佯(yang)退,引渤海軍(jun)(jun)進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong),爾后(hou)親率(lv)(lv)將(jiang)(jiang)士反擊,射殺遼(liao)(liao)驍(xiao)將(jiang)(jiang)耶律謝十。遼(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)敗逃,自相(xiang)踐踏,死者(zhe)甚眾。十月,攻(gong)(gong)(gong)克寧(ning)江(jiang)(jiang)州城,并(bing)俘獲大(da)(da)(da)量馬匹財(cai)物,勝利班師。攻(gong)(gong)(gong)破寧(ning)江(jiang)(jiang)州,是(shi)女(nv)真族反遼(liao)(liao)斗(dou)爭的(de)第1次(ci)重大(da)(da)(da)勝利,極大(da)(da)(da)地(di)鼓(gu)舞(wu)了女(nv)真軍(jun)(jun)的(de)士氣,增(zeng)強了女(nv)真軍(jun)(jun)推翻遼(liao)(liao)統(tong)治的(de)信(xin)心。遼(liao)(liao)天祚帝得知寧(ning)江(jiang)(jiang)失(shi)守的(de)消息后(hou),命令都(dou)統(tong)蕭糺里、副(fu)都(dou)統(tong)蕭撻(ta)不野率(lv)(lv)10萬步騎(qi)進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)女(nv)真。十月,遼(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)先鋒(feng)蕭嗣先率(lv)(lv)7000人屯出河店(今(jin)黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)肇源西(xi)),與(yu)女(nv)真軍(jun)(jun)隔鴨子(zi)河(今(jin)松花江(jiang)(jiang)上游)相(xiang)對。
十一月,阿骨打率甲(jia)士3700人(ren)乘夜渡江襲(xi)遼(liao)軍(jun)(jun)。黎明(ming)時,大軍(jun)(jun)過河(he)(he),與遼(liao)軍(jun)(jun)會戰于出(chu)河(he)(he)店(dian)。當時,大風驟起,塵埃蔽(bi)天,女(nv)真(zhen)軍(jun)(jun)乘勢揮軍(jun)(jun)猛(meng)擊,遼(liao)將士望風潰(kui)逃(tao),女(nv)真(zhen)軍(jun)(jun)擄獲無(wu)數人(ren)畜(chu)、車(che)馬、兵(bing)甲(jia)。女(nv)真(zhen)軍(jun)(jun)在出(chu)河(he)(he)店(dian)取勝(sheng)后,乘勝(sheng)攻(gong)下遼(liao)賓(bin)(今(jin)吉林(lin)農安(an)東北(bei))祥(今(jin)農安(an)境)、咸(今(jin)遼(liao)寧開原(yuan)北(bei))3州之地。天祚帝(di)因遼(liao)軍(jun)(jun)屢戰屢敗,罷樞密使(shi)蕭奉先,起用(yong)南(nan)府宰相張(zhang)琳統管軍(jun)(jun)事。張(zhang)琳為(wei)(wei)擴充兵(bing)力(li),倉促征兵(bing)10萬,分(fen)4路(lu)出(chu)擊,東征女(nv)真(zhen)。其突(tu)出(chu)淶流河(he)(he)1路(lu),被女(nv)真(zhen)軍(jun)(jun)擊敗,其余3路(lu)聞訊,不戰自退女(nv)真(zhen)軍(jun)(jun)連(lian)戰皆勝(sheng),收編遼(liao)俘,兵(bing)力(li)驟增。阿骨打遂(sui)于遼(liao)天慶(qing)五(wu)年正月初稱帝(di),是為(wei)(wei)太祖,國號大金(jin),年號收國。
金(jin)太(tai)祖(zu)完顏(yan)(yan)旻(完顏(yan)(yan)阿骨打)稱帝后(hou),于收國元(yuan)年(nian)(1115)正(zheng)月初五,率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)攻(gong)克黃龍府后(hou)回師。遼(liao)(liao)天(tian)祚帝聞訊,命(ming)都(dou)統耶律訛里朵、左(zuo)副都(dou)統蕭乙(yi)薛、右(you)(you)副都(dou)統耶律章奴率(lv)騎兵號稱20萬(wan)、步兵7萬(wan)至(zhi)達魯古(gu)城(cheng)(今吉林扶(fu)余西北(bei)土城(cheng)子),準備攻(gong)金(jin),并遣使逼金(jin)議和。二十九日,金(jin)太(tai)祖(zu)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)至(zhi)達魯古(gu)城(cheng)下迎戰,見遼(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)雖眾,但隊(dui)形不整。遂于高阜列陣。令(ling)皇侄(zhi)完顏(yan)(yan)宗雄(xiong)(xiong)(完顏(yan)(yan)謀良虎)以右(you)(you)軍(jun)(jun)沖擊遼(liao)(liao)左(zuo)軍(jun)(jun),令(ling)左(zuo)軍(jun)(jun)迂(yu)回至(zhi)遼(liao)(liao)右(you)(you)軍(jun)(jun)陣后(hou),又命(ming)完顏(yan)(yan)婁室、完顏(yan)(yan)銀術可率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)沖擊遼(liao)(liao)中軍(jun)(jun)。金(jin)軍(jun)(jun)先后(hou)9次沖入(ru)遼(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)陣營,遼(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)依然固守。金(jin)太(tai)祖(zu)急令(ling)宗雄(xiong)(xiong)設疑兵以分遼(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun),宗雄(xiong)(xiong)抓住(zhu)戰機猛攻(gong)遼(liao)(liao)右(you)(you)軍(jun)(jun)。
