源于(yu)媯姓(xing),出自戰國(guo)時期齊國(guo)大(da)將(jiang)田單(dan)守邑,屬于(yu)以封邑名稱為氏(shi)。據史(shi)籍《晏子春秋·內篇問》記(ji)載(zai):“即墨(mo)氏(shi),據齊將(jiang)田單(dan)守即墨(mo),支孫(sun)氏(shi)焉。”在(zai)史(shi)籍《風俗(su)通義·佚(yi)文》中引《姓(xing)解》記(ji)載(zai):“即墨(mo)氏(shi),漢(han)有即墨(mo)威為咸(xian)陽令(ling)……漢(han)有單(dan)父(fu)令(ling)即費,其先食采即墨(mo),因以命氏(shi)。”在(zai)史(shi)籍《漢(han)書·儒林傳》也記(ji)載(zai):“戰國(guo)城陽相即墨(mo)成,齊國(guo)人。”
即墨(mo)[即墨(mo),讀音(yin)作jí mò(ㄐㄧˊㄇㄛˋ)]
源于(yu)媯姓,出自戰(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)晚期(qi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)田(tian)(tian)單守(shou)邑,屬于(yu)以(yi)封(feng)邑名稱為氏(shi)(shi)。據(ju)史籍《晏子春(chun)秋·內篇(pian)問》記(ji)載:“即(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi),據(ju)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)將(jiang)(jiang)田(tian)(tian)單守(shou)即(ji)墨,支(zhi)孫氏(shi)(shi)焉。”在(zai)史籍《風俗通義·佚文》中(zhong)引(yin)《姓解》記(ji)載:“即(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi),漢有(you)即(ji)墨威(wei)為咸(xian)陽令……漢有(you)單父令即(ji)費(fei),其先食采即(ji)墨,因以(yi)命氏(shi)(shi)。”在(zai)史籍《漢書·儒林傳》也記(ji)載:“戰(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)城陽相即(ji)墨成,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人。”田(tian)(tian)單,是齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)王族(zu)田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)家(jia)族(zu)的(de)(de)遠(yuan)房支(zhi)親,山東(dong)淄博臨(lin)淄人。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣(min)王田(tian)(tian)地執政時期(qi)(公元前323~前283年(nian)在(zai)位),田(tian)(tian)單出任齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都城臨(lin)淄的(de)(de)市掾(管理商貿市場(chang)的(de)(de)官員),是一位資(zi)歷淺、爵位低、名氣(qi)微的(de)(de)小吏。但是,田(tian)(tian)單善于(yu)學習,頗愛兵法,對戰(zhan)(zhan)略戰(zhan)(zhan)術有(you)過精(jing)心研究(jiu),后率軍(jun)駐守(shou)即(ji)墨(今山東(dong)青島即(ji)墨)。在(zai)燕(yan)軍(jun)伐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)中(zhong),以(yi)奇(qi)計制勝,大(da)敗燕(yan)軍(jun),表現了一位軍(jun)事家(jia)的(de)(de)非凡才(cai)能,被田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王封(feng)為安平君,是齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)軍(jun)家(jia)的(de)(de)后起之秀(xiu)。戰(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時期(qi),列國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爭(zheng)雄,頻繁的(de)(de)掠奪(duo)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng),給人民造成了無(wu)窮的(de)(de)災難。
周慎靚王(wang)姬(ji)(ji)定三年(nian)(燕(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)姬(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)(kuai)三年(nian),田齊宣王(wang)田辟疆(jiang)三年(nian),公元前318年(nian)),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)姬(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)(kuai)將王(wang)位禪讓給姬(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之,實行(xing)政治(zhi)改革(ge)(ge)。姬(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之行(xing)王(wang)事三年(nian),與(yu)反對改革(ge)(ge)的(de)勢力發生(sheng)矛盾,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)大將市(shi)被與(yu)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)姬(ji)(ji)平起兵(bing)反叛,雙方激戰數(shu)(shu)月(yue),死者數(shu)(shu)萬(wan),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)大亂,市(shi)被及太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)姬(ji)(ji)平被姬(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之攻殺。這(zhe)時,齊宣王(wang)田辟疆(jiang)在孟柯的(de)勸說下(xia),乘燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)危機之時出兵(bing)伐燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo),僅五十(shi)天(tian)即攻破燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)都城,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)姬(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)(kuai)和姬(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之皆被齊軍(jun)所(suo)殺。中山國(guo)(guo)也趁此機會奪占(zhan)了(le)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)大片土地,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)幾乎亡(wang)國(guo)(guo)。
