薯片(pian)(英國英語:crisps;美國英語:potato chips)是(shi)指(zhi)由(you)馬鈴(ling)薯(土豆)制成的零食。
薯(shu)片(pian)(pian)制作方法是把馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)去皮后切為薄(bo)片(pian)(pian),然后炸或烤(kao)至脆(cui)口并(bing)加(jia)以調(diao)味即可(ke),薯(shu)片(pian)(pian)已成為很多(duo)國家零(ling)食市場重要一(yi)部份。
每(mei)100克薯片所含(han)熱量(liang)547大卡。具體(ti)營養素含(han)量(liang)詳見下表:
熱量547大卡
碳水化合物49.74克
脂肪37.47克
蛋白(bai)質(zhi)6.56克
纖維素4.4克
首先將(jiang)作(zuo)為原料的馬鈴薯去皮(pi)清洗。
清洗(xi)(xi)后的(de)馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)被輸送到蒸汽去皮(pi)(pi)機(ji)或機(ji)械去皮(pi)(pi)機(ji)去皮(pi)(pi)。然(ran)后進入(ru)第二臺清洗(xi)(xi)機(ji),將(jiang)殘留粘貼在(zai)馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)表面的(de)薯(shu)(shu)皮(pi)(pi)清洗(xi)(xi)掉。清洗(xi)(xi)后的(de)馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu),被輸送到在(zai)檢測臺上,實現手工分揀和整理去皮(pi)(pi)后的(de)馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)。
帶式輸送機將去皮后的(de)馬鈴薯喂(wei)入到切片機。馬鈴薯被(bei)切成需要(yao)的(de)薄片。并用(yong)水(shui)清(qing)洗游離出(chu)的(de)淀(dian)粉(fen)。
清洗后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)薯(shu)片(pian)被送到漂燙機(ji)(ji)中(zhong)進(jin)行漂燙,從(cong)清洗和(he)漂燙出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)薯(shu)片(pian)攜帶有大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)附著水(shui)。采用帶強風的(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)動(dong)篩(shai),將(jiang)單個的(de)(de)(de)(de)薯(shu)片(pian)分離開(kai),并將(jiang)附著水(shui)吹干。然后(hou)輸(shu)(shu)送到油(you)(you)炸機(ji)(ji),將(jiang)薯(shu)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含水(shui)量從(cong)80%降低到2%,得到酥脆(cui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品。油(you)(you)炸脆(cui)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)品中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含油(you)(you)量在30%-40%之間(jian)。油(you)(you)炸后(hou)薯(shu)片(pian)被輸(shu)(shu)送到瀝油(you)(you)輸(shu)(shu)送帶,瀝干產(chan)品表面殘留(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)。油(you)(you)炸好的(de)(de)(de)(de)薯(shu)片(pian)被輸(shu)(shu)送到滾筒調(diao)味機(ji)(ji)對薯(shu)片(pian)進(jin)行調(diao)味,根(gen)據不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品添加不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)味料(liao)。然后(hou)將(jiang)調(diao)味好的(de)(de)(de)(de)薯(shu)片(pian)輸(shu)(shu)送到包(bao)裝車間(jian),將(jiang)產(chan)品包(bao)裝成(cheng)需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)和(he)形狀。
材料:土豆,鹽(或是辣椒(jiao)(jiao)粉(fen),胡椒(jiao)(jiao)粉(fen)等(deng)自己(ji)喜歡的調味品(pin))
烹(peng)調工具:微波爐
做法,將土豆(dou)去皮,切成很薄的片(pian)狀,上面涂(tu)上少許鹽或(huo)其他等(deng)調(diao)味料,有序的放(fang)入可以用(yong)于微波(bo)爐(lu)加(jia)熱(re)的盤子中。大火(huo)加(jia)熱(re)四分(fen)鐘(zhong)即(ji)可。(注(zhu)意(yi):各種微波(bo)爐(lu)的功(gong)率不同,注(zhu)意(yi)不要(yao)烤焦(jiao)糊,烤糊部分(fen)含(han)致癌(ai)物,不可食用(yong)。微波(bo)爐(lu)烤制的時(shi)候注(zhu)意(yi)觀(guan)察,略微焦(jiao)了(le)時(shi)立即(ji)關掉(diao)開關。掌握好時(shi)間,下(xia)次烤制的時(shi)候做相應(ying)調(diao)整。)
