芒果视频下载

基本介紹

松(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus），該線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)屬線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)動物門、線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)綱、滑刃目(mu)、滑刃科、傘滑刃屬。雌蟲(chong)(chong)體長0.81mm，雄體長0.73mm，雌蟲(chong)(chong)尾部(bu)近(jin)圓(yuan)錐形，末端圓(yuan)；雄蟲(chong)(chong)尾部(bu)似鳥爪，向腹面彎曲(qu)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)病(bing)又稱松(song)(song)(song)(song)枯(ku)萎病(bing)，是一種(zhong)毀(hui)滅性蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)。它是通過松(song)(song)(song)(song)墨天牛（Monochamus alternatus）等媒介昆蟲(chong)(chong)傳播于松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹體內(nei)，從而引發松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹病(bing)害(hai)。被松(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)感(gan)染(ran)后的(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹，針葉黃(huang)褐色或紅褐色，萎蔫下垂，樹脂(zhi)分(fen)泌停止，樹干(gan)可觀(guan)察到天牛侵(qin)入孔或產卵痕跡，病(bing)樹整株干(gan)枯(ku)死(si)亡，最(zui)終腐爛。

松(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)屬于(yu)線(xian)形(xing)動(dong)物(wu)門(men)，滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)目(mu)、滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)總(zong)科、滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)科、傘(san)滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)屬。是我(wo)國危害(hai)較大的(de)外來入侵(qin)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)一（但未被列(lie)入我(wo)國首(shou)批(pi)外來入侵(qin)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)名單）。成(cheng)蟲(chong)體細(xi)長(chang)(chang)，雌蟲(chong)體長(chang)(chang)0.81mm，雄體長(chang)(chang)0.73mm，雌蟲(chong)尾(wei)部(bu)近圓錐形(xing)，末端(duan)圓。雄蟲(chong)尾(wei)部(bu)似(si)鳥爪，向腹面彎曲。1982年在南京中山陵首(shou)次(ci)發現，以后相繼在江蘇(su)、安(an)徽、廣東和浙江等(deng)地成(cheng)災，幾乎(hu)毀滅了(le)在香港(gang)廣泛分布的(de)馬尾(wei)松(song)林(lin)。近距離(li)傳播(bo)主要靠媒介(jie)天(tian)(tian)牛，如松(song)墨(mo)天(tian)(tian)牛（Monochamus alternatus），攜帶(dai)傳播(bo)；遠距離(li)主要靠人為調運帶(dai)疫（帶(dai)松(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)的(de)天(tian)(tian)牛）的(de)苗木、松(song)材(cai)(cai)、松(song)木包裝箱及(ji)松(song)木制品(pin)等(deng)進(jin)行傳播(bo)。被松(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)感染后的(de)松(song)樹，針葉黃褐色或(huo)紅褐色、萎(wei)蔫下垂，樹脂分泌停止，在樹干上(shang)可觀察到天(tian)(tian)牛侵(qin)入孔或(huo)產卵痕跡，病樹整株(zhu)干枯死亡，木材(cai)(cai)藍變。嚴重威脅用材(cai)(cai)林(lin)。由于(yu)擴展(zhan)迅速，現已對(dui)黃山、張(zhang)家界等(deng)風(feng)景(jing)名勝區的(de)天(tian)(tian)然針葉林(lin)構成(cheng)了(le)巨大威脅。

常見種類

松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus），該線(xian)(xian)蟲屬(shu)線(xian)(xian)蟲動物(wu)門、線(xian)(xian)蟲綱(gang)、滑(hua)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)目、滑(hua)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)科、傘滑(hua)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)屬(shu)。目前傘滑(hua)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)屬(shu)約(yue)有(you)50多個種。傘滑(hua)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)屬(shu)的線(xian)(xian)蟲多寄生在(zai)昆蟲體內，和松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)死亡有(you)關的種主要是松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲和擬(ni)松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲（Bursaphelenchus mucronatus）。松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲侵染松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)后使(shi)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)枯死，而(er)擬(ni)松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲也在(zai)很多地(di)方枯死松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的木材(cai)(cai)中發現，但擬(ni)松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲是否能引起松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)死亡，現在(zai)尚無(wu)定論。松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲和擬(ni)松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲的形態特征非(fei)常相(xiang)似(si)。其主要區別在(zai)于(yu)雌蟲的尾(wei)(wei)部(bu)形態，松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲雌蟲尾(wei)(wei)部(bu)鈍(dun)圓，而(er)擬(ni)松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲的尾(wei)(wei)端有(you)個尖突。

