源于媯姓,出自(zi)戰(zhan)國(guo)時期齊國(guo)大將田單(dan)守邑,屬(shu)于以(yi)封邑名稱為(wei)氏(shi)。據(ju)史籍《晏子春秋·內(nei)篇問(wen)》記(ji)(ji)載(zai):“即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)氏(shi),據(ju)齊將田單(dan)守即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo),支孫氏(shi)焉(yan)。”在(zai)史籍《風(feng)俗(su)通義·佚(yi)文》中引《姓解(jie)》記(ji)(ji)載(zai):“即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)氏(shi),漢(han)有(you)(you)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)威為(wei)咸陽令……漢(han)有(you)(you)單(dan)父令即(ji)(ji)(ji)費,其先食(shi)采即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo),因以(yi)命氏(shi)。”在(zai)史籍《漢(han)書(shu)·儒林傳(chuan)》也記(ji)(ji)載(zai):“戰(zhan)國(guo)城陽相即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)成,齊國(guo)人(ren)。”
即墨[即墨,讀音作jí mò(ㄐㄧˊㄇㄛˋ)]
源于(yu)媯姓,出自戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)晚(wan)期齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大將田(tian)單(dan)(dan)守邑(yi),屬于(yu)以封邑(yi)名(ming)稱(cheng)為(wei)氏(shi)。據史籍(ji)《晏子春秋·內篇問》記載(zai):“即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi),據齊(qi)將田(tian)單(dan)(dan)守即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo),支(zhi)孫氏(shi)焉。”在史籍(ji)《風俗通義·佚文》中(zhong)引(yin)《姓解》記載(zai):“即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi),漢(han)(han)有(you)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)威(wei)為(wei)咸陽令……漢(han)(han)有(you)單(dan)(dan)父令即(ji)(ji)(ji)費,其先(xian)食采即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo),因(yin)以命氏(shi)。”在史籍(ji)《漢(han)(han)書(shu)·儒(ru)林傳》也記載(zai):“戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)陽相即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)成(cheng),齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人。”田(tian)單(dan)(dan),是(shi)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)王族田(tian)氏(shi)家(jia)族的遠房(fang)支(zhi)親,山東淄博(bo)臨(lin)淄人。齊(qi)湣王田(tian)地執政(zheng)時期(公元前(qian)323~前(qian)283年(nian)在位(wei)),田(tian)單(dan)(dan)出任(ren)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)城(cheng)臨(lin)淄的市(shi)掾(管理商貿市(shi)場的官員),是(shi)一位(wei)資歷淺、爵位(wei)低、名(ming)氣微(wei)的小(xiao)吏。但是(shi),田(tian)單(dan)(dan)善于(yu)學習(xi),頗(po)愛兵法,對戰略戰術有(you)過精(jing)心研究,后率軍駐(zhu)守即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(今山東青島即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo))。在燕(yan)(yan)軍伐齊(qi)的戰爭中(zhong),以奇計制勝,大敗燕(yan)(yan)軍,表現了一位(wei)軍事家(jia)的非凡才能(neng),被田(tian)齊(qi)襄(xiang)王封為(wei)安(an)平君,是(shi)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)軍家(jia)的后起之秀。戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時期,列(lie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爭雄,頻(pin)繁的掠奪戰爭,給人民造成(cheng)了無窮的災難(nan)。
周(zhou)慎靚王(wang)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)定三年(燕(yan)王(wang)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)(kuai)三年,田(tian)齊(qi)宣王(wang)田(tian)辟疆(jiang)三年,公元前318年),燕(yan)王(wang)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)(kuai)將(jiang)王(wang)位(wei)禪讓給姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),實行(xing)政治改革(ge)。姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)王(wang)事三年,與(yu)反對改革(ge)的勢力(li)發生(sheng)矛盾,燕(yan)國大(da)將(jiang)市被與(yu)太子(zi)(zi)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)平(ping)起(qi)兵反叛(pan),雙方激戰數月(yue),死者(zhe)數萬(wan),燕(yan)國大(da)亂(luan),市被及太子(zi)(zi)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)平(ping)被姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻殺。這時,齊(qi)宣王(wang)田(tian)辟疆(jiang)在孟(meng)柯的勸說下,乘燕(yan)國危機之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時出(chu)兵伐燕(yan)國,僅五(wu)十(shi)天即(ji)攻破燕(yan)國都(dou)城,燕(yan)王(wang)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)(kuai)和(he)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皆被齊(qi)軍(jun)所(suo)殺。中山(shan)國也趁此機會奪占了(le)燕(yan)國大(da)片土地,燕(yan)國幾乎亡國。