周赧王(wang)姬延三(san)年(趙武靈(ling)王(wang)趙雍十四年,公(gong)元前(qian)312年),秦、魏(wei)、韓三(san)國(guo)聯軍(jun)救燕(yan),擊(ji)敗齊軍(jun)于濮(pu)水之上。第(di)二年,趙武靈(ling)王(wang)派兵將(jiang)流亡在韓國(guo)的燕(yan)公(gong)子姬職護送回燕(yan)國(guo),立為燕(yan)昭王(wang)。燕(yan)昭王(wang)立志報仇雪恨(hen),卑身厚幣(bi),高筑(zhu)黃(huang)金臺,招聚天下賢士,得(de)樂毅等人相(xiang)助,勵精圖治,燕(yan)國(guo)從此(ci)強大起來。這一段(duan)歷(li)史時期,燕(yan)國(guo)北破東(dong)(dong)胡(hu),將(jiang)領土擴(kuo)大到遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)地區,設置(zhi)了上古、漁陽、右(you)北平、遼(liao)(liao)(liao)西、遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東(dong)(dong)五郡(jun),疆(jiang)域有今滹沱以北的河北中部、遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧大部、山西一部,再次(ci)成為一方(fang)強國(guo)。
周赧王(wang)(wang)(wang)三十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)十(shi)七年(nian),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)(wang)(wang)姬職二十(shi)八年(nian),公(gong)(gong)元前284年(nian)),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)(wang)(wang)以樂(le)毅(yi)為(wei)上將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),聯合了(le)(le)秦、楚、趙、魏、韓五(wu)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)同(tong)伐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)因(yin)(yin)國(guo)(guo)力不(bu)足,已毫無應戰(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力量(liang),只得棄(qi)都南(nan)逃(tao)莒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偏(pian)安(an)(an)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)長驅直(zhi)入(ru)(ru),連下(xia)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)七十(shi)余城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)擊(ji)殺田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)只剩下(xia)了(le)(le)高(gao)大(da)堅固的(de)(de)(de)(de)莒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)東日照(zhao)莒縣(xian))和(he)即墨城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)東平(ping)(ping)度)這兩(liang)座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池,使齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)處在(zai)(zai)危亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)破(po)臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),又(you)東渡(du)淄(zi)(zi)河進(jin)(jin)取(qu)安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)。安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(又(you)名酃(ling)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、石槽(cao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))位于(yu)淄(zi)(zi)水東岸,這時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),早從臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)退守安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)正在(zai)(zai)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)籌劃(hua)拒敵方(fang)略。為(wei)使戰(zhan)(zhan)車進(jin)(jin)退方(fang)便,避免(mian)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)擊(ji),他(ta)(ta)命令宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)部(bu)(bu)下(xia)疾速斷去(qu)車軸(zhou)長頭(tou)(tou),并固上鐵(tie)籠,當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)許(xu)多齊(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)都笑話他(ta)(ta)。但當(dang)安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)失守時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),許(xu)多齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)兵(bing)(bing)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)撤退時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)車軸(zhou)相撞(zhuang)(zhuang),戰(zhan)(zhan)車被毀,紛紛落入(ru)(ru)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)手做了(le)(le)俘虜,唯獨田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及部(bu)(bu)下(xia)安(an)(an)然退居即墨。車軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改革和(he)巧(qiao)勝樂(le)毅(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)謀略,使田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)在(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)名聲大(da)振,威望更高(gao)。在(zai)(zai)即墨大(da)夫戰(zhan)(zhan)死(si)疆場后(hou)(hou)(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)便被宗(zong)(zong)族及部(bu)(bu)下(xia)們推為(wei)拒燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)統帥(shuai)(shuai)。