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基本介紹

白額巨蟹蛛(zhu)(zhu)屬蜘蛛(zhu)(zhu)目巨蟹蛛(zhu)(zhu)科(ke)體形較大。成體雌蛛(zhu)(zhu)體長通常(chang)20-30mm，雄蛛(zhu)(zhu)15-20mm，因在額與眼區前緣之間有一條白紋(wen)故(gu)名(ming)，常(chang)見于(yu)居室內外的(de)墻壁(bi)上，多在夜間捕食居室附(fu)近(jin)的(de)衛生害(hai)蟲(chong).如蟑螂、蠅類和(he)蚊類，有時(shi)亦在村莊(zhuang)附(fu)近(jin)的(de)稻田中捕食。

生長與分布

棲息環境

白額巨蟹蛛(zhu)廣泛分布(bu)于(yu)低海拔山區和平地，常見于(yu)稻、棉(mian)田附近的房屋內、外墻上。

分布范圍

中(zhong)國四川(chuan)、江西(xi)、浙江、安(an)徽、湖(hu)北、湖(hu)南、臺灣、廣東、西(xi)藏、云南等。

形態及特征

雌蛛

雌蛛體長(chang)(chang)20～28毫米。頭胸(xiong)部灰(hui)褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，長(chang)(chang)寬略等，前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)緣橫(heng)直(zhi)(zhi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)窩縱(zong)向、色(se)(se)(se)(se)深，頸溝、放射溝明顯。眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與額之間(jian)有1條(tiao)短白毛(mao)(mao)組成的橫(heng)紋(wen)，背甲近似方形，后(hou)緣有一(yi)灰(hui)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)橫(heng)帶。胸(xiong)部兩側由(you)深褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)構成的斑紋(wen)。頭部向前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)延長(chang)(chang)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)線端直(zhi)(zhi)，眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。8眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)兩列，同型，前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)列微前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)曲(qu)，后(hou)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)列平(ping)直(zhi)(zhi)且長(chang)(chang)于(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)列，稍(shao)微后(hou)曲(qu)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)小于(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)側眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)距(ju)大(da)于(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)側眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)距(ju)，后(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)距(ju)小于(yu)后(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、側眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)距(ju)，后(hou)側眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)稍(shao)大(da)于(yu)后(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，有眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)丘(qiu)。螯(ao)肢深褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，其上(shang)密(mi)布褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)細長(chang)(chang)毛(mao)(mao)，側結(jie)節明顯。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)齒(chi)堤(di)2齒(chi)，后(hou)齒(chi)堤(di)3齒(chi)。胸(xiong)板長(chang)(chang)大(da)于(yu)寬，談黃(huang)褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，疏生(sheng)褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)長(chang)(chang)毛(mao)(mao)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)緣微后(hou)凹，后(hou)緣尖細，插入第Ⅳ步足(zu)基節之間(jian)。步足(zu)粗(cu)壯，灰(hui)褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，具深、淺色(se)(se)(se)(se)長(chang)(chang)短毛(mao)(mao)，并(bing)有黑褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑點，各斑點上(shang)生(sheng)黑刺1根。足(zu)式為2、1、4、3。腹背褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，由(you)灰(hui)、白、褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)細毛(mao)(mao)組成箭尾狀斑紋(wen)，腹部腹面淡褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，紡器褐(he)(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。

雄蛛

雄(xiong)蛛(zhu)(zhu)體長15～20毫(hao)米。與雌蛛(zhu)(zhu)有明顯區(qu)別，背甲(jia)后部(bu)(bu)從中窩(wo)、頸(jing)溝、放射溝，一直(zhi)達到背甲(jia)后緣有1對蝶形(xing)斑紋。腹背斑紋呈倒“八”字形(xing)。腹部(bu)(bu)兩側(ce)面(mian)毛(mao)較長而密。

生活習性

白(bai)額巨蟹蛛常(chang)侵入住(zhu)家(jia)或(huo)農舍內生活(huo)，白(bai)天通常(chang)隱藏在櫥(chu)柜縫隙或(huo)床鋪下，夜(ye)晚才(cai)外出覓食(shi)，行動敏捷，耐饑力(li)強。捕食(shi)對象以各(ge)類節肢動物(wu)為主，捕食(shi)各(ge)種害(hai)蟲，也包括蟑螂在內。

繁殖方式

該蛛(zhu)(zhu)5~6月份產卵，每只雌蛛(zhu)(zhu)可繁殖500~600只幼蛛(zhu)(zhu)。600只蜘蛛(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)次產卵1克。