周赧(nan)王姬延三(san)年(nian)(趙(zhao)武(wu)靈王趙(zhao)雍十四年(nian),公元前(qian)312年(nian)),秦、魏(wei)、韓(han)三(san)國(guo)聯軍救燕(yan),擊敗齊(qi)軍于濮水之上。第二年(nian),趙(zhao)武(wu)靈王派兵(bing)將流亡在(zai)韓(han)國(guo)的燕(yan)公子姬職護(hu)送回(hui)燕(yan)國(guo),立(li)為燕(yan)昭王。燕(yan)昭王立(li)志報仇(chou)雪恨,卑身(shen)厚(hou)幣(bi),高筑黃金臺,招(zhao)聚天(tian)下賢(xian)士,得樂毅等人相助(zhu),勵精圖治,燕(yan)國(guo)從此(ci)強大(da)起來。這一(yi)段歷史時期,燕(yan)國(guo)北(bei)破(po)東(dong)胡,將領土擴大(da)到(dao)遼東(dong)地區,設置了上古(gu)、漁陽、右(you)北(bei)平、遼西、遼東(dong)五(wu)郡,疆域有今(jin)滹(hu)沱以北(bei)的河北(bei)中部、遼寧大(da)部、山西一(yi)部,再次(ci)成為一(yi)方強國(guo)。
周赧王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)三十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)地十(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)姬職二(er)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian),公元前(qian)(qian)284年(nian)(nian)),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以樂(le)毅(yi)為(wei)上將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),聯(lian)合(he)了(le)秦、楚(chu)、趙、魏、韓(han)五(wu)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)伐(fa)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)。田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)國(guo)(guo)力(li)不(bu)足(zu),已毫無應戰的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)量,只得棄都南逃莒(ju)(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偏安(an)(an)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)長(chang)驅直入,連(lian)下(xia)(xia)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)余城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),之(zhi)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)臨(lin)(lin)淄擊殺(sha)(sha)田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)只剩下(xia)(xia)了(le)高大(da)(da)堅固的(de)(de)(de)(de)莒(ju)(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)日(ri)照莒(ju)(ju)縣(xian))和(he)(he)即墨城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)平(ping)度(du))這(zhe)(zhe)兩座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池,使齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)處在(zai)(zai)(zai)危亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)攻破臨(lin)(lin)淄后(hou),又東(dong)(dong)(dong)渡淄河進取安(an)(an)平(ping)。安(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(又名(ming)(ming)酃城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、石槽城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))位于(yu)淄水東(dong)(dong)(dong)岸,這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi),早(zao)從臨(lin)(lin)淄退(tui)守安(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)正在(zai)(zai)(zai)積極籌劃拒(ju)敵方(fang)略。為(wei)使戰車(che)進退(tui)方(fang)便(bian),避免撞擊,他(ta)(ta)命(ming)令宗(zong)(zong)(zong)人部(bu)下(xia)(xia)疾速斷去(qu)車(che)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)頭(tou),并固上鐵(tie)籠,當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)許多(duo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)都笑話(hua)他(ta)(ta)。但當(dang)(dang)安(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)失(shi)守時(shi)(shi)(shi),許多(duo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)兵(bing)將(jiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)撤退(tui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)車(che)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)相撞,戰車(che)被毀,紛紛落(luo)入燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)手做了(le)俘虜,唯(wei)獨田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)人及部(bu)下(xia)(xia)安(an)(an)然退(tui)居即墨。車(che)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)革和(he)(he)巧(qiao)勝(sheng)(sheng)樂(le)毅(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)謀略,使田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)氏宗(zong)(zong)(zong)人中(zhong)名(ming)(ming)聲(sheng)大(da)(da)振(zhen),威望更(geng)高。在(zai)(zai)(zai)即墨大(da)(da)夫(fu)戰死(si)疆場后(hou),田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)便(bian)被宗(zong)(zong)(zong)族及部(bu)下(xia)(xia)們推為(wei)拒(ju)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)統帥。