足智多謀的(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan),并沒(mei)有(you)(you)因(yin)(yin)暫(zan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)失利而(er)氣(qi)餒,他(ta)(ta)肩負(fu)眾托,決(jue)心復(fu)國(guo)(guo),從而(er)細(xi)心分析戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)發展變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形勢,窺(kui)測出(chu)戰(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)良機(ji)。就在(zai)(zai)這個時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou),傳來(lai)了(le)(le)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)(wang)(wang)病(bing)死(si),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)即位的(de)(de)(de)(de)消息。于(yu)是(shi),田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)利用燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)與樂(le)毅(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系有(you)(you)裂隙,派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)去(qu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)面(mian)前讒言挑撥,進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)激化(hua)了(le)(le)君臣間的(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾,致使燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)猜忌樂(le)毅(yi),很快就改用騎劫(jie)為(wei)統帥(shuai)(shuai)。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)自毀長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),撤換了(le)(le)智勇雙全的(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)毅(yi),樂(le)毅(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)來(lai)怒而(er)棄(qi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo),奔赴趙國(guo)(guo)。在(zai)(zai)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)變(bian)更領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)帥(shuai)(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)抓住燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)驕傲的(de)(de)(de)(de)弱點,用以金錢賄賂,渙散燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)紀,進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)使燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)放松(song)戒備。而(er)自己(ji)卻積(ji)(ji)極(ji)作應戰(zhan)(zhan)計劃(hua)和(he)出(chu)擊(ji)準備。他(ta)(ta)還(huan)(huan)集田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏宗(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)登城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),親眼目(mu)睹燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)對齊(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)燒掠、削(xue)鼻屠殺和(he)掘墳辱尸的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘無人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)暴行,從而(er)激發了(le)(le)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)同(tong)仇敵愾(kai)、收復(fu)失地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)氣(qi)。之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)組(zu)織老(lao)弱女子(zi)乘城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),以示降燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)織甲卒精兵(bing)(bing)埋伏于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)四周,又(you)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)千(qian)余頭(tou)(tou)牛(niu)(niu),雙角裝上鋒利的(de)(de)(de)(de)匕首,身著畫有(you)(you)龍紋(wen)圖案的(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)彩繒衣,尾束灌足脂油的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘆葦,后(hou)(hou)(hou)隨精甲壯士(shi)五(wu)千(qian)余人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),布(bu)下(xia)了(le)(le)火(huo)牛(niu)(niu)陣。當(dang)夜(ye)深人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)靜燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)酣睡之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭(tou)(tou)鑼(luo)鼓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)嗚,火(huo)燒牛(niu)(niu)尾,數千(qian)頭(tou)(tou)火(huo)牛(niu)(niu)四面(mian)奔出(chu),直(zhi)沖燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)營,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)士(shi)則在(zai)(zai)吶喊聲中(zhong)隨牛(niu)(niu)沖殺,頓時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)亂,統帥(shuai)(shuai)騎劫(jie)一(yi)(yi)命鳴乎。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)乘勝直(zhi)追,一(yi)(yi)連串地(di)(di)(di)取(qu)得了(le)(le)敗燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)復(fu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)(bu)勝利。