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基本介紹

龍睛金魚(yu)指(zhi)的(de)(de)是脊(ji)椎(zhui)動物門的(de)(de)一(yi)種魚(yu)類，其(qi)一(yi)般體(ti)長15～20厘米。體(ti)側扁而高，體(ti)較(jiao)(jiao)厚，腹部圓。一(yi)般體(ti)背面(mian)灰(hui)黑色，腹面(mian)銀灰(hui)色，各鰭條(tiao)灰(hui)白色。因生(sheng)長水(shui)(shui)域不同，體(ti)色深淺有(you)差異(yi)。喜棲(qi)于水(shui)(shui)草叢生(sheng)的(de)(de)淺水(shui)(shui)河灣與(yu)湖泊沿岸水(shui)(shui)域，生(sheng)命力較(jiao)(jiao)強，甚至在(zai)低氧(yang)、堿性較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)不良(liang)水(shui)(shui)體(ti)中也能生(sheng)長繁殖。

常見種類

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)金魚依(yi)體(ti)色可分為紅(hong)(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、紫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)(hong)白花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、五(wu)花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、白龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、朱砂(sha)眼(yan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、紫藍花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、喜(xi)鵲(que)花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)(hong)頭花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)晴等品(pin)系。其變異的品(pin)種有(you)紅(hong)(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)、紫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)、五(wu)花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)、四球(qiu)(qiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)(hong)頭龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)以及各色的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)翻鰓、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)(qiu)翻鰓帽子等。

龍(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。即雙眼(yan)(yan)(yan)向兩側橫向凸出(chu)的金(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，屠隆在《金(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)品(pin)》中(zhong)記載了(le)明代已有(you)此種(zhong)變異(yi)，而且當時(shi)人們還以“眼(yan)(yan)(yan)貴于紅(hong)(hong)凸”的魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)品(pin)為(wei)(wei)尚。在以后有(you)關金(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的著作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，人們將(jiang)(jiang)“眼(yan)(yan)(yan)若(ruo)銅鈴”的金(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)視為(wei)(wei)佳種(zhong)，《金(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)飼育法》中(zhong)將(jiang)(jiang)“身粗(cu)而勻，尾(wei)大而正(zheng)，睛(jing)齊(qi)而稱，體(ti)正(zheng)而圓，口團而闊。于水中(zhong)起落游(you)動穩(wen)重平正(zheng)，無俯仰奔竄之(zhi)狀”作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑒賞(shang)之(zhi)標準。又(you)說“龍(long)(long)睛(jing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，此種(zhong)黑如墨，至(zhi)尺余(yu)不變色(se)者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)上(shang)，謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)墨龍(long)(long)睛(jing)。又(you)有(you)純白(bai)、純紅(hong)(hong)、純翠者(zhe)(zhe)，有(you)大片紅(hong)(hong)花者(zhe)(zhe)、細碎紅(hong)(hong)點者(zhe)(zhe)、虎皮者(zhe)(zhe)、紅(hong)(hong)白(bai)翠黑雜花者(zhe)(zhe)，變幻(huan)多種(zhong)，不能細述。文人每就其花色(se)名之(zhi)。”根據古人的“看法”，各色(se)龍(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可(ke)謂(wei)(wei)琳瑯滿目，金(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文化藝術(shu)欣(xin)賞(shang)有(you)紅(hong)(hong)龍(long)(long)、白(bai)龍(long)(long)、黑龍(long)(long)、花龍(long)(long)、藍龍(long)(long)、紫龍(long)(long)，有(you)朱砂眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、金(jin)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、銀(yin)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、金(jin)銀(yin)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、有(you)水晶眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、瑪(ma)瑙眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、琥珀眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、燈籠眼(yan)(yan)(yan)，有(you)墨眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、雪眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、紫眼(yan)(yan)(yan)等等。

至晚清(qing)，人們(men)又將龍睛(jing)金魚(yu)中眼睛(jing)向上翻轉的培育(yu)成為(wei)朝天龍金魚(yu)，還將背鰭(qi)退(tui)化的培育(yu)成為(wei)蛋種龍睛(jing)金魚(yu)

形態及特征

龍(long)睛金魚(yu)(yu)又稱龍(long)種(zhong)金魚(yu)(yu)或(huo)龍(long)睛。是金魚(yu)(yu)家族中的代(dai)表種(zhong)，也(ye)是金魚(yu)(yu)家族中的主要觀賞(shang)品種(zhong)，被視為(wei)金魚(yu)(yu)種(zhong)群之正宗，譽為(wei)金魚(yu)(yu)的總(zong)代(dai)表種(zhong)。其主要特征是體軀短粗，頭平而(er)寬，尾(wei)鰭(qi)發達分為(wei)4葉，背鰭(qi)高聳，胸鰭(qi)略(lve)呈三角形，鱗片圓而(er)且(qie)大(da)。眼(yan)球突出眼(yan)眶之外(wai)，甚似龍(long)眼(yan)，故又名龍(long)睛金魚(yu)(yu)。

龍睛(jing)金魚(yu)的(de)變(bian)異(yi)(yi)品種非常多(duo)，有(you)(you)的(de)很珍貴。比如(ru)通體鳥黑(hei)(hei),有(you)(you)黑(hei)(hei)牡丹、混江龍之稱的(de)“墨(mo)龍睛(jing)”。尾(wei)鰭變(bian)異(yi)(yi)為(wei)蝶形、游動如(ru)蝴蝶飛舞(wu)的(de)墨(mo)蝶尾(wei)”。周身12處(chu)呈(cheng)紅(hong)色的(de)“十二(er)紅(hong)龍睛(jing)”。黑(hei)(hei)白斑紋酷似喜(xi)鵲的(de)喜(xi)鵲花龍睛(jing)”和外形與熊貓相似的(de)“熊貓金魚(yu)”等

生活習性

為(wei)廣適性(xing)魚類，無論在深水(shui)、淺(qian)水(shui)、清水(shui)、濁水(shui)、流水(shui)、靜水(shui) 大水(shui)體和小水(shui)體中均(jun)可生活。