大狐姓氏作為(wei)中國為(wei)數不多的(de)(de)稀(xi)有(you)姓氏之一,它(ta)的(de)(de)淵源、遷徙、分布都是有(you)史(shi)可(ke)循,有(you)據可(ke)查(cha)的(de)(de)!
單(dan)一(yi)淵源(yuan):源(yuan)于姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing),出(chu)(chu)自春(chun)秋時期晉(jin)國大(da)夫(fu)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突,屬(shu)于以(yi)先(xian)祖(zu)名(ming)字為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)(wei)春(chun)秋時期晉(jin)國很早即出(chu)(chu)現(xian)的(de)姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。宋朝時期著名(ming)學者鄧名(ming)世在《古(gu)今姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)書辯證·去·十四(si)泰》中記載:“大(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu),出(chu)(chu)自姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing)。晉(jin)大(da)夫(fu)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突,字伯行(xing),文(wen)公重耳外祖(zu)父也,生(sheng)(sheng)毛及偃,毛生(sheng)(sheng)溱(zhen),皆為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)卿,別為(wei)(wei)大(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。”姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)學界一(yi)般認為(wei)(wei),大(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)姓(xing)姬(ji)(ji),因其先(xian)祖(zu)被(bei)分(fen)封在狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)戎(rong)(rong)(今山西(xi)交城一(yi)帶),故改姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)大(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。在史籍《左傳》中記載,后來晉(jin)獻公姬(ji)(ji)佹諸(zhu)(公元前676~前651年在位)“又娶二女于戎(rong)(rong),大(da)戎(rong)(rong)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)姬(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)重耳,小戎(rong)(rong)子生(sheng)(sheng)夷吾”。漢朝著名(ming)的(de)史學家司馬遷(qian)也認為(wei)(wei),“重耳母(mu),翟(zhai)(zhai)之(zhi)(zhi)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)女也”。不過,當時也有其他民(min)族是姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing)的(de),那么(me)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突的(de)祖(zu)上是姓(xing)姬(ji)(ji)還(huan)(huan)是姓(xing)狐(hu)(hu)(hu),是土著民(min)族還(huan)(huan)是宗周后裔?如(ru)果(guo)是出(chu)(chu)自土著民(min)族,那么(me)到(dao)底是戎(rong)(rong)還(huan)(huan)是翟(zhai)(zhai)?均已渺茫難考了。山西(xi),為(wei)(wei)上古(gu)唐“帝堯初(chu)(chu)都”之(zhi)(zhi)地,又是夏(xia)王朝統治時期的(de)根據(ju)地,但是到(dao)了商(shang)末(mo)西(xi)周初(chu)(chu),該地區已經基本(ben)上是戎(rong)(rong)、翟(zhai)(zhai)(狄)、氐、羌諸(zhu)民(min)族出(chu)(chu)沒游牧的(de)地方了。
據史(shi)籍《左傳(chuan)·定公四(si)年》中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)記載,周(zhou)成王姬(ji)(ji)誦“分(fen)唐叔(叔虞)以(yi)大路,密須(xu)之鼓,闕鞏(gong),沽洗,懷姓九(jiu)宗,職官五正(zheng)。命(ming)以(yi)《唐誥》,而封(feng)于夏(xia)虛,啟以(yi)夏(xia)政(zheng),疆以(yi)戎(rong)(rong)索。”這(zhe)里的(de)“啟以(yi)夏(xia)政(zheng),疆以(yi)戎(rong)(rong)索”,實(shi)(shi)際上是(shi)就(jiu)晉(jin)國(guo)在(zai)建國(guo)初期的(de)根(gen)本(ben)治國(guo)方略,就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央政(zheng)權的(de)建設上,堅持周(zhou)王朝比(bi)較先進的(de)政(zheng)治制度,但是(shi)在(zai)地域管(guan)理方面又(you)遵循和順應當(dang)地各(ge)個游(you)牧(mu)民族(zu)的(de)風(feng)俗(su)。在(zai)晉(jin)國(guo)建立初期,真正(zheng)的(de)宗周(zhou)貴族(zu)是(shi)不(bu)多(duo)的(de),姬(ji)(ji)叔虞當(dang)時只(zhi)帶去了“懷姓九(jiu)宗,職官五正(zheng)”等(deng)少量姬(ji)(ji)姓族(zu)人以(yi)及(ji)一(yi)軍(jun)之卒(凡制軍(jun),萬有二千五百人為一(yi)軍(jun)),晉(jin)國(guo)的(de)大部(bu)分(fen)國(guo)人還是(shi)當(dang)地土著居民。事(shi)實(shi)(shi)上,在(zai)整個春秋時期,各(ge)諸侯國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)晉(jin)國(guo)“胡”風(feng)一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)很濃厚的(de),從西周(zhou)初期受封(feng)于唐邑,后(hou)改唐為晉(jin),建立晉(jin)國(guo),晉(jin)國(guo)人與(yu)周(zhou)邊的(de)各(ge)個民族(zu)通商、通婚的(de)現(xian)象一(yi)直(zhi)就(jiu)十分(fen)普遍,就(jiu)連國(guo)君也不(bu)例外,這(zhe)與(yu)燕國(guo)、秦(qin)國(guo)的(de)情況大體相同。
大(da)(da)狐(hu)氏(shi),歷(li)代皆為(wei)晉(jin)國(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)臣,傳到(dao)歷(li)晉(jin)文公(gong)姬(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)耳(公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)636~前(qian)628年(nian)(nian)在(zai)位)、晉(jin)襄公(gong)姬(ji)(ji)歡(姬(ji)(ji)環,公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)627~前(qian)621年(nian)(nian)在(zai)位)、晉(jin)靈公(gong)姬(ji)(ji)夷皋(公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)620~前(qian)607年(nian)(nian)在(zai)位)三朝、史稱(cheng)晉(jin)國(guo)“股肱”的大(da)(da)狐(hu)射(she)姑以后(hou),因其(qi)(qi)(qi)封(feng)地(di)在(zai)賈(今(jin)山西(xi)臨汾(fen)),其(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)裔子孫(sun)大(da)(da)多省文簡改為(wei)單姓(xing)狐(hu)氏(shi)、賈氏(shi),大(da)(da)狐(hu)氏(shi)復姓(xing)就此在(zai)歷(li)史上基本消失了。如今(jin),僅在(zai)浙江省西(xi)南部麗(li)水地(di)區還有極其(qi)(qi)(qi)稀少的復姓(xing)大(da)(da)狐(hu)氏(shi)族(zu)人,仍以平(ping)陽(今(jin)山西(xi)臨汾(fen))為(wei)郡望。