之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)返回營城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)東東營廣(guang)饒),于(yu)周赧王(wang)(wang)(wang)三十(shi)二年(nian)(田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)章元年(nian),公(gong)(gong)元前283年(nian))迎田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)還(huan)(huan)都臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)。“火(huo)牛(niu)(niu)那可問,風雨(yu)夜(ye)燒青(qing),巌巌七十(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),一(yi)(yi)夜(ye)息金刁!”田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)因(yin)(yin)復(fu)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)功,被田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)(wang)封任為(wei)相國(guo)(guo)、安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)君。在(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)逝世后(hou)(hou)(hou)安(an)(an)葬(zang)于(yu)安(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)東淄(zi)(zi)博臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(zi)區皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村東南(nan)部(bu)(bu))。
春(chun)秋戰國時期,齊國以(yi)邑為(wei)姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者有即墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、崔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、盧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鮑氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、來(lai)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、棠氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、檀(tan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、晏氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、梁邱氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)二十三氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。即墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族人(ren)大(da)多(duo)是(shi)田單的庶支(zhi)子孫,以(yi)先祖(zu)守即墨(mo)(mo)而得(de)姓(xing),后有省(sheng)文簡化為(wei)單姓(xing)即氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者,皆世代相傳。即墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)及分衍(yan)的即氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族人(ren),大(da)多(duo)尊奉田單為(wei)得(de)姓(xing)始祖(zu)。
源于(yu)(yu)姬姓,出自東漢(han)(han)初期(qi)著名大(da)(da)將賈復(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)子賈宗,屬于(yu)(yu)以封邑(yi)名稱(cheng)為(wei)氏。賈復(fu),公元?~55年(nian)待考,字君(jun)文(wen),南陽冠軍(jun)人。少好(hao)學,通習《尚(shang)書(shu)》。開(kai)始事(shi)從舞陰李生,李生奇之(zhi)(zhi),對(dui)自己的(de)門人說(shuo):“賈君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)容貌志(zhi)氣如(ru)此,而勤于(yu)(yu)學,將相(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”王莽(mang)末期(qi),賈復(fu)為(wei)縣掾,即管(guan)理市(shi)場的(de)小官(guan)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久,下(xia)江(jiang)、新市(shi)兵起,賈復(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)聚眾(zhong)數百人于(yu)(yu)羽山,自號將軍(jun)。漢(han)(han)更始帝立,賈復(fu)率(lv)其部眾(zhong)歸(gui)漢(han)(han)中(zhong)王劉嘉,官(guan)為(wei)校尉(wei)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久,賈復(fu)見漢(han)(han)更始帝政權混亂(luan),諸將放縱,乃對(dui)漢(han)(han)中(zhong)王說(shuo):“臣聞圖堯、舜(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能至(zhi)者(zhe),湯(tang)、武是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye);圖湯(tang)、武之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能至(zhi)者(zhe),桓、文(wen)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye);圖桓、文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能至(zhi)者(zhe),六國是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye);定(ding)六國之(zhi)(zhi)規,欲安守之(zhi)(zhi)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能至(zhi)者(zhe),亡六國是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今漢(han)(han)室中(zhong)興,大(da)(da)王以親戚為(wei)籓輔(fu),天下(xia)未定(ding)而安守所(suo)保(bao),所(suo)保(bao)得無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可保(bao)乎?”漢(han)(han)中(zhong)王感嘆道(dao):“卿言大(da)(da),非吾任也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)司馬劉公在河北(bei),必能相(xiang)施(shi),第持我書(shu)往。”賈復(fu)遂辭(ci)別漢(han)(han)中(zhong)王,受書(shu)北(bei)度河。
