黃中庸(1030-1110),字長行,號軍城居士,北宋文學家,政治家,北宋景(jing)祐甲(jia)戌進士大(da)理寺評事黃寵之子。
黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸反(fan)對(dui)奢(she)侈,生活儉仆。宋(song)英(ying)宗(zong)即位(wei)之初,朝(chao)廷動用國庫銀兩,大(da)興土木,治理永昭山陵(ling)。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸上書進(jin)言說,國用空(kong)乏(fa),眼前連軍餉也(ye)(ye)難以支(zhi)付,橫征暴斂的結果,連有(you)(you)錢人(ren)家也(ye)(ye)怨聲載道。并贊頌了先帝節儉愛(ai)民的舉(ju)措。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸還對(dui)官多政冗的舊裕提(ti)出批(pi)評意見(jian)(jian).,治平(ping)(ping)二年(1065)協助司馬光撰(zhuan)寫《資治通鑒》。并主(zhu)張廣(guang)開(kai)言路,必能(neng)有(you)(you)益(yi)治道。有(you)(you)些(xie)意見(jian)(jian)還是頗(po)得英(ying)宗(zong)贊賞,有(you)(you)的卻沒(mei)有(you)(you)被采(cai)納(na)。熙(xi)寧二年(1069)始,宋(song)神宗(zong)以王安(an)石為(wei)宰相,推行新(xin)法,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸對(dui)新(xin)法增(zeng)加(jia)農稅傷民之舉(ju)多有(you)(you)指(zhi)責,那些(xie)對(dui)他(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)積怨的官吏便把他(ta)(ta)當成(cheng)司馬光的元佑黨人(ren),黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸也(ye)(ye)因此由侍中(zhong)兼樞密(mi)院副(fu)使宰相被降為(wei)太常院卿。直到御史(shi)中(zhong)丞(cheng)呂誨上疏宋(song)神宗(zong),為(wei)他(ta)(ta)鳴不(bu)平(ping)(ping),這(zhe)才讓他(ta)(ta)調任浙江提(ti)刑。
在(zai)(zai)邵(shao)武(wu)府任(ren)(ren)上,黃中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)與司(si)馬(ma)光(guang)觀點一(yi)(yi)致,因而激(ji)怒(nu)了王安石。在(zai)(zai)任(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong),平民俞興偕妻謀殺一(yi)(yi)婦(fu)人,黃中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)寬平待人能(neng)斷冤(yuan)獄所活甚(shen)眾(zhong)未按新法(fa)處置,王安石遂(sui)借此為由,將他調(diao)(diao)出邵(shao)武(wu)府,降為太(tai)常(chang)博士(shi),享受正(zheng)七(qi)品,后出任(ren)(ren)太(tai)常(chang)院丞、調(diao)(diao)任(ren)(ren)北(bei)海知府。其時,青苗法(fa)正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)施行,黃中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)痛心地說:“我只看到(dao)青苗法(fa)的害處,實不(bu)忍(ren)心看到(dao)無罪之(zhi)人觸及(ji)刑(xing)律。”紹(shao)圣初(chu)年(1094年),入(ru)為尚(shang)寶卿。二(er)年,進侍中(zhong)(zhong)。四年,拜中(zhong)(zhong)書舍(she)人(內閣(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)書)。北(bei)宋元祐元年(1086年)繼任(ren)(ren)司(si)馬(ma)光(guang)宰(zai)相。他支(zhi)持哲宗(zong)司(si)馬(ma)光(guang)推行親民扶民助農政策,但反對蔡(cai)京以挖掘司(si)馬(ma)光(guang)墓、廢(fei)宣仁太(tai)后來打擊元祐派的過(guo)激(ji)做法(fa)。北(bei)宋宰(zai)相黃中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)堅決支(zhi)持章加強邊(bian)防、收復失地的政策,推薦精兵(bing)(bing)良(liang)將為主力邊(bian)帥,果大(da)敗夏兵(bing)(bing)于平夏城。
宋(song)徽宗(zong)崇寧元年(1102年),黃(huang)中庸進(jin)侍中。司(si)馬光的“扶民助耕”戰略正進(jin)入收獲(huo)階段,鄯、廓州撫(fu)定,邊帥欲舉兵渡黃(huang)河西攻。但(dan)徽宗(zong)是個不思進(jin)取(qu)的皇帝,于是朝臣多有(you)見(jian)風使舵,轉而反對西進(jin)的,黃(huang)中庸則堅持兵機不可失(shi),宜速進(jin)軍(jun)。收復(fu)中原(yuan)失(shi)地(di),黃(huang)中庸也(ye)因(yin)此加“光祿大夫”宰相(宋(song)朝的最高(gao)榮譽獎勵(li))。
同年,蔡京超(chao)擢入相(xiang)。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)為人正(zheng)(zheng)直,一身正(zheng)(zheng)氣,而奸相(xiang)蔡京則惡之,二年,宰(zai)相(xiang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)被(bei)貶為太常(chang)博士,因不滿蔡京亂政,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)遂辭(ci)之,以病(bing)老棄官歸隱興化軍城(cheng)府西巷(xiang)(福(fu)(fu)建(jian)莆田雷山(shan)巷(xiang)瑞龍庵西鍘其(qi)故居黃(huang)(huang)(huang)文(wen)正(zheng)(zheng)公(gong)祠尚(shang)存)。宰(zai)相(xiang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)為官清廉,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)善詩(shi)(shi)文(wen),《全宋(song)詩(shi)(shi)》黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(第七三四二頁有載)《宋(song)史》稱(cheng)其(qi)“詞(ci)章(zhang)高(gao)風(feng)亮(liang)節,淳(chun)樸(pu)雋(jun)美”。告老后還鄉(xiang)興辦學校(xiao)在(zai)(zai)永福(fu)(fu)潼關教(jiao)忠院收生授徒,在(zai)(zai)軍城(cheng)創建(jian)步云書院培養出許(xu)多高(gao)第名(ming)臣。有旨復起黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)為太常(chang)寺卿、侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兼樞密院副(fu)使(shi)宰(zai)相(xiang),未拜(bai)命(宋(song)大觀庚寅1110年)卒,贈侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)謚文(wen)正(zheng)(zheng)。宋(song)徽宗賜謚號為文(wen)正(zheng)(zheng);閩(min)縣狀元宰(zai)相(xiang)許(xu)將為銘其(qi)墓,葬永福(fu)(fu)梧桐(tong)潼關教(jiao)忠院山(shan)北觀音疊座穴(xue)。所著(zhu)有《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)集(ji)(ji)》十卷,《莆風(feng)清籟集(ji)(ji)》、《文(wen)正(zheng)(zheng)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)詩(shi)(shi)稿》各一卷并行于世。