芒果视频下载

基本介紹

松(song)(song)材線(xian)蟲（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus），該線(xian)蟲屬線(xian)蟲動物門、線(xian)蟲綱、滑(hua)刃(ren)(ren)目、滑(hua)刃(ren)(ren)科、傘滑(hua)刃(ren)(ren)屬。雌蟲體(ti)長0.81mm，雄體(ti)長0.73mm，雌蟲尾(wei)部近圓(yuan)(yuan)錐形，末端圓(yuan)(yuan)；雄蟲尾(wei)部似(si)鳥爪(zhua)，向腹面(mian)彎曲。松(song)(song)材線(xian)蟲病又稱松(song)(song)枯萎病，是一種毀滅性蟲害。它是通(tong)過松(song)(song)墨天牛(niu)（Monochamus alternatus）等媒介昆(kun)蟲傳播(bo)于(yu)松(song)(song)樹體(ti)內(nei)，從而(er)引發松(song)(song)樹病害。被松(song)(song)材線(xian)蟲感(gan)染后的松(song)(song)樹，針葉黃(huang)褐色或紅褐色，萎蔫下垂，樹脂分泌停止，樹干(gan)可觀察到天牛(niu)侵(qin)入孔或產(chan)卵痕(hen)跡，病樹整株(zhu)干(gan)枯死(si)亡，最(zui)終腐(fu)爛。

松(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)屬于線(xian)形動物門，滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)目、滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)總科(ke)、滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)科(ke)、傘(san)滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)屬。是我國危害較大的(de)(de)外(wai)來入(ru)侵(qin)物種(zhong)之一（但未被列(lie)入(ru)我國首批(pi)外(wai)來入(ru)侵(qin)物種(zhong)名(ming)單）。成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)細(xi)長(chang)，雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)0.81mm，雄(xiong)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)0.73mm，雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)尾部(bu)近(jin)(jin)圓錐形，末端圓。雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)尾部(bu)似(si)鳥爪，向腹面(mian)彎曲。1982年在南京中山陵首次發現，以后(hou)相(xiang)繼在江蘇、安(an)徽、廣東(dong)和(he)浙江等地成(cheng)災(zai)，幾乎毀滅了(le)在香港廣泛分布的(de)(de)馬尾松(song)林(lin)。近(jin)(jin)距離(li)傳播(bo)主要靠媒介天(tian)牛，如松(song)墨天(tian)牛（Monochamus alternatus），攜(xie)帶傳播(bo)；遠距離(li)主要靠人為調運帶疫（帶松(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)天(tian)牛）的(de)(de)苗木(mu)(mu)、松(song)材、松(song)木(mu)(mu)包裝箱及松(song)木(mu)(mu)制品等進行傳播(bo)。被松(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)感(gan)染后(hou)的(de)(de)松(song)樹(shu)，針(zhen)葉(xie)黃(huang)褐(he)(he)色或紅褐(he)(he)色、萎(wei)蔫下(xia)垂，樹(shu)脂(zhi)分泌停止，在樹(shu)干上可觀察(cha)到(dao)天(tian)牛侵(qin)入(ru)孔或產(chan)卵(luan)痕跡(ji)，病樹(shu)整(zheng)株干枯死(si)亡(wang)，木(mu)(mu)材藍變(bian)。嚴重威(wei)(wei)脅用材林(lin)。由于擴展迅(xun)速，現已對(dui)黃(huang)山、張家(jia)界等風(feng)景名(ming)勝區的(de)(de)天(tian)然針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)構成(cheng)了(le)巨大威(wei)(wei)脅。