及至(zhi)漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)起兵,鄧禹(yu)向劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)推(tui)薦賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)見(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)奇(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),鄧禹(yu)亦稱賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)將(jiang)(jiang)帥(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節,于(yu)(yu)是劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)任(ren)命(ming)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為破(po)虜將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)督盜賊(zei)。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)迅(xun)速(su)平定了(le)(le)(le)當地(di)的(de)盜賊(zei),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)以(yi)左驂賜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。當吏部以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)來(lai)(lai)而(er)好陵折(zhe)等(deng)輩,調補其(qi)為鄗尉(wei),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)馬(ma)上制止說:“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)督有(you)(you)折(zhe)沖千(qian)里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威,方(fang)(fang)任(ren)以(yi)職,勿(wu)得擅除。”后(hou)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)至(zhi)信都(今(jin)(jin)河(he)北冀縣(xian)(xian)),以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為偏(pian)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。不久賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)攻克邯鄲,遷升(sheng)都護將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)跟隨劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)擊(ji)青犢于(yu)(yu)射犬(quan)時(shi),雙方(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)戰至(zhi)中午,敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)首領陳(chen)堅堅守(shou)不退。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)傳召賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu):“吏士皆(jie)饑,可且朝飯(fan)。”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卻(que)回答:“先破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然后(hou)食耳(er)!”于(yu)(yu)是被(bei)羽(yu)先登(deng),所向皆(jie)靡,陳(chen)堅不敵(di)而(er)潰敗。諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)皆(jie)佩服賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勇。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)又在(zai)北方(fang)(fang)與(yu)五校(xiao)戰于(yu)(yu)真定(今(jin)(jin)河(he)北正定),大(da)(da)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)受(shou)了(le)(le)(le)重(zhong)傷。當時(shi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)得知賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)重(zhong)傷后(hou)大(da)(da)驚(jing):“我(wo)(wo)所以(yi)不令(ling)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)別將(jiang)(jiang)者,為其(qi)輕敵(di)也(ye)。果然,失吾名將(jiang)(jiang)。聞其(qi)婦有(you)(you)孕,生女(nv)(nv)邪,我(wo)(wo)子娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生男(nan)邪,我(wo)(wo)女(nv)(nv)嫁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不令(ling)其(qi)憂妻子也(ye)。”誰(shui)知賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)很快就(jiu)傷愈,一(yi)(yi)(yi)好就(jiu)立即追到(dao)薊縣(xian)(xian)去見(jian)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)見(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)沒(mei)事(shi)了(le)(le)(le),“甚歡,大(da)(da)饗士卒,令(ling)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)居(ju)前,擊(ji)鄴賊(zei),破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)即位為漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),拜賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為執金吾,封(feng)冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)侯。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)度(du)(du)河(he)攻朱鮪于(yu)(yu)洛陽(yang)(yang),再(zai)與(yu)白虎公陳(chen)僑鏖戰,連破(po)降(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)(wu)二年(nian)(公元26年(nian)),益封(feng)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)穰(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)鄧州)、朝陽(yang)(yang)二縣(xian)(xian)。