薯片含(han)(han)油(you)量通常在30%左右,屬(shu)高油(you)高鹽(yan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物。與(yu)其他油(you)炸(zha)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品一樣,長期(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)對健(jian)康不利。同(tong)時,富含(han)(han)淀(dian)粉的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品經高溫加工(gong)處(chu)理后可能(neng)產生含(han)(han)量不等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)丙(bing)烯酰胺,有人(ren)(ren)擔心(xin)這(zhe)(zhe)種物質(zhi)有致癌風(feng)險。農業(ye)大學營養專家范志紅(hong)認為:由于老(lao)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)新陳代(dai)謝比較緩慢(man),幼兒(er)的(de)(de)(de)身體(ti)尚處(chu)于發(fa)育之中,解毒(du)能(neng)力較差(cha),這(zhe)(zhe)兩種人(ren)(ren)長期(qi)吃含(han)(han)有丙(bing)烯酰胺的(de)(de)(de)油(you)炸(zha)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品,毒(du)素不易排出,對健(jian)康危(wei)害較大。患有高血(xue)脂、高血(xue)壓、心(xin)腦血(xue)管病以及糖(tang)尿病等(deng)慢(man)性病的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren),必須拒絕炸(zha)薯片等(deng)香脆食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品。
2012年網上流傳一組(zu)實(shi)驗(yan)圖片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)稱(cheng),從5片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中可以提(ti)取(qu)(qu)10毫(hao)升油(you)。之后(hou)實(shi)驗(yan)者及其他(ta)營養(yang)專家澄清此數據不實(shi)。據實(shi)驗(yan)者描述(shu)(shu),實(shi)驗(yan)采用7克薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(根(gen)據單片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)質(zhi)量計算(suan)約合5片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)),油(you)脂的理(li)論提(ti)取(qu)(qu)量為(wei)2.5克左(zuo)右,實(shi)際提(ti)取(qu)(qu)量與(yu)理(li)論值(zhi)接近,而沒有網傳所(suo)述(shu)(shu)“10毫(hao)升”之多。之后(hou)也有人以不同類(lei)型(xing)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)和薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)條(tiao)(tiao)(切(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)型(xing)油(you)炸薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)粉塑形型(xing)油(you)炸薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)、非(fei)油(you)炸薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)、油(you)炸膨化空(kong)心薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)條(tiao)(tiao)和連鎖(suo)快餐(can)店(dian)油(you)炸薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)條(tiao)(tiao))重復實(shi)驗(yan),發現兩(liang)種油(you)炸薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)含油(you)量在30%左(zuo)右,非(fei)油(you)炸薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在25%左(zuo)右。這與(yu)理(li)論值(zhi)接近。
淀粉(fen)類食品在高(gao)溫(>120℃)烹調下容易產生丙(bing)烯酰胺(an),這是(shi)一種可(ke)能(neng)致(zhi)癌物。但(dan)其(qi)導致(zhi)人體致(zhi)癌的(de)機理尚不(bu)明確(que),有待進一步研究。而且并沒有發現任何(he)一項(xiang)研究可(ke)以(yi)證明:人在正常食用食物的(de)情況下,攝入的(de)丙(bing)烯酰胺(an)能(neng)夠造成(cheng)癌癥。目前(qian)世界衛(wei)生組織(zhi)尚未制定丙(bing)烯酰胺(an)的(de)限量標準(zhun)。。
衛生部(bu)2005年的公(gong)告(gao)中建(jian)議:1、盡可能(neng)避免連續長時間或高(gao)(gao)溫烹飪淀粉類食品。2、提倡合理營(ying)養,平衡膳食,改變油炸(zha)和高(gao)(gao)脂肪食品為主(zhu)的飲食習(xi)慣,減少因丙烯酰(xian)胺可能(neng)導致的健(jian)康(kang)危(wei)害。