足(zu)智多(duo)謀的(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan),并沒有因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)暫(zan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)利(li)(li)而(er)氣餒(nei),他(ta)(ta)肩負眾托,決心復(fu)(fu)國(guo)(guo),從而(er)細(xi)心分析戰爭(zheng)發展變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)勢,窺(kui)測出(chu)戰的(de)(de)(de)(de)良機(ji)。就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候,傳來了(le)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)病死(si),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)即位的(de)(de)(de)(de)消息。于(yu)是,田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)利(li)(li)用燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)與樂(le)毅(yi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系有裂(lie)隙,派人去(qu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)面(mian)前(qian)(qian)讒(chan)言挑撥,進一(yi)步激化了(le)君臣(chen)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾,致使燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)猜忌樂(le)毅(yi),很快就(jiu)改(gai)用騎劫為(wei)統帥。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)自(zi)毀長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),撤換了(le)智勇雙(shuang)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)毅(yi),樂(le)毅(yi)后(hou)來怒(nu)而(er)棄燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo),奔(ben)赴趙國(guo)(guo)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)變更(geng)領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)帥之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)抓住燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)將(jiang)驕(jiao)傲(ao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)點(dian),用以金(jin)錢賄賂,渙散燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)紀,進一(yi)步使燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)放松戒備。而(er)自(zi)己(ji)卻積極作應戰計劃和(he)(he)出(chu)擊準備。他(ta)(ta)還(huan)(huan)集田(tian)(tian)氏宗(zong)(zong)(zong)人登城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),親眼目睹燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)對齊(qi)(qi)(qi)人燒(shao)(shao)掠、削鼻屠殺(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)掘墳辱尸的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘無人道的(de)(de)(de)(de)暴行,從而(er)激發了(le)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)同(tong)(tong)仇(chou)敵愾、收復(fu)(fu)失(shi)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)士氣。之(zhi)后(hou),田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)組織(zhi)老弱(ruo)女(nv)子乘(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),以示降燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)組織(zhi)甲(jia)卒精(jing)(jing)兵(bing)埋伏(fu)于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)四(si)(si)周,又將(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)千(qian)余頭(tou)牛(niu),雙(shuang)角裝上鋒利(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)匕首(shou),身(shen)著畫有龍(long)紋圖案的(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)彩繒衣,尾束灌足(zu)脂油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘆葦,后(hou)隨精(jing)(jing)甲(jia)壯士五(wu)千(qian)余人,布下(xia)(xia)了(le)火牛(niu)陣。當(dang)(dang)夜深人靜燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)酣睡之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭(tou)鑼鼓(gu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)嗚,火燒(shao)(shao)牛(niu)尾,數千(qian)頭(tou)火牛(niu)四(si)(si)面(mian)奔(ben)出(chu),直沖燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)(da)營,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)士則(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)吶喊聲(sheng)中(zhong)隨牛(niu)沖殺(sha)(sha),頓時(shi)(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)(da)亂,統帥騎劫一(yi)命(ming)鳴乎。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)乘(cheng)勝(sheng)(sheng)直追,一(yi)連(lian)串(chuan)地取得了(le)敗燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)復(fu)(fu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)勝(sheng)(sheng)利(li)(li)。