遼(liao)軍(jun)大(da)敗,退入達(da)魯(lu)古城。次日凌晨,遼(liao)軍(jun)突圍北逃.金(jin)軍(jun)追至阿(a)婁(lou)岡。全殲遼(liao)步兵。二月(yue),金(jin)軍(jun)一舉攻入黃(huang)龍(long)(long)府,金(jin)太祖命婁(lou)室為萬戶,鎮(zhen)守黃(huang)龍(long)(long)府。黃(huang)龍(long)(long)府失守后。當年十一月(yue),天(tian)祚帝(di)親(qin)率(lv)70萬大(da)軍(jun)出(chu)征。遼(liao)駙馬蕭(xiao)特末、林牙蕭(xiao)扎(zha)拉率(lv)騎兵5萬,步兵40萬至斡(wo)鄰濼(今吉林大(da)安南查干泡),企圖兩路夾擊(ji),一舉擊(ji)敗金(jin)軍(jun)。阿(a)骨打親(qin)自率(lv)軍(jun)進(jin)攻爻剌(la),雙(shuang)方主力尚未對(dui)陣,遼(liao)耶律章奴發動兵變.欲立燕(yan)王耶律淳(chun)為帝(di)。天(tian)祚帝(di)得知(zhi),被迫從前線西還。阿(a)骨打遂率(lv)軍(jun)主動追擊(ji)西還的遼(liao)軍(jun),在護步答崗(今黑龍(long)(long)江五常(chang)西)與遼(liao)軍(jun)相遇。此時(shi),金(jin)軍(jun)只有2萬,阿(a)骨打決定集中兵力攻擊(ji)遼(liao)主所在的中軍(jun),并以(yi)左右兩翼合擊(ji),遼(liao)軍(jun)不備,大(da)敗而逃。
在遼(liao)(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)屢屢敗北的情況下,遼(liao)(liao)(liao)統(tong)治(zhi)階級內部不斷發生叛亂,金收國(guo)二(er)年(1116)正月,遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)京(jing)(今(jin)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)陽(yang)(yang))裨將(jiang)、渤海人高永(yong)(yong)(yong)昌(chang)(chang)擁兵(bing)自立,占據遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)50余州。天(tian)(tian)祚帝先后派張琳(lin)、耶律淳募兵(bing)鎮壓。高永(yong)(yong)(yong)昌(chang)(chang)遣使向金求援,想聯(lian)結(jie)金合(he)力消滅遼(liao)(liao)(liao)朝,被金拒絕。四(si)月,金太祖命(ming)完顏(yan)斡魯統(tong)率內外(wai)諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)進攻高永(yong)(yong)(yong)昌(chang)(chang)。斡魯率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)南下,與(yu)(yu)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)遇于沈(shen)州(今(jin)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)沈(shen)陽(yang)(yang))擊敗遼(liao)(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),攻克沈(shen)州。高永(yong)(yong)(yong)昌(chang)(chang)率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)結(jie)陣于沃里活(huo)水(shui)(遼(liao)(liao)(liao)水(shui))以拒金軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。金將(jiang)完顏(yan)阇母乘勢(shi)率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)強行(xing)渡河,大敗永(yong)(yong)(yong)昌(chang)(chang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于首山(今(jin)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)陽(yang)(yang)北),永(yong)(yong)(yong)昌(chang)(chang)率殘軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)敗退(tui)東(dong)(dong)(dong)京(jing)城內。第2天(tian)(tian).高水(shui)昌(chang)(chang)盡發城中士卒與(yu)(yu)金軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)決戰,又大敗。金軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)乘勝攻占東(dong)(dong)(dong)京(jing)。