生長與分布

生活史

松(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)生(sheng)活史包括(kuo)繁(fan)殖(zhi)型和擴(kuo)散型兩個(ge)階段，在(zai)(zai)寄主植物(wu)體內，當(dang)環境條件不適(shi)宜(yi)時，由繁(fan)殖(zhi)型二(er)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)（J2）轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)擴(kuo)散型三(san)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)（JⅢ），并向天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)蛹室周圍聚集(ji)，在(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)羽化(hua)前，松(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)擴(kuo)散型三(san)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)蛻皮變(bian)(bian)為(wei)擴(kuo)散型四齡(ling)(ling)(ling)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)（JⅣ），通過氣孔進入剛羽化(hua)的(de)、體壁尚未完全骨化(hua)的(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)呼(hu)吸系(xi)統。隨(sui)后，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)進行補充營(ying)養(yang)取(qu)食或者產(chan)卵時，線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)從天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)氣管逸出，并從天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)取(qu)食或產(chan)卵造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)傷口(kou)進入新的(de)寄主植物(wu)體內。因此JⅣ型幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)是(shi)松(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)生(sheng)活史中重(zhong)要的(de)一個(ge)蟲(chong)(chong)態，是(shi)種(zhong)群(qun)形成(cheng)(cheng)和擴(kuo)散的(de)關鍵。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)攜帶的(de)松(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)越多，侵(qin)染(ran)健康松(song)樹的(de)松(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)病原就越多。

地理分布

原(yuan)產(chan)地：原(yuan)產(chan)北美洲。

在(zai)(zai)日本、韓(han)國、美國、加拿大、墨西(xi)哥、葡萄牙(ya)、中國等(deng)國均有發(fa)生(sheng)，但危害(hai)程度不一，其(qi)中以日本受害(hai)最重(zhong)。此病1982年(nian)中國在(zai)(zai)南京市中山陵首次(ci)發(fa)現，在(zai)(zai)短短的(de)十幾年(nian)內(nei)，又相繼在(zai)(zai)江蘇、安徽(hui)、山東、浙江、廣東、湖(hu)北(bei)、湖(hu)南、臺灣(wan)、香(xiang)港(gang)等(deng)省（區）等(deng)許多地區發(fa)生(sheng)并流(liu)行(xing)成災。

形態及特征

雌(ci)雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)都呈(cheng)(cheng)蠕蟲(chong)(chong)形(xing)，蟲(chong)(chong)體(ti)細長(chang)，雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)體(ti)長(chang)0.81mm，雄(xiong)體(ti)長(chang)0.73mm。唇區高，縊縮顯著。口針(zhen)細長(chang)，其(qi)基部(bu)微增(zeng)厚。中(zhong)食(shi)(shi)道(dao)球卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)，占體(ti)寬(kuan)的(de)2/3以上，瓣膜清(qing)晰。食(shi)(shi)道(dao)腺(xian)細長(chang)葉(xie)狀(zhuang)，覆蓋于腸背面。排泄孔的(de)開口大致和食(shi)(shi)道(dao)與腸交(jiao)接(jie)處平行，半月體(ti)在排泄孔后(hou)約(yue)2/3體(ti)寬(kuan)處。卵巢(chao)單個，前伸(shen)(shen)；陰門(men)開口于蟲(chong)(chong)體(ti)中(zhong)后(hou)部(bu)73%處。上覆以寬(kuan)的(de)陰門(men)蓋。后(hou)陰子宮(gong)囊長(chang)，約(yue)為陰肛(gang)距(ju)的(de)3/4。雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)尾(wei)亞圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)形(xing)，末端(duan)(duan)寬(kuan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，少(shao)數有微小的(de)尾(wei)尖(jian)突。雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)交(jiao)合刺大，弓狀(zhuang)，成(cheng)對，喙突顯著，交(jiao)合刺遠端(duan)(duan)膨大如盤(pan)。雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)尾(wei)似鳥(niao)爪(zhua)，向腹面彎(wan)曲，尾(wei)端(duan)(duan)為小的(de)卵狀(zhuang)交(jiao)合傘包裹(guo)，退火(huo)的(de)交(jiao)合傘在光學(xue)顯微鏡下不易(yi)看見，交(jiao)合傘（為翼）是尾(wei)的(de)角質膜的(de)延伸(shen)(shen)，在問短呈(cheng)(cheng)鏟狀(zhuang)，由于邊(bian)緣向內(nei)卷曲，從背面觀呈(cheng)(cheng)卵形(xing)，從側面觀呈(cheng)(cheng)尖(jian)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)。病(bing)材中(zhong)的(de)幼蟲(chong)(chong)蟲(chong)(chong)體(ti)前部(bu)和成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)相(xiang)似，但(dan)其(qi)后(hou)部(bu)則因腸內(nei)積聚大量(liang)顆(ke)狀(zhuang)內(nei)含物，以至呈(cheng)(cheng)暗(an)色并接(jie)結構模糊(hu)。幼蟲(chong)(chong)尾(wei)亞圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)形(xing)。