大狐(hu)突(姬狐(hu)突)。
平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun):亦稱(cheng)臨汾(fen)郡(jun)(jun)。歷史上(shang)的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)有(you)二:①即今山(shan)西(xi)省臨汾(fen)市(shi)。西(xi)漢初(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(己亥,公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)202年(nian)(nian)(nian))置(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian),治所(suo)(suo)在平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(今山(shan)西(xi)臨汾(fen))。三國(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)曹魏(wei)國(guo)正始(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(丁卯,公(gong)元(yuan)247年(nian)(nian)(nian)),將河東(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)分(fen)出一部(bu)分(fen)與平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)合(he)并(bing)(bing),設(she)置(zhi)為(wei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun),治所(suo)(suo)亦在平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(今山(shan)西(xi)臨汾(fen)),其時(shi)(shi)(shi)轄(xia)(xia)地(di)在今山(shan)西(xi)藿縣(xian)(xian)以南的(de)(de)汾(fen)河流域(yu)及其以西(xi)地(di)區(qu),境(jing)內為(wei)司州(zhou)(zhou)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun),轄(xia)(xia)十縣(xian)(xian)。西(xi)晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)仍為(wei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun),轄(xia)(xia)十二縣(xian)(xian)。西(xi)晉(jin)永嘉三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(己巳,公(gong)元(yuan)309年(nian)(nian)(nian))初(chu),匈奴人(ren)劉淵(yuan)自(zi)(zi)蒲子城(cheng)(隰縣(xian)(xian))遷(qian)都平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang),稱(cheng)帝建漢,境(jing)內屬之(zhi)。東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)先后屬并(bing)(bing)州(zhou)(zhou)、雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)和冀(ji)州(zhou)(zhou);北(bei)魏(wei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)境(jing)內為(wei)東(dong)(dong)雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou),轄(xia)(xia)七郡(jun)(jun)二十縣(xian)(xian);北(bei)魏(wei)神(shen)(shen)鹿元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(戊辰,公(gong)元(yuan)428年(nian)(nian)(nian))始(shi)筑白馬城(cheng)(今山(shan)西(xi)臨汾(fen)),因魏(wei)刑白馬祭(ji)祀(si)天地(di)神(shen)(shen)靈筑城(cheng)而名(ming)。孝昌二年(nian)(nian)(nian)改(gai)置(zhi)唐州(zhou)(zhou),治所(suo)(suo)在平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)故(gu)城(cheng)(劉村);北(bei)魏(wei)建義元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(戊申,公(gong)元(yuan)528年(nian)(nian)(nian))改(gai)稱(cheng)晉(jin)州(zhou)(zhou),移治自(zi)(zi)馬城(cheng),與郡(jun)(jun)縣(xian)(xian)同治,沿(yan)(yan)用至(zhi)今。②即今山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省鄒(zou)城(cheng)市(shi)。鄒(zou)城(cheng)在春秋戰國(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)古稱(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang),是“鄒(zou)魯圣(sheng)地(di)”,為(wei)中國(guo)儒學發源地(di)。夏王朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)屬九州(zhou)(zhou)徐州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)域(yu),秦朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)開始(shi)設(she)置(zhi)“騶縣(xian)(xian)”,歷漢、晉(jin)、南北(bei)朝(chao),及唐朝(chao)初(chu)期(qi)改(gai)“騶”為(wei)“鄒(zou)”,稱(cheng)“鄒(zou)縣(xian)(xian)”,沿(yan)(yan)襲至(zhi)1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月,撤縣(xian)(xian)設(she)市(shi),稱(cheng)鄒(zou)城(cheng)市(shi)。大(da)狐氏的(de)(de)郡(jun)(jun)望為(wei)①即今山(shan)西(xi)臨汾(fen)。
平陽(yang)堂:以望(wang)立堂。
大狐氏(shi)復姓(xing)是一(yi)個非常古老的(de)(de)(de)姓(xing)氏(shi),但在(zai)今中國大陸的(de)(de)(de)姓(xing)氏(shi)排行榜(bang)上(shang)未列入(ru)百家(jia)姓(xing)前一(yi)千(qian)位,在(zai)臺(tai)灣省則沒(mei)有。今浙(zhe)江省西南部的(de)(de)(de)麗水地區,有零星大狐氏(shi)族(zu)人(ren)分布(bu),以平陽為郡望。人(ren)口總數不(bu)及(ji)一(yi)百,大概屬于人(ren)口最稀(xi)少的(de)(de)(de)姓(xing)氏(shi)群體之一(yi)了(le)。