文成楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)產自(zi)浙江(jiang)省溫(wen)州(zhou)市(shi)文成縣,溫(wen)州(zhou)是浙江(jiang)省楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)三大主產區之(zhi)一,全市(shi)的(de)(de)楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)種植面(mian)積有32萬(wan)畝(mu),主要種植的(de)(de)品種有丁岙(ao)梅(mei)(mei)、荸薺梅(mei)(mei)(黑炭梅(mei)(mei))、東魁梅(mei)(mei)。文成楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)果形端(duan)正呈近(jin)圓(yuan)形,色澤深紅(hong)色至紫黑色,肉柱飽(bao)滿,肉質(zhi)柔軟,細嫩多汁,酸甜適口(kou),風味(wei)濃郁。
文(wen)成(cheng)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)以其(qi)獨特的優良品質,通過各類(lei)認證(zheng)(zheng)、評比、展(zhan)(zhan)示、展(zhan)(zhan)銷,獲(huo)得了(le)一系列(lie)的榮(rong)譽稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)。2016年(nian),“文(wen)成(cheng)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)”成(cheng)功申報國家地理標(biao)志(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)明商標(biao);2017年(nian),“文(wen)成(cheng)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)”獲(huo)評浙江(jiang)省“十佳楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao);2018年(nian),“文(wen)成(cheng)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)”分別被評為浙江(jiang)省區域(yu)(yu)名牌產(chan)品和區域(yu)(yu)名牌農產(chan)品,在(zai)溫(wen)州市楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)評比中有5個(ge)樣品獲(huo)溫(wen)州市“最美楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao),1個(ge)樣品獲(huo)“最甜(tian)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)。
文成楊(yang)梅(mei)農產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志地(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范(fan)圍為:地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)東經119゜34’~120゜15’,北緯27゜34’~27゜59’之(zhi)間(jian)。生產地(di)域(yu)范(fan)圍為:浙江省溫州(zhou)市文成縣所屬(shu)的大峃鎮(zhen)、珊溪鎮(zhen)、玉壺鎮(zhen)、南田鎮(zhen)、黃坦鎮(zhen)、西坑畬族(zu)鎮(zhen)、百丈漈鎮(zhen)、峃口鎮(zhen)、巨嶼鎮(zhen)、周(zhou)壤鎮(zhen)、二源鎮(zhen)、銅鈴山鎮(zhen)、周(zhou)山畬族(zu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雙(shuang)桂鄉(xiang)(xiang)、平和鄉(xiang)(xiang)、公陽鄉(xiang)(xiang)、桂山鄉(xiang)(xiang),共(gong)計(ji)17個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)243個行(xing)政村。文成現(xian)有楊(yang)梅(mei)種植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積4040公頃(qing),年產量2.1萬噸,保護(hu)區面(mian)(mian)積1296平方(fang)千米。
1、外在感官特(te)征:果(guo)形端正呈(cheng)近圓形,色(se)(se)澤深紅色(se)(se)至紫黑色(se)(se),肉(rou)柱飽滿,肉(rou)質柔軟,細(xi)嫩(nen)多汁,酸甜適口,風(feng)味(wei)濃郁。
2、內在品質指標:可溶性固形物(wu)%≥10.5%;總酸≤10g/kg;維生素C≥13.5mg/100g。
3、質量安全規(gui)定(ding):質量安全應符(fu)合國(guo)家相(xiang)關標準規(gui)定(ding)要求(qiu)。
文成(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)位(wei)于浙(zhe)江(jiang)省南(nan)(nan)部山(shan)區,飛云(yun)江(jiang)中(zhong)上(shang)游,全(quan)(quan)境(jing)(jing)以山(shan)地(di)、丘陵為(wei)主(zhu),山(shan)地(di)占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總面積(ji)的(de)82.5%,素有(you)"八山(shan)一水(shui)一分田"之稱。境(jing)(jing)內海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)差(cha)懸殊(shu),海(hai)拔(ba)千(qian)米(mi)以上(shang)山(shan)峰178座,最(zui)(zui)高(gao)為(wei)西北(bei)部的(de)石垟林場楊頂(ding)崗,海(hai)拔(ba)1362米(mi),最(zui)(zui)低為(wei)平和(he)鄉大垟口(kou),海(hai)拔(ba)15米(mi)。山(shan)脈分屬兩(liang)支,江(jiang)北(bei)屬南(nan)(nan)田山(shan)脈,為(wei)洞(dong)宮(gong)山(shan)脈分支;江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)為(wei)南(nan)(nan)雁蕩山(shan)脈分支。地(di)勢自西北(bei)向東南(nan)(nan)傾斜(xie),山(shan)頂(ding)上(shang)多平臺,南(nan)(nan)田平臺與桂山(shan)平臺隔江(jiang)相望(wang),是文成(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)山(shan)地(di)的(de)典型地(di)貌。飛云(yun)江(jiang)自西向東穿(chuan)流(liu)而過(guo),其主(zhu)要支流(liu)有(you)泗溪(xi)、玉泉(quan)溪(xi)、峃作口(kou)溪(xi)等,干流(liu)在文成(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)(jing)流(liu)域面積(ji)1123.5平方(fang)千(qian)米(mi),境(jing)(jing)內全(quan)(quan)長43.5千(qian)米(mi),自然落差(cha)115米(mi)。