當時(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)更(geng)始(shi)帝的(de)屬下郾王(wang)(wang)尹(yin)(yin)尊及諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)將(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)未(wei)降(jiang)(jiang)者尚多,漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝召集諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)議兵事(shi)。當時(shi)大(da)(da)家竇不說話言,沉吟久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝以(yi)檄叩地(di)曰:“郾最強,宛為次(ci),誰(shui)當擊(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率然回答:“臣請擊(ji)郾。”漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝一(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),就(jiu)笑(xiao)了(le)(le)(le):“執金吾擊(ji)郾,吾復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)何憂!卿謀(mou)略(lve)過(guo)人(ren),今(jin)(jin)則其(qi)以(yi)便(bian)宜(yi)從(cong)事(shi),勿(wu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先請。”遂派遣賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與(yu)騎都尉(wei)陰識、驍(xiao)騎將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)植南(nan)(nan)度(du)(du)五社津(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)鞏(gong)縣(xian)(xian)北部)出(chu)擊(ji)郾王(wang)(wang)尹(yin)(yin)尊,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)連連破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)個來(lai)(lai)月,郾王(wang)(wang)尹(yin)(yin)尊歸降(jiang)(jiang),盡定其(qi)地(di)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再(zai)引軍(jun)(jun)(jun)東(dong)擊(ji)漢(han)(han)(han)更(geng)始(shi)帝屬下的(de)淮陽(yang)(yang)太(tai)守(shou)暴(bao)汜,暴(bao)汜也(ye)歸降(jiang)(jiang),屬縣(xian)(xian)悉定。到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)秋天,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再(zai)次(ci)領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)南(nan)(nan)擊(ji)召陵(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)漯河(he)召陵)、新息(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)息縣(xian)(xian)),皆(jie)平定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)(wu)三年(nian)(公元27年(nian))春季,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)因功(gong)官(guan)遷左將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),再(zai)領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)出(chu)擊(ji)赤(chi)眉于(yu)(yu)新城(今(jin)(jin)湖北大(da)(da)悟)、澠池(chi)(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)澠池(chi))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,連破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不久與(yu)漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝會師于(yu)(yu)宜(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)洛陽(yang)(yang)宜(yi)陽(yang)(yang)),降(jiang)(jiang)服了(le)(le)(le)所有(you)(you)的(de)赤(chi)眉軍(jun)(jun)(jun),完全(quan)穩定了(le)(le)(le)東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)王(wang)(wang)朝。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)生征(zheng)戰,從(cong)未(wei)又敗績,他數次(ci)解(jie)除了(le)(le)(le)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)的(de)潰圍解(jie)急(ji),曾身受(shou)十(shi)二次(ci)重(zhong)傷。漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)善用兵、敢深(shen)入(ru),凡沒(mei)把握(wo)的(de)遠征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰,皆(jie)帶著賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)壯其(qi)勇節,常自從(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故而(er)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直沒(mei)有(you)(you)什么單(dan)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)特殊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勛。后(hou)來(lai)(lai)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)每論功(gong)自伐(fa),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)未(wei)嘗有(you)(you)言。漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝卻(que)說:“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),我(wo)(wo)自知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