常見種類

松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus），該線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)屬(shu)(shu)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)動(dong)物門、線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)綱、滑刃(ren)目、滑刃(ren)科(ke)、傘(san)滑刃(ren)屬(shu)(shu)。目前傘(san)滑刃(ren)屬(shu)(shu)約有50多(duo)(duo)個(ge)種。傘(san)滑刃(ren)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)多(duo)(duo)寄生在昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體內，和松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)死(si)亡(wang)有關的(de)種主要是(shi)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和擬(ni)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（Bursaphelenchus mucronatus）。松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)侵染松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)使松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)枯死(si)，而(er)擬(ni)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)也在很多(duo)(duo)地方(fang)枯死(si)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)木材(cai)(cai)(cai)中發現，但擬(ni)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)是(shi)否能引起松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)死(si)亡(wang)，現在尚無定論。松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和擬(ni)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)形態特征非常相似(si)。其主要區別在于雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)尾部形態，松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)尾部鈍圓，而(er)擬(ni)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)尾端有個(ge)尖突。

生長與分布

生活史

松(song)材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的生(sheng)活史(shi)包括繁殖(zhi)型(xing)和擴(kuo)(kuo)散型(xing)兩個(ge)階段，在寄主植(zhi)(zhi)物體(ti)(ti)內，當環境條件不適宜時，由繁殖(zhi)型(xing)二齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)（J2）轉變(bian)為擴(kuo)(kuo)散型(xing)三齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)（JⅢ），并向(xiang)天牛(niu)蛹室周圍聚集，在天牛(niu)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)羽化(hua)(hua)前，松(song)材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)擴(kuo)(kuo)散型(xing)三齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)蛻皮變(bian)為擴(kuo)(kuo)散型(xing)四齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)（JⅣ），通過氣(qi)孔進(jin)入(ru)剛羽化(hua)(hua)的、體(ti)(ti)壁尚(shang)未完全骨化(hua)(hua)的天牛(niu)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)呼(hu)吸系(xi)統(tong)。隨后，天牛(niu)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)行補充營養取食或者產卵時，線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)從天牛(niu)氣(qi)管逸(yi)出，并從天牛(niu)取食或產卵造成(cheng)的傷口進(jin)入(ru)新的寄主植(zhi)(zhi)物體(ti)(ti)內。因此JⅣ型(xing)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)是松(song)材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)活史(shi)中(zhong)重(zhong)要的一個(ge)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)態，是種(zhong)群(qun)形成(cheng)和擴(kuo)(kuo)散的關鍵。天牛(niu)攜帶的松(song)材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)(yue)多(duo)，侵(qin)染健康松(song)樹的松(song)材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)病原就越(yue)(yue)多(duo)。

地理分布

原(yuan)產(chan)地：原(yuan)產(chan)北美洲(zhou)。

在(zai)(zai)日(ri)本、韓國、美國、加拿大、墨西哥、葡萄牙、中國等(deng)國均有發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，但危害程度(du)不(bu)一，其中以日(ri)本受害最重。此(ci)病1982年中國在(zai)(zai)南京市中山(shan)陵首次發(fa)現(xian)，在(zai)(zai)短(duan)(duan)短(duan)(duan)的(de)十(shi)幾(ji)年內，又相繼在(zai)(zai)江蘇、安徽、山(shan)東、浙江、廣東、湖北、湖南、臺灣、香港等(deng)省（區）等(deng)許多地區發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)并流行成災。

