大狐姓氏(shi)作(zuo)為中國為數不多的稀有姓氏(shi)之一(yi),它(ta)的淵源、遷徙(xi)、分布(bu)都是有史可循(xun),有據可查的!
單一(yi)淵源(yuan)(yuan):源(yuan)(yuan)于姬(ji)姓(xing),出(chu)自(zi)春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)晉(jin)(jin)國大夫(fu)狐(hu)(hu)突(tu)(tu),屬于以先祖名字為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)。大狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi),為(wei)(wei)春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)晉(jin)(jin)國很(hen)早即出(chu)現的(de)姓(xing)氏(shi)。宋朝(chao)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)著(zhu)(zhu)名學(xue)者鄧名世在(zai)(zai)《古今姓(xing)氏(shi)書辯證·去·十(shi)四(si)泰》中記(ji)載:“大狐(hu)(hu),出(chu)自(zi)姬(ji)姓(xing)。晉(jin)(jin)大夫(fu)狐(hu)(hu)突(tu)(tu),字伯行,文(wen)公重(zhong)耳外祖父(fu)也,生(sheng)毛(mao)及(ji)偃(yan),毛(mao)生(sheng)溱,皆為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)(jin)卿,別為(wei)(wei)大狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi)。”姓(xing)氏(shi)學(xue)界一(yi)般(ban)認(ren)為(wei)(wei),大狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi)本姓(xing)姬(ji),因其先祖被分封在(zai)(zai)狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi)大戎(rong)(今山西(xi)交城一(yi)帶(dai)),故改姬(ji)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)大狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi)。在(zai)(zai)史籍(ji)《左傳》中記(ji)載,后(hou)來晉(jin)(jin)獻公姬(ji)佹諸(公元前(qian)676~前(qian)651年在(zai)(zai)位(wei))“又娶二(er)女(nv)于戎(rong),大戎(rong)狐(hu)(hu)姬(ji)生(sheng)重(zhong)耳,小戎(rong)子生(sheng)夷吾”。漢朝(chao)著(zhu)(zhu)名的(de)史學(xue)家司(si)馬遷也認(ren)為(wei)(wei),“重(zhong)耳母,翟(zhai)(zhai)之狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi)女(nv)也”。不過,當時(shi)也有其他民族(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)姬(ji)姓(xing)的(de),那么(me)狐(hu)(hu)突(tu)(tu)的(de)祖上是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)姓(xing)姬(ji)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)姓(xing)狐(hu)(hu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)土著(zhu)(zhu)民族(zu)(zu)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宗周后(hou)裔?如果是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)自(zi)土著(zhu)(zhu)民族(zu)(zu),那么(me)到(dao)底是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)戎(rong)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)翟(zhai)(zhai)?均已渺茫難考了(le)。山西(xi),為(wei)(wei)上古唐“帝堯初(chu)都”之地,又是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夏王朝(chao)統治(zhi)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)根據地,但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)了(le)商末西(xi)周初(chu),該(gai)地區已經基本上是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)戎(rong)、翟(zhai)(zhai)(狄)、氐、羌(qiang)諸民族(zu)(zu)出(chu)沒游牧的(de)地方了(le)。
據史籍(ji)《左傳·定公四年》中的(de)(de)(de)(de)記載,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)成王姬(ji)誦“分唐(tang)叔(叔虞(yu))以大路,密須之鼓,闕鞏(gong),沽洗,懷(huai)姓(xing)九宗,職官五正(zheng)(zheng)。命以《唐(tang)誥》,而封(feng)(feng)于(yu)夏(xia)虛,啟以夏(xia)政,疆(jiang)以戎索(suo)。”這(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)“啟以夏(xia)政,疆(jiang)以戎索(suo)”,實際上是就晉(jin)國(guo)在建國(guo)初期的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本治國(guo)方略,就是在中央政權的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)上,堅(jian)持周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王朝(chao)比較先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)政治制度(du),但是在地域管理方面(mian)又遵循和順應當(dang)地各個游(you)牧(mu)民族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風俗(su)。在晉(jin)國(guo)建立初期,真正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宗周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)貴族(zu)是不多的(de)(de)(de)(de),姬(ji)叔虞(yu)當(dang)時只帶(dai)去了“懷(huai)姓(xing)九宗,職官五正(zheng)(zheng)”等少量姬(ji)姓(xing)族(zu)人以及一(yi)軍(jun)之卒(凡制軍(jun),萬(wan)有二(er)千五百人為一(yi)軍(jun)),晉(jin)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大部分國(guo)人還是當(dang)地土著居(ju)民。事實上,在整個春秋時期,各諸侯國(guo)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)晉(jin)國(guo)“胡”風一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)是很濃厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de),從西周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)初期受封(feng)(feng)于(yu)唐(tang)邑,后改(gai)唐(tang)為晉(jin),建立晉(jin)國(guo),晉(jin)國(guo)人與周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各個民族(zu)通商、通婚的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)就十分普遍(bian),就連國(guo)君也(ye)不例外,這(zhe)與燕國(guo)、秦國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)大體相同。
