武(wu)松(song)打虎(hu),《水(shui)滸(hu)傳(chuan)》中的故事,主要講述(shu)梁(liang)山好漢武(wu)松(song)回家探望兄長,途(tu)經景陽岡,至酒(jiu)(jiu)家沽(gu)飲十八碗,醉(zui)后(hou)欲(yu)行(xing)趕路。酒(jiu)(jiu)家告(gao)以(yi)岡上(shang)有(you)虎(hu)傷人(ren),勸其勿行(xing)。武(wu)松(song)不信,在岡上(shang)果遇(yu)一條吊睛白額大蟲。武(wu)松(song)奮起平生(sheng)之力以(yi)雙拳將(jiang)虎(hu)打死,為當地老(lao)百(bai)姓除去一大害。后(hou)被世人(ren)傳(chuan)為佳話。明代沈璟所著傳(chuan)奇《義(yi)俠記》據(ju)此(ci)改(gai)編。京(jing)劇(ju)、昆腔(qiang)、高腔(qiang)、川劇(ju)、滇劇(ju)、秦腔(qiang)均有(you)此(ci)劇(ju)目。
座次(ci) 14,天罡星(xing)
星名 天傷星
綽號 行者
封號 清忠祖師
身(shen)高 約(yue)合現今1.84米
職業 陽谷(gu)縣步兵捕(bu)頭(tou)
出生(sheng)地清河(he)縣(今(jin)河(he)北省邢臺市)
使用兵器 兩把戒刀
梁山職(zhi)司 步兵頭(tou)領
出場回(hui)目(mu) 第23回(hui)
武(wu)(wu)松,綽(chuo)號(hao)“行者”,因(yin)為(wei)排行第二(er),又名(ming)武(wu)(wu)二(er)郎,河北邢(xing)臺(tai)(tai)清河縣(xian)(有(you)(you)記(ji)載武(wu)(wu)松早是(shi)陽谷縣(xian)人,經近期考證為(wei)今邢(xing)臺(tai)(tai)市清河縣(xian)人)人。他是(shi)陜西大俠(xia)鐵臂(bei)膀周(zhou)侗的(de)弟子,其(qi)武(wu)(wu)藝高強,有(you)(you)勇有(you)(you)謀,是(shi)一個(ge)下(xia)層(ceng)俠(xia)義之士,崇尚的(de)是(shi)忠(zhong)義,有(you)(you)仇必復(fu),有(you)(you)恩必報(bao),他是(shi)下(xia)層(ceng)英雄好漢中最富有(you)(you)血(xue)性和傳奇(qi)色彩的(de)人物。
武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu),出自施耐庵(an)所著(zhu)《水滸傳》中的(de)第二十三回《橫(heng)海(hai)郡柴進留賓景(jing)陽岡武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)》,主要講(jiang)述梁(liang)山好漢武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)回家探望哥(ge)哥(ge),途中路過(guo)(guo)景(jing)陽岡。在(zai)(zai)岡下酒店(dian)(dian)喝了(le)(le)(le)十八碗酒,踉蹌著(zhu)向岡上(shang)(shang)走去。行不(bu)多時,只(zhi)見一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)棵樹上(shang)(shang)寫(xie)著(zhu):“近因(yin)景(jing)陽岡猛(meng)(meng)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)傷(shang)人(ren),但有過(guo)(guo)往(wang)(wang)客商,應(ying)結伙成隊過(guo)(guo)岡,請勿自誤。”武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)認為,這是酒家寫(xie)來嚇人(ren)的(de),為的(de)是讓過(guo)(guo)客住(zhu)(zhu)他的(de)店(dian)(dian),沒有理它,繼續往(wang)(wang)前走。太陽快落山時,武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)來到一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)破(po)廟前,見廟門貼了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)張官府告示(shi),武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)讀后(hou),方知山上(shang)(shang)真有虎(hu)(hu)(hu),待要回去住(zhu)(zhu)店(dian)(dian),怕店(dian)(dian)家笑話,又(you)(you)繼續向前走。由于酒力(li)(li)發作,便(bian)找(zhao)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)大(da)青石,仰身(shen)躺下,剛要入睡,忽聽一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陣狂(kuang)風呼嘯,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)眼(yan)睛(jing)上(shang)(shang)翹(qiao),額(e)頭白色(se)的(de)老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)朝武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)撲了(le)(le)(le)過(guo)(guo)來,武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)急(ji)忙一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)閃身(shen),躲(duo)在(zai)(zai)老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)背(bei)后(hou)。老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)縱身(shen),武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)又(you)(you)躲(duo)了(le)(le)(le)過(guo)(guo)去。