在一個炎熱的(de)(de)夏日,狐(hu)貍(li)走過一個果園,它停在了(le)(le)葡(pu)萄(tao)架前。狐(hu)貍(li)想(xiang):我(wo)正口渴呢。于是他后退了(le)(le)幾(ji)步,向前一沖,跳起來,卻沒(mei)有(you)摘到葡(pu)萄(tao)。但是都沒(mei)有(you)摘到葡(pu)萄(tao)。狐(hu)貍(li)試(shi)了(le)(le)又試(shi),都沒(mei)有(you)成功,最(zui)后,它決定(ding)(ding)放棄,說(shuo)“我(wo)敢肯定(ding)(ding)它是酸的(de)(de),猴子(zi)說(shuo):我(wo)種的(de)(de)葡(pu)萄(tao)我(wo)不知(zhi)道(dao)嗎?肯定(ding)(ding)是甜的(de)(de)。”猴子(zi)說(shuo)著(zhu)便摘了(le)(le)一串吃了(le)(le)起來,吃的(de)(de)非常香甜。
One hot summer day a fox was walking through an orchard. He stopped before a bunch of grapes. They were ripe and juicy."I'm just feeling thirsty," he thought. So he backed up a few paces, got a .running start, jumped up, but could not reach the grapes. He walked back. One, two, three, he jumped up again, but still, he missed the grapes. The fox tried again and again, but never succeeded. At last he decided to give it up. He, walked away with his nose in the air, and said“I am sure they are sour.”
《伊(yi)索寓言(yan)(yan)》:原書名為《埃索波斯故(gu)事集(ji)成(cheng)》,是(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)希臘民間(jian)(jian)流傳(chuan)的(de)(de)諷喻(yu)故(gu)事,一(yi)部寓言(yan)(yan)故(gu)事集(ji)。經后人(ren)(ren)加(jia)工,成(cheng)為流傳(chuan)的(de)(de)《伊(yi)索寓言(yan)(yan)》。伊(yi)索是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)元前6世紀古(gu)希臘人(ren)(ren),善于講動物故(gu)事,“伊(yi)索”即是(shi)(shi)(shi)“埃塞俄”的(de)(de)諧音。從作品來看(kan),時(shi)間(jian)(jian)跨度大,各篇(pian)的(de)(de)傾向也不完全一(yi)樣(yang),據推測,它不是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)一(yi)時(shi)之作,可以看(kan)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)希臘人(ren)(ren)在(zai)相(xiang)當長的(de)(de)歷史時(shi)期(qi)內(nei)的(de)(de)集(ji)體創作。伊(yi)索,可能是(shi)(shi)(shi)其中(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)位(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)作者。伊(yi)索寓言(yan)(yan),來自民間(jian)(jian),所(suo)以社會底層人(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)生活和思想感(gan)情得到了較突(tu)出的(de)(de)反映。如對(dui)富人(ren)(ren)貪(tan)婪自私(si)的(de)(de)揭(jie)露;對(dui)惡人(ren)(ren)殘忍本(ben)性(xing)的(de)(de)鞭韃;對(dui)勞動創造(zao)財富的(de)(de)肯(ken)定;對(dui)社會不平等(deng)的(de)(de)抨(peng)擊;對(dui)懦弱(ruo)、懶惰的(de)(de)諷刺;對(dui)勇敢(gan)斗爭的(de)(de)贊美。還(huan)有許多寓言(yan)(yan),教人(ren)(ren)如何處世,如何做人(ren)(ren),怎(zen)樣(yang)辨別是(shi)(shi)(shi)非好壞,怎(zen)樣(yang)變得聰明(ming)、智(zhi)慧。伊(yi)索寓言(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)希臘人(ren)(ren)生活和斗爭的(de)(de)概況、提煉和總結,是(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)希臘人(ren)(ren)留給后人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)一(yi)筆精神(shen)遺產(chan)。
《伊索(suo)寓(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》通過簡(jian)短的(de)(de)(de)小寓(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)故事(shi)(shi)(shi)來體現日常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)那些(xie)不為我(wo)們察覺的(de)(de)(de)真理。這(zhe)些(xie)小故事(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)簡(jian)意賅,平(ping)易近人(ren),文(wen)字凝練,故事(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)動,想象豐(feng)富,飽含(han)哲(zhe)理,融思(si)想性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)藝術性(xing)(xing)于一(yi)體。作(zuo)家(jia),詩(shi)人(ren)、哲(zhe)學家(jia)、平(ping)常(chang)百姓都(dou)曾得到過啟發和(he)(he)樂趣。其中(zhong)(zhong)《農(nong)(nong)夫(fu)和(he)(he)蛇》、《狐貍和(he)(he)葡萄》、《狼(lang)和(he)(he)小羊》、《龜兔賽(sai)跑(pao)》、《牧童和(he)(he)狼(lang)》、《農(nong)(nong)夫(fu)和(he)(he)他的(de)(de)(de)孩子們》等已成為全世(shi)界(jie)(jie)家(jia)喻(yu)戶曉的(de)(de)(de)故事(shi)(shi)(shi)。寓(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),是(shi)(shi)智慧(hui)的(de)(de)(de)語言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),哲(zhe)理的(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)。寓(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),大讀者(zhe)愛讀,小讀者(zhe)更愛讀。《伊索(suo)寓(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》是(shi)(shi)寓(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)精華,是(shi)(shi)人(ren)類寶(bao)貴的(de)(de)(de)精神財富。到幾(ji)千年后的(de)(de)(de)今天,伊索(suo)寓(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)已成為西方寓(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)學的(de)(de)(de)范本,亦是(shi)(shi)世(shi)界(jie)(jie)上流傳最(zui)廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)經典作(zuo)品之(zhi)一(yi)。據說世(shi)界(jie)(jie)最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)寓(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)集就是(shi)(shi)《伊索(suo)寓(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》。
1.通過(guo)狐貍“吃(chi)不(bu)到葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)就說葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)酸的(de)”故事,諷刺(ci)了因得不(bu)到某(mou)些事物(wu)而說這些事物(wu)不(bu)好的(de)人。
2.在(zai)一個人經歷多次失敗后(hou),會形成心理(li)暗示,并且將(jiang)這種(zhong)消極的暗示傳遞給(gei)他人,從而無法取得成功(gong)。所(suo)以我們永遠不能一意孤行(xing),要用不同的角度(du)去觀察和解決問題。