金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)占領東京(jing)(jing)后,迅速率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)西(xi)進(jin)(jin)(jin),準備(bei)奪取(qu)遼上京(jing)(jing)。金(jin)(jin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)輔元年(1117)四(si)月(yue),遼天(tian)(tian)(tian)祚(zuo)帝(di)命秦晉王耶律(lv)(lv)淳(chun)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)向(xiang)遼東反擊(ji),被金(jin)(jin)完(wan)(wan)顏忠(完(wan)(wan)顏迪古乃)、婁室(shi)、完(wan)(wan)顏婆(po)盧(lu)火和完(wan)(wan)顏斡(wo)魯古等軍(jun)(jun)擊(ji)敗。九月(yue),天(tian)(tian)(tian)祚(zuo)帝(di)為阻遏金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)西(xi)進(jin)(jin)(jin),命耶律(lv)(lv)淳(chun)為都統,招(zhao)募遼東饑民2.8萬人,編為8營,號稱(cheng)“怨(yuan)軍(jun)(jun)”,由乾州(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)北(bei)鎮西(xi)南(nan)(nan))進(jin)(jin)(jin)屯(tun)蒺藜山(shan)(今(jin)阜新北(bei))進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)防御,企圖阻擊(ji)金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)直入中京(jing)(jing)(今(jin)內(nei)蒙古寧城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)大(da)明城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))、上京(jing)(jing)(今(jin)巴林左旗東南(nan)(nan)波羅(luo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))。十二月(yue),金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)西(xi)攻乾州(zhou)(zhou)東北(bei)之顯州(zhou)(zhou),耶律(lv)(lv)淳(chun)率(lv)(lv)“怨(yuan)軍(jun)(jun)”乘夜偷襲被擊(ji)敗,金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)遂拔顯州(zhou)(zhou)。徽、成(均(jun)在(zai)今(jin)遼寧阜新西(xi)北(bei))、惠(今(jin)建平北(bei))、乾等七州(zhou)(zhou)相繼降金(jin)(jin)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)輔四(si)年(1120)四(si)月(yue),金(jin)(jin)太(tai)祖親(qin)率(lv)(lv)金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)向(xiang)遼都城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上京(jing)(jing)臨潢府進(jin)(jin)(jin)發。五月(yue),金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)抵上京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下,派(pai)遣使者招(zhao)降。遼上京(jing)(jing)留守撻不(bu)野(ye)自(zi)恃上京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池堅固,屯(tun)積(ji)豐厚,企圖據城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)固守。金(jin)(jin)太(tai)祖親(qin)臨城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下督戰,大(da)將阇(du)母(mu)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)首先(xian)登城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。不(bu)到半天(tian)(tian)(tian)功夫,外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)即被金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)攻破,撻不(bu)野(ye)知城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)難保,遂率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)出降。天(tian)(tian)(tian)祚(zuo)帝(di)逃往(wang)西(xi)京(jing)(jing)(今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)大(da)同(tong))。