大狐(hu)氏(shi),歷(li)(li)代皆為晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)重(zhong)臣,傳到歷(li)(li)晉(jin)(jin)文公(gong)(gong)姬(ji)重(zhong)耳(er)(公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)636~前(qian)(qian)628年(nian)在位)、晉(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)姬(ji)歡(huan)(姬(ji)環,公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)627~前(qian)(qian)621年(nian)在位)、晉(jin)(jin)靈公(gong)(gong)姬(ji)夷皋(gao)(公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)620~前(qian)(qian)607年(nian)在位)三朝(chao)、史稱晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)“股(gu)肱”的(de)大狐(hu)射姑以(yi)后,因其(qi)封地在賈(jia)(今山西臨汾(fen)),其(qi)后裔子孫大多(duo)省文簡改(gai)為單姓狐(hu)氏(shi)、賈(jia)氏(shi),大狐(hu)氏(shi)復姓就此在歷(li)(li)史上基本消失了。如今,僅在浙江省西南部麗水(shui)地區還(huan)有極其(qi)稀(xi)少的(de)復姓大狐(hu)氏(shi)族人,仍以(yi)平陽(今山西臨汾(fen))為郡(jun)望。
大狐(hu)突(tu)(姬狐(hu)突(tu))。
平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽郡(jun):亦稱臨(lin)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)郡(jun)。歷史上的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽郡(jun)有(you)二(er):①即(ji)(ji)今(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)臨(lin)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)市。西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢初年(nian)(nian)(己亥,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前202年(nian)(nian))置(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽縣(xian)(xian),治(zhi)(zhi)所在平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen)(fen)(fen))。三國時(shi)(shi)(shi)期曹(cao)魏國正(zheng)始(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(丁(ding)卯,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)247年(nian)(nian)),將河東郡(jun)分出一部分與平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽縣(xian)(xian)合并,設(she)置(zhi)為平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽郡(jun),治(zhi)(zhi)所亦在平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)),其時(shi)(shi)(shi)轄地(di)(di)(di)在今(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藿(huo)縣(xian)(xian)以南的(de)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)河流域及(ji)其以西(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)區,境內為司州(zhou)(zhou)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽郡(jun),轄十(shi)縣(xian)(xian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期仍為平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽郡(jun),轄十(shi)二(er)縣(xian)(xian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)永(yong)嘉(jia)三年(nian)(nian)(己巳,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)309年(nian)(nian))初,匈奴(nu)人劉淵自蒲(pu)子城(cheng)(cheng)(隰縣(xian)(xian))遷都平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽,稱帝建漢,境內屬(shu)之。東晉(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)先后屬(shu)并州(zhou)(zhou)、雍州(zhou)(zhou)和冀州(zhou)(zhou);北魏時(shi)(shi)(shi)境內為東雍州(zhou)(zhou),轄七郡(jun)二(er)十(shi)縣(xian)(xian);北魏神鹿元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(戊(wu)辰(chen),公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)428年(nian)(nian))始(shi)筑白馬城(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)),因魏刑白馬祭祀(si)天地(di)(di)(di)神靈筑城(cheng)(cheng)而名(ming)。孝昌二(er)年(nian)(nian)改置(zhi)唐(tang)州(zhou)(zhou),治(zhi)(zhi)所在平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽故城(cheng)(cheng)(劉村);北魏建義元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(戊(wu)申,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)528年(nian)(nian))改稱晉(jin)(jin)州(zhou)(zhou),移治(zhi)(zhi)自馬城(cheng)(cheng),與郡(jun)縣(xian)(xian)同治(zhi)(zhi),沿(yan)用至今(jin)。②即(ji)(ji)今(jin)山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)鄒城(cheng)(cheng)市。鄒城(cheng)(cheng)在春秋戰國時(shi)(shi)(shi)期古(gu)稱平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽,是“鄒魯圣(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)”,為中國儒學(xue)發源地(di)(di)(di)。夏王朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期屬(shu)九州(zhou)(zhou)徐州(zhou)(zhou)之域,秦(qin)朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期開始(shi)設(she)置(zhi)“騶縣(xian)(xian)”,歷漢、晉(jin)(jin)、南北朝(chao),及(ji)唐(tang)朝(chao)初期改“騶”為“鄒”,稱“鄒縣(xian)(xian)”,沿(yan)襲至1992年(nian)(nian)10月,撤(che)縣(xian)(xian)設(she)市,稱鄒城(cheng)(cheng)市。大(da)狐(hu)氏的(de)郡(jun)望為①即(ji)(ji)今(jin)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen)(fen)(fen)。
平陽堂:以望(wang)立堂。
大(da)狐氏(shi)(shi)(shi)復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)是一個非常(chang)古老的(de)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),但在今中國大(da)陸(lu)的(de)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)排行(xing)榜上未(wei)列入百家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)前一千位(wei),在臺灣省(sheng)則沒有。今浙江省(sheng)西(xi)南部的(de)麗水地區,有零(ling)星大(da)狐氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族人(ren)分布(bu),以平陽為(wei)郡(jun)望。人(ren)口總數不(bu)及一百,大(da)概(gai)屬于人(ren)口最稀少的(de)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)群體(ti)之一了。