龍睛金魚指的是(shi)脊椎動(dong)物門的一種魚類,其一般(ban)體長(chang)(chang)15~20厘米(mi)。體側扁(bian)而高,體較厚(hou),腹部圓。一般(ban)體背面(mian)灰黑色,腹面(mian)銀灰色,各鰭條灰白色。因生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)水域不同(tong),體色深淺有差異。喜棲于水草叢(cong)生(sheng)(sheng)的淺水河(he)灣與湖泊沿岸水域,生(sheng)(sheng)命力(li)較強,甚(shen)至在低(di)氧、堿性較大的不良水體中也能生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)繁殖。
龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)眼金魚依體色(se)可分為紅(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)白花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、五花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、白龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、朱砂眼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫藍花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、喜鵲花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)頭花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)晴等品(pin)系。其變異的(de)品(pin)種有紅(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、紫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、五花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、四球(qiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)頭龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)以(yi)及各色(se)的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)翻(fan)鰓、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)翻(fan)鰓帽子(zi)等。
龍睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。即雙(shuang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)向兩側橫向凸出的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),屠隆(long)在(zai)《金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)品(pin)》中記載了明(ming)代已有此種變異,而且當時人(ren)們還以(yi)“眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)貴于紅凸”的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)品(pin)為(wei)(wei)尚(shang)。在(zai)以(yi)后有關(guan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)著作中,人(ren)們將“眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)若銅鈴”的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)視為(wei)(wei)佳種,《金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)飼育法(fa)》中將“身粗而勻(yun),尾大而正,睛(jing)齊而稱(cheng),體(ti)正而圓(yuan),口團而闊。于水(shui)中起落游動穩(wen)重平正,無俯仰奔竄之狀(zhuang)”作為(wei)(wei)龍睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑒賞之標(biao)準(zhun)。又(you)(you)說“龍睛(jing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),此種黑如墨,至(zhi)尺余不變色者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)上,謂(wei)之墨龍睛(jing)。又(you)(you)有純白(bai)(bai)、純紅、純翠(cui)者(zhe)(zhe),有大片(pian)紅花者(zhe)(zhe)、細(xi)(xi)碎紅點者(zhe)(zhe)、虎皮者(zhe)(zhe)、紅白(bai)(bai)翠(cui)黑雜(za)花者(zhe)(zhe),變幻多種,不能細(xi)(xi)述。文(wen)人(ren)每就其(qi)花色名之。”根(gen)據(ju)古人(ren)的(de)“看法(fa)”,各色龍睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可謂(wei)琳瑯(lang)滿目,金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)化(hua)藝(yi)術欣賞有紅龍、白(bai)(bai)龍、黑龍、花龍、藍龍、紫(zi)龍,有朱砂眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、銀(yin)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)銀(yin)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、有水(shui)晶眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、瑪瑙(nao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、琥珀(po)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、燈籠(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),有墨眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、雪(xue)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、紫(zi)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)等(deng)。
至(zhi)晚清,人(ren)們(men)又將(jiang)龍(long)睛(jing)金魚中眼(yan)睛(jing)向上翻(fan)轉的(de)培育成(cheng)為朝天(tian)龍(long)金魚,還將(jiang)背鰭退化(hua)的(de)培育成(cheng)為蛋種龍(long)睛(jing)金魚
龍(long)睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)又(you)(you)稱(cheng)龍(long)種(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)或龍(long)睛。是(shi)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)家(jia)族中(zhong)的(de)代表(biao)種(zhong)(zhong),也是(shi)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)家(jia)族中(zhong)的(de)主要(yao)觀(guan)賞品種(zhong)(zhong),被視(shi)為(wei)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)群之正宗(zong),譽(yu)為(wei)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)的(de)總代表(biao)種(zhong)(zhong)。其主要(yao)特征(zheng)是(shi)體(ti)軀短粗,頭平而寬(kuan),尾鰭(qi)發達分(fen)為(wei)4葉,背鰭(qi)高(gao)聳,胸鰭(qi)略呈三角形,鱗(lin)片(pian)圓而且大。眼球突出眼眶(kuang)之外,甚似(si)龍(long)眼,故又(you)(you)名龍(long)睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)。
龍(long)睛(jing)金魚的(de)(de)變異(yi)品種非常多,有的(de)(de)很珍貴。比如通體鳥黑,有黑牡丹、混江龍(long)之稱的(de)(de)“墨龍(long)睛(jing)”。尾鰭變異(yi)為(wei)蝶(die)形、游(you)動如蝴蝶(die)飛舞(wu)的(de)(de)墨蝶(die)尾”。周身12處呈紅色的(de)(de)“十二紅龍(long)睛(jing)”。黑白斑紋酷似(si)喜(xi)鵲(que)的(de)(de)喜(xi)鵲(que)花龍(long)睛(jing)”和(he)外形與熊貓相似(si)的(de)(de)“熊貓金魚”等
為廣適性(xing)魚類,無(wu)論在深水(shui)(shui)、淺水(shui)(shui)、清(qing)水(shui)(shui)、濁水(shui)(shui)、流水(shui)(shui)、靜水(shui)(shui) 大水(shui)(shui)體和小水(shui)(shui)體中均可生(sheng)活。