宣(xuan)姜,生(sheng)卒年不(bu)詳,齊僖公(gong)之女(nv),衛宣(xuan)公(gong)的夫(fu)(fu)人(ren),姜姓。宣(xuan)姜的宣(xuan)字說明他(ta)是衛宣(xuan)公(gong)的夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)。其女(nv)兒為(wei)宋桓(huan)公(gong)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)、許穆夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)。
衛宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)本來(lai)為太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(急子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi))娶(qu)妻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),把宣(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)迎娶(qu)到衛國。衛宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)見宣(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)個美人(ren),就趁急子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)出使鄭國的(de)機會,自(zi)己把宣(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)娶(qu)為自(zi)己的(de)夫(fu)人(ren),之(zhi)后宣(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)生下(xia)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)壽、公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)兩個兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)欲奪太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)位,便誣告(gao)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)陰(yin)謀不軌。宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)想廢(fei)黜太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji),立(li)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)壽為太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),于是(shi)派太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)出使齊國,派人(ren)冒充(chong)盜賊在半路殺了他。
宣(xuan)姜讓(rang)長子(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)壽(shou)密(mi)告太子(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)(ji),勸他逃離外國(guo)。太子(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)(ji)拒絕了(le),公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)壽(shou)只好在太子(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)上請他飲酒,他想代替太子(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)(ji)受死。他持白旄到了(le)衛國(guo)邊境莘地。盜賊(zei)見到白旄以為他就是太子(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)(ji),于是殺了(le)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)壽(shou)。太子(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)(ji)酒醒了(le),看到一旁弟(di)弟(di)的尸體(ti),大哭:“所當殺乃(nai)我也。”盜賊(zei)又殺了(le)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)伋(ji)(ji)(ji)。
宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兩個兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)都死(si)了(le),只(zhi)好立公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)(shuo)為(wei)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。次(ci)年(前700年),宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)薨(hong)逝,太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)(shuo)即位(wei)為(wei)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即位(wei)后(hou),地(di)位(wei)非常不(bu)穩(wen)固(gu)。太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋和(he)(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)壽各有(you)黨羽,他(ta)們時刻(ke)想為(wei)兩位(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)報仇,于是不(bu)久發動政變,趕走(zou)了(le)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),立公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋之弟(di)黔牟為(wei)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)國(guo)君(jun)(jun)。