明(ming)代的(de)花(hua)(hua)馬(ma)(ma)池(chi)(chi)(chi)城(cheng)(cheng)曾修(xiu)(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)了(le)三(san)次,第一次是正(zheng)統元年(nian)(1436年(nian)),寧夏(xia)總兵官史昭奏筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),因城(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)花(hua)(hua)馬(ma)(ma)池(chi)(chi)(chi)鹽(yan)(yan)湖(hu)旁(pang),故(gu)名為花(hua)(hua)馬(ma)(ma)池(chi)(chi)(chi)營(ying)。遺(yi)址在(zai)今北大池(chi)(chi)(chi)東北角,呈正(zheng)方形(xing),邊長370米,門東開帶甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)。第二次是在(zai)天(tian)順年(nian)間(1457-1464年(nian)),“以城(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)花(hua)(hua)馬(ma)(ma)鹽(yan)(yan)池(chi)(chi)(chi)北,孤懸寡援”為由,改筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)花(hua)(hua)馬(ma)(ma)池(chi)(chi)(chi)城(cheng)(cheng)(即今鹽(yan)(yan)池(chi)(chi)(chi)縣城(cheng)(cheng))。第三(san)次是正(zheng)德元年(nian)(1506年(nian))一月,楊(yang)一清(qing)總制延綏、寧夏(xia)、甘肅(su)、陜西邊務,奏請修(xiu)(xiu)復自橫城(cheng)(cheng)至(zhi)花(hua)(hua)馬(ma)(ma)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)河東墻(qiang),明(ming)武宗(zong)準其(qi)奏,由西向(xiang)東而筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),只修(xiu)(xiu)30里,因飲水飲食(shi)困(kun)難(nan),疾病流行,役夫發(fa)生嘩變。楊(yang)一清(qing)知人心難(nan)犯,下令停(ting)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),許之以筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)完花(hua)(hua)馬(ma)(ma)池(chi)(chi)(chi)城(cheng)(cheng)即放散。5天(tian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)完花(hua)(hua)馬(ma)(ma)池(chi)(chi)(chi)城(cheng)(cheng),民夫遣散。
花(hua)馬池城(cheng)(cheng)墻高(gao)三丈五(wu)尺,周回七里(li)三分。池深(shen)一丈五(wu)尺,闊二丈。東(dong)(dong)、北(bei)二門(men),上有樓。東(dong)(dong)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)南(nan)開名(ming)永寧(ning),南(nan)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)東(dong)(dong)開名(ming)廣惠,北(bei)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)東(dong)(dong)開名(ming)威(wei)勝。城(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)鼓樓為中軸,分東(dong)(dong)西、南(nan)北(bei)兩條主(zhu)要街(jie)道。萬歷(li)八年(nian)(1580年(nian))巡撫蕭大亨甃以(yi)磚石(shi)。清乾隆六(liu)年(nian)(公元1741年(nian))曾有修葺。
明正統九(jiu)年(nian)(1444)置(zhi)哨(shao)馬(ma)營(ying),弘(hong)治六年(nian)(1493)巡(xun)撫、都(dou)御(yu)史韓文奏置(zhi)花(hua)馬(ma)池守(shou)御(yu)千戶所(suo)。正德二年(nian)(1507),三邊總制、左(zuo)都(dou)御(yu)史楊一清(qing)奏改(gai)(gai)花(hua)馬(ma)池千戶所(suo)為寧夏(xia)后(hou)衛。天啟七年(nian)二月(yue)丙辰(1627年(nian)4月(yue)4日),兵部批(pi)復將花(hua)馬(ma)池改(gai)(gai)為鎮。
康熙三(san)十六(liu)年(1697)二(er)月,康熙帝親征噶爾丹。二(er)月二(er)十日駐蹕花馬池城(cheng)(cheng),在城(cheng)(cheng)內文廟(miao)題(ti)寫了“萬(wan)世(shi)師(shi)表(biao)”匾(bian)額。雍正三(san)年(1725)改置花馬池分州(zhou),隸(li)靈州(zhou)。1913年置鹽池縣。
2014年后,鹽池縣委、政府結合遺址保護,多次組織對花(hua)馬池城墻進(jin)行修(xiu)茸(rong),恢復修(xiu)建了甕城、魁星樓(lou)(lou)、城樓(lou)(lou)、箭(jian)樓(lou)(lou)、角樓(lou)(lou)等。
