宣(xuan)姜,生卒年不(bu)詳,齊僖公(gong)之女,衛宣(xuan)公(gong)的(de)(de)夫人(ren),姜姓。宣(xuan)姜的(de)(de)宣(xuan)字說(shuo)明他是衛宣(xuan)公(gong)的(de)(de)夫人(ren)。其女兒為宋桓公(gong)夫人(ren)、許穆夫人(ren)。
衛(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)本來為(wei)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(急子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi))娶(qu)妻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),把宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)姜迎娶(qu)到衛(wei)國。衛(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)見宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)姜是(shi)個美人(ren),就趁急子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)出使鄭(zheng)國的(de)機會(hui),自(zi)己把宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)姜娶(qu)為(wei)自(zi)己的(de)夫人(ren),之(zhi)后(hou)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)姜生下公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)壽、公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)兩個兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)欲奪太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)位,便誣告(gao)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋陰(yin)謀不軌(gui)。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)想廢黜太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋,立(li)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)壽為(wei)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),于是(shi)派太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋出使齊(qi)國,派人(ren)冒充盜賊在半路(lu)殺(sha)了他(ta)。
宣姜讓長子(zi)(zi)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)壽密告太(tai)子(zi)(zi)伋(ji),勸(quan)他(ta)(ta)逃離(li)外國。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)伋(ji)拒絕了,公(gong)子(zi)(zi)壽只好(hao)在太(tai)子(zi)(zi)伋(ji)船上請他(ta)(ta)飲酒(jiu),他(ta)(ta)想代替(ti)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)伋(ji)受死。他(ta)(ta)持白旄到了衛國邊境莘地。盜(dao)賊見到白旄以為他(ta)(ta)就(jiu)是太(tai)子(zi)(zi)伋(ji),于是殺了公(gong)子(zi)(zi)壽。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)伋(ji)酒(jiu)醒了,看到一旁弟(di)弟(di)的尸體,大(da)哭:“所(suo)當(dang)殺乃我也。”盜(dao)賊又(you)殺了太(tai)子(zi)(zi)伋(ji)。
宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兩個兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)都死(si)了(le),只好立公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔為(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。次(ci)年(nian)(前700年(nian)),宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)薨(hong)逝,太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔即位(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。衛(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即位(wei)(wei)后,地(di)位(wei)(wei)非常不(bu)穩固。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋和(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)壽各有黨(dang)羽,他們(men)時(shi)刻想為(wei)(wei)兩位(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)報仇,于(yu)是不(bu)久(jiu)發動政(zheng)變(bian),趕走了(le)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),立公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋之弟黔牟為(wei)(wei)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)國(guo)君。后來衛(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)從齊(qi)國(guo)搬(ban)兵,齊(qi)軍攻下衛(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo),趕走衛(wei)(wei)(wei)君黔牟,殺掉(diao)了(le)叛亂的(de)(de)右公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)職和(he)(he)左公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)泄(xie),衛(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)再次(ci)上臺。