盤木胎黑(hei)(hei)漆,內(nei)外均雕(diao)云紋(wen),堆漆甚厚,晶瑩照人,刻工(gong)圓(yuan)潤(run),在黝黑(hei)(hei)峻深的刀口(kou)斷面露出朱漆四道,是(shi)《髹(xiu)飾(shi)錄》中所(suo)謂(wei)“烏間朱線”的作(zuo)法(fa)(fa)。盤底(di)黑(hei)(hei)漆浮躁,顯然曾(ceng)經(jing)重髹(xiu)飾(shi),正中署楷書(shu)填金“乾隆年制”四字款,為后髹(xiu)底(di)漆時(shi)所(suo)加刻。近足(zu)邊緣處有針劃“張成(cheng)造(zao)”三字細款,此(ci)為張成(cheng)慣用的署款方法(fa)(fa)。此(ci)盤漆色和刀工(gong)均與現(xian)藏于安徽(hui)省(sheng)博物館的“張成(cheng)造(zao)”剔(ti)犀云紋(wen)盒如出一(yi)轍,系(xi)張成(cheng)作(zuo)品無疑,原款應為后髹(xiu)底(di)漆時(shi)所(suo)覆蓋(gai)。
烏間(jian)朱(zhu)線是漆(qi)器工藝用語(yu),指髹漆(qi)時由于黑色漆(qi)層較厚,紅(hong)色漆(qi)層較薄,在刀(dao)口斷面處(chu)可見(jian)黑色漆(qi)層中(zhong)夾雜(za)的紅(hong)色漆(qi)層似一條(tiao)紅(hong)線。
剔(ti)(ti)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)-雕(diao)(diao)漆品(pin)種之一(yi),又名“雕(diao)(diao)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)漆”或(huo)“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)雕(diao)(diao)漆”。此(ci)技法成熟于宋元時期,發展(zhan)于明(ming)清(qing)兩代。明(ming)黃(huang)(huang)成《髹飾錄·坤集(ji)·雕(diao)(diao)鏤第十·剔(ti)(ti)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)》中(zhong)寫(xie)道:“剔(ti)(ti)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong),即雕(diao)(diao)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)漆也。……宋元之制,藏鋒(feng)清(qing)楚,隱(yin)起圓(yuan)滑(hua),纖細精致。”其法常以(yi)木灰、金(jin)屬為胎,在胎骨上(shang)層(ceng)層(ceng)髹紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)漆,少則八九十層(ceng),多達一(yi)二(er)百層(ceng),至相當(dang)的(de)厚(hou)度,待半干時描上(shang)畫稿,然后再雕(diao)(diao)刻花紋(wen)。一(yi)般以(yi)錦紋(wen)為地(di),花紋(wen)隱(yin)起,華(hua)美富麗。根據漆色的(de)不(bu)同,有剔(ti)(ti)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、剔(ti)(ti)黃(huang)(huang)、剔(ti)(ti)綠、剔(ti)(ti)黑、剔(ti)(ti)彩(cai)、剔(ti)(ti)犀之分,其中(zhong)以(yi)剔(ti)(ti)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)器(qi)最(zui)多見。