老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)急(ji)了(le)(le)(le),大(da)吼一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聲,用尾巴向武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)來,武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)又(you)(you)急(ji)忙跳(tiao)開(kai),并趁猛(meng)(meng)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)轉身(shen)的(de)那一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)霎間(jian),舉(ju)起哨棒(bang),運足力(li)(li)氣(qi),朝虎(hu)(hu)(hu)頭猛(meng)(meng)打(da)下去。只(zhi)聽"咔嚓(ca)"一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聲,哨棒(bang)打(da)在(zai)(zai)樹枝上(shang)(shang)。老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)獸(shou)性大(da)發,又(you)(you)向武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)撲過(guo)(guo)來,武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)扔(reng)掉半(ban)截棒(bang),順(shun)勢騎在(zai)(zai)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)背(bei)上(shang)(shang),左手(shou)(shou)揪(jiu)住(zhu)(zhu)老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)頭上(shang)(shang)的(de)皮,右手(shou)(shou)猛(meng)(meng)擊虎(hu)(hu)(hu)頭,沒多久就(jiu)把老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)打(da)得眼(yan)、嘴、鼻、耳到處流血,趴在(zai)(zai)地上(shang)(shang)不(bu)能動彈。武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)怕老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)死(si),舉(ju)起半(ban)截哨棒(bang)又(you)(you)打(da)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陣,見那老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)確實沒氣(qi)了(le)(le)(le),才住(zhu)(zhu)手(shou)(shou)。從此武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)威名大(da)震。
施(shi)(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)(1296~1371),字肇(zhao)瑞,號子安,別號耐(nai)庵(an)。漢族,江(jiang)蘇興化白(bai)(bai)駒(ju)(ju)場人(ren)(ren)(ren)(一說浙(zhe)江(jiang)錢(qian)塘人(ren)(ren)(ren))。元(yuan)(yuan)末明初作(zuo)家(jia)。施(shi)(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)祖籍泰(tai)州海陵縣,住蘇州閶門(men)外施(shi)(shi)家(jia)巷,后(hou)(hou)(hou)遷居當(dang)時興化縣白(bai)(bai)駒(ju)(ju)場(今江(jiang)蘇省大豐市白(bai)(bai)駒(ju)(ju)鎮(zhen))。施(shi)(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)自幼聰明好(hao)學,元(yuan)(yuan)延(yan)祐元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1314年(nian)(nian)(nian))考中(zhong)秀才,泰(tai)定(ding)(ding)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1324年(nian)(nian)(nian))中(zhong)舉人(ren)(ren)(ren),至順二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1331年(nian)(nian)(nian))登進士(shi)(shi)。不久任錢(qian)塘縣尹,因替窮人(ren)(ren)(ren)辯冤糾枉遭縣官(guan)的(de)(de)訓斥,遂(sui)(sui)辭(ci)官(guan)回家(jia)。元(yuan)(yuan)至正(zheng)十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1353年(nian)(nian)(nian)),白(bai)(bai)駒(ju)(ju)場鹽民張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)等十(shi)(shi)八(ba)名壯士(shi)(shi)率壯丁起義(yi)反(fan)元(yuan)(yuan)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)敬(jing)其(qi)文韜武略,再三(san)邀請他為(wei)軍幕(mu),施(shi)(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)抱著建造(zao)“王道樂所”的(de)(de)宏遠(yuan)計劃欣然前往,為(wei)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)獻了(le)許多(duo)攻(gong)城奪地的(de)(de)計策。后(hou)(hou)(hou)因張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)居功(gong)自傲,獨斷專行,親信佞(ning)臣,疏遠(yuan)忠良,施(shi)(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)幾次(ci)諫勸,張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)都不予采納,于(yu)是憤然離開(kai)平(ping)江(jiang),并(bing)作(zuo)《秋(qiu)江(jiang)送別》套曲贈予同在(zai)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幕(mu)的(de)(de)魯淵、劉亮等人(ren)(ren)(ren)。