文(wen)(wen)成楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)產(chan)自(zi)浙江(jiang)省溫(wen)州市文(wen)(wen)成縣,溫(wen)州是浙江(jiang)省楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)三大(da)主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)之(zhi)一(yi),全市的(de)楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)種植面積有(you)32萬(wan)畝(mu),主(zhu)要(yao)種植的(de)品種有(you)丁岙(ao)梅(mei)、荸薺梅(mei)(黑(hei)炭梅(mei))、東魁梅(mei)。文(wen)(wen)成楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)的(de)果形端正呈近圓(yuan)形,色澤深紅(hong)色至紫黑(hei)色,肉柱飽滿(man),肉質柔軟,細(xi)嫩多汁,酸甜適口(kou),風(feng)味濃郁。
文(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)楊梅(mei)(mei)以(yi)其(qi)獨特的(de)優良品(pin)質,通過各類認證、評比(bi)、展示、展銷,獲(huo)得了一(yi)系列的(de)榮譽(yu)稱(cheng)號。2016年(nian),“文(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)楊梅(mei)(mei)”成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)申(shen)報國家地理標(biao)志(zhi)證明商(shang)標(biao);2017年(nian),“文(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)楊梅(mei)(mei)”獲(huo)評浙(zhe)江省“十(shi)佳楊梅(mei)(mei)”稱(cheng)號;2018年(nian),“文(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)楊梅(mei)(mei)”分別被(bei)評為(wei)浙(zhe)江省區(qu)域名牌(pai)產(chan)品(pin)和區(qu)域名牌(pai)農產(chan)品(pin),在溫(wen)州(zhou)市楊梅(mei)(mei)評比(bi)中有5個樣品(pin)獲(huo)溫(wen)州(zhou)市“最美楊梅(mei)(mei)”稱(cheng)號,1個樣品(pin)獲(huo)“最甜楊梅(mei)(mei)”稱(cheng)號。
文(wen)成(cheng)楊(yang)梅農產品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)為:地(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標(biao)東(dong)經119゜34’~120゜15’,北(bei)緯27゜34’~27゜59’之(zhi)間。生(sheng)產地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)為:浙江省溫州市文(wen)成(cheng)縣所屬的大峃鎮(zhen)(zhen)、珊溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、玉壺鎮(zhen)(zhen)、南田鎮(zhen)(zhen)、黃坦鎮(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)坑畬族鎮(zhen)(zhen)、百(bai)丈漈鎮(zhen)(zhen)、峃口鎮(zhen)(zhen)、巨嶼鎮(zhen)(zhen)、周壤(rang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、二源鎮(zhen)(zhen)、銅鈴山鎮(zhen)(zhen)、周山畬族鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雙桂鄉(xiang)(xiang)、平和鄉(xiang)(xiang)、公(gong)陽(yang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、桂山鄉(xiang)(xiang),共(gong)計(ji)17個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)243個行政(zheng)村。文(wen)成(cheng)現有楊(yang)梅種植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積4040公(gong)頃,年產量2.1萬噸,保護(hu)區面(mian)(mian)積1296平方千米。
1、外在感官特(te)征:果形(xing)端正呈近圓形(xing),色(se)澤(ze)深(shen)紅色(se)至紫黑色(se),肉(rou)(rou)柱飽滿,肉(rou)(rou)質柔軟(ruan),細嫩多汁,酸甜(tian)適口,風味濃郁。
2、內(nei)在品(pin)質指標:可溶性固(gu)形物%≥10.5%;總酸≤10g/kg;維生素(su)C≥13.5mg/100g。
3、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)規定(ding):質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)應符合(he)國家相關標準規定(ding)要求。
文(wen)成縣位于浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省南(nan)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區,飛云(yun)江(jiang)(jiang)中上游(you),全境以山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)、丘(qiu)陵為主,山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)占全縣總面積的(de)82.5%,素有(you)"八山(shan)(shan)(shan)一水一分(fen)田(tian)"之稱。境內(nei)(nei)海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)差懸(xuan)殊,海(hai)拔(ba)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰178座(zuo),最高(gao)(gao)為西北部(bu)的(de)石垟林場楊頂崗,海(hai)拔(ba)1362米(mi)(mi)(mi),最低為平(ping)(ping)和鄉大垟口,海(hai)拔(ba)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈分(fen)屬(shu)兩支(zhi),江(jiang)(jiang)北屬(shu)南(nan)田(tian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,為洞宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈分(fen)支(zhi);江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)為南(nan)雁蕩(dang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈分(fen)支(zhi)。