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基本介紹

龍睛(jing)金魚(yu)(yu)指的(de)是脊(ji)椎動物(wu)門的(de)一(yi)種魚(yu)(yu)類，其一(yi)般體(ti)(ti)長15～20厘米。體(ti)(ti)側扁而高，體(ti)(ti)較厚，腹部圓(yuan)。一(yi)般體(ti)(ti)背面灰黑色，腹面銀灰色，各鰭條灰白色。因(yin)生(sheng)長水域不同，體(ti)(ti)色深淺有差異。喜棲于水草叢生(sheng)的(de)淺水河灣與湖泊沿岸水域，生(sheng)命力較強，甚至在低氧、堿性(xing)較大(da)的(de)不良(liang)水體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)也能生(sheng)長繁殖。

常見種類

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼金魚依體色(se)可分為紅(hong)(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)、藍(lan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫(zi)(zi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)(hong)白花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)、五(wu)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)、白龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)、朱砂眼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫(zi)(zi)藍(lan)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)、喜鵲花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)(hong)頭(tou)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)晴等(deng)品系(xi)。其變異的品種有紅(hong)(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、紫(zi)(zi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、藍(lan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、五(wu)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、四球(qiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)(hong)頭(tou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)以及各色(se)的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)翻鰓、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)翻鰓帽子等(deng)。

龍(long)(long)睛金魚(yu)(yu)。即雙(shuang)眼(yan)(yan)向兩側橫向凸(tu)出(chu)的(de)金魚(yu)(yu)，屠隆在(zai)《金魚(yu)(yu)品(pin)》中記載了明(ming)代已有(you)(you)此種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)變異，而且當時人(ren)們還以(yi)(yi)“眼(yan)(yan)貴(gui)于(yu)紅(hong)(hong)凸(tu)”的(de)魚(yu)(yu)品(pin)為(wei)尚。在(zai)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)有(you)(you)關(guan)金魚(yu)(yu)的(de)著作中，人(ren)們將“眼(yan)(yan)若銅鈴”的(de)金魚(yu)(yu)視為(wei)佳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，《金魚(yu)(yu)飼育(yu)法》中將“身(shen)粗而勻，尾大(da)而正，睛齊而稱(cheng)，體正而圓，口團而闊。于(yu)水(shui)中起落游動穩重平正，無俯仰奔竄之(zhi)(zhi)狀”作為(wei)龍(long)(long)睛金魚(yu)(yu)鑒賞(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)標準。又(you)說“龍(long)(long)睛魚(yu)(yu)，此種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)如墨(mo)，至尺余(yu)不變色(se)者(zhe)為(wei)上，謂之(zhi)(zhi)墨(mo)龍(long)(long)睛。又(you)有(you)(you)純白(bai)、純紅(hong)(hong)、純翠者(zhe)，有(you)(you)大(da)片紅(hong)(hong)花者(zhe)、細碎紅(hong)(hong)點者(zhe)、虎皮者(zhe)、紅(hong)(hong)白(bai)翠黑(hei)雜花者(zhe)，變幻多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不能細述。文人(ren)每就其花色(se)名之(zhi)(zhi)。”根據古人(ren)的(de)“看法”，各色(se)龍(long)(long)睛金魚(yu)(yu)可謂琳瑯滿目，金魚(yu)(yu)文化藝術欣(xin)賞(shang)有(you)(you)紅(hong)(hong)龍(long)(long)、白(bai)龍(long)(long)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)、花龍(long)(long)、藍龍(long)(long)、紫(zi)龍(long)(long)，有(you)(you)朱(zhu)砂眼(yan)(yan)、金眼(yan)(yan)、銀眼(yan)(yan)、金銀眼(yan)(yan)、有(you)(you)水(shui)晶眼(yan)(yan)、瑪瑙眼(yan)(yan)、琥(hu)珀眼(yan)(yan)、燈籠眼(yan)(yan)，有(you)(you)墨(mo)眼(yan)(yan)、雪眼(yan)(yan)、紫(zi)眼(yan)(yan)等等。

至晚清，人們又將龍睛(jing)(jing)金(jin)魚(yu)中(zhong)眼睛(jing)(jing)向(xiang)上翻轉(zhuan)的培育成(cheng)為(wei)朝天龍金(jin)魚(yu)，還將背鰭退(tui)化的培育成(cheng)為(wei)蛋種龍睛(jing)(jing)金(jin)魚(yu)

形態及特征

龍睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)又(you)稱龍種(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)或龍睛(jing)。是金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)家族中的代(dai)表(biao)種(zhong)(zhong)，也是金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)家族中的主要(yao)觀(guan)賞品種(zhong)(zhong)，被視為(wei)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)群之(zhi)正宗，譽為(wei)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)的總代(dai)表(biao)種(zhong)(zhong)。其主要(yao)特征是體軀短粗，頭平而(er)寬，尾(wei)鰭(qi)發(fa)達分為(wei)4葉，背鰭(qi)高聳(song)，胸(xiong)鰭(qi)略呈三角形(xing)，鱗片圓(yuan)而(er)且大。眼球突出眼眶之(zhi)外，甚似龍眼，故又(you)名(ming)龍睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)。

龍(long)睛金魚(yu)的(de)變(bian)異(yi)品種非常多，有的(de)很珍貴。比如通體(ti)鳥黑,有黑牡丹(dan)、混江龍(long)之稱(cheng)的(de)“墨(mo)(mo)龍(long)睛”。尾(wei)鰭變(bian)異(yi)為蝶(die)形(xing)、游動如蝴(hu)蝶(die)飛舞的(de)墨(mo)(mo)蝶(die)尾(wei)”。周身(shen)12處呈紅(hong)(hong)色的(de)“十二紅(hong)(hong)龍(long)睛”。黑白斑紋酷似喜鵲的(de)喜鵲花龍(long)睛”和(he)外(wai)形(xing)與熊貓相似的(de)“熊貓金魚(yu)”等

生活習性

為廣適性(xing)魚類，無論在深水(shui)、淺水(shui)、清水(shui)、濁水(shui)、流水(shui)、靜(jing)水(shui) 大水(shui)體和小水(shui)體中均可生活。