天(tian)輔五(wu)年(1121)正(zheng)月(yue),遼(liao)都統(tong)耶(ye)律余(yu)睹(du)(du)降金(jin)(jin)。金(jin)(jin)太祖得(de)知遼(liao)內(nei)部空虛,兵員枯竭,于十(shi)二月(yue)命(ming)皇弟完顏杲(完顏斜也)為(wei)內(nei)外諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)都統(tong),完顏昱(完顏蒲家奴)、完顏宗翰(完顏粘罕(han))等為(wei)副都統(tong),耶(ye)律余(yu)睹(du)(du)為(wei)先鋒,統(tong)軍(jun)(jun)南(nan)下,攻中京(jing)。遼(liao)人毫無斗志,金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)未到(dao),即焚燒(shao)芻糧,準(zhun)備(bei)徙民逃遁。六年(1122)正(zheng)月(yue),金(jin)(jin)克遼(liao)高州(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)內(nei)蒙古赤峰東(dong))、恩州(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)內(nei)蒙古喀刺(ci)沁(qin)旗東(dong))及回(hui)紇城(cheng),遂進至中京(jing)大定府(今(jin)內(nei)蒙古自治區寧(ning)城(cheng)縣西北(bei))城(cheng)下。遼(liao)守軍(jun)(jun)聞(wen)金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)已(yi)到(dao),不戰自潰(kui),金(jin)(jin)克中京(jing)。然后,金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)進據(ju)澤州(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)河北(bei)平泉南(nan)察罕(han)城(cheng))。
二月,占領(ling)北(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)州(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)承德西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan))。前鋒進至(zhi)(zhi)松(song)亭關(今(jin)(jin)遷西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)喜峰口(kou))、古北(bei)(bei)(bei)口(kou)(今(jin)(jin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)密云東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei))一帶。遼天(tian)(tian)(tian)祚帝(di)(di)見金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)有(you)直取南(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(今(jin)(jin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing))之(zhi)勢,便命耶律(lv)淳等留守(shou)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing),自己率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)逃(tao)(tao)至(zhi)(zhi)鴛鴦濼(luo)(luo)(今(jin)(jin)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)固里淖)。宗翰軍(jun)(jun)出(chu)青(qing)嶺,追(zhui)擊正(zheng)在(zai)鴛鴦濼(luo)(luo)的(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)祚帝(di)(di)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)祚帝(di)(di)聞金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)將至(zhi)(zhi)。遂(sui)率(lv)部逃(tao)(tao)入白水(shui)濼(luo)(luo)(今(jin)(jin)內蒙(meng)古察哈爾右翼(yi)前旗黃旗海(hai))。金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)尾隨緊追(zhui)。四月,金(jin)(jin)取西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)京(jing)(jing)后,完顏杲率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)直逼白水(shui)濼(luo)(luo),天(tian)(tian)(tian)祚帝(di)(di)乘輕騎(qi)逃(tao)(tao)入夾山(shan)(shan)(今(jin)(jin)內蒙(meng)古土(tu)默特左(zuo)旗西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)),山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)諸城(cheng)(cheng)皆降。十(shi)二月,金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)分兩路(lu)進攻燕京(jing)(jing)。一路(lu)由(you)完顏忠率(lv)領(ling)入得勝口(kou)(今(jin)(jin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)昌平北(bei)(bei)(bei)),一路(lu)由(you)銀(yin)術可率(lv)領(ling)入居庸(yong)關(今(jin)(jin)昌平西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)),恰遇地震,遼軍(jun)(jun)不戰(zhan)自潰,遼知樞密院左(zuo)企(qi)弓(gong)、虞仲文等率(lv)百官出(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)奉(feng)表投降,金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)輕取南(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing),并命左(zuo)企(qi)弓(gong)等撫定燕京(jing)(jing)諸州(zhou)(zhou)。