之(zhi)后(hou),田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)返回營城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)營廣饒(rao)),于(yu)周赧王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)三十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)法(fa)章元年(nian)(nian),公元前(qian)(qian)283年(nian)(nian))迎田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)還(huan)(huan)都臨(lin)(lin)淄。“火牛(niu)那(nei)可問,風(feng)雨夜燒(shao)(shao)青,巌巌七(qi)十(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),一(yi)夜息金(jin)刁!”田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)復(fu)(fu)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)功,被田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)封任為(wei)相國(guo)(guo)、安(an)(an)平(ping)君。在(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)逝世后(hou)安(an)(an)葬于(yu)安(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(今(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)淄博(bo)臨(lin)(lin)淄區皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南部(bu))。
春秋戰國(guo)時期,齊國(guo)以邑為姓(xing)氏(shi)者有即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)氏(shi)、崔氏(shi)、盧氏(shi)、鮑(bao)氏(shi)、來(lai)氏(shi)、棠(tang)氏(shi)、檀(tan)氏(shi)、晏氏(shi)、梁邱氏(shi)等二十三氏(shi)。即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)氏(shi)族(zu)人(ren)大多是田(tian)(tian)單(dan)的(de)庶支子孫,以先祖(zu)守即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)而得姓(xing),后(hou)有省(sheng)文簡化為單(dan)姓(xing)即(ji)(ji)氏(shi)、墨(mo)氏(shi)者,皆世(shi)代相傳。即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)氏(shi)以及分(fen)衍的(de)即(ji)(ji)氏(shi)、墨(mo)氏(shi)族(zu)人(ren),大多尊奉田(tian)(tian)單(dan)為得姓(xing)始祖(zu)。
源于姬姓(xing),出自(zi)東漢初期著(zhu)名大將賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子賈(jia)(jia)(jia)宗,屬于以封邑名稱為(wei)氏。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復,公(gong)元(yuan)?~55年待考,字君(jun)文(wen),南陽冠軍人。少好學,通(tong)習(xi)《尚(shang)書》。開始(shi)事(shi)從舞(wu)陰李(li)(li)生,李(li)(li)生奇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),對自(zi)己的門(men)人說(shuo)(shuo):“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容貌志氣如此,而勤于學,將相之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)也。”王(wang)(wang)莽末期,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復為(wei)縣掾,即(ji)管理(li)市(shi)場的小官(guan)(guan)。不(bu)(bu)久,下(xia)江、新市(shi)兵起,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復也聚眾數百人于羽山,自(zi)號將軍。漢更(geng)始(shi)帝立(li),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復率其部眾歸漢中王(wang)(wang)劉嘉,官(guan)(guan)為(wei)校尉(wei)。不(bu)(bu)久,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復見(jian)漢更(geng)始(shi)帝政權混亂,諸將放縱,乃對漢中王(wang)(wang)說(shuo)(shuo):“臣聞圖(tu)堯(yao)、舜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)至者(zhe),湯、武是(shi)也;圖(tu)湯、武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)至者(zhe),桓(huan)、文(wen)是(shi)也;圖(tu)桓(huan)、文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)至者(zhe),六國是(shi)也;定六國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規,欲安(an)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)至者(zhe),亡六國是(shi)也。今漢室中興(xing),大王(wang)(wang)以親(qin)戚為(wei)籓(fan)輔,天下(xia)未定而安(an)守所(suo)保,所(suo)保得無不(bu)(bu)可(ke)保乎(hu)?”漢中王(wang)(wang)感嘆道:“卿言(yan)大,非吾(wu)任也。大司馬劉公(gong)在河北,必能(neng)(neng)相施,第持我書往。”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復遂(sui)辭(ci)別漢中王(wang)(wang),受書北度河。
及至(zhi)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)劉(liu)秀起兵,鄧(deng)禹向劉(liu)秀推薦賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。劉(liu)秀見(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)奇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),鄧(deng)禹亦(yi)稱賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)將帥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節,于(yu)是劉(liu)秀任命(ming)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)破(po)虜將軍(jun)(jun)督(du)盜賊(zei)。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)迅速平(ping)定了(le)(le)當(dang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)盜賊(zei),劉(liu)秀以(yi)左驂賜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。