形態及特征

雌雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)都呈蠕蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)形(xing)(xing)，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)細(xi)長，雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)長0.81mm，雄(xiong)體(ti)(ti)長0.73mm。唇區高，縊(yi)縮(suo)顯著。口針細(xi)長，其基(ji)部(bu)微增(zeng)厚(hou)。中(zhong)食道球卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)，占體(ti)(ti)寬的2/3以上，瓣膜清晰。食道腺細(xi)長葉狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，覆蓋(gai)于腸背面。排泄孔(kong)(kong)的開口大致和食道與腸交(jiao)接(jie)處平行，半月體(ti)(ti)在(zai)排泄孔(kong)(kong)后約2/3體(ti)(ti)寬處。卵巢(chao)單個，前(qian)伸(shen)；陰(yin)門(men)開口于蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)后部(bu)73%處。上覆以寬的陰(yin)門(men)蓋(gai)。后陰(yin)子宮囊(nang)長，約為陰(yin)肛距的3/4。雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)尾(wei)亞圓(yuan)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)，末端(duan)寬圓(yuan)，少數有(you)微小(xiao)的尾(wei)尖(jian)突(tu)(tu)。雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)交(jiao)合(he)(he)刺大，弓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，成對，喙突(tu)(tu)顯著，交(jiao)合(he)(he)刺遠(yuan)端(duan)膨大如盤(pan)。雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)尾(wei)似(si)鳥爪，向腹(fu)面彎曲，尾(wei)端(duan)為小(xiao)的卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)交(jiao)合(he)(he)傘包裹(guo)，退火(huo)的交(jiao)合(he)(he)傘在(zai)光學顯微鏡下不易看見，交(jiao)合(he)(he)傘（為翼）是尾(wei)的角質膜的延伸(shen)，在(zai)問短呈鏟狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，由(you)于邊緣向內卷曲，從背面觀呈卵形(xing)(xing)，從側面觀呈尖(jian)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)。病材中(zhong)的幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)前(qian)部(bu)和成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)相似(si)，但其后部(bu)則(ze)因腸內積聚大量顆狀(zhuang)(zhuang)內含物，以至呈暗色并接(jie)結構模糊。幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)尾(wei)亞圓(yuan)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)。

病害防治

松材線蟲病

疾病簡介

松(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)病(bing)又稱松(song)枯(ku)萎病(bing)，是一種毀滅性蟲(chong)(chong)害。它(ta)是通過松(song)墨天(tian)牛等(deng)媒介昆蟲(chong)(chong)傳播(bo)于松(song)樹(shu)體內，從而(er)引(yin)發松(song)樹(shu)病(bing)害。被(bei)松(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)感染后的松(song)樹(shu)，針葉黃褐色或(huo)紅(hong)褐色，萎蔫下垂，樹(shu)脂(zhi)分泌停止，樹(shu)干(gan)可觀(guan)察(cha)到天(tian)牛侵入(ru)孔或(huo)產卵痕跡，病(bing)樹(shu)整株干(gan)枯(ku)死(si)亡，最終腐(fu)爛。

松(song)(song)(song)(song)材線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)病(bing)(bing)多(duo)發生在(zai)高溫干旱(han)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)氣候條件(jian)下。從(cong)罹(li)患(huan)病(bing)(bing)樹(shu)(shu)羽化(hua)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)幾乎(hu)100%攜帶(dai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)材線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，每(mei)只天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)都(dou)可(ke)(ke)攜帶(dai)成(cheng)千上(shang)(shang)萬條線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，最高可(ke)(ke)達25萬~30萬條。當天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)咬食樹(shu)(shu)木補充營養時(shi)(shi)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)就從(cong)天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)取(qu)食的(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)口(kou)進(jin)(jin)入樹(shu)(shu)脂，然(ran)后蛻皮成(cheng)為幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。被松(song)(song)(song)(song)材線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)侵(qin)染的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)往(wang)往(wang)又是(shi)(shi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)墨天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)產卵對象(xiang)。翌年，在(zai)罹(li)患(huan)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)林內(nei)寄生的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)墨天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)羽化(hua)時(shi)(shi)又會攜帶(dai)大(da)量線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，并“接種”傳播(bo)(bo)到健康的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)，導致病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)擴散(san)蔓延(yan)。該病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)近距離傳播(bo)(bo)主(zhu)要(yao)靠松(song)(song)(song)(song)黑天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)攜帶(dai)傳播(bo)(bo)，遠距離傳播(bo)(bo)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)人為調運帶(dai)疫（帶(dai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)材線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)）的(de)(de)(de)苗木、松(song)(song)(song)(song)材、松(song)(song)(song)(song)木包裝箱及松(song)(song)(song)(song)木制(zhi)品等進(jin)(jin)行遠程傳播(bo)(bo)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)材線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雌雄蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)交尾后產卵，每(mei)只雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)產卵約100粒(li)。蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)卵在(zai)25℃下經30小時(shi)(shi)孵化(hua)。幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)共4齡。在(zai)溫度30℃時(shi)(shi)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)3天(tian)就可(ke)(ke)以完(wan)成(cheng)一(yi)個世(shi)代。松(song)(song)(song)(song)材線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)生長繁(fan)殖的(de)(de)(de)最適宜溫度為20℃，低(di)于10℃時(shi)(shi)不能(neng)發育，28℃以上(shang)(shang)時(shi)(shi)繁(fan)殖會受到抑(yi)制(zhi)，在(zai)33℃以上(shang)(shang)則不能(neng)繁(fan)殖。線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)能(neng)在(zai)6個月內(nei)使(shi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)死(si)亡，是(shi)(shi)使(shi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)林大(da)片被毀的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。

