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基本介紹

龍睛金魚指的(de)是脊椎動物門的(de)一種魚類，其一般(ban)體(ti)(ti)(ti)長15～20厘(li)米。體(ti)(ti)(ti)側扁(bian)而高(gao)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)較厚，腹部圓。一般(ban)體(ti)(ti)(ti)背面灰黑(hei)色，腹面銀(yin)灰色，各鰭條灰白(bai)色。因(yin)生(sheng)長水域不(bu)同，體(ti)(ti)(ti)色深淺有差異。喜棲于水草(cao)叢生(sheng)的(de)淺水河灣與湖泊沿岸水域，生(sheng)命力較強，甚(shen)至(zhi)在低氧、堿性較大的(de)不(bu)良(liang)水體(ti)(ti)(ti)中也能生(sheng)長繁殖。

常見種類

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)金魚(yu)依(yi)體色(se)可(ke)分為(wei)紅(hong)(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、藍(lan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)(hong)白花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、五花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、白龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、朱砂眼(yan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫藍(lan)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、喜鵲花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)(hong)頭(tou)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)晴(qing)等品(pin)系。其變異的品(pin)種有紅(hong)(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、紫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、藍(lan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、五花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、四球(qiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)(hong)頭(tou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)以及各色(se)的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)翻鰓、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)翻鰓帽子等。

龍(long)(long)(long)睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)。即(ji)雙眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)向兩(liang)側橫向凸出(chu)的(de)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)，屠隆在(zai)《金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)品(pin)》中(zhong)(zhong)記載了明(ming)代已(yi)有(you)(you)此種變異，而(er)且當時人(ren)們還(huan)以“眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)貴于(yu)紅(hong)凸”的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)品(pin)為(wei)尚(shang)。在(zai)以后(hou)有(you)(you)關金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)著作中(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)們將(jiang)“眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)若銅(tong)鈴”的(de)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)視為(wei)佳種，《金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)飼育(yu)法》中(zhong)(zhong)將(jiang)“身粗而(er)勻(yun)，尾大而(er)正，睛齊而(er)稱，體正而(er)圓，口團而(er)闊。于(yu)水中(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)落游動穩重(zhong)平正，無(wu)俯(fu)仰奔竄之(zhi)狀”作為(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)鑒賞之(zhi)標準(zhun)。又說(shuo)“龍(long)(long)(long)睛魚(yu)(yu)(yu)，此種黑如墨(mo)，至尺余不變色(se)(se)者(zhe)為(wei)上，謂之(zhi)墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)睛。又有(you)(you)純白(bai)、純紅(hong)、純翠者(zhe)，有(you)(you)大片紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)者(zhe)、細(xi)碎紅(hong)點者(zhe)、虎皮者(zhe)、紅(hong)白(bai)翠黑雜花(hua)(hua)者(zhe)，變幻多(duo)種，不能細(xi)述(shu)。文(wen)人(ren)每(mei)就(jiu)其花(hua)(hua)色(se)(se)名之(zhi)。”根據(ju)古人(ren)的(de)“看法”，各色(se)(se)龍(long)(long)(long)睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)可謂琳瑯滿(man)目，金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)化藝術欣賞有(you)(you)紅(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)、白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)、黑龍(long)(long)(long)、花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)、紫(zi)龍(long)(long)(long)，有(you)(you)朱(zhu)砂眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、金(jin)(jin)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、銀眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、金(jin)(jin)銀眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、有(you)(you)水晶眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、瑪瑙眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、琥珀(po)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、燈(deng)籠眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，有(you)(you)墨(mo)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、雪(xue)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、紫(zi)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等等。

至晚(wan)清，人們又將(jiang)龍睛金魚中眼睛向上翻(fan)轉(zhuan)的培育成(cheng)為(wei)朝天龍金魚，還將(jiang)背鰭(qi)退化的培育成(cheng)為(wei)蛋種龍睛金魚

形態及特征

龍(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)又稱(cheng)龍(long)(long)種金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)或(huo)龍(long)(long)睛(jing)。是金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)家(jia)族(zu)中(zhong)的(de)代表種，也是金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)家(jia)族(zu)中(zhong)的(de)主要觀(guan)賞品(pin)種，被視為金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)種群之(zhi)正宗，譽為金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)的(de)總代表種。其主要特(te)征(zheng)是體軀短(duan)粗，頭平(ping)而寬(kuan)，尾鰭發達分(fen)為4葉，背鰭高聳，胸鰭略呈三角形(xing)，鱗片(pian)圓(yuan)而且大。眼(yan)球突出(chu)眼(yan)眶之(zhi)外，甚似龍(long)(long)眼(yan)，故又名龍(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)。

龍(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)金魚(yu)的(de)變異品種非常多(duo)，有的(de)很珍貴。比(bi)如通(tong)體(ti)鳥(niao)黑,有黑牡丹(dan)、混江龍(long)之稱的(de)“墨(mo)龍(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)”。尾(wei)鰭(qi)變異為蝶(die)形、游動如蝴(hu)蝶(die)飛舞的(de)墨(mo)蝶(die)尾(wei)”。周身12處呈紅(hong)色(se)的(de)“十二紅(hong)龍(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)”。黑白斑(ban)紋(wen)酷似(si)喜(xi)鵲(que)的(de)喜(xi)鵲(que)花龍(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)”和外形與熊貓相似(si)的(de)“熊貓金魚(yu)”等

生活習性

為廣適(shi)性魚類(lei)，無(wu)論在深水(shui)(shui)、淺水(shui)(shui)、清水(shui)(shui)、濁水(shui)(shui)、流水(shui)(shui)、靜水(shui)(shui) 大水(shui)(shui)體(ti)和(he)小(xiao)水(shui)(shui)體(ti)中(zhong)均可生活。