當(dang)吏部(bu)以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)來(lai)而好(hao)陵折(zhe)等輩(bei),調補其(qi)(qi)為(wei)鄗尉(wei),劉(liu)秀馬上(shang)制止說(shuo):“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)督(du)有(you)折(zhe)沖千里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威,方(fang)(fang)任以(yi)職,勿得擅除。”后(hou)(hou)劉(liu)秀至(zhi)信都(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)北(bei)(bei)冀(ji)縣),以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)偏將軍(jun)(jun)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率軍(jun)(jun)攻克(ke)邯鄲,遷(qian)升都護將軍(jun)(jun)。在(zai)一(yi)次(ci)跟隨劉(liu)秀擊(ji)(ji)青犢于(yu)射犬時(shi)(shi)(shi),雙方(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)至(zhi)中(zhong)午,敵軍(jun)(jun)首領陳堅(jian)堅(jian)守不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)退。劉(liu)秀傳召(zhao)(zhao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu):“吏士皆饑,可(ke)且朝飯。”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卻(que)回答:“先破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)食耳!”于(yu)是被(bei)羽先登,所向皆靡,陳堅(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敵而潰敗(bai)。諸(zhu)將皆佩服(fu)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勇(yong)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)又在(zai)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)與(yu)五校戰(zhan)(zhan)于(yu)真定(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)北(bei)(bei)正定),大(da)(da)(da)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也受(shou)了(le)(le)重(zhong)傷(shang)。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)劉(liu)秀得知(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)重(zhong)傷(shang)后(hou)(hou)大(da)(da)(da)驚:“我(wo)所以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)令賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)別將者(zhe),為(wei)其(qi)(qi)輕敵也。果然(ran)(ran),失吾(wu)(wu)(wu)名將。聞(wen)其(qi)(qi)婦有(you)孕,生女(nv)邪(xie)(xie),我(wo)子(zi)(zi)娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生男邪(xie)(xie),我(wo)女(nv)嫁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)令其(qi)(qi)憂妻子(zi)(zi)也。”誰知(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)很快(kuai)就(jiu)傷(shang)愈,一(yi)好(hao)就(jiu)立即(ji)追(zhui)到(dao)薊(ji)縣去見(jian)劉(liu)秀。劉(liu)秀見(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)沒(mei)(mei)事了(le)(le),“甚歡,大(da)(da)(da)饗士卒,令復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)居(ju)前,擊(ji)(ji)鄴賊(zei),破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”劉(liu)秀即(ji)位為(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),拜(bai)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)執金吾(wu)(wu)(wu),封冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)侯。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先領軍(jun)(jun)度河(he)攻朱(zhu)鮪于(yu)洛陽(yang)(yang)(yang),再(zai)與(yu)白虎(hu)公陳僑鏖戰(zhan)(zhan),連破(po)降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)二(er)年(nian)(公元26年(nian)),益封賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)穰(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)鄧(deng)州(zhou))、朝陽(yang)(yang)(yang)二(er)縣。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)更(geng)始帝(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)屬下郾(yan)(yan)王(wang)尹尊(zun)(zun)及諸(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)將在(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)未降(jiang)者(zhe)尚多(duo),漢(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)召(zhao)(zhao)集諸(zhu)將議兵事。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)家竇(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)說(shuo)話言,沉吟久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),漢(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)檄(xi)叩地(di)曰(yue):“郾(yan)(yan)最強,宛為(wei)次(ci),誰當(dang)擊(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率然(ran)(ran)回答:“臣請擊(ji)(ji)郾(yan)(yan)。”漢(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)見(jian)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),就(jiu)笑了(le)(le):“執金吾(wu)(wu)(wu)擊(ji)(ji)郾(yan)(yan),吾(wu)(wu)(wu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)何憂!