松材線蟲(chong)病(bing)在美國(guo)、加拿大、墨西哥、日本(ben)、韓(han)國(guo)等(deng)(deng)國(guo)均有發生，20世(shi)紀80年代侵襲中國(guo)香港(gang)，幾(ji)乎毀滅(mie)了香港(gang)分布(bu)廣泛的馬尾(wei)松林。1982年在南京中山陵(ling)首(shou)次被(bei)發現，隨后(hou)相繼(ji)在安徽(hui)、山東、浙(zhe)(zhe)江、廣東等(deng)(deng)地形成(cheng)幾(ji)個疾病(bing)中心，并向四周擴散(san)，使這些省(sheng)的局部地區發生并流行(xing)成(cheng)災(zai)，導(dao)致大批松樹枯死。松材線蟲(chong)病(bing)給安徽(hui)、浙(zhe)(zhe)江兩省(sheng)帶(dai)來的經濟損失高(gao)達5億~7億元。由于松線蟲(chong)的毀滅(mie)性危害(hai)，該蟲(chong)已被(bei)為對(dui)內、對(dui)外(wai)的重要(yao)檢(jian)疫(yi)對(dui)象(xiang)。

傳播媒介

松材線蟲(chong)(chong)的媒介(jie)(jie)昆蟲(chong)(chong)有天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)科28個(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)、吉丁科1個(ge)(ge)(ge)屬(shu)、脛(jing)象(xiang)科1個(ge)(ge)(ge)屬(shu)的昆蟲(chong)(chong)。在(zai)我國(guo)松材線蟲(chong)(chong)分布區中，其傳播媒介(jie)(jie)均為松墨(mo)(mo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)（Monochamus alternatus）。松墨(mo)(mo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)，屬(shu)鞘(qiao)翅目天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)科溝脛(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)亞科墨(mo)(mo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)屬(shu)，幼蟲(chong)(chong)有5個(ge)(ge)(ge)齡期，以4、5齡老蟲(chong)(chong)在(zai)蛹(yong)室內越冬，是松樹的蛀干害蟲(chong)(chong)，蟲(chong)(chong)口密度較高時可(ke)導致松樹死亡。

傳播途徑

①借助(zhu)媒介(jie)天牛或線蟲本身的(de)移動的(de)自然傳(chuan)播途徑(jing);②借助(zhu)人(ren)(ren)為運輸并(bing)在媒介(jie)天牛的(de)攜(xie)帶(dai)下實現遠距離(li)蔓延的(de)人(ren)(ren)為傳(chuan)播途徑(jing)。

