黃中(zhong)庸(1030-1110),字長行,號軍城居士(shi),北(bei)宋文學(xue)家,政治家,北(bei)宋景祐甲戌進士(shi)大理寺評事黃寵(chong)之子(zi)。
黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸反對(dui)奢(she)侈(chi),生活儉仆。宋英宗(zong)即位之初,朝廷(ting)動用(yong)國(guo)(guo)庫銀(yin)兩,大興土木(mu),治理永昭(zhao)山陵。黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸上書進言說,國(guo)(guo)用(yong)空乏,眼前連(lian)軍餉也(ye)(ye)難以(yi)支付,橫征暴斂(lian)的(de)結果,連(lian)有錢人家也(ye)(ye)怨聲載道(dao)(dao)。并贊頌了(le)先帝節儉愛民的(de)舉(ju)措。黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸還(huan)對(dui)官多(duo)政冗的(de)舊裕(yu)提出批評(ping)意(yi)見.,治平二年(1065)協助(zhu)司馬光撰寫《資治通鑒》。并主張廣開(kai)言路,必能有益治道(dao)(dao)。有些意(yi)見還(huan)是頗(po)得英宗(zong)贊賞(shang),有的(de)卻沒有被(bei)(bei)采(cai)納。熙寧二年(1069)始,宋神(shen)宗(zong)以(yi)王安石為(wei)宰相,推行新(xin)法,黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸對(dui)新(xin)法增(zeng)加農(nong)稅傷(shang)民之舉(ju)多(duo)有指(zhi)責(ze),那些對(dui)他(ta)有積怨的(de)官吏便把他(ta)當(dang)成(cheng)司馬光的(de)元佑黨人,黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸也(ye)(ye)因此由侍中(zhong)(zhong)兼樞密院副使(shi)宰相被(bei)(bei)降為(wei)太常院卿。直到御史中(zhong)(zhong)丞呂(lv)誨(hui)上疏宋神(shen)宗(zong),為(wei)他(ta)鳴不平,這才讓(rang)他(ta)調任浙江提刑。
在(zai)邵(shao)武府任上,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸與司馬光觀點一(yi)致,因而激怒了王安(an)石(shi)(shi)。在(zai)任中(zhong),平民俞興偕(xie)妻(qi)謀殺一(yi)婦人(ren),黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸寬平待(dai)人(ren)能斷冤獄(yu)所活甚眾未按新法處置,王安(an)石(shi)(shi)遂借此為由,將(jiang)他調出邵(shao)武府,降為太(tai)常(chang)(chang)博(bo)士,享受正七品(pin),后出任太(tai)常(chang)(chang)院丞、調任北海知府。其時,青(qing)苗法正在(zai)施行(xing),黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸痛心地(di)說:“我(wo)只(zhi)看(kan)到青(qing)苗法的害處,實不忍心看(kan)到無罪之人(ren)觸及刑(xing)律。”紹圣初年(nian)(1094年(nian)),入(ru)為尚(shang)寶卿。二年(nian),進侍中(zhong)。四(si)年(nian),拜中(zhong)書(shu)舍人(ren)(內閣中(zhong)書(shu))。北宋(song)元祐(you)元年(nian)(1086年(nian))繼(ji)任司馬光宰相。他支持哲宗司馬光推行(xing)親民扶民助農政策(ce),但反對蔡京(jing)以(yi)挖掘司馬光墓、廢(fei)宣(xuan)仁(ren)太(tai)后來(lai)打(da)擊元祐(you)派的過激做法。北宋(song)宰相黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸堅決(jue)支持章加強(qiang)邊防、收復失地(di)的政策(ce),推薦精(jing)兵良將(jiang)為主力邊帥,果大敗(bai)夏(xia)兵于平夏(xia)城。
宋徽宗崇寧元年(nian)(1102年(nian)),黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸進侍中(zhong)(zhong)。司馬光的“扶民助耕”戰(zhan)略(lve)正進入(ru)收獲階(jie)段,鄯、廓州撫(fu)定,邊帥欲舉(ju)兵(bing)渡黃(huang)(huang)(huang)河西攻(gong)。但(dan)徽宗是個不(bu)(bu)思進取的皇帝,于是朝(chao)臣多有見風使舵(duo),轉而反對(dui)西進的,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸則堅持兵(bing)機不(bu)(bu)可失,宜速進軍。收復中(zhong)(zhong)原失地,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸也因此加“光祿(lu)大夫(fu)”宰相(xiang)(宋朝(chao)的最高榮譽獎(jiang)勵)。
同年,蔡(cai)(cai)京(jing)超擢(zhuo)入相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)為(wei)人正(zheng)直,一身正(zheng)氣,而奸(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)蔡(cai)(cai)京(jing)則惡(e)之,二年,宰(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)被貶為(wei)太(tai)常博士,因不滿蔡(cai)(cai)京(jing)亂(luan)政,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)遂辭之,以病老(lao)棄官歸隱興化軍城(cheng)府(fu)西巷(福建(jian)莆(pu)田雷山(shan)巷瑞(rui)龍(long)庵西鍘其(qi)故居黃(huang)(huang)(huang)文(wen)正(zheng)公祠尚存)。宰(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)為(wei)官清廉,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)善詩文(wen),《全宋詩》黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(第七三四(si)二頁有載(zai))《宋史》稱(cheng)其(qi)“詞章高風亮節,淳(chun)樸雋美”。告(gao)老(lao)后還鄉興辦學(xue)校(xiao)在永(yong)福潼關(guan)教忠(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)收生授徒(tu),在軍城(cheng)創(chuang)建(jian)步云書院(yuan)(yuan)培(pei)養出許多高第名臣。有旨復起黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)為(wei)太(tai)常寺卿、侍中(zhong)(zhong)兼(jian)樞密院(yuan)(yuan)副使宰(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),未拜命(宋大(da)觀(guan)庚寅1110年)卒,贈侍中(zhong)(zhong)謚(shi)(shi)文(wen)正(zheng)。宋徽宗賜謚(shi)(shi)號為(wei)文(wen)正(zheng);閩縣狀元宰(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)許將為(wei)銘其(qi)墓,葬永(yong)福梧桐(tong)潼關(guan)教忠(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)北觀(guan)音疊座穴。所(suo)著(zhu)有《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)侍中(zhong)(zhong)集》十卷,《莆(pu)風清籟(lai)集》、《文(wen)正(zheng)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)詩稿》各(ge)一卷并行于世。