卿(qing)謀略過人,今(jin)(jin)(jin)則其(qi)(qi)以(yi)便(bian)宜(yi)(yi)從事,勿復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先請。”遂派遣賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與(yu)騎都尉(wei)陰識、驍騎將軍(jun)(jun)劉(liu)植南(nan)(nan)(nan)度五社津(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)鞏(gong)縣北(bei)(bei)部(bu))出擊(ji)(ji)郾(yan)(yan)王(wang)尹尊(zun)(zun),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)領軍(jun)(jun)連連破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)個來(lai)月,郾(yan)(yan)王(wang)尹尊(zun)(zun)歸降(jiang),盡定其(qi)(qi)地(di)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再(zai)引軍(jun)(jun)東(dong)擊(ji)(ji)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)更(geng)始帝(di)(di)(di)(di)屬下的(de)(de)(de)淮陽(yang)(yang)(yang)太守暴汜(si)(si),暴汜(si)(si)也歸降(jiang),屬縣悉定。到(dao)了(le)(le)秋天,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再(zai)次(ci)領軍(jun)(jun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)擊(ji)(ji)召(zhao)(zhao)陵(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)漯(luo)河(he)召(zhao)(zhao)陵)、新息(xi)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)息(xi)縣),皆平(ping)定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)三年(nian)(公元27年(nian))春季,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)因功(gong)官遷(qian)左將軍(jun)(jun),再(zai)領軍(jun)(jun)出擊(ji)(ji)赤眉于(yu)新城(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)湖北(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)悟)、澠池(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)澠池)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),連破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久與(yu)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)會師于(yu)宜(yi)(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)洛陽(yang)(yang)(yang)宜(yi)(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)),降(jiang)服(fu)了(le)(le)所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)赤眉軍(jun)(jun),完全穩定了(le)(le)東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)王(wang)朝。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)生征(zheng)戰(zhan)(zhan),從未又敗(bai)績,他數次(ci)解(jie)除了(le)(le)諸(zhu)將的(de)(de)(de)潰圍解(jie)急(ji),曾身(shen)受(shou)十二(er)次(ci)重(zhong)傷(shang)。漢(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)善用兵、敢深入,凡沒(mei)(mei)把握的(de)(de)(de)遠征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan),皆帶著(zhu)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而壯其(qi)(qi)勇(yong)節,常自從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故而賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)直沒(mei)(mei)有(you)什么(me)單方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)特殊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勛。后(hou)(hou)來(lai)諸(zhu)將每(mei)論功(gong)自伐,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)未嘗有(you)言。漢(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)卻(que)說(shuo):“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),我(wo)自知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
東(dong)(dong)漢(han)建武(wu)(wu)十三年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元37年(nian)(nian)),定封(feng)(feng)膠東(dong)(dong)侯(hou)(hou),食(shi)郁秩、壯武(wu)(wu)、下密、即墨(mo)、梃(ting)、觀(guan)陽(yang),凡六縣。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)深知漢(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)一(yi)直欲(yu)(yu)偃干戈,修文德,不(bu)欲(yu)(yu)功臣擁眾京(jing)師,乃(nai)與(yu)高(gao)密侯(hou)(hou)鄧禹(yu)并剽(piao)甲兵,敦儒(ru)學。漢(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)深然之,遂罷左右將軍。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)以(yi)列侯(hou)(hou)就第,加位特進。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)為(wei)人(ren)剛(gang)毅方直,多(duo)(duo)大(da)節(jie)。既還(huan)(huan)私第,闔門養威重。漢(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)最信(xin)任的同(tong)窗朱祐(you)大(da)力推薦賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)宜為(wei)宰相,漢(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)方以(yi)吏事責三公(gong),故(gu)功臣并不(bu)用(yong)。