至(zhi)(zhi)此,遼國(guo)境土(tu)全部納(na)入了金(jin)(jin)朝的(de)版(ban)圖。七月七日(ri),遼天(tian)(tian)(tian)祚帝(di)(di)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)出(chu)夾山(shan)(shan),欲(yu)收復燕云地區,遼軍(jun)(jun)進至(zhi)(zhi)奄遏下(xia)水(shui)(今(jin)(jin)內蒙(meng)古岱海(hai))被(bei)金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)擊敗,逃(tao)(tao)往山(shan)(shan)陰(今(jin)(jin)屬山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi))。八月,金(jin)(jin)太祖(zu)病(bing)逝,其弟(di)完顏晟(sheng)(完顏吳乞買)繼位,是為(wei)太宗。金(jin)(jin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)會三年(1125)二月,金(jin)(jin)軍(jun)(jun)于應(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)應(ying)縣)境俘天(tian)(tian)(tian)祚帝(di)(di),遼朝滅(mie)亡(wang)。
金(jin)(jin)(jin)遼(liao)(liao)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)之前,女(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)族(zu)原(yuan)附于(yu)遼(liao)(liao),受遼(liao)(liao)統(tong)(tong)(tong)治,并承擔著對遼(liao)(liao)王朝(chao)納貢的(de)義務。但女(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)族(zu)在(zai)反遼(liao)(liao)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)爭(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)逐(zhu)(zhu)步強大,直(zhi)至擺脫遼(liao)(liao)的(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)治。建(jian)立了(le)金(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo),并在(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)遼(liao)(liao)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong),連戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)皆勝(sheng),直(zhi)到(dao)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)亡遼(liao)(liao)朝(chao)。相反,遼(liao)(liao)國(guo)面對日(ri)益興盛(sheng)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo),在(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)遼(liao)(liao)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)屢(lv)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)屢(lv)敗(bai)(bai),連連敗(bai)(bai)逃(tao),直(zhi)至被金(jin)(jin)(jin)朝(chao)所滅(mie)(mie)(mie)。在(zai)這(zhe)種強弱(ruo)(ruo)轉化之勢中(zhong),遼(liao)(liao)國(guo)所以由(you)強變(bian)弱(ruo)(ruo),直(zhi)至被自己統(tong)(tong)(tong)治的(de)女(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)政權所滅(mie)(mie)(mie),根本(ben)的(de)原(yuan)因就在(zai)于(yu)遼(liao)(liao)王朝(chao)的(de)朝(chao)政日(ri)益腐(fu)敗(bai)(bai),不(bu)修武備,府庫空虛,軍(jun)隊(dui)毫(hao)無斗(dou)(dou)(dou)志,無戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)力(li)(li),在(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)軍(jun)的(de)猛烈進攻下(xia),不(bu)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自潰。