花(hua)馬池(chi)東(dong)甕城于天順年(nian)間(1457-1464年(nian))建,門南(nan)開名永(yong)寧,清(qing)謝王寵(chong)曾題寫“花(hua)馬池(chi)”三(san)字,非斜(xie)視(shi)不(bu)能(neng)辨認,取其“并(bing)足而立,側目而視(shi)”之意。于20世紀(ji)60年(nian)代末(mo)頹圮。2014年(nian)動工修復。甕城內(nei)建觀音閣,甕城上建東(dong)門樓、箭樓、南(nan)北魁星樓。均為歇山式屋頂的二層(ceng)建筑物,斗(dou)拱交錯,雕梁畫(hua)棟,朱漆艷麗(li)。
花馬池南(nan)甕城(cheng)于萬歷(li)三(san)年(1575)筑,門(men)(men)東開,名廣惠。甕城(cheng)上建(jian)有(you)城(cheng)門(men)(men)樓(lou),二(er)層,磚木結構,內(nei)塑(su)李太白(bai)像。后門(men)(men)樓(lou)坍(tan)塌,塑(su)像被(bei)毀。南(nan)甕城(cheng)于20世(shi)紀60年代頹圮,2014年修(xiu)復,門(men)(men)南(nan)開。
長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)(guan)坐落在鹽池縣城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)門(men)六十步(bu)之外(wai)的深(shen)溝(gou)高壘之上(shang)。嘉靖(jing)九年(1530),寧夏(xia)副使(shi)齊(qi)之鸞根據兵部尚(shang)書(shu)、三邊總(zong)制王瓊(qiong)的授意修(xiu)筑而成,《嘉靖(jing)寧夏(xia)新志(zhi)》載:“花馬池營東(dong)者,為喉噤總(zong)要,則題(ti)曰‘長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)(guan)’。高臺層樓,雕(diao)革虎視,憑欄(lan)遠眺,朔方形勢,畢(bi)呈于下”。長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)(guan)上(shang)建有(you)關(guan)(guan)樓,高聳雄壯。上(shang)書(shu)“深(shen)溝(gou)高壘”“朔方天塹”“北(bei)門(men)鎖鑰”“防胡(hu)大塹”等字。下設(she)(she)暗門(men),門(men)外(wai)設(she)(she)市場,漢(han)蒙每月交易3次。長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)(guan)是明萬里長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)二百多座(zuo)雄關(guan)(guan)中(zhong)唯一以長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)命名的關(guan)(guan)隘。設(she)(she)守(shou)備監守(shou)營兵防守(shou)。今(jin)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)(guan)建筑已(yi)毀,僅存高大的墩臺。2016年,在長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)公園北(bei)新建長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)(guan)。
九(jiu)曲(黃河龍門陣)民(min)俗文化園位(wei)于鹽池(chi)縣城西(xi)北長(chang)城關北側,屬于鹽池(chi)縣市民(min)森(sen)林休(xiu)閑公園民(min)俗文化園建設項目,始(shi)建于2018年(nian)。
九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)曲,全(quan)稱九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)曲黃河(he)燈(deng)陣(zhen),也(ye)叫(jiao)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)曲黃河(he)龍(long)門陣(zhen),俗(su)稱轉(zhuan)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)曲,是(shi)黃河(he)流域(yu)元宵節(jie)民間游(you)藝活動的一(yi)種群體活動形式。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)曲乃曲曲折(zhe)折(zhe)之意,原意指(zhi)黃河(he)河(he)道之曲折(zhe),其寓(yu)意是(shi)人生就是(shi)一(yi)條小溪,千回百折(zhe),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)歸一(yi)。轉(zhuan)完九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)曲意味著一(yi)年將消除災劫,平(ping)平(ping)安安。
黃(huang)河龍(long)門(men)陣(zhen)民俗文化(hua)(hua)園(yuan)占地(di)面(mian)積(ji)12723.84平(ping)米(19.09畝),分為(wei)七(qi)星(xing)柱、烽(feng)火(huo)臺(tai)、九(jiu)曲(qu)陣(zhen)、牌坊宮(gong)門(men)和影(ying)壁及燈桿雕塑以及外(wai)圍附屬(shu)工程五個部(bu)分。九(jiu)曲(qu)龍(long)門(men)長22.6米,高13.11米;七(qi)星(xing)柱直徑為(wei)3.9米,高度24.5米;烽(feng)火(huo)臺(tai)高度為(wei)9.37米。九(jiu)個小宮(gong)平(ping)面(mian)鋪開,形成九(jiu)宮(gong)八卦(gua)的(de)布局(ju)。九(jiu)宮(gong)的(de)四(si)正宮(gong)、四(si)偏宮(gong)各按(an)方(fang)位設色(se),按(an)卦(gua)像取義(yi),按(an)精靈(ling)取紋(wen),中宮(gong)屬(shu)于土(tu)色(se)黃(huang),覆蓋(gai)于吉樣塔土(tu)臺(tai)之下,并以小門(men)洞與(yu)各宮(gong)相連,讓游人了解八卦(gua)之形、義(yi)、色(se)、像和精。