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基本介紹

龍睛金魚(yu)指的(de)(de)是脊椎動物門(men)的(de)(de)一(yi)種魚(yu)類，其一(yi)般體(ti)(ti)長15～20厘(li)米(mi)。體(ti)(ti)側(ce)扁而高(gao)，體(ti)(ti)較厚，腹部圓(yuan)。一(yi)般體(ti)(ti)背面灰黑色(se)，腹面銀灰色(se)，各鰭條(tiao)灰白(bai)色(se)。因生(sheng)長水(shui)(shui)域不(bu)(bu)同，體(ti)(ti)色(se)深淺(qian)有差異。喜棲于水(shui)(shui)草叢生(sheng)的(de)(de)淺(qian)水(shui)(shui)河灣與湖泊沿岸(an)水(shui)(shui)域，生(sheng)命力(li)較強，甚(shen)至在低氧(yang)、堿性較大的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)良水(shui)(shui)體(ti)(ti)中也能生(sheng)長繁(fan)殖。

常見種類

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)金魚(yu)依體色可分(fen)為紅龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、墨龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、藍(lan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫(zi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅白花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、五花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、白龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、朱(zhu)砂眼(yan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫(zi)藍(lan)花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、喜鵲花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅頭(tou)花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)晴(qing)等(deng)品(pin)(pin)系(xi)。其變異(yi)的品(pin)(pin)種有紅龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)、墨龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)、紫(zi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)、藍(lan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)、五花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)、四球(qiu)(qiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅頭(tou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)以(yi)及各色的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)翻鰓(sai)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)翻鰓(sai)帽(mao)子等(deng)。

龍(long)(long)睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)。即雙眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)向兩側橫向凸出的金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)，屠隆在(zai)《金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)品》中(zhong)(zhong)記載了(le)明代已有此種(zhong)變(bian)異，而(er)(er)且當時人(ren)們(men)還以“眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)貴于(yu)(yu)紅凸”的魚(yu)(yu)(yu)品為尚。在(zai)以后有關金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)的著作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)們(men)將“眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)若銅(tong)鈴”的金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)視為佳種(zhong)，《金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)飼(si)育法(fa)(fa)》中(zhong)(zhong)將“身粗(cu)而(er)(er)勻，尾大(da)而(er)(er)正(zheng)，睛齊而(er)(er)稱，體(ti)正(zheng)而(er)(er)圓，口團(tuan)而(er)(er)闊。于(yu)(yu)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)起落游動穩重平(ping)正(zheng)，無俯仰奔竄之(zhi)狀”作(zuo)(zuo)為龍(long)(long)睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)鑒(jian)賞之(zhi)標(biao)準。又(you)說(shuo)“龍(long)(long)睛魚(yu)(yu)(yu)，此種(zhong)黑(hei)如(ru)墨，至(zhi)尺余不變(bian)色者(zhe)(zhe)為上，謂之(zhi)墨龍(long)(long)睛。又(you)有純(chun)白(bai)(bai)、純(chun)紅、純(chun)翠者(zhe)(zhe)，有大(da)片(pian)紅花者(zhe)(zhe)、細碎紅點者(zhe)(zhe)、虎(hu)皮(pi)者(zhe)(zhe)、紅白(bai)(bai)翠黑(hei)雜花者(zhe)(zhe)，變(bian)幻多(duo)種(zhong)，不能(neng)細述(shu)。文人(ren)每就其花色名之(zhi)。”根(gen)據古(gu)人(ren)的“看法(fa)(fa)”，各色龍(long)(long)睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)可謂琳瑯滿目(mu)，金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)文化藝術欣賞有紅龍(long)(long)、白(bai)(bai)龍(long)(long)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)、花龍(long)(long)、藍龍(long)(long)、紫(zi)(zi)龍(long)(long)，有朱砂眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、金(jin)(jin)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、銀眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、金(jin)(jin)銀眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、有水(shui)晶眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、瑪瑙眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、琥珀(po)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、燈籠眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，有墨眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、雪眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、紫(zi)(zi)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等等。

至晚(wan)清，人們(men)又將(jiang)龍(long)(long)睛金(jin)魚中(zhong)眼睛向上翻(fan)轉的(de)培育(yu)成(cheng)為(wei)朝天(tian)龍(long)(long)金(jin)魚，還(huan)將(jiang)背(bei)鰭退化(hua)的(de)培育(yu)成(cheng)為(wei)蛋種(zhong)龍(long)(long)睛金(jin)魚

形態及特征

龍(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)又(you)稱(cheng)龍(long)(long)種金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)或龍(long)(long)睛(jing)。是(shi)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)家(jia)(jia)族中(zhong)的(de)(de)代表(biao)種，也是(shi)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)家(jia)(jia)族中(zhong)的(de)(de)主要觀賞品種，被視為金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)種群之(zhi)正宗，譽為金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)總(zong)代表(biao)種。其主要特征是(shi)體軀短粗，頭平而(er)寬，尾鰭發達分為4葉，背鰭高聳，胸鰭略呈(cheng)三角形，鱗片圓而(er)且(qie)大(da)。眼(yan)球突(tu)出眼(yan)眶(kuang)之(zhi)外，甚似龍(long)(long)眼(yan)，故又(you)名龍(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)。

龍(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)金魚(yu)的(de)(de)變異品(pin)種(zhong)非常多，有的(de)(de)很珍(zhen)貴。比如(ru)通體鳥黑,有黑牡丹、混江龍(long)(long)(long)之稱的(de)(de)“墨龍(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)”。尾鰭變異為蝶(die)形(xing)、游(you)動如(ru)蝴蝶(die)飛(fei)舞(wu)的(de)(de)墨蝶(die)尾”。周身12處呈紅色的(de)(de)“十二紅龍(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)”。黑白斑紋(wen)酷似(si)喜鵲的(de)(de)喜鵲花(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)”和外形(xing)與熊貓相(xiang)似(si)的(de)(de)“熊貓金魚(yu)”等

生活習性

為廣適性魚類(lei)，無論在(zai)深水(shui)(shui)(shui)、淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)、清水(shui)(shui)(shui)、濁水(shui)(shui)(shui)、流水(shui)(shui)(shui)、靜水(shui)(shui)(shui) 大水(shui)(shui)(shui)體和小(xiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)體中均可生活。