是(shi)時,列侯(hou)(hou)中惟(wei)高(gao)密、固始、膠東(dong)(dong)三侯(hou)(hou)與(yu)公(gong)卿參(can)議國家大(da)事,恩(en)遇甚厚(hou)。東(dong)(dong)漢(han)建武(wu)(wu)三十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元55年(nian)(nian)),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)逝世,賜謚“剛(gang)侯(hou)(hou)”。到了東(dong)(dong)漢(han)漢(han)章帝(di)劉炟即位(公(gong)元76~87年(nian)(nian)在(zai)位),封(feng)(feng)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)的兒(er)子賈(jia)(jia)(jia)邯(han)為(wei)膠東(dong)(dong)侯(hou)(hou),封(feng)(feng)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)邯(han)的弟弟賈(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)為(wei)即墨(mo)侯(hou)(hou),各(ge)領一(yi)縣。即墨(mo)侯(hou)(hou)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong),字武(wu)(wu)孺,少(shao)有(you)操行,多(duo)(duo)智略。初拜郎中,稍(shao)遷(qian),東(dong)(dong)漢(han)建初五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元80年(nian)(nian))為(wei)朔方太守。舊(jiu)內郡(jun)徙人(ren)在(zai)邊者,率多(duo)(duo)貧(pin)弱,為(wei)居人(ren)所(suo)仆役,不(bu)得為(wei)吏。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)擢用(yong)其任職者,與(yu)邊吏參(can)選,轉相監司,以(yi)揭發其奸(jian),或以(yi)功次補(bu)長吏,故(gu)各(ge)愿盡死。匈奴(nu)當時十分懼怕(pa)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong),不(bu)敢入(ru)塞。后征為(wei)長水校(xiao)尉。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)還(huan)(huan)精通(tong)儒(ru)術(shu),每宴(yan)見,常使(shi)與(yu)少(shao)府丁鴻(hong)等論議于前。
東(dong)漢章和二年(公元88年),賈(jia)宗(zong)逝世,東(dong)漢朝廷上下都為(wei)(wei)(wei)他的(de)去世而十分(fen)(fen)愍惜。賈(jia)宗(zong)的(de)兒子叫(jiao)賈(jia)參。在賈(jia)參的(de)庶支(zhi)子孫中,有以先祖爵號“即(ji)墨侯”為(wei)(wei)(wei)姓(xing)氏者,稱即(ji)墨氏,后有一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)人省文簡改為(wei)(wei)(wei)單姓(xing)墨氏,一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)復(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)賈(jia)氏,皆世代相傳(chuan)至今(jin)。
田單、賈復。
即墨氏復姓是非常(chang)古老的姓氏之(zhi)一,但(dan)今已經多省文簡改為單姓即氏、墨氏,即墨氏復姓反而(er)難見(jian)了。
膠東(dong)郡:西漢時期設置膠東(dong)郡,之后有(you)時是(shi)國,治所在即墨(今山東(dong)平(ping)度)。
即墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian):春秋、戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi)即墨(mo)屬(shu)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。秦朝時(shi)期(qi)設即墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),屬(shu)齊(qi)郡(jun)。西漢(han)時(shi)期(qi),即墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城同時(shi)為膠(jiao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)王國(guo)(guo)(guo)都城。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)及兩(liang)晉時(shi)期(qi)屬(shu)青(qing)州。隋、唐、明、清(qing)時(shi)期(qi)均屬(shu)萊州。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(癸未(wei),公元(yuan)1943年(nian)(nian))分設即東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、即墨(mo)兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(甲申,公元(yuan)1944年(nian)(nian))4月(yue)即東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)并(bing)(bing)入即墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(乙酉(you),公元(yuan)1945年(nian)(nian))7月(yue),恢復即東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。中華人民(min)共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)建國(guo)(guo)(guo)初(chu)期(qi),屬(shu)膠(jiao)州專區(qu)。1956年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)即東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)并(bing)(bing)入即墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),改(gai)屬(shu)萊陽專區(qu)。1958年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)改(gai)屬(shu)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)。1961年(nian)(nian)3月(yue),改(gai)屬(shu)煙臺專區(qu)。1978年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)改(gai)屬(shu)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)。1989年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)撤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)設市(shi)。
膠東堂(tang):以望立堂(tang)。
即墨堂:以(yi)望立堂。
即墨威:(生卒(zu)年(nian)待考),山(shan)東即墨人。著(zhu)名漢朝咸陽令。