而金(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)卻逐(zhu)(zhu)漸形成了(le)以完顏部為(wei)核心的(de)強大統(tong)(tong)(tong)一的(de)軍(jun)事聯盟(meng),并在(zai)對遼(liao)(liao)作戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)建(jian)立起一套具(ju)有女(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)族(zu)特色(se)的(de)國(guo)家制度,軍(jun)隊(dui)也組織嚴密,戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)力(li)(li)強,特別是反遼(liao)(liao)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)爭(zheng)(zheng)適應了(le)當時女(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)族(zu)社會發展(zhan)的(de)要求(qiu),因而在(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)遼(liao)(liao)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong),逐(zhu)(zhu)步由(you)弱(ruo)(ruo)變(bian)強,由(you)受遼(liao)(liao)統(tong)(tong)(tong)治,到(dao)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)亡遼(liao)(liao)國(guo),并將遼(liao)(liao)國(guo)境土全(quan)部納入金(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)的(de)版(ban)圖(tu)。
在金(jin)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)戰(zhan)爭中,完顏阿骨打充分發揮金(jin)軍(jun)(jun)騎兵快速機動(dong)的(de)優(you)勢(shi),主(zhu)動(dong)出(chu)擊,出(chu)奇制勝。在攻(gong)克寧江州,大戰(zhan)出(chu)河店,攻(gong)占黃龍府以及攻(gong)占東京(jing)(jing)、上(shang)京(jing)(jing)、中京(jing)(jing)和南京(jing)(jing)的(de)戰(zhan)爭中,金(jin)軍(jun)(jun)都是主(zhu)動(dong)出(chu)擊,掌握(wo)戰(zhan)爭的(de)主(zhu)動(dong)權,多次打敗遼(liao)(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)主(zhu)力(li)。在遼(liao)(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)每戰(zhan)敗逃的(de)情況下,金(jin)軍(jun)(jun)乘(cheng)勢(shi)主(zhu)動(dong)追擊,形(xing)成咄咄逼(bi)人之勢(shi),致使遼(liao)(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)不戰(zhan)自潰,連(lian)連(lian)逃退。在遼(liao)(liao)(liao)軍(jun)(jun)屢屢敗北,金(jin)軍(jun)(jun)連(lian)戰(zhan)皆勝的(de)形(xing)勢(shi)下,金(jin)軍(jun)(jun)紿終能抓住戰(zhan)機,乘(cheng)勢(shi)攻(gong)遼(liao)(liao)(liao),步(bu)步(bu)緊逼(bi),逐一奪取遼(liao)(liao)(liao)朝重鎮(zhen),終于攻(gong)滅遼(liao)(liao)(liao)朝。
遼(liao)國(guo)天(tian)慶四年,女真部(bu)落聯盟(meng)長阿骨打先(xian)發(fa)制人,征調各(ge)部(bu)兵2500人誓師攻(gong)寧江州(zhou),用假裝敗(bai)退引誘(you)敵人的(de)戰(zhan)法,打敗(bai)了遼(liao)國(guo)大(da)將蕭撻不(bu)野,攻(gong)破了寧江州(zhou),掠奪財物(wu)而歸。后來,女真軍連戰(zhan)皆勝,兵力(li)驟增。
遼(liao)(liao)國(guo)天慶五年正月初(chu)(chu)一,完顏阿骨打稱(cheng)帝(di)(即金(jin)(jin)太祖),建立(li)金(jin)(jin)朝,年號收國(guo)。初(chu)(chu)五就率兵攻陷黃龍府(fu)后(hou)回師。遼(liao)(liao)國(guo)天祚(zuo)皇帝(di)命令騎兵20萬(wan)、步兵7萬(wan)增援(yuan)。金(jin)(jin)太祖發現(xian)遼(liao)(liao)軍雖多,但隊形(xing)不整(zheng),抓住戰機(ji),猛(meng)攻遼(liao)(liao)軍,遼(liao)(liao)軍大敗。金(jin)(jin)軍連創遼(liao)(liao)軍主(zhu)力,取(qu)得(de)了主(zhu)動地位(wei)。