病害防治

松材線蟲病

疾病簡介

松(song)材線蟲(chong)(chong)病又稱松(song)枯萎病，是一種毀滅性蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)。它是通過松(song)墨天牛等媒介(jie)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)傳播于松(song)樹(shu)(shu)體(ti)內，從而引(yin)發松(song)樹(shu)(shu)病害(hai)(hai)。被松(song)材線蟲(chong)(chong)感(gan)染后的(de)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)，針葉黃(huang)褐色或(huo)紅褐色，萎蔫下垂，樹(shu)(shu)脂分泌停止(zhi)，樹(shu)(shu)干可觀察到天牛侵(qin)入孔或(huo)產卵(luan)痕跡，病樹(shu)(shu)整株干枯死(si)亡(wang)，最終腐爛。

松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)病(bing)多發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)高(gao)溫干旱的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)氣候條(tiao)件(jian)下。從(cong)罹患病(bing)樹羽化(hua)(hua)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)牛幾乎100%攜(xie)(xie)帶松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，每只(zhi)天(tian)牛都(dou)可攜(xie)(xie)帶成(cheng)(cheng)千上(shang)萬條(tiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，最高(gao)可達(da)25萬~30萬條(tiao)。當(dang)天(tian)牛在(zai)樹上(shang)咬食樹木(mu)補充營養時(shi)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)就從(cong)天(tian)牛取食的(de)(de)(de)傷口進(jin)入樹脂，然后蛻皮成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。被(bei)(bei)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)侵染的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹往往又是松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)墨天(tian)牛的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)卵對象。翌年，在(zai)罹患病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)樹林內寄生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)墨天(tian)牛羽化(hua)(hua)時(shi)又會(hui)攜(xie)(xie)帶大量線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，并“接(jie)種”傳播到健康的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹上(shang)，導致病(bing)害的(de)(de)(de)擴散(san)蔓延。該病(bing)害的(de)(de)(de)近距(ju)(ju)離(li)傳播主(zhu)要(yao)靠(kao)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)黑天(tian)牛攜(xie)(xie)帶傳播，遠距(ju)(ju)離(li)傳播主(zhu)要(yao)是人(ren)為(wei)(wei)調(diao)運帶疫（帶松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)牛）的(de)(de)(de)苗木(mu)、松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)、松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木(mu)包(bao)裝箱及松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木(mu)制品等進(jin)行遠程傳播。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雌(ci)(ci)雄蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)交尾(wei)后產(chan)卵，每只(zhi)雌(ci)(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)產(chan)卵約100粒。蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)卵在(zai)25℃下經30小時(shi)孵化(hua)(hua)。幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)共4齡。在(zai)溫度30℃時(shi)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)3天(tian)就可以(yi)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)個世(shi)代(dai)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)長(chang)繁殖的(de)(de)(de)最適宜溫度為(wei)(wei)20℃，低于10℃時(shi)不能發(fa)育，28℃以(yi)上(shang)時(shi)繁殖會(hui)受(shou)到抑制，在(zai)33℃以(yi)上(shang)則(ze)不能繁殖。線(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)能在(zai)6個月內使松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹死亡，是使松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)林大片被(bei)(bei)毀(hui)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。

松(song)材線蟲病(bing)在美(mei)國、加拿大、墨西哥、日本、韓國等國均(jun)有發生(sheng)(sheng)，20世(shi)紀80年代侵襲中(zhong)國香(xiang)港，幾乎毀(hui)滅了(le)香(xiang)港分布(bu)廣泛的(de)馬尾松(song)林。1982年在南京(jing)中(zhong)山(shan)陵(ling)首次被發現，隨后相繼在安徽(hui)、山(shan)東、浙江(jiang)、廣東等地形成幾個(ge)疾病(bing)中(zhong)心，并(bing)向四周擴散(san)，使這些省的(de)局部(bu)地區發生(sheng)(sheng)并(bing)流行成災，導致(zhi)大批(pi)松(song)樹枯死(si)。松(song)材線蟲病(bing)給安徽(hui)、浙江(jiang)兩省帶來的(de)經濟損失高達(da)5億(yi)~7億(yi)元。由于松(song)線蟲的(de)毀(hui)滅性危害，該蟲已被為對(dui)內、對(dui)外的(de)重要檢疫(yi)對(dui)象。

