黃中庸(1030-1110),字(zi)長(chang)行,號軍(jun)城居士(shi)(shi),北宋文學家(jia),政治(zhi)家(jia),北宋景祐甲戌進士(shi)(shi)大(da)理寺評事黃寵之子(zi)。
黃中(zhong)庸(yong)反對奢侈,生活(huo)儉仆。宋(song)英(ying)宗(zong)(zong)即位之初,朝(chao)廷動(dong)用(yong)(yong)國(guo)庫銀兩,大興土木,治理永昭山陵(ling)。黃中(zhong)庸(yong)上書進言說(shuo),國(guo)用(yong)(yong)空乏(fa),眼(yan)前(qian)連(lian)(lian)軍餉也難(nan)以支付(fu),橫征暴斂的(de)(de)結果(guo),連(lian)(lian)有(you)錢(qian)人家也怨(yuan)聲載道。并贊頌了先帝節儉愛民的(de)(de)舉措。黃中(zhong)庸(yong)還對官多政冗的(de)(de)舊(jiu)裕(yu)提出批評意見.,治平(ping)二(er)年(1065)協助司(si)馬光(guang)撰寫《資(zi)治通鑒(jian)》。并主張(zhang)廣開言路,必能有(you)益治道。有(you)些意見還是頗得英(ying)宗(zong)(zong)贊賞,有(you)的(de)(de)卻沒有(you)被采納。熙寧二(er)年(1069)始,宋(song)神宗(zong)(zong)以王安石為(wei)宰(zai)相,推行新(xin)(xin)法,黃中(zhong)庸(yong)對新(xin)(xin)法增(zeng)加農稅傷民之舉多有(you)指責(ze),那(nei)些對他有(you)積怨(yuan)的(de)(de)官吏(li)便把他當成(cheng)司(si)馬光(guang)的(de)(de)元佑黨人,黃中(zhong)庸(yong)也因(yin)此由侍中(zhong)兼樞密院副使宰(zai)相被降為(wei)太(tai)常院卿。直到御史(shi)中(zhong)丞呂誨上疏宋(song)神宗(zong)(zong),為(wei)他鳴不平(ping),這才讓他調任浙江提刑。
在邵武(wu)府任(ren)上,黃中(zhong)庸與司(si)馬光(guang)觀點一(yi)致,因(yin)而激怒了(le)王安石。在任(ren)中(zhong),平民(min)俞(yu)興偕妻謀(mou)殺一(yi)婦(fu)人,黃中(zhong)庸寬平待人能斷冤獄(yu)所活甚眾(zhong)未按新法處置,王安石遂(sui)借(jie)此為(wei)由(you),將(jiang)他(ta)調出邵武(wu)府,降(jiang)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)常博士(shi),享受正七(qi)品,后出任(ren)太(tai)(tai)常院丞、調任(ren)北(bei)海知府。其時(shi),青苗(miao)法正在施行,黃中(zhong)庸痛心(xin)地(di)說:“我只看到(dao)青苗(miao)法的害處,實不忍(ren)心(xin)看到(dao)無罪之人觸及刑律。”紹圣初年(nian)(1094年(nian)),入為(wei)尚寶卿。二年(nian),進侍中(zhong)。四年(nian),拜中(zhong)書舍人(內閣中(zhong)書)。北(bei)宋(song)元(yuan)祐元(yuan)年(nian)(1086年(nian))繼(ji)任(ren)司(si)馬光(guang)宰相。他(ta)支(zhi)持哲宗司(si)馬光(guang)推行親民(min)扶民(min)助農政(zheng)策(ce),但(dan)反對蔡京以挖掘(jue)司(si)馬光(guang)墓、廢宣仁太(tai)(tai)后來打擊元(yuan)祐派的過激做法。北(bei)宋(song)宰相黃中(zhong)庸堅(jian)決支(zhi)持章(zhang)加強(qiang)邊(bian)(bian)防、收復失地(di)的政(zheng)策(ce),推薦精兵良(liang)將(jiang)為(wei)主(zhu)力(li)邊(bian)(bian)帥,果大敗(bai)夏兵于平夏城。
宋(song)徽宗崇寧元年(1102年),黃中庸進(jin)侍中。司(si)馬(ma)光的“扶民(min)助耕”戰略(lve)正進(jin)入收獲(huo)階段,鄯、廓(kuo)州撫定,邊(bian)帥欲舉兵渡黃河(he)西(xi)攻(gong)。但徽宗是個不思(si)進(jin)取的皇(huang)帝,于是朝臣多有見風使舵,轉而反(fan)對(dui)西(xi)進(jin)的,黃中庸則堅持兵機不可失,宜速進(jin)軍。收復中原失地(di),黃中庸也(ye)因此加“光祿大(da)夫”宰相(宋(song)朝的最(zui)高榮譽獎勵(li))。
同年(nian),蔡京超擢入相(xiang)。黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)為(wei)人正(zheng)直,一(yi)身正(zheng)氣,而奸相(xiang)蔡京則(ze)惡之(zhi),二年(nian),宰(zai)相(xiang)黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)被貶為(wei)太(tai)常博士,因不滿蔡京亂(luan)政,黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)遂辭之(zhi),以病老棄官歸隱(yin)興(xing)化軍城府(fu)西(xi)巷(xiang)(福建(jian)莆(pu)(pu)田雷山巷(xiang)瑞(rui)龍庵西(xi)鍘其故居黃(huang)文(wen)(wen)正(zheng)公祠尚存)。宰(zai)相(xiang)黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)為(wei)官清廉,黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)善詩文(wen)(wen),《全宋(song)詩》黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(第(di)七(qi)三四(si)二頁(ye)有(you)載)《宋(song)史》稱其“詞章高(gao)風(feng)亮節,淳樸雋美”。告(gao)老后還(huan)鄉興(xing)辦(ban)學校在(zai)永(yong)福潼關教(jiao)忠院(yuan)收生授徒,在(zai)軍城創建(jian)步云(yun)書院(yuan)培養出許多高(gao)第(di)名臣。有(you)旨復(fu)起黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)為(wei)太(tai)常寺(si)卿、侍中(zhong)(zhong)兼(jian)樞密院(yuan)副使宰(zai)相(xiang),未拜命(宋(song)大觀庚寅1110年(nian))卒,贈侍中(zhong)(zhong)謚文(wen)(wen)正(zheng)。宋(song)徽宗賜謚號為(wei)文(wen)(wen)正(zheng);閩縣(xian)狀元宰(zai)相(xiang)許將為(wei)銘其墓(mu),葬永(yong)福梧桐(tong)潼關教(jiao)忠院(yuan)山北(bei)觀音疊座(zuo)穴。所著有(you)《黃(huang)侍中(zhong)(zhong)集(ji)》十卷(juan),《莆(pu)(pu)風(feng)清籟(lai)集(ji)》、《文(wen)(wen)正(zheng)黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)詩稿》各一(yi)卷(juan)并行于世。