此后(hou)(hou)(hou),浪跡江(jiang)湖,替人(ren)(ren)(ren)醫病解難。后(hou)(hou)(hou)入江(jiang)陰(yin)祝(zhu)塘財主徐騏家(jia)中(zhong)坐(zuo)館,除(chu)了(le)教書以外,還與拜(bai)他為(wei)師的(de)(de)羅貫中(zhong)一起研究《三(san)國(guo)演義(yi)》《三(san)遂(sui)(sui)平(ping)妖傳》的(de)(de)創(chuang)作(zuo),搜集(ji)、整理關(guan)于(yu)梁山泊宋江(jiang)等英雄(xiong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)物的(de)(de)故事,為(wei)撰寫《江(jiang)湖豪(hao)客(ke)傳》準備(bei)素材(cai)。至正(zheng)二十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1367年(nian)(nian)(nian)),朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋滅張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou),到處偵查張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)部屬(shu)。為(wei)避免麻煩,施(shi)(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)征求興化好(hao)友顧逖的(de)(de)意見,在(zai)白(bai)(bai)駒(ju)(ju)修了(le)房屋,從此隱居不出,專心于(yu)《江(jiang)湖豪(hao)客(ke)傳》的(de)(de)創(chuang)作(zuo)。《江(jiang)湖豪(hao)客(ke)傳》成書后(hou)(hou)(hou),定(ding)(ding)為(wei)《水滸(hu)傳》。
明初洪(hong)武(wu)年間,梧塍徐(xu)氏(shi)九世(shi)徐(xu)麒(qi)(qi)(徐(xu)霞客高祖)以布衣承詔出使四川,功成辭官回到(dao)故里,名揚一時。徐(xu)麒(qi)(qi)請蘇州(zhou)(一說(shuo)為錢塘即杭州(zhou))隱(yin)士施(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵到(dao)家里當私塾先生。施(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵就住在祝塘鎮(zhen)環境(jing)幽美的大宅里,邊(bian)教(jiao)書邊(bian)寫作《水滸傳》,當地人都尊(zun)稱(cheng)他為“耐(nai)(nai)庵公"。
武(wu)松(song)景(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)打(da)虎,寫得栩栩如生。據說當時(shi)施耐(nai)庵不過是到大宅里村后(hou)的后(hou)陽(yang)崗(gang)散步,見有條黃(huang)狗(gou)(gou)睡在松(song)樹下,一名莊丁武(wu)阿二把(ba)黃(huang)狗(gou)(gou)打(da)跑了。施耐(nai)庵回家便以此為(wei)原型進行創作,把(ba)后(hou)陽(yang)崗(gang)改作景(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang),黃(huang)狗(gou)(gou)變成吊睛白額虎,武(wu)阿二成了武(wu)松(song)。
景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)位于(yu)陽(yang)谷縣城東(dong)16公里(li)張秋鎮境(jing)內(nei)(nei)。傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《水(shui)滸(hu)傳》中(zhong)描述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)處,也是龍山文化(hua)城遺址(zhi)所在(zai)地(di)。總占地(di)面(mian)積33.3公頃,其中(zhong)水(shui)面(mian)10公頃。景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)沙(sha)丘起伏,莽草(cao)叢生,林蔭蔽日(ri),一(yi)派(pai)荒(huang)野景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)象。其主要景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點有(you)(you)(you)三碗不(bu)過(guo)岡(gang)酒店、鄉民告(gao)示處、縣衙(ya)告(gao)示處、山神(shen)廟(miao)(miao)、武(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)處、石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)、虎(hu)(hu)嘯亭(ting)(ting)、武(wu)(wu)松(song)廟(miao)(miao)、湖心(xin)島(dao)、釣(diao)魚臺、碑(bei)(bei)(bei)林、虎(hu)(hu)池、猴山、鹿苑(yuan)、箭場等(deng)20余處。“武(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)處”石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南宋時期所立(li)。山神(shen)廟(miao)(miao):已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)200余年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史,共3間,建在(zai)長(chang)30米、寬25米、高4米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土臺上,坐北(bei)朝南,青磚灰(hui)瓦(wa)。廟(miao)(miao)內(nei)(nei)塑有(you)(you)(you)武(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)造像(xiang)。