傳播媒介

松材(cai)線蟲的媒(mei)介(jie)昆蟲有天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)科28個種、吉丁科1個屬(shu)、脛(jing)象科1個屬(shu)的昆蟲。在我國松材(cai)線蟲分(fen)布區中，其傳播媒(mei)介(jie)均(jun)為松墨天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)（Monochamus alternatus）。松墨天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)，屬(shu)鞘翅目天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)科溝脛(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)亞科墨天(tian)(tian)(tian)牛(niu)(niu)屬(shu)，幼蟲有5個齡期(qi)，以4、5齡老蟲在蛹室內越(yue)冬，是松樹(shu)的蛀干害蟲，蟲口密度較高時可導致松樹(shu)死亡。

傳播途徑

①借助媒(mei)介天牛(niu)或線蟲本身(shen)的移(yi)動的自然傳播途(tu)徑(jing);②借助人為運輸并在媒(mei)介天牛(niu)的攜帶下實現遠距離蔓延(yan)的人為傳播途(tu)徑(jing)。

癥狀特點

松(song)材線蟲病首(shou)先(xian)表(biao)(biao)現為(wei)樹(shu)脂分(fen)泌減少(shao)(shao)，蒸(zheng)騰(teng)作用下降(jiang)，接著(zhu)部分(fen)針(zhen)(zhen)葉失去光澤(ze)成灰(hui)綠色(se)，并逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)變黃，樹(shu)脂停止分(fen)泌，最(zui)后(hou)整(zheng)個樹(shu)冠針(zhen)(zhen)葉變成紅褐色(se)，植(zhi)株死亡(wang)。無論是小樹(shu)還是大樹(shu),大多數植(zhi)株在(zai)表(biao)(biao)現癥狀后(hou)1一3個月迅(xun)速(su)枯死,只(zhi)有少(shao)(shao)數植(zhi)株至(zhi)次(ci)年(nian)春季或初夏枯死，越年(nian)死亡(wang)的松(song)樹(shu)可在(zai)當年(nian)被診斷。有的植(zhi)株感病后(hou)，在(zai)l一2年(nian)內(nei)僅樹(shu)冠上(shang)少(shao)(shao)量(liang)枝條枯死，隨時間推移逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)增多，直至(zhi)全株。在(zai)濕(shi)地(di)松(song)、馬尾(wei)松(song)、黑(hei)松(song)等(deng)植(zhi)株上(shang)發(fa)生比較普遍。

檢疫與防治

檢疫檢驗方法

①直觀檢驗:此(ci)種(zhong)方法(fa)主要(yao)在(zai)產地調(diao)查時(shi)使用。在(zai)調(diao)查時(shi)仔細觀察(cha)樹木發(fa)育是否正常，注意察(cha)看有(you)(you)無樹脂分泌減(jian)少、停(ting)止，針葉(xie)變(bian)褐、萎蔫，枝干及(ji)整株(zhu)枯死(si)的現(xian)象，同時(shi)，觀察(cha)樹干上有(you)(you)無天(tian)牛(niu)蛀食的痕跡、產卵孔、羽(yu)化孔等，如(ru)有(you)(you)再(zai)行解(jie)剖檢查。

②解(jie)剖檢(jian)驗:用工(gong)具將(jiang)可疑感病(bing)的(de)樹木鋸斷劈開，看材質重(zhong)量(liang)是(shi)否明顯減輕;木質部(bu)有(you)無(wu)藍變(bian)現象(xiang);樹干內有(you)無(wu)松褐天牛棲居(ju)的(de)痕跡。

③漏斗(dou)(dou)分離檢(jian)驗(yan):從罹病(bing)木發(fa)病(bing)部(bu)位(wei)或天牛棲居(ju)處鉆取(qu)木材組織并粉碎，用雙(shuang)層(ceng)紗(sha)布包(bao)好，置于下(xia)(xia)方帶有(you)膠(jiao)管和截流(liu)夾的玻璃漏斗(dou)(dou)上，加水浸泡12h，取(qu)下(xia)(xia)部(bu)浸泡液離心，取(qu)其(qi)沉淀液15ml，置于解剖鏡下(xia)(xia)，對照松材線(xian)蟲的形態特(te)征進行檢(jian)查鑒定。

④打孔流(liu)汁法檢(jian)(jian)驗:松(song)樹的流(liu)汁是比(bi)較正(zheng)常的，就說明這個是健康的，如果流(liu)汁不是很正(zheng)常的，拿到(dao)取樣到(dao)實驗室里面檢(jian)(jian)測，確定是否有(you)染松(song)材線蟲(chong)。