在九(jiu)曲(qu)的(de)四(si)個角設置暸望(wang)烽(feng)火(huo)臺(tai),體現雄(xiong)壯的(de)大漠邊關文化(hua)(hua)。九(jiu)曲(qu)之外(wai)的(de)環形水(shui)渠和跨水(shui)橋梁(liang),喻天圓地(di)方(fang)之意(yi)。九(jiu)曲(qu)(黃(huang)河龍(long)門(men)陣(zhen))民俗文化(hua)(hua)園(yuan)把古老的(de)黃(huang)河文明、濃郁的(de)絲路風(feng)情、悠久的(de)邊塞(sai)文化(hua)(hua)、獨(du)特的(de)民俗風(feng)情凝聚(ju)、幻化(hua)(hua)為(wei)絢麗的(de)彩(cai)虹(hong),展現在寧夏的(de)東大門(men),成為(wei)鹽池的(de)響(xiang)亮名片(pian)。
寧夏長城博物(wu)館(guan)是展示(shi)中國長城文化(hua)的(de)博物(wu)館(guan),布展面積3400平(ping)米,2018年實施。
寧夏長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)博物館分(fen)(fen)(fen)西大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)和東(dong)大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)。西大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)歷代長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)文化展廳(ting)(ting)(ting),東(dong)大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)為(wei)花(hua)(hua)馬池明(ming)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)文化展廳(ting)(ting)(ting)。西大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)三部分(fen)(fen)(fen):萬(wan)里長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)萬(wan)古雄風(feng);城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)彼朔方(fang)控扼塞上;不(bu)到(dao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)非好(hao)漢。較為(wei)系統地(di)展示了(le)春秋戰國(guo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、秦(qin)始皇時期(qi)的防胡大(da)塹,絲路雄關—西漢長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),北魏、北齊、北周長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),隋長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),遼金(jin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)著名關隘(ai)勝跡、長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)(ji)其附屬設施、長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)武備、長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)文化等(deng)內容,其主題為(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是中(zhong)華民族燦爛(lan)文化的驕傲。東(dong)大(da)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)較為(wei)全面的展陳了(le)花(hua)(hua)馬池長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡、墩臺、戰臺等(deng)軍事防御體系構筑(zhu)(zhu)的背景、分(fen)(fen)(fen)布、建筑(zhu)(zhu)狀(zhuang)況以(yi)及(ji)(ji)戰事和駐(zhu)守將領。
長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)關、烽火臺、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)等古(gu)代(dai)軍事(shi)設施見證(zheng)了金(jin)戈鐵馬、刀光劍影,銘刻著太多的時代(dai)變遷、王朝興衰,是(shi)一份極為寶貴的文化(hua)遺產。走進(jin)鹽池長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)關長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)博(bo)物館,再睹中國歷代(dai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)鹽池明長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完備(bei)的軍事(shi)防御體系,重溫歷史(shi),長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)精(jing)神和(he)民(min)族夢(meng)想當(dang)會永(yong)遠綿延(yan)在我(wo)們的心(xin)中。