后(hou)來衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)從齊(qi)國(guo)搬兵,齊(qi)軍攻(gong)下衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo),趕走(zou)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)黔牟,殺掉了(le)叛亂的(de)(de)(de)右公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)職和(he)(he)(he)左公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)泄,衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)再次(ci)上臺。但是衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)國(guo)內兩公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)黨羽勢(shi)力仍然(ran)很強。為(wei)了(le)安撫衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)國(guo)人和(he)(he)(he)兩公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)勢(shi)力,齊(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出了(le)一個餿(sou)主意(yi),作主把宣(xuan)姜改嫁公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伋的(de)(de)(de)弟(di)弟(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)頑(衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭伯(bo)),生三子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)二女:齊(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、衛(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋桓夫人、許穆夫人。
另(ling)衛襄公(gong)正夫人亦稱宣(xuan)姜,二(er)女(nv)非(fei)一(yi)人。
1996年電視劇《東周列國(guo)·春秋篇(pian)》(第四集筑臺納媳):蔣竹青(qing)飾(shi)演宣姜(jiang)。
劉(liu)向:“衛之宣姜,謀危太子(zi),欲立子(zi)壽,陰(yin)設力士(shi)。壽乃俱死,衛果危殆(dai),五世不寧,亂由姜起。”
父親
齊僖公
兄弟姐妹
兄弟
齊襄公
齊桓公
公子糾
公子彭生
姐妹
文姜,嫁魯桓公
丈夫
第一(yi)任丈夫:衛宣公
第(di)二(er)任丈夫:衛昭伯(又稱公(gong)子頑(wan),衛宣公(gong)庶(shu)長子)
子女
兒子
公子(zi)壽,與衛宣公所(suo)生長子(zi)
衛(wei)惠公(gong),與衛(wei)宣公(gong)所生次(ci)子
齊子,與衛(wei)昭(zhao)伯所生長子
衛(wei)戴公,與衛(wei)昭伯所生次子
衛(wei)文公(gong),與衛(wei)昭伯所(suo)生三子
女兒
宋桓夫(fu)人,與衛昭伯(bo)所生(sheng)長女,嫁宋桓公(gong)。
許穆夫(fu)人,與衛昭伯所(suo)生次女,嫁許穆公。
史籍
《左(zuo)傳》桓(huan)公十六(liu)年
《史記·卷三十(shi)七·衛康叔世家第七》
《列女傳·卷之七·孽嬖(bi)傳》
《太平御覽·儀式部·卷一(yi)》
詩經
和詩
君子偕老之妻,
成禮冠冕六珈。
禮服描龍繡鳳,
裙幅山水逶迤。
華服法天象地,
最與身份得宜。
如果其人不淑,
那就不成樣子。
伊人亭亭玉立,
花容月貌羽衣。
一頭如云青絲,
不屑假發襯底。
耳中美玉耳鐺,
頭上象牙搔頭,
肌膚如玉白皙。
堪稱天仙下凡,
宛然降臨帝子。
伊人明艷靚麗,
家居展衣便服。
素絲蒙著霧綃,
紈裳輕紗微露。
但見眉目如畫,
容顏如花似玉。
如此儀態萬方,
足稱名媛國母。
《詩經·邶風·新臺(tai)》將(jiang)衛(wei)宣(xuan)公比做丑陋的癩蛤蟆,道:
新臺有(you)泚,河水彌(mi)彌(mi)。燕婉之(zhi)求(qiu),籧篨不鮮。
新臺有(you)灑,河水浼(mei)(mei)浼(mei)(mei)。燕婉之求(qiu),籧篨不殄。
魚網(wang)之設,鴻則離之。燕婉之求,得(de)此戚施。
宣(xuan)姜為衛(wei)宣(xuan)公生了(le)兩個(ge)兒(er)子,壽(shou)和(he)朔.壽(shou)是溫潤君子,但朔妒忌公子壽(shou)與伋子交好。在父(fu)母親面前屢屢進言(yan)中傷伋子.衛(wei)宣(xuan)公聽信讒(chan)言(yan),假意將(jiang)伋子派(pai)去出使(shi)他國(guo),暗中讓刺(ci)客埋伏在必經(jing)的河岸(an)邊,見到伋子所持象征使(shi)節的旗便(bian)殺掉(diao)持旗之(zhi)人。
公(gong)子(zi)壽得知(zhi)父(fu)母和弟弟的(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)謀,忙向兄(xiong)長通(tong)風報信,但伋子(zi)從宣姜來到衛國以后就(jiu)看透(tou)了(le),不想(xiang)逃離(li)衛國.壽無(wu)可奈可,為了(le)保全伋子(zi),假意與之餞(jian)行,將(jiang)其灌醉,手持旗扮(ban)成(cheng)使者,在河渡邊(bian)上(shang)被刺客(ke)殺(sha)(sha)害.伋子(zi)醒來后,非常著(zhu)急,立即趕往河邊(bian)。他趴(pa)在壽的(de)(de)(de)尸(shi)體上(shang)大哭,對刺客(ke)承認自己的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)份,讓(rang)刺客(ke)把自己殺(sha)(sha)了(le),也(ye)倒在了(le)弟弟的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)旁。
衛(wei)宣公連折二子后不(bu)久去世,公子朔即位(wei)為(wei)國(guo)君,史稱衛(wei)惠公.即位(wei)不(bu)久國(guo)內(nei)發生政變,他(ta)逃到(dao)了母親的娘(niang)家(jia)齊國(guo).
宣姜后(hou)被迫嫁與衛(wei)宣公另一個兒子(zi)(zi)公子(zi)(zi)頑,生了(le)子(zi)(zi)女五人:公子(zi)(zi)齊子(zi)(zi)、衛(wei)戴公、衛(wei)文公、宋桓夫(fu)人、許穆夫(fu)人.
此后詩經中多次(ci)提(ti)及宣姜:
詩經·君子偕老
君子偕(xie)老,副笄(ji)六珈,委委佗佗,如(ru)山如(ru)河,象(xiang)服是宜,子之(zhi)不淑,云如(ru)之(zhi)何。
玼(ci)兮(xi)玼(ci)兮(xi),其(qi)之翟也(ye),鬒發如云,不屑髢也(ye),玉之瑱(tian)也(ye),象之揥也(ye),揚且之晳也(ye),胡然(ran)而(er)天(tian)也(ye),胡然(ran)而(er)帝也(ye)。
瑳兮瑳兮,其之(zhi)展也(ye),蒙彼縐絺,是紲(xie)袢也(ye),子之(zhi)清揚,揚且之(zhi)顏也(ye),展如之(zhi)人(ren)兮,邦(bang)之(zhi)媛也(ye)。
此詩為世人(ren)不(bu)理解宣姜真正的內心,諷刺宣姜放蕩。