黃(huang)(huang)中庸(1030-1110),字長行(xing),號軍城(cheng)居士,北(bei)宋(song)文學家(jia),政治家(jia),北(bei)宋(song)景祐甲(jia)戌進士大理(li)寺評事(shi)黃(huang)(huang)寵之(zhi)子。
黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)反對(dui)奢侈,生活(huo)儉仆。宋英宗(zong)即(ji)位之(zhi)初,朝廷動用(yong)國庫銀(yin)兩,大興(xing)土木,治(zhi)(zhi)理永昭山陵。黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)上(shang)書(shu)進言(yan)說,國用(yong)空乏,眼前連(lian)軍(jun)餉(xiang)也難(nan)以支付,橫征(zheng)暴斂的(de)(de)結果,連(lian)有(you)錢(qian)人家也怨(yuan)(yuan)聲載道。并贊(zan)頌了先帝節儉愛民的(de)(de)舉(ju)措。黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)還(huan)(huan)對(dui)官多政冗的(de)(de)舊裕提(ti)出(chu)批評(ping)意(yi)見(jian).,治(zhi)(zhi)平二年(1065)協助司馬(ma)光撰寫《資治(zhi)(zhi)通鑒》。并主張廣開言(yan)路,必能有(you)益治(zhi)(zhi)道。有(you)些(xie)意(yi)見(jian)還(huan)(huan)是頗得英宗(zong)贊(zan)賞(shang),有(you)的(de)(de)卻沒(mei)有(you)被(bei)(bei)采納。熙寧(ning)二年(1069)始(shi),宋神宗(zong)以王安石為宰相,推行新(xin)法,黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)對(dui)新(xin)法增加農稅傷民之(zhi)舉(ju)多有(you)指責,那些(xie)對(dui)他(ta)有(you)積怨(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)官吏便把他(ta)當成司馬(ma)光的(de)(de)元佑(you)黨人,黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)也因此由侍(shi)中(zhong)兼樞密(mi)院(yuan)副(fu)使宰相被(bei)(bei)降為太常(chang)院(yuan)卿。直到(dao)御(yu)史(shi)中(zhong)丞呂誨上(shang)疏宋神宗(zong),為他(ta)鳴(ming)不(bu)平,這才讓他(ta)調任浙江提(ti)刑。
在(zai)邵武府(fu)(fu)任上(shang),黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)與司(si)馬光觀點(dian)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi),因而激怒了王(wang)安石(shi)(shi)。在(zai)任中(zhong),平民俞興偕妻謀殺一(yi)(yi)婦人(ren),黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)寬平待人(ren)能斷冤(yuan)獄所活(huo)甚眾(zhong)未按新法處置,王(wang)安石(shi)(shi)遂(sui)借此(ci)為(wei)(wei)由,將他(ta)調(diao)出邵武府(fu)(fu),降為(wei)(wei)太(tai)常博士,享受正(zheng)七(qi)品,后(hou)出任太(tai)常院丞、調(diao)任北(bei)海知府(fu)(fu)。其時(shi),青(qing)苗法正(zheng)在(zai)施行(xing),黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)痛(tong)心地說(shuo):“我只看(kan)到青(qing)苗法的害處,實不忍心看(kan)到無罪之人(ren)觸及(ji)刑律。”紹圣初年(1094年),入為(wei)(wei)尚(shang)寶卿。二年,進侍中(zhong)。四年,拜中(zhong)書(shu)舍(she)人(ren)(內閣(ge)中(zhong)書(shu))。北(bei)宋元祐(you)元年(1086年)繼任司(si)馬光宰(zai)相。他(ta)支(zhi)持哲宗司(si)馬光推行(xing)親(qin)民扶民助農(nong)政策,但反對蔡京以挖(wa)掘司(si)馬光墓、廢宣仁(ren)太(tai)后(hou)來打(da)擊元祐(you)派(pai)的過(guo)激做法。北(bei)宋宰(zai)相黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)堅決支(zhi)持章加強邊防、收復失地的政策,推薦精兵良將為(wei)(wei)主力邊帥,果大敗夏兵于平夏城。
宋徽(hui)宗崇寧(ning)元(yuan)年(nian)(1102年(nian)),黃中(zhong)庸進(jin)侍中(zhong)。司馬(ma)光的“扶民助耕”戰略正進(jin)入(ru)收(shou)獲階段,鄯、廓州撫定,邊帥欲舉兵渡(du)黃河西攻。但徽(hui)宗是個(ge)不(bu)思進(jin)取的皇(huang)帝,于是朝(chao)臣多有(you)見風使舵,轉而反對西進(jin)的,黃中(zhong)庸則堅持兵機不(bu)可失,宜速進(jin)軍。收(shou)復中(zhong)原失地,黃中(zhong)庸也因(yin)此加(jia)“光祿大夫(fu)”宰(zai)相(宋朝(chao)的最(zui)高榮譽獎勵)。
同年,蔡京(jing)超擢入相。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)為人正(zheng)(zheng)直,一(yi)身正(zheng)(zheng)氣,而奸(jian)相蔡京(jing)則惡之,二(er)年,宰相黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)被貶為太常(chang)博(bo)士,因(yin)不(bu)滿蔡京(jing)亂(luan)政,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)遂辭(ci)之,以(yi)病老棄官歸隱(yin)興(xing)化軍(jun)城府(fu)西(xi)巷(福建(jian)(jian)莆田雷山巷瑞(rui)龍庵西(xi)鍘其故居(ju)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)文正(zheng)(zheng)公祠尚存)。宰相黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)為官清(qing)廉,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)善詩(shi)文,《全宋(song)詩(shi)》黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(第(di)七(qi)三(san)四二(er)頁有(you)載)《宋(song)史(shi)》稱其“詞章高(gao)風亮節(jie),淳樸雋美(mei)”。告老后還(huan)鄉興(xing)辦學(xue)校(xiao)在(zai)永福潼關(guan)教(jiao)忠(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)收生(sheng)授徒,在(zai)軍(jun)城創建(jian)(jian)步(bu)云書院(yuan)(yuan)培養出(chu)許多高(gao)第(di)名臣(chen)。有(you)旨復起黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)為太常(chang)寺卿(qing)、侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兼樞密(mi)院(yuan)(yuan)副(fu)使宰相,未拜命(宋(song)大觀庚寅1110年)卒,贈(zeng)侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)謚(shi)文正(zheng)(zheng)。宋(song)徽宗賜謚(shi)號(hao)為文正(zheng)(zheng);閩縣狀(zhuang)元宰相許將為銘(ming)其墓,葬(zang)永福梧桐(tong)潼關(guan)教(jiao)忠(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)山北觀音疊座穴。所(suo)著有(you)《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)集》十卷,《莆風清(qing)籟集》、《文正(zheng)(zheng)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)詩(shi)稿》各(ge)一(yi)卷并行(xing)于(yu)世(shi)。