黃中庸(1030-1110),字(zi)長行,號軍城居士(shi),北宋(song)文學家(jia),政(zheng)治家(jia),北宋(song)景祐甲戌進士(shi)大理寺評事(shi)黃寵之子。
黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸反對奢(she)侈,生(sheng)活儉仆。宋(song)英(ying)宗(zong)即位(wei)之(zhi)初,朝廷動(dong)用國庫(ku)銀兩,大興土木(mu),治理永昭山陵。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸上書進言說,國用空乏,眼前連軍餉也(ye)(ye)(ye)難以支(zhi)付(fu),橫征暴斂的(de)結果,連有(you)(you)錢人家也(ye)(ye)(ye)怨聲載道(dao)。并贊頌了先帝(di)節(jie)儉愛(ai)民的(de)舉(ju)措。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸還(huan)對官多政冗的(de)舊裕提出(chu)批評意見(jian)(jian).,治平二年(nian)(1065)協助司馬光撰寫《資治通鑒》。并主張廣開(kai)言路,必能有(you)(you)益治道(dao)。有(you)(you)些(xie)意見(jian)(jian)還(huan)是頗得(de)英(ying)宗(zong)贊賞,有(you)(you)的(de)卻沒(mei)有(you)(you)被采(cai)納。熙寧二年(nian)(1069)始,宋(song)神宗(zong)以王安石為(wei)(wei)宰(zai)(zai)相,推行新法,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸對新法增加農稅傷民之(zhi)舉(ju)多有(you)(you)指責,那些(xie)對他有(you)(you)積怨的(de)官吏便把(ba)他當成司馬光的(de)元(yuan)佑(you)黨人,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸也(ye)(ye)(ye)因(yin)此由侍中(zhong)(zhong)兼樞(shu)密(mi)院副使宰(zai)(zai)相被降為(wei)(wei)太常院卿(qing)。直到御史中(zhong)(zhong)丞呂(lv)誨上疏宋(song)神宗(zong),為(wei)(wei)他鳴不平,這才讓他調任浙江提刑。
在(zai)邵(shao)武府任(ren)上,黃中(zhong)庸(yong)與司馬(ma)(ma)光(guang)觀點(dian)一(yi)致,因(yin)而激怒了王(wang)安(an)石(shi)。在(zai)任(ren)中(zhong),平民(min)(min)俞興偕妻謀(mou)殺一(yi)婦人,黃中(zhong)庸(yong)寬平待人能斷冤獄所活甚眾未按新(xin)法處置,王(wang)安(an)石(shi)遂借此(ci)為由,將他調出邵(shao)武府,降為太(tai)常(chang)博士,享(xiang)受(shou)正七品(pin),后(hou)出任(ren)太(tai)常(chang)院丞(cheng)、調任(ren)北海知府。其時(shi),青苗(miao)(miao)法正在(zai)施(shi)行,黃中(zhong)庸(yong)痛心(xin)(xin)地(di)說(shuo):“我(wo)只看(kan)到青苗(miao)(miao)法的(de)(de)害處,實不忍心(xin)(xin)看(kan)到無罪之人觸及刑律(lv)。”紹(shao)圣初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1094年(nian)(nian)(nian)),入為尚寶卿。二年(nian)(nian)(nian),進侍中(zhong)。四年(nian)(nian)(nian),拜中(zhong)書舍人(內閣(ge)中(zhong)書)。北宋元(yuan)祐(you)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1086年(nian)(nian)(nian))繼(ji)任(ren)司馬(ma)(ma)光(guang)宰相。他支(zhi)持哲宗司馬(ma)(ma)光(guang)推行親民(min)(min)扶民(min)(min)助農政策,但反對(dui)蔡京以(yi)挖掘司馬(ma)(ma)光(guang)墓、廢(fei)宣仁(ren)太(tai)后(hou)來(lai)打擊元(yuan)祐(you)派的(de)(de)過(guo)激做法。北宋宰相黃中(zhong)庸(yong)堅決支(zhi)持章(zhang)加強邊防、收復失地(di)的(de)(de)政策,推薦精兵良將為主力(li)邊帥(shuai),果大敗(bai)夏(xia)兵于平夏(xia)城。
宋(song)徽(hui)宗(zong)崇寧元年(nian)(1102年(nian)),黃中庸(yong)進侍中。司馬光的“扶(fu)民助耕”戰略正進入(ru)收獲階段,鄯(shan)、廓(kuo)州撫定(ding),邊帥欲(yu)舉兵渡(du)黃河西攻。但徽(hui)宗(zong)是(shi)個不(bu)思進取的皇帝,于是(shi)朝(chao)臣多有見(jian)風使舵(duo),轉而反(fan)對西進的,黃中庸(yong)則堅(jian)持兵機不(bu)可(ke)失,宜速(su)進軍。收復中原失地,黃中庸(yong)也因此加“光祿(lu)大夫”宰相(xiang)(宋(song)朝(chao)的最高榮譽獎勵)。
同(tong)年,蔡京(jing)超擢(zhuo)入相。黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)為人正(zheng)直,一(yi)身正(zheng)氣,而(er)奸相蔡京(jing)則惡之,二年,宰(zai)相黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)被貶為太常博士,因不滿蔡京(jing)亂政(zheng),黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)遂辭(ci)之,以(yi)病老(lao)棄官(guan)歸隱興(xing)化軍城府西巷(福建(jian)莆(pu)田雷山巷瑞龍庵西鍘其(qi)故居黃(huang)文(wen)正(zheng)公祠尚存)。宰(zai)相黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)為官(guan)清廉,黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)善詩文(wen),《全宋(song)詩》黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(第七三四二頁有載)《宋(song)史(shi)》稱(cheng)其(qi)“詞章高風亮節,淳樸雋(jun)美(mei)”。告老(lao)后還鄉興(xing)辦學校在永福潼(tong)關(guan)教忠院收生授徒(tu),在軍城創建(jian)步云書院培養出許多高第名臣。有旨復(fu)起黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)為太常寺卿(qing)、侍(shi)中(zhong)兼樞密院副(fu)使(shi)宰(zai)相,未拜命(宋(song)大(da)觀庚寅1110年)卒,贈侍(shi)中(zhong)謚文(wen)正(zheng)。宋(song)徽宗賜謚號為文(wen)正(zheng);閩縣狀元宰(zai)相許將為銘(ming)其(qi)墓(mu),葬(zang)永福梧桐潼(tong)關(guan)教忠院山北(bei)觀音疊座穴。所(suo)著(zhu)有《黃(huang)侍(shi)中(zhong)集》十卷,《莆(pu)風清籟集》、《文(wen)正(zheng)黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)詩稿》各一(yi)卷并行于世。