金收國(guo)(guo)(年(nian)號)二年(nian)(遼(liao)(liao)天慶六年(nian),即1116年(nian))正月,渤(bo)海人高(gao)永(yong)昌(chang)擁(yong)兵自立(li)為王(wang),占據(ju)了(le)遼(liao)(liao)國(guo)(guo)以(yi)東50多個州。天祚帝命令宰相張(zhang)琳攻討,高(gao)永(yong)昌(chang)向金求(qiu)援,金太祖乘機(ji)派(pai)兵攻打遼(liao)(liao)的(de)東部(bu)(bu),先(xian)于沈州(今中國(guo)(guo)東北(bei)部(bu)(bu)遼(liao)(liao)寧省沈陽市)打敗張(zhang)琳的(de)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)隊,后又(you)擊滅了(le)高(gao)永(yong)昌(chang),占領東京(jing)(今遼(liao)(liao)寧遼(liao)(liao)陽)。遼(liao)(liao)國(guo)(guo)天祚帝招募(mu)遼(liao)(liao)東流民2.8萬人,編(bian)為8營,號稱“怨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)”反擊,阻擊沒用(yong)成功,金軍(jun)(jun)(jun)乘勢奪占遼(liao)(liao)國(guo)(guo)的(de)七個州城。從(cong)此,金國(guo)(guo)每占領一(yi)個地(di)方,便廢除(chu)苛法,減(jian)免賦稅(shui),優待降(jiang)俘,爭(zheng)取民心,以(yi)鞏(gong)固后方。后來金遼(liao)(liao)議和沒成功,金軍(jun)(jun)(jun)轉入大舉進攻,遼(liao)(liao)國(guo)(guo)還沒部(bu)(bu)署就緒,金軍(jun)(jun)(jun)就攻入外城,遼(liao)(liao)國(guo)(guo)上京(jing)留守(官職名)撻不野率兵投降(jiang)了(le)。
轉(zhuan)戰西(xi)京(jing)(jing)金(jin)國天(tian)輔(fu)五年,金(jin)太祖得知遼(liao)內(nei)部空(kong)虛,兵源枯竭,于是(shi)統軍(jun)(jun)(jun)南下,攻打(da)遼(liao)國。遼(liao)國天(tian)祚(zuo)(zuo)帝見(jian)金(jin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)直取南京(jing)(jing)(今(jin)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing))之勢,逃到西(xi)京(jing)(jing)(今(jin)中(zhong)國中(zhong)西(xi)部山(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)大同(tong)市)。金(jin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)跟蹤追擊(ji),西(xi)京(jing)(jing)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)隊投降,天(tian)祚(zuo)(zuo)帝逃往夾山(shan)(今(jin)內(nei)蒙古(gu)土默特左旗(qi)西(xi)北(bei)(bei))。后來遼(liao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)又(you)叛(pan)變,遼(liao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)尚有(you)2.5萬(wan)人,金(jin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)在城內(nei)只有(you)1000多人,被(bei)遼(liao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)包圍。天(tian)祚(zuo)(zuo)帝登高觀戰,被(bei)金(jin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)發現。金(jin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)直沖(chong)天(tian)祚(zuo)(zuo)帝,天(tian)祚(zuo)(zuo)帝棄(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)逃跑,遼(liao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大敗。
進軍(jun)南京(jing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)天(tian)(tian)輔(fu)(fu)六(liu)年三(san)月(yue),遼國(guo)秦晉王耶律淳在南京(jing)稱(cheng)帝。十(shi)二(er)月(yue),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)分兵兩(liang)路攻南京(jing),當時正趕上(shang)地震,遼軍(jun)不(bu)戰自(zi)退,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)軍(jun)輕(qing)易奪取(qu)南京(jing)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)天(tian)(tian)輔(fu)(fu)七年八月(yue),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)太(tai)祖(zu)病逝,他的弟弟完(wan)顏晟繼位(wei)(即金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)太(tai)宗(zong))。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)天(tian)(tian)會三(san)年(1125年)二(er)月(yue),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)軍(jun)在應州(zhou)(今山(shan)西應縣)境內俘虜天(tian)(tian)祚帝,遼朝宣告滅亡。
在(zai)長達11年、經過上百次戰斗(dou)的金(jin)遼(liao)戰爭中,完顏阿骨打審時度勢,以武力進(jin)攻與分化瓦解相結合的方略(lve),縱橫征戰數(shu)千(qian)里,出(chu)奇制(zhi)勝,多(duo)次擊敗遼(liao)軍主力,逐個奪取(qu)遼(liao)朝重鎮(zhen),終于攻滅遼(liao)朝,確立(li)了金(jin)在(zai)中國北(bei)部的統治。