屬亞熱(re)帶海洋季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),四(si)季分(fen)明(ming),雨量(liang)充(chong)沛。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為18.3℃,最熱(re)月(yue)(yue)份7月(yue)(yue),平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)28.3℃;最冷月(yue)(yue)份1月(yue)(yue),平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)8.2℃;極端低(di)溫(wen)-5.9℃。常(chang)年(nian)無(wu)霜期(qi)285天(tian),年(nian)降(jiang)雨量(liang)1797.7毫米,日(ri)照1723.3小時,屬楊(yang)梅(mei)生長最適宜區(qu)。垂直梯度氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)差異大,部分(fen)高山(shan)(shan)從(cong)山(shan)(shan)腳到山(shan)(shan)頂跨越(yue)了(le)多個(ge)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)帶,具(ju)有典型的山(shan)(shan)地(di)立體氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點,低(di)海拔地(di)區(qu)(0-400米)年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)16.2-18.1℃;中山(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)(400-800米)年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.1-16.2℃;高山(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)(800-1000米)年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)13.1-13.8℃,為文成楊(yang)梅(mei)梯度開發(fa)、延長鮮(xian)果供(gong)應期(qi)提供(gong)了(le)得(de)天(tian)獨厚的自然生長條件。
文成(cheng)縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)共分(fen)紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)、水稻土(tu)(tu)、紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)等(deng)5大(da)土(tu)(tu)類。其(qi)(qi)中紅壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)面積最(zui)大(da),占全縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)總面積的(de)39.55%,主要分(fen)布在(zai)海(hai)拔(ba)600 m以下的(de)中東部;其(qi)(qi)次是黃壤(rang)土(tu)(tu),占全縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)總面積的(de)37.57%,主要分(fen)布在(zai)海(hai)拔(ba)600—800 m以上的(de)西北部與南部的(de)低山地區。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)風化強烈,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)多呈酸性,大(da)部分(fen)pH值4.5-6.5之間(jian),適(shi)宜楊梅生長(chang)。
文(wen)成(cheng)縣為國家(jia)級生態(tai)(tai)示范(fan)縣,生態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)(jing)良(liang)(liang)好(hao),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)優良(liang)(liang),森林覆蓋率(lv)72.31%,空氣質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)優良(liang)(liang)率(lv)達(da)99.4%,地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)達(da)標(biao)率(lv)100%,文(wen)瑞出境(jing)(jing)斷面水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)為一(yi)類(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui),符合農業(ye)部綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品產(chan)地環境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準要(yao)求。
選擇生態環境(jing)良好、遠離污(wu)染源、坡度(du)(du)(du)小于30°、海拔(ba)700m以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)緩坡地(di)、山(shan)地(di)建園。要(yao)求日(ri)照充足,雨(yu)量充沛,排(pai)水良好,微酸、含石礫的(de)(de)砂(sha)質土壤,年(nian)平(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)14℃以(yi)上,絕對最低溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)不低于-9℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)年(nian)積溫(wen)(wen)4500℃以(yi)上。
東魁楊梅。
文成(cheng)楊(yang)梅按照特定的(de)生產和技術要求(qiu),必須對(dui)苗(miao)木質(zhi)量、栽培技術、采(cai)收分(fen)級(ji)、貯藏保鮮等環節進行全程控制。
1、苗木質量
以(yi)一(yi)年生嫁接苗為宜,干(gan)粗、苗木高度(du)(du)(du)及規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)高度(du)(du)(du)內的分(fen)(fen)枝數(shu)作(zuo)依(yi)據,分(fen)(fen)為一(yi)級(ji)(ji)、二級(ji)(ji)。低于二級(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)的苗木不(bu)得作(zuo)為商品(pin)苗出圃。詳見下表。表1苗木分(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)級(ji)(ji)別干(gan)粗(cm)苗高(cm)在規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)高度(du)(du)(du)內分(fen)(fen)枝數(shu)(個(ge))根(gen)系檢(jian)疫性病蟲(chong)害一(yi)級(ji)(ji)≥0.60≥40≥3發(fa)達無二級(ji)(ji)≥0.50≥30≥2較發(fa)達
2、栽培管理
苗木定植:分春(chun)植(zhi)和秋植(zhi)。春(chun)植(zhi)于2月下旬至3月中旬,秋植(zhi)為10月上(shang)旬至11月上(shang)旬,以春(chun)植(zhi)為宜。選擇無(wu)風陰天栽(zai)植(zhi),定植(zhi)密度根據園塊立地條件和管理水平,株(zhu)行距5m*6m或6m*6m,每畝栽(zai)植(zhi)18株(zhu)-22株(zhu)。