東漢(han)建(jian)武(wu)(wu)十三年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元37年(nian)(nian)),定封膠東侯(hou),食郁秩、壯武(wu)(wu)、下密(mi)、即(ji)墨(mo)、梃、觀陽,凡六縣(xian)。賈(jia)復深知漢(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)一直欲偃干戈(ge),修文德(de),不(bu)(bu)欲功(gong)臣擁眾京師(shi),乃(nai)與(yu)(yu)高密(mi)侯(hou)鄧禹并(bing)剽甲兵(bing),敦(dun)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)。漢(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)深然之,遂罷左(zuo)右將軍。賈(jia)復以列(lie)侯(hou)就第,加位特(te)進(jin)。賈(jia)復為(wei)(wei)(wei)人剛毅方(fang)(fang)(fang)直,多大節(jie)。既還私第,闔(he)門養威重。漢(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)最信任(ren)的同窗朱祐大力(li)推薦賈(jia)復宜(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宰相,漢(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)以吏(li)(li)事責三公(gong)(gong),故(gu)(gu)功(gong)臣并(bing)不(bu)(bu)用。是時,列(lie)侯(hou)中惟高密(mi)、固始、膠東三侯(hou)與(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)參(can)議國家大事,恩遇甚(shen)厚。東漢(han)建(jian)武(wu)(wu)三十一年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元55年(nian)(nian)),賈(jia)復逝世,賜謚“剛侯(hou)”。到了東漢(han)漢(han)章帝(di)劉炟即(ji)位(公(gong)(gong)元76~87年(nian)(nian)在(zai)位),封賈(jia)復的兒子賈(jia)邯為(wei)(wei)(wei)膠東侯(hou),封賈(jia)邯的弟弟賈(jia)宗(zong)(zong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)即(ji)墨(mo)侯(hou),各(ge)領一縣(xian)。即(ji)墨(mo)侯(hou)賈(jia)宗(zong)(zong),字武(wu)(wu)孺,少有(you)操行(xing),多智略。初(chu)拜郎中,稍遷,東漢(han)建(jian)初(chu)五年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元80年(nian)(nian))為(wei)(wei)(wei)朔方(fang)(fang)(fang)太守。舊內(nei)郡(jun)徙人在(zai)邊(bian)(bian)者,率多貧弱,為(wei)(wei)(wei)居人所仆役(yi),不(bu)(bu)得為(wei)(wei)(wei)吏(li)(li)。賈(jia)宗(zong)(zong)擢用其任(ren)職者,與(yu)(yu)邊(bian)(bian)吏(li)(li)參(can)選(xuan),轉(zhuan)相監司,以揭發其奸,或(huo)以功(gong)次補長吏(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)各(ge)愿盡死(si)。匈奴(nu)當(dang)時十分懼怕賈(jia)宗(zong)(zong),不(bu)(bu)敢入塞。后征為(wei)(wei)(wei)長水校尉(wei)。賈(jia)宗(zong)(zong)還精通(tong)儒(ru)(ru)術,每宴見,常使與(yu)(yu)少府丁鴻等論議于前。
東漢章和二(er)年(公元(yuan)88年),賈(jia)(jia)宗逝世(shi)(shi),東漢朝廷上(shang)下都(dou)為(wei)(wei)他的去世(shi)(shi)而(er)十分愍惜。賈(jia)(jia)宗的兒(er)子(zi)叫賈(jia)(jia)參(can)。在賈(jia)(jia)參(can)的庶支子(zi)孫(sun)中,有(you)(you)以先祖爵號“即墨(mo)侯(hou)”為(wei)(wei)姓氏(shi)者(zhe),稱(cheng)即墨(mo)氏(shi),后有(you)(you)一部分人省文簡改為(wei)(wei)單姓墨(mo)氏(shi),一部分復為(wei)(wei)賈(jia)(jia)氏(shi),皆世(shi)(shi)代相傳(chuan)至今。
田單、賈復。
即墨(mo)氏(shi)復姓(xing)(xing)是非常古老的姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)之一,但今已經多(duo)省文簡改為(wei)單(dan)姓(xing)(xing)即氏(shi)、墨(mo)氏(shi),即墨(mo)氏(shi)復姓(xing)(xing)反而難見了。
膠東郡(jun):西漢時期設置膠東郡(jun),之后有時是(shi)國,治所在(zai)即墨(今山東平度)。
即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)縣:春秋、戰國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)屬(shu)齊國(guo)。秦朝時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)設(she)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)縣,屬(shu)齊郡(jun)。西漢(han)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)縣城同時(shi)(shi)為膠東王國(guo)都城。東漢(han)及兩(liang)晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)屬(shu)青(qing)州(zhou)。隋、唐、明、清時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)均屬(shu)萊(lai)州(zhou)。民(min)(min)國(guo)三(san)十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(癸未(wei),公元(yuan)1943年(nian)(nian)(nian))分(fen)設(she)即(ji)(ji)(ji)東、即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)兩(liang)縣,民(min)(min)國(guo)三(san)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(甲(jia)申,公元(yuan)1944年(nian)(nian)(nian))4月(yue)即(ji)(ji)(ji)東縣并(bing)入(ru)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)縣,民(min)(min)國(guo)三(san)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(乙酉,公元(yuan)1945年(nian)(nian)(nian))7月(yue),恢復即(ji)(ji)(ji)東縣。中華人民(min)(min)共(gong)和國(guo)建國(guo)初期(qi)(qi),屬(shu)膠州(zhou)專(zhuan)區(qu)。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)即(ji)(ji)(ji)東縣并(bing)入(ru)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)縣,改(gai)屬(shu)萊(lai)陽專(zhuan)區(qu)。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)改(gai)屬(shu)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)。1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue),改(gai)屬(shu)煙臺專(zhuan)區(qu)。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)改(gai)屬(shu)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)撤縣設(she)市(shi)(shi)。
膠(jiao)東堂:以(yi)望立堂。
即(ji)墨堂(tang):以(yi)望(wang)立堂(tang)。
即墨(mo)威:(生(sheng)卒年待考),山東(dong)即墨(mo)人。著名漢朝咸陽令。