癥狀特點

松(song)(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)病首先表現為(wei)樹脂(zhi)分泌減少(shao)，蒸(zheng)騰作(zuo)用下降，接著部分針葉失去光澤(ze)成灰綠(lv)色，并逐(zhu)漸變黃，樹脂(zhi)停止分泌，最后整個樹冠針葉變成紅褐色，植株(zhu)死(si)(si)亡。無論是(shi)小樹還是(shi)大樹,大多數(shu)植株(zhu)在(zai)表現癥(zheng)狀后1一(yi)3個月迅(xun)速(su)枯死(si)(si),只有少(shao)數(shu)植株(zhu)至(zhi)次年(nian)(nian)春季或初夏枯死(si)(si)，越年(nian)(nian)死(si)(si)亡的松(song)(song)樹可在(zai)當年(nian)(nian)被診斷。有的植株(zhu)感(gan)病后，在(zai)l一(yi)2年(nian)(nian)內僅樹冠上(shang)少(shao)量枝條(tiao)枯死(si)(si)，隨時間(jian)推移逐(zhu)漸增多，直至(zhi)全株(zhu)。在(zai)濕地松(song)(song)、馬尾松(song)(song)、黑松(song)(song)等植株(zhu)上(shang)發生比(bi)較普遍(bian)。

檢疫與防治

檢疫檢驗方法

①直觀(guan)檢驗:此種方法(fa)主要在產(chan)地調查(cha)時使(shi)用。在調查(cha)時仔細觀(guan)察樹(shu)(shu)木發育(yu)是否正常，注(zhu)意(yi)察看(kan)有(you)無樹(shu)(shu)脂分泌(mi)減(jian)少、停(ting)止(zhi)，針葉(xie)變褐、萎(wei)蔫(nian)，枝干及整株枯死的現象，同時，觀(guan)察樹(shu)(shu)干上有(you)無天牛蛀食的痕跡、產(chan)卵孔(kong)、羽化孔(kong)等(deng)，如有(you)再行解剖檢查(cha)。

②解剖檢驗(yan):用工具將可疑感(gan)病(bing)的(de)樹木鋸斷劈開，看材質重量(liang)是否明顯減輕;木質部(bu)有(you)無(wu)藍變現(xian)象;樹干內(nei)有(you)無(wu)松褐天牛(niu)棲居的(de)痕(hen)跡。

③漏(lou)斗(dou)分離檢(jian)驗:從罹病木發病部位(wei)或天牛(niu)棲居處鉆取木材組織并粉碎(sui)，用雙層紗布(bu)包好，置(zhi)于下方帶有膠管和截流夾的玻璃漏(lou)斗(dou)上(shang)，加水浸(jin)泡12h，取下部浸(jin)泡液離心，取其沉淀液15ml，置(zhi)于解剖(pou)鏡下，對(dui)照松(song)材線蟲(chong)的形(xing)態特征進行檢(jian)查鑒定。

④打孔流汁法檢(jian)驗:松(song)樹的流汁是比較(jiao)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)的，就(jiu)說明(ming)這個(ge)是健康(kang)的，如果(guo)流汁不是很正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)的，拿到(dao)取樣到(dao)實驗室(shi)里面檢(jian)測，確(que)定是否有染松(song)材線蟲(chong)。

檢疫處理方式

木材(cai)(cai)及(ji)其產品(pin)(pin)在(zai)使用(yong)前(qian)或(huo)出境(jing)、進(jin)境(jing)前(qian)用(yong)60℃熱(re)處理或(huo)殺線蟲(chong)劑(ji)處理。檢疫中(zhong)發(fa)現有攜帶松(song)材(cai)(cai)線蟲(chong)的(de)松(song)木及(ji)包(bao)裝箱(xiang)等(deng)(deng)制品(pin)(pin)，應用(yong)帳(zhang)幕熏蒸(zheng)法進(jin)行(xing)(xing)處理，放在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)密(mi)封的(de)塑料紙中(zhong)，用(yong)每立方米木材(cai)(cai)方5～8磷化鋁藥丸或(huo)溴甲烷進(jin)行(xing)(xing)熏蒸(zheng)，里面留有一(yi)(yi)定的(de)循(xun)環空間，熏蒸(zheng)7d以上;或(huo)浸泡于水中(zhong)5個(ge)月以上;或(huo)把病樹粉碎后再進(jin)行(xing)(xing)加(jia)工，立即送工廠用(yong)作纖(xian)維板(ban)、刨花板(ban)或(huo)紙漿等(deng)(deng)工業原料以及(ji)作為燃料及(ji)時燒(shao)毀;對利用(yong)價值不大的(de)小徑木、枝丫(ya)等(deng)(deng)集(ji)中(zhong)燒(shao)毀，嚴防遺漏。

