黃中(zhong)庸(1030-1110),字長行,號(hao)軍城居士(shi),北宋(song)(song)文學家(jia),政治(zhi)家(jia),北宋(song)(song)景祐甲戌(xu)進士(shi)大理寺評事黃寵之子(zi)。
黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)(yong)反對(dui)奢侈(chi),生活儉仆。宋(song)英(ying)宗(zong)即位之初,朝廷動用(yong)國庫銀兩(liang),大(da)興土(tu)木,治理永昭山陵。黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)(yong)上(shang)書進言說,國用(yong)空(kong)乏(fa),眼前(qian)連(lian)軍餉也難(nan)以支(zhi)付,橫征(zheng)暴斂的(de)(de)結果,連(lian)有錢人家也怨(yuan)(yuan)聲載道。并贊頌了先帝(di)節(jie)儉愛(ai)民的(de)(de)舉(ju)措。黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)(yong)還對(dui)官多政冗(rong)的(de)(de)舊裕提(ti)出批評意見.,治平二年(1065)協助司馬(ma)光(guang)(guang)撰寫《資治通鑒》。并主(zhu)張廣開言路,必能有益治道。有些意見還是頗(po)得英(ying)宗(zong)贊賞,有的(de)(de)卻沒(mei)有被(bei)采納。熙寧(ning)二年(1069)始,宋(song)神(shen)宗(zong)以王安石為宰相(xiang),推行新(xin)法(fa)(fa),黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)(yong)對(dui)新(xin)法(fa)(fa)增加農稅傷(shang)民之舉(ju)多有指責(ze),那些對(dui)他有積(ji)怨(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)官吏便把(ba)他當成司馬(ma)光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)元佑黨人,黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)(yong)也因此由侍中兼樞密院副使宰相(xiang)被(bei)降(jiang)為太(tai)常院卿。直到御史中丞呂誨(hui)上(shang)疏宋(song)神(shen)宗(zong),為他鳴不(bu)平,這才讓(rang)他調任浙江提(ti)刑。
在邵武府(fu)(fu)(fu)任(ren)上,黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與司馬(ma)(ma)光觀(guan)點一致,因而激怒了王安(an)石。在任(ren)中(zhong)(zhong),平(ping)民(min)俞興偕妻(qi)謀殺一婦(fu)人,黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)寬平(ping)待人能斷冤(yuan)獄所(suo)活甚眾未按新法(fa)處(chu)置,王安(an)石遂借(jie)此為由,將(jiang)他調出邵武府(fu)(fu)(fu),降為太(tai)常博士,享受正七品(pin),后出任(ren)太(tai)常院丞、調任(ren)北(bei)海知府(fu)(fu)(fu)。其時,青(qing)苗(miao)法(fa)正在施行(xing),黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)痛心地(di)(di)說:“我只看(kan)到青(qing)苗(miao)法(fa)的害處(chu),實不忍心看(kan)到無(wu)罪之人觸及刑(xing)律。”紹圣初年(nian)(1094年(nian)),入為尚寶(bao)卿。二年(nian),進侍中(zhong)(zhong)。四(si)年(nian),拜(bai)中(zhong)(zhong)書舍人(內閣(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)書)。北(bei)宋元祐元年(nian)(1086年(nian))繼任(ren)司馬(ma)(ma)光宰相(xiang)。他支(zhi)持(chi)哲宗司馬(ma)(ma)光推行(xing)親民(min)扶民(min)助農政策,但反對蔡(cai)京(jing)以挖掘(jue)司馬(ma)(ma)光墓、廢宣仁(ren)太(tai)后來打(da)擊元祐派(pai)的過激做法(fa)。北(bei)宋宰相(xiang)黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)堅決支(zhi)持(chi)章加強邊防、收復失地(di)(di)的政策,推薦精(jing)兵(bing)良將(jiang)為主力邊帥,果大敗夏兵(bing)于平(ping)夏城。
宋徽宗崇(chong)寧元年(1102年),黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)進(jin)(jin)侍中(zhong)。司(si)馬光的“扶民助耕”戰略正進(jin)(jin)入收獲階段,鄯、廓州(zhou)撫定(ding),邊(bian)帥欲舉(ju)兵渡黃(huang)河西攻。但(dan)徽宗是個(ge)不(bu)(bu)思(si)進(jin)(jin)取的皇帝,于(yu)是朝(chao)臣多(duo)有見風使舵,轉而反對西進(jin)(jin)的,黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)則(ze)堅(jian)持兵機(ji)不(bu)(bu)可失,宜速進(jin)(jin)軍。收復中(zhong)原失地,黃(huang)中(zhong)庸(yong)也(ye)因(yin)此加(jia)“光祿大夫”宰相(宋朝(chao)的最高(gao)榮(rong)譽(yu)獎勵(li))。
同年,蔡(cai)京(jing)超擢入相(xiang)(xiang)。黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人正直,一(yi)身正氣,而奸相(xiang)(xiang)蔡(cai)京(jing)則(ze)惡之,二(er)年,宰相(xiang)(xiang)黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)被貶為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)常(chang)博士,因(yin)不滿(man)蔡(cai)京(jing)亂政(zheng),黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)遂辭之,以病老棄(qi)官歸隱興化軍(jun)(jun)城府(fu)西巷(福(fu)建莆(pu)田雷(lei)山巷瑞龍(long)庵西鍘其故(gu)居黃(huang)(huang)文正公祠尚存)。宰相(xiang)(xiang)黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官清廉,黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)善(shan)詩文,《全宋詩》黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)(第七三四二(er)頁(ye)有載)《宋史》稱其“詞章高風亮節(jie),淳樸雋美”。告老后(hou)還鄉(xiang)興辦學校在(zai)永(yong)福(fu)潼關(guan)教(jiao)忠院(yuan)收生(sheng)授(shou)徒(tu),在(zai)軍(jun)(jun)城創建步(bu)云書(shu)院(yuan)培養出(chu)許多高第名臣。有旨復起黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)常(chang)寺卿、侍(shi)(shi)中兼樞密院(yuan)副使宰相(xiang)(xiang),未拜命(ming)(宋大觀(guan)庚寅1110年)卒,贈侍(shi)(shi)中謚文正。宋徽宗賜謚號為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文正;閩縣狀元宰相(xiang)(xiang)許將為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)銘其墓,葬(zang)永(yong)福(fu)梧桐(tong)潼關(guan)教(jiao)忠院(yuan)山北觀(guan)音疊(die)座穴。所著有《黃(huang)(huang)侍(shi)(shi)中集》十卷(juan),《莆(pu)風清籟集》、《文正黃(huang)(huang)中庸(yong)詩稿(gao)》各一(yi)卷(juan)并行于世(shi)。