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人物簡介

黃中(zhong)庸（1030－1110），字長行，號軍城居士，北宋(song)文學家，政治(zhi)家，北宋(song)景祐(you)甲戌進(jin)士大理(li)寺評(ping)事黃寵之子。

主要經歷

黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)反對(dui)奢侈(chi)，生活(huo)儉仆。宋英(ying)宗(zong)即位之初(chu)，朝廷動用國庫銀兩，大興土(tu)木，治理永(yong)昭山陵。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)書進言(yan)說，國用空乏，眼前(qian)連(lian)軍餉也(ye)難以支付，橫征暴(bao)斂的(de)結果，連(lian)有(you)(you)錢人家(jia)也(ye)怨聲載道(dao)。并(bing)贊(zan)頌(song)了先帝節儉愛民(min)的(de)舉措。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)還對(dui)官多(duo)政冗(rong)的(de)舊(jiu)裕提出(chu)批評意見.，治平(ping)二年(nian)（1065）協助司馬(ma)光(guang)撰寫《資治通(tong)鑒》。并(bing)主(zhu)張廣開(kai)言(yan)路，必能有(you)(you)益治道(dao)。有(you)(you)些意見還是頗得(de)英(ying)宗(zong)贊(zan)賞，有(you)(you)的(de)卻沒(mei)有(you)(you)被采納(na)。熙寧二年(nian)（1069）始，宋神宗(zong)以王(wang)安(an)石為宰相，推行新法，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)新法增加(jia)農稅傷民(min)之舉多(duo)有(you)(you)指責，那些對(dui)他有(you)(you)積怨的(de)官吏(li)便把他當成(cheng)司馬(ma)光(guang)的(de)元(yuan)佑黨人，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)因此由侍中(zhong)兼樞(shu)密院副使宰相被降為太常院卿。直到御史中(zhong)丞呂誨(hui)上(shang)疏宋神宗(zong)，為他鳴(ming)不平(ping)，這才(cai)讓他調任浙(zhe)江提刑。

在邵武府任(ren)上，黃中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)與司馬光(guang)觀(guan)點一(yi)致，因而激(ji)怒了王(wang)安石。在任(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)，平民俞興(xing)偕(xie)妻謀殺一(yi)婦人(ren)，黃中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)寬平待人(ren)能斷冤獄所活甚眾未按新法(fa)(fa)處置(zhi)，王(wang)安石遂(sui)借(jie)此為(wei)由，將他調出邵武府，降為(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)常博士，享受(shou)正(zheng)七品，后出任(ren)太(tai)(tai)(tai)常院丞、調任(ren)北海知府。其時，青苗法(fa)(fa)正(zheng)在施(shi)行(xing)，黃中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)痛心地說(shuo)：“我只看到青苗法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)害處，實不忍(ren)心看到無罪(zui)之(zhi)人(ren)觸及(ji)刑律(lv)。”紹(shao)圣初年(nian)（1094年(nian)），入為(wei)尚寶卿(qing)。二年(nian)，進侍中(zhong)(zhong)。四年(nian)，拜中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)舍人(ren)（內閣中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)）。北宋(song)元(yuan)(yuan)祐元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)（1086年(nian)）繼任(ren)司馬光(guang)宰相(xiang)。他支(zhi)持哲(zhe)宗司馬光(guang)推行(xing)親民扶(fu)民助農政策(ce)，但(dan)反對蔡京以(yi)挖掘司馬光(guang)墓(mu)、廢(fei)宣仁太(tai)(tai)(tai)后來(lai)打擊元(yuan)(yuan)祐派的(de)(de)過激(ji)做(zuo)法(fa)(fa)。北宋(song)宰相(xiang)黃中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)堅決支(zhi)持章加強邊防、收復失(shi)地的(de)(de)政策(ce)，推薦精兵良將為(wei)主力邊帥，果大敗(bai)夏兵于(yu)平夏城。

宋(song)徽(hui)宗(zong)崇(chong)寧元年(nian)（1102年(nian)），黃(huang)中庸進(jin)(jin)侍中。司馬光(guang)的(de)“扶(fu)民助耕”戰(zhan)略正進(jin)(jin)入收獲階段(duan)，鄯、廓州(zhou)撫定，邊帥欲舉(ju)兵渡(du)黃(huang)河西攻。但徽(hui)宗(zong)是(shi)個不思進(jin)(jin)取(qu)的(de)皇帝(di)，于是(shi)朝臣多有見風使舵，轉而(er)反對西進(jin)(jin)的(de)，黃(huang)中庸則堅(jian)持兵機不可失，宜速進(jin)(jin)軍(jun)。收復中原失地，黃(huang)中庸也因此加“光(guang)祿大夫(fu)”宰相（宋(song)朝的(de)最高榮譽獎(jiang)勵(li)）。

同年，蔡(cai)(cai)京(jing)超擢入相(xiang)。黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)為人正(zheng)直，一身正(zheng)氣，而奸相(xiang)蔡(cai)(cai)京(jing)則惡之，二年，宰相(xiang)黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)被貶為太常博士，因不滿蔡(cai)(cai)京(jing)亂政(zheng)，黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)遂辭之，以病(bing)老棄官(guan)歸隱(yin)興化軍(jun)城(cheng)府西(xi)巷（福(fu)(fu)(fu)建莆(pu)田(tian)雷山巷瑞龍庵西(xi)鍘其故居黃(huang)(huang)文(wen)正(zheng)公(gong)祠(ci)尚存(cun)）。宰相(xiang)黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)為官(guan)清廉，黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)善(shan)詩文(wen)，《全宋(song)(song)詩》黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)（第七三四二頁有(you)載）《宋(song)(song)史》稱(cheng)其“詞(ci)章高風亮節，淳樸(pu)雋美”。告老后還鄉興辦學校在(zai)永(yong)福(fu)(fu)(fu)潼(tong)關教(jiao)忠(zhong)院(yuan)收生授徒(tu)，在(zai)軍(jun)城(cheng)創建步云書院(yuan)培養(yang)出許(xu)多高第名臣。有(you)旨復起(qi)黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)為太常寺卿、侍中(zhong)(zhong)兼樞密院(yuan)副使宰相(xiang)，未(wei)拜命（宋(song)(song)大觀(guan)(guan)庚寅1110年）卒，贈侍中(zhong)(zhong)謚(shi)文(wen)正(zheng)。宋(song)(song)徽宗賜謚(shi)號為文(wen)正(zheng)；閩縣狀元(yuan)宰相(xiang)許(xu)將為銘其墓(mu)，葬永(yong)福(fu)(fu)(fu)梧桐潼(tong)關教(jiao)忠(zhong)院(yuan)山北觀(guan)(guan)音疊座穴(xue)。所著有(you)《黃(huang)(huang)侍中(zhong)(zhong)集》十卷(juan)，《莆(pu)風清籟集》、《文(wen)正(zheng)黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)詩稿》各一卷(juan)并(bing)行于世。