防治措施

（1）對松材線蟲病(bing)應(ying)加強(qiang)檢疫檢驗，嚴禁(jin)被害木外運

對種(zhong)苗(miao)等繁殖(zhi)材料和木材的調動和貿易進行(xing)管理(li)、控制和檢驗，防止危(wei)險(xian)性病(bing)(bing)蟲的傳播(bo)(bo)和蔓延。防止危(wei)險(xian)性病(bing)(bing)蟲由國外傳入(ru)或由國內輸出，將(jiang)局部地區發生的危(wei)險(xian)性病(bing)(bing)蟲封(feng)鎖(suo)在一定范圍內，防止它傳播(bo)(bo)到新區，并采取(qu)各種(zhong)積極措施逐步消滅(mie)。

（2）選育抗病樹(shu)種

選(xuan)育(yu)抗蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)品種(zhong)是(shi)預防線蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)一環。同(tong)一樹種(zhong)由于經過(guo)長期的(de)(de)自(zi)然選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)和(he)人(ren)工選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)結果，形成不(bu)同(tong)品種(zhong)。其性狀不(bu)同(tong)，抗蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)能力也可能產(chan)生差異(yi)。

（3）積(ji)極防治(zhi)松(song)墨天牛

人工把長勢(shi)很(hen)弱的松樹砍(kan)傷(shang)，因為松褐天(tian)牛最喜歡到這個里面產卵，然后進(jin)行除(chu)害(hai)處理，減(jian)少對健康(kang)松樹的危害(hai)。除(chu)此之外，也有用(yong)天(tian)牛化學(xue)引誘劑Ⅰ號誘殺(sha)(sha)天(tian)牛或養(yang)放(fang)腫(zhong)腿(tui)蜂(Scleroderma guani)寄生天(tian)牛幼(you)蟲誅殺(sha)(sha)。清除(chu)病害(hai)的枯木或瀕于(yu)枯死的樹木，集中(zhong)成(cheng)堆，用(yong)塑料布密(mi)封，以溴甲烷熏蒸5～10h，藥(yao)量為69～83g/m3，可(ke)(ke)殺(sha)(sha)滅天(tian)牛成(cheng)蟲及幼(you)蟲。樹丫集成(cheng)小堆燒毀。預防性的噴(pen)藥(yao)，包括樹冠噴(pen)藥(yao)和地(di)面噴(pen)藥(yao)，前者(zhe)在天(tian)牛羽(yu)化出(chu)來取食補充營養(yang)時噴(pen)藥(yao)，后者(zhe)在羽(yu)化開始(shi)時噴(pen)藥(yao)，噴(pen)藥(yao)一次可(ke)(ke)持效2．5～3個月，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)25%殺(sha)(sha)螟松乳(ru)劑，每公頃3～3． 6kg。

（4）生物防治

利用(yong)白(bai)僵(jiang)菌防治昆蟲(chong)(chong)介體，也可用(yong)捕線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)真菌來防治松(song)材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)。此種方法對人、畜、植物安(an)全，對害蟲(chong)(chong)有長(chang)期抑制作用(yong)，人工培養(yang)及使用(yong)技術要(yao)求比較(jiao)嚴(yan)格，有時效果(guo)不(bu)像藥劑那樣迅(xun)速和明顯。