檢疫處理方式

木(mu)材及(ji)其產品(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)前(qian)或(huo)出境、進境前(qian)用(yong)60℃熱處理或(huo)殺線(xian)蟲(chong)劑處理。檢(jian)疫中(zhong)(zhong)發現有攜帶松(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)的松(song)木(mu)及(ji)包裝箱(xiang)等制品(pin)(pin)，應用(yong)帳幕(mu)熏蒸(zheng)法進行(xing)處理，放在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)密封的塑料(liao)紙(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，用(yong)每立方米木(mu)材方5～8磷化鋁(lv)藥(yao)丸或(huo)溴甲烷(wan)進行(xing)熏蒸(zheng)，里面留有一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的循環空間，熏蒸(zheng)7d以上(shang);或(huo)浸泡于水中(zhong)(zhong)5個(ge)月以上(shang);或(huo)把病(bing)樹粉(fen)碎后(hou)再進行(xing)加工，立即送(song)工廠用(yong)作纖(xian)維板(ban)、刨花板(ban)或(huo)紙(zhi)漿等工業原料(liao)以及(ji)作為燃料(liao)及(ji)時燒毀(hui);對(dui)利用(yong)價值不大(da)的小(xiao)徑(jing)木(mu)、枝丫等集中(zhong)(zhong)燒毀(hui)，嚴防遺漏。

防治措施

（1）對松材線蟲病應加(jia)強檢疫檢驗，嚴(yan)禁被害木外運

對種(zhong)苗等繁殖(zhi)材料和木材的(de)調動和貿(mao)易進行管理、控(kong)制和檢(jian)驗(yan)，防止危(wei)(wei)險(xian)性(xing)(xing)病蟲(chong)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)播和蔓(man)延。防止危(wei)(wei)險(xian)性(xing)(xing)病蟲(chong)由國(guo)外(wai)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)或由國(guo)內輸出，將局部(bu)地區發生(sheng)的(de)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)性(xing)(xing)病蟲(chong)封鎖在一(yi)定范圍內，防止它(ta)傳(chuan)(chuan)播到新區，并采取(qu)各種(zhong)積極措施逐步消滅。

（2）選育抗病樹(shu)種

選(xuan)育抗蟲(chong)品種(zhong)是預防(fang)線(xian)蟲(chong)的(de)重要的(de)一環。同(tong)一樹種(zhong)由于經過長期的(de)自(zi)然(ran)選(xuan)擇和人工(gong)選(xuan)擇的(de)結(jie)果，形成不(bu)同(tong)品種(zhong)。其性狀不(bu)同(tong)，抗蟲(chong)能力也可能產生差異。

（3）積極防治松墨天牛(niu)

人工把長勢很弱的(de)(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)砍傷(shang)，因為(wei)松(song)(song)褐天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)最喜歡到這個里面產卵，然后進行(xing)除害處理(li)，減少對健(jian)康松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)危害。除此(ci)之外，也(ye)有用(yong)天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)化學(xue)引誘(you)劑(ji)Ⅰ號誘(you)殺(sha)天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)或(huo)(huo)養放腫(zhong)腿蜂(Scleroderma guani)寄生(sheng)天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)幼蟲(chong)誅殺(sha)。清除病(bing)害的(de)(de)枯木(mu)或(huo)(huo)瀕(bin)于枯死(si)的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)，集中(zhong)成堆，用(yong)塑料布密封，以溴(xiu)甲烷熏蒸(zheng)5～10h，藥量(liang)為(wei)69～83g/m3，可殺(sha)滅天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)成蟲(chong)及幼蟲(chong)。樹(shu)(shu)(shu)丫集成小堆燒(shao)毀。預防性(xing)的(de)(de)噴藥，包括樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠噴藥和地面噴藥，前者(zhe)在天(tian)牛(niu)(niu)羽化出來取(qu)食補充營養時噴藥，后者(zhe)在羽化開始時噴藥，噴藥一次可持效2．5～3個月，可用(yong)25%殺(sha)螟松(song)(song)乳劑(ji)，每公頃(qing)3～3． 6kg。

（4）生物防治

利用(yong)白僵菌防治(zhi)昆蟲(chong)介體，也可用(yong)捕(bu)線蟲(chong)真菌來防治(zhi)松(song)材線蟲(chong)。此種方法對人(ren)、畜、植(zhi)物安全，對害蟲(chong)有長(chang)期抑制作用(yong)，人(ren)工培養及使用(yong)技術要求比較嚴格，有時(shi)效果不像藥劑那樣(yang)迅速和明顯。