土肥管理:幼齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)以(yi)“促(cu)”為(wei)主,每(mei)年(nian)追肥(fei)(fei)4-5次(ci),薄肥(fei)(fei)勤(qin)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量隨著樹(shu)(shu)冠擴大逐年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)多,初(chu)期為(wei)氮肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,樹(shu)(shu)齡(ling)增(zeng)(zeng)大后(hou)配肥(fei)(fei)磷(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei);成(cheng)年(nian)樹(shu)(shu)促(cu)控結(jie)合(he),看(kan)樹(shu)(shu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei),以(yi)培養中庸樹(shu)(shu)勢,促(cu)進結(jie)果、提高品(pin)質,一(yi)般年(nian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)2-3次(ci),實行適氮控磷(lin)增(zeng)(zeng)鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei),氮:磷(lin):鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的配比以(yi)1:0.3:4為(wei)宜。1)壯果肥(fei)(fei):4月(yue)下旬-5月(yue)初(chu),株施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)酸鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)1kg左(zuo)右,同時注意噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硼、鋅、鉬等微量元素;2)采后(hou)肥(fei)(fei):6月(yue)底(di)-7月(yue)上旬,株施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)酸鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)0.5-1kg,加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)10公斤(jin),樹(shu)(shu)勢強結(jie)果少的可少施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或不(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);3)基肥(fei)(fei):10月(yue)底(di)-11月(yue),株施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)10-15公斤(jin)。采用自然生(sheng)(sheng)草法,每(mei)年(nian)在采收(shou)前(qian)及伏旱前(qian)刈(yi)割2次(ci)進行樹(shu)(shu)盤覆蓋(gai)。每(mei)3-4年(nian)于秋冬季進行深翻(fan)一(yi)次(ci),以(yi)改良(liang)土壤理(li)化性狀。
整形修剪:①幼(you)樹(shu)整形(xing):采用自(zi)然(ran)開心形(xing)。定干(gan)高度(du)20-30cm,主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3-5個,主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)的(de)角(jiao)度(du)45o以上(shang)。主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)配備不同(tong)方位的(de)副(fu)(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3-4個,副(fu)(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)培養結果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。采用抹芽、摘心、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、短(duan)截、疏(shu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等方法,使(shi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)疏(shu)密適中(zhong),分布(bu)有序(xu),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)良好的(de)豐產(chan)穩產(chan)樹(shu)體結構。②結果樹(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian):適當疏(shu)刪過密枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、直(zhi)立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、交(jiao)叉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病蟲(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),逐年鋸除中(zhong)心直(zhi)立(li)大枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)樹(shu)冠開張,枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)生(sheng)長(chang)健壯(zhuang),通(tong)風透(tou)光良好,防止樹(shu)冠內和株間(jian)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)交(jiao)叉,通(tong)過枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)控制保(bao)持(chi)樹(shu)體生(sheng)長(chang)與結果相對(dui)平衡(heng)。樹(shu)體高度(du)控制在(zai)(zai)3 m以下,鋸口和剪(jian)(jian)(jian)口宜平整,鋸口應(ying)涂保(bao)護劑。③衰(shuai)老期修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian):逐年對(dui)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或副(fu)(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適當回縮,更新結果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,恢(hui)復樹(shu)勢,延長(chang)結果年限(xian)。④修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)間(jian):休眠期修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)間(jian)主(zhu)(zhu)要在(zai)(zai)11月(yue)-翌年2月(yue),冷空氣(qi)來(lai)臨前后不宜修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian);生(sheng)長(chang)期修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)間(jian)4-7月(yue),采后大枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)要求在(zai)(zai)7月(yue)中(zhong)、下旬前完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)。