但是衛(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)國(guo)內兩公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)黨(dang)羽勢力仍然很強。為(wei)(wei)了(le)安撫衛(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)國(guo)人(ren)和(he)(he)兩公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)勢力,齊(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出了(le)一個餿主意,作主把宣姜改嫁公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋的(de)(de)弟弟公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)頑(wan)(衛(wei)(wei)(wei)昭伯),生三子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)二女:齊(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、衛(wei)(wei)(wei)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、衛(wei)(wei)(wei)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋桓(huan)夫人(ren)、許穆夫人(ren)。
另(ling)衛襄公正夫人(ren)亦稱宣姜,二(er)女(nv)非(fei)一人(ren)。
1996年電視(shi)劇《東(dong)周列國(guo)·春秋(qiu)篇》(第四集筑臺納(na)媳(xi)):蔣竹青(qing)飾演(yan)宣姜。
劉向:“衛之宣姜,謀危(wei)太子,欲立子壽,陰設力士。壽乃俱死,衛果危(wei)殆(dai),五(wu)世不寧,亂由(you)姜起(qi)。”
父親
齊僖公
兄弟姐妹
兄弟
齊襄公
齊桓公
公子糾
公子彭生
姐妹
文姜,嫁魯桓公
丈夫
第一任丈夫:衛宣公(gong)
第二任丈夫:衛昭(zhao)伯(bo)(又稱公子頑(wan),衛宣公庶長子)
子女
兒子
公子壽,與衛宣公所生長子
衛惠(hui)公(gong),與衛宣公(gong)所生次子
齊子,與(yu)衛昭伯所生(sheng)長子
衛(wei)戴公(gong),與衛(wei)昭伯所生次子(zi)
衛文(wen)公(gong),與衛昭伯所生三子
女兒
宋桓夫人,與(yu)衛昭(zhao)伯所生長(chang)女,嫁(jia)宋桓公。
許(xu)穆(mu)夫人(ren),與衛昭(zhao)伯所(suo)生(sheng)次女,嫁許(xu)穆(mu)公。
史籍
《左(zuo)傳》桓公十六年(nian)
《史(shi)記·卷三十七·衛康叔世家第七》
《列女傳·卷之(zhi)七·孽嬖(bi)傳》
《太平御覽(lan)·儀(yi)式部·卷一》
詩經
和詩
君子偕老之妻,
成禮冠冕六珈。
禮服描龍繡鳳,
裙幅山水逶迤。
華服法天象地,
最與身份得宜。
如果其人不淑,
那就不成樣子。
伊人亭亭玉立,
花容月貌羽衣。
一頭如云青絲,
不屑假發襯底。
耳中美玉耳鐺,
頭上象牙搔頭,
肌膚如玉白皙。
堪稱天仙下凡,
宛然降臨帝子。
伊人明艷靚麗,
家居展衣便服。
素絲蒙著霧綃,
紈裳輕紗微露。
但見眉目如畫,
容顏如花似玉。
如此儀態萬方,
足稱名媛國母。
《詩經·邶風·新臺》將(jiang)衛宣公比(bi)做丑陋的癩(lai)蛤(ha)蟆,道(dao):
新臺有泚,河(he)水彌(mi)(mi)彌(mi)(mi)。燕(yan)婉之求,籧篨不鮮。
新(xin)臺有(you)灑(sa),河水浼浼。燕婉(wan)之求(qiu),籧(qu)篨不殄(tian)。
魚網之(zhi)(zhi)設(she),鴻則離之(zhi)(zhi)。燕婉之(zhi)(zhi)求,得此戚施。
宣(xuan)姜為衛宣(xuan)公生了兩個兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),壽(shou)和(he)朔.壽(shou)是溫潤(run)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),但朔妒忌公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)壽(shou)與伋子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交好。在父母親面前屢(lv)屢(lv)進言中(zhong)傷(shang)伋子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi).衛宣(xuan)公聽信讒(chan)言,假意將伋子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)派(pai)去出使他國,暗中(zhong)讓刺客埋(mai)伏在必(bi)經的(de)河岸邊,見到伋子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)持(chi)象(xiang)征使節(jie)的(de)旗(qi)便殺掉持(chi)旗(qi)之人。
公子壽得知父(fu)母和弟(di)弟(di)的(de)(de)陰(yin)謀(mou),忙(mang)向兄長通(tong)風報信,但伋子從宣(xuan)姜(jiang)來到衛國(guo)(guo)以后就看透了(le),不想逃離衛國(guo)(guo).壽無可奈可,為了(le)保全(quan)伋子,假意與(yu)之餞行,將(jiang)其(qi)灌醉,手持旗扮成使者,在河(he)渡邊上被(bei)刺(ci)客(ke)殺害.伋子醒來后,非常(chang)著急,立(li)即(ji)趕往(wang)河(he)邊。他趴在壽的(de)(de)尸體上大哭,對(dui)刺(ci)客(ke)承認自(zi)己的(de)(de)身(shen)份,讓刺(ci)客(ke)把自(zi)己殺了(le),也倒在了(le)弟(di)弟(di)的(de)(de)身(shen)旁。
衛宣公(gong)連折二子后不(bu)久(jiu)(jiu)去世,公(gong)子朔即(ji)位為(wei)國君(jun),史稱衛惠公(gong).即(ji)位不(bu)久(jiu)(jiu)國內發生(sheng)政變,他(ta)逃到了母親的(de)娘家(jia)齊國.
宣姜后被迫(po)嫁(jia)與衛宣公(gong)(gong)另一個兒子(zi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)頑,生了子(zi)女(nv)五(wu)人:公(gong)(gong)子(zi)齊子(zi)、衛戴公(gong)(gong)、衛文(wen)公(gong)(gong)、宋桓(huan)夫(fu)人、許穆夫(fu)人.
此后(hou)詩經中多次(ci)提及宣姜:
詩經·君子偕老
君子(zi)偕老,副笄六珈,委委佗佗,如(ru)(ru)山如(ru)(ru)河(he),象服是宜,子(zi)之不淑,云如(ru)(ru)之何。
玼兮玼兮,其之翟(zhai)也(ye),鬒發如云,不屑髢也(ye),玉之瑱也(ye),象之揥也(ye),揚(yang)且(qie)之晳也(ye),胡然而天也(ye),胡然而帝也(ye)。
瑳兮(xi)瑳兮(xi),其(qi)之(zhi)展也(ye)(ye),蒙彼縐絺(chi),是紲袢也(ye)(ye),子之(zhi)清揚,揚且之(zhi)顏也(ye)(ye),展如之(zhi)人兮(xi),邦之(zhi)媛(yuan)也(ye)(ye)。
此詩為世人不理解宣(xuan)姜真正的(de)內心,諷刺宣(xuan)姜放(fang)蕩。