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基本介紹

龍睛(jing)金魚指的(de)(de)是脊椎動物(wu)門(men)的(de)(de)一(yi)種魚類，其一(yi)般(ban)體(ti)(ti)長15～20厘米。體(ti)(ti)側扁(bian)而高，體(ti)(ti)較(jiao)(jiao)厚，腹(fu)部圓。一(yi)般(ban)體(ti)(ti)背面灰黑色(se)，腹(fu)面銀(yin)灰色(se)，各鰭條灰白色(se)。因生(sheng)長水域不同，體(ti)(ti)色(se)深淺(qian)有差(cha)異。喜棲于(yu)水草叢生(sheng)的(de)(de)淺(qian)水河灣與(yu)湖泊沿岸水域，生(sheng)命力較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)，甚至在低氧、堿性較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)不良水體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)也能生(sheng)長繁(fan)殖。

常見種類

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼金魚依體色可分(fen)為紅(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、墨龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、藍(lan)(lan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)白(bai)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、五(wu)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、朱砂(sha)眼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫藍(lan)(lan)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、喜鵲花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)頭(tou)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)晴等品系。其變異的品種有紅(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、墨龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、紫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、藍(lan)(lan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、五(wu)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、四球(qiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)頭(tou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)以及各(ge)色的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)翻鰓、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)翻鰓帽子等。

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)。即雙(shuang)眼(yan)向(xiang)兩(liang)側橫向(xiang)凸出(chu)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)，屠隆(long)在(zai)《金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)品(pin)》中(zhong)(zhong)記載了明代已有(you)(you)(you)此種變(bian)異，而且當時(shi)人(ren)(ren)們還以(yi)(yi)“眼(yan)貴于(yu)(yu)紅(hong)凸”的(de)魚(yu)品(pin)為尚。在(zai)以(yi)(yi)后有(you)(you)(you)關金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)的(de)著作中(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)(ren)們將“眼(yan)若銅(tong)鈴”的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)視為佳種，《金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)飼育法(fa)(fa)》中(zhong)(zhong)將“身粗而勻，尾大(da)(da)而正，睛(jing)齊而稱，體正而圓，口團而闊。于(yu)(yu)水中(zhong)(zhong)起落游動穩重平正，無俯仰奔竄之狀”作為龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)鑒賞(shang)之標準。又說“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)魚(yu)，此種黑(hei)如墨，至尺余不變(bian)色(se)者(zhe)為上，謂之墨龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)。又有(you)(you)(you)純白(bai)(bai)、純紅(hong)、純翠(cui)者(zhe)，有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)片紅(hong)花(hua)者(zhe)、細(xi)碎(sui)紅(hong)點者(zhe)、虎皮者(zhe)、紅(hong)白(bai)(bai)翠(cui)黑(hei)雜花(hua)者(zhe)，變(bian)幻多種，不能(neng)細(xi)述(shu)。文人(ren)(ren)每就其花(hua)色(se)名之。”根據古人(ren)(ren)的(de)“看(kan)法(fa)(fa)”，各色(se)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)可謂琳瑯(lang)滿目，金(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)文化藝(yi)術(shu)欣(xin)賞(shang)有(you)(you)(you)紅(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、白(bai)(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、花(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、紫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，有(you)(you)(you)朱砂眼(yan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)眼(yan)、銀(yin)眼(yan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)銀(yin)眼(yan)、有(you)(you)(you)水晶眼(yan)、瑪瑙眼(yan)、琥(hu)珀(po)眼(yan)、燈(deng)籠眼(yan)，有(you)(you)(you)墨眼(yan)、雪眼(yan)、紫眼(yan)等(deng)等(deng)。

至晚清，人們又(you)將(jiang)龍(long)睛(jing)金魚中眼睛(jing)向上翻轉的(de)(de)培育(yu)成為(wei)朝天龍(long)金魚，還將(jiang)背鰭退化的(de)(de)培育(yu)成為(wei)蛋種龍(long)睛(jing)金魚

形態及特征

龍睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)又稱(cheng)龍種金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)或龍睛。是(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)家族中(zhong)的代表(biao)(biao)種，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)家族中(zhong)的主(zhu)要(yao)觀(guan)賞品種，被視為(wei)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)種群之(zhi)正宗，譽為(wei)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)的總代表(biao)(biao)種。其主(zhu)要(yao)特征是(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)軀短粗，頭平而寬，尾鰭(qi)發達(da)分為(wei)4葉，背鰭(qi)高聳，胸(xiong)鰭(qi)略呈三角形，鱗片圓而且大。眼球突出(chu)眼眶之(zhi)外，甚似(si)龍眼，故又名龍睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)。

龍(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)魚(yu)的變異品種(zhong)非(fei)常多，有的很珍貴。比如通體鳥黑,有黑牡丹、混(hun)江龍(long)(long)之稱的“墨(mo)龍(long)(long)睛(jing)”。尾鰭變異為蝶(die)形(xing)、游動如蝴蝶(die)飛舞的墨(mo)蝶(die)尾”。周(zhou)身12處(chu)呈(cheng)紅(hong)色的“十二紅(hong)龍(long)(long)睛(jing)”。黑白斑紋酷似(si)喜(xi)鵲(que)(que)的喜(xi)鵲(que)(que)花龍(long)(long)睛(jing)”和外(wai)形(xing)與熊貓相似(si)的“熊貓金(jin)魚(yu)”等

生活習性

為廣適性魚類(lei)，無(wu)論在深(shen)水(shui)、淺水(shui)、清(qing)水(shui)、濁(zhuo)水(shui)、流(liu)水(shui)、靜(jing)水(shui) 大(da)水(shui)體(ti)和小水(shui)體(ti)中均可生(sheng)活。