廟(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左前(qian)(qian)方立(li)有(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)中(zhong)共山東(dong)省委(wei)書(shu)(shu)記舒同題(ti)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)”石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei),右前(qian)(qian)方立(li)有(you)(you)(you)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)書(shu)(shu)法家(jia)楊萱庭書(shu)(shu)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高3米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“虎(hu)(hu)”字碑(bei)(bei)(bei)。虎(hu)(hu)嘯亭(ting)(ting):位于(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)西(xi)部,六角單(dan)檐,由徐悲鴻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夫人、書(shu)(shu)法家(jia)廖靜文題(ti)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。碑(bei)(bei)(bei)林:在(zai)山神(shen)廟(miao)(miao)以北(bei)。因武(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故事廣為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)流(liu)傳,故到(dao)(dao)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)參觀(guan)旅游的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學術(shu)界名(ming)(ming)(ming)人大都在(zai)此題(ti)詞、賦(fu)詩、作(zuo)(zuo)書(shu)(shu)、繪畫。有(you)(you)(you)關人員整理后,刻石(shi)立(li)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)。多(duo)年(nian)積累,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)林漸成規模(mo),到(dao)(dao)2001年(nian)底(di),有(you)(you)(you)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻46碣(jie)。武(wu)(wu)松(song)廟(miao)(miao):在(zai)北(bei)岡(gang)之巔。門匾(bian)額“武(wu)(wu)松(song)廟(miao)(miao)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)趙樸初所書(shu)(shu)。園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)東(dong)亭(ting)(ting)內(nei)(nei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)處碑(bei)(bei)(bei),西(xi)亭(ting)(ting)內(nei)(nei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)新鑄大鐘。大殿(dian)(dian)系五開間三進深歇(xie)山式建筑(zhu)。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)正中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武(wu)(wu)松(song)塑像(xiang),像(xiang)上懸“勛業(ye)昭彰(zhang)”四字匾(bian)。墻內(nei)(nei)飾有(you)(you)(you)國家(jia)一(yi)級(ji)美術(shu)師和民間藝(yi)術(shu)家(jia)合作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)幅木質彩刻壁畫。“武(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)”浮雕石(shi)像(xiang):佇立(li)在(zai)山岡(gang)前(qian)(qian)。由著名(ming)(ming)(ming)畫家(jia)劉(liu)繼卣創作(zuo)(zuo)。象征著除(chu)暴安良、見義(yi)勇為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)(wu)松(song)精神(shen)。“天下(xia)第一(yi)虎(hu)(hu)”石(shi):位于(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)南部,傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)死(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那只老虎(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)身(shen)。“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)春(chun)曉(xiao)”石(shi):位于(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)南端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)塊神(shen)奇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨石(shi),它形體美妙(miao),正看如一(yi)“山”字。上刻著名(ming)(ming)(ming)書(shu)(shu)法家(jia)劉(liu)藝(yi)所書(shu)(shu)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)春(chun)曉(xiao)”四字。