花果管理:春(chun)(chun)季萌芽(ya)前對多花樹(shu)進(jin)行(xing)適度修剪,疏除(chu)過密、過弱的花枝,以(yi)促發抽生(sheng)(sheng)春(chun)(chun)梢(shao),確保(bao)(bao)適量掛(gua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo);少花樹(shu)則在(zai)開花前后噴硼、磷(lin)、鉀混合(he)液(ye)保(bao)(bao)花保(bao)(bao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),并(bing)疏除(chu)樹(shu)冠中(zhong)上部(bu)部(bu)分(fen)春(chun)(chun)梢(shao)保(bao)(bao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)理落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)結(jie)束后至果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)迅速膨大期前進(jin)行(xing),一般(ban)分(fen)2-3次。疏除(chu)病蟲果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),長結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留(liu)3-4果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),中(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留(liu)2-3果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),短果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留(liu)1果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
病蟲害綜合防控:按照“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為主,綜合防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)總方針(zhen),以農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為基礎(chu),根據病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)律,因時、因地(di)(di)制(zhi)宜(yi),綜合運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),盡量減(jian)(jian)少(shao)化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),安全、經濟、有(you)效(xiao)地(di)(di)控制(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害。①農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):加強栽培(pei)管理,培(pei)養健壯樹(shu)勢(shi);清(qing)潔果(guo)(guo)園,及時清(qing)除枯(ku)枝、落葉、病(bing)(bing)(bing)果(guo)(guo),減(jian)(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)源;合理修剪,改(gai)善樹(shu)體(ti)通風透光條(tiao)件,創造良好的(de)楊(yang)梅生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長環境。②物(wu)(wu)理防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈(deng)、色(se)板、性(xing)誘劑等(deng)誘殺害蟲(chong)(chong);人工捕殺尺(chi)蠖、蓑蛾(e)類(lei)幼蟲(chong)(chong)、卵塊和蟲(chong)(chong)繭;采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)避雨栽培(pei)加防(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)網防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)楊(yang)梅腐爛落果(guo)(guo)和果(guo)(guo)蠅。③生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):保護(hu)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)天敵,發(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)益生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)消滅有(you)害生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu),擴大(da)以蟲(chong)(chong)治(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong),以菌治(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍,以維持自然界生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態平衡。④科學用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao):在(zai)11月(yue)中旬(xun)-翌年2月(yue),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)3波美(mei)度石硫合劑進行冬季清(qing)園,減(jian)(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)基數。根據主要病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情況,適期(qi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)《浙江省楊(yang)梅主要病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)建議》的(de)推薦農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),嚴格執(zhi)行農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)安全間(jian)隔期(qi)。
1、采(cai)收:分批采(cai)收成(cheng)熟果,具有該(gai)品種充分成(cheng)熟時所特有色澤(ze),不采(cai)未熟果。采(cai)摘(zhai)時間(jian)以清晨(chen)或傍晚為主,采(cai)收人員剪平指甲,以免(mian)刺傷果實,輕(qing)采(cai)輕(qing)放,避免(mian)果實壓傷。
2、分(fen)級:果實采收后應及時(shi)運回(hui)分(fen)級場地(di),過(guo)程中盡量減少震動,由專人進行(xing)篩選分(fen)級和包裝,分(fen)級人員應配戴一(yi)次性手套(tao)。果實具有該(gai)品種(zhong)成熟時(shi)色(se)澤和形狀,肉柱豐滿,著色(se)良好(hao),果面應清潔,無外物污染(ran),無異味,無腐爛(lan)。