地(di)勢(shi)自(zi)西北向(xiang)東南(nan)傾斜,山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂上多平(ping)(ping)臺,南(nan)田(tian)平(ping)(ping)臺與桂(gui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)平(ping)(ping)臺隔江(jiang)(jiang)相望(wang),是(shi)文(wen)成縣山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)的(de)典型地(di)貌。飛云(yun)江(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)西向(xiang)東穿(chuan)流而(er)過,其主要支(zhi)流有(you)泗(si)溪、玉(yu)泉溪、峃(xue)作口溪等,干流在文(wen)成縣境流域面積1123.5平(ping)(ping)方千米(mi)(mi)(mi),境內(nei)(nei)全長43.5千米(mi)(mi)(mi),自(zi)然(ran)落差115米(mi)(mi)(mi)。
屬亞熱帶海洋(yang)季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,四(si)季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明,雨量充沛(pei)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為18.3℃,最(zui)(zui)熱月份7月,平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)28.3℃;最(zui)(zui)冷月份1月,平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)8.2℃;極端低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-5.9℃。常年(nian)無霜期285天,年(nian)降雨量1797.7毫米,日照1723.3小時(shi),屬楊梅生(sheng)長(chang)最(zui)(zui)適宜(yi)區(qu)(qu)。垂直梯(ti)度氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候差(cha)異(yi)大(da),部(bu)分(fen)高山(shan)從山(shan)腳(jiao)到(dao)山(shan)頂跨越了多(duo)個(ge)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候帶,具有典型的(de)山(shan)地立體氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)點,低(di)海拔地區(qu)(qu)(0-400米)年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)16.2-18.1℃;中山(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(400-800米)年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)14.1-16.2℃;高山(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(800-1000米)年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)13.1-13.8℃,為文成楊梅梯(ti)度開發、延長(chang)鮮果供應期提供了得天獨厚的(de)自然生(sheng)長(chang)條件。
文成縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)共分(fen)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)等5大(da)土(tu)(tu)類(lei)。其中(zhong)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)面積(ji)(ji)最(zui)大(da),占全(quan)縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)39.55%,主要分(fen)布在海(hai)(hai)拔600 m以下的(de)中(zhong)東部(bu);其次(ci)是黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu),占全(quan)縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)37.57%,主要分(fen)布在海(hai)(hai)拔600—800 m以上的(de)西(xi)北部(bu)與南部(bu)的(de)低山地區。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)風化強烈,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)多呈酸(suan)性(xing),大(da)部(bu)分(fen)pH值4.5-6.5之間(jian),適宜楊梅生長。
文成縣(xian)為國家(jia)級生態示(shi)范縣(xian),生態環境(jing)良好(hao),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優良,森林覆蓋率72.31%,空(kong)氣質(zhi)量優良率達99.4%,地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達標率100%,文瑞出境(jing)斷面水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)為一類水(shui)(shui)(shui),符(fu)合(he)農業部綠色食品產地環境(jing)質(zhi)量標準要求。
選擇生態環境良好、遠離污染源、坡度小于30°、海(hai)拔700m以(yi)下的緩坡地、山地建園。要求日照充足,雨量充沛,排水良好,微酸(suan)、含(han)石礫的砂質土壤,年平(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度14℃以(yi)上,絕(jue)對(dui)最低(di)溫(wen)(wen)度不低(di)于-9℃,≥10℃的年積溫(wen)(wen)4500℃以(yi)上。
東魁楊梅。
文成楊梅按照特定的生產(chan)和技術要(yao)求,必須對(dui)苗(miao)木質(zhi)量、栽培(pei)技術、采(cai)收分級(ji)、貯藏(zang)保(bao)鮮等(deng)環節進行全程控制。
1、苗木質量
以一年(nian)生嫁接苗(miao)(miao)為宜(yi),干(gan)粗、苗(miao)(miao)木高度(du)及(ji)規定(ding)高度(du)內的(de)分枝數(shu)作依(yi)據,分為一級(ji)(ji)(ji)、二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)。低于二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)標準的(de)苗(miao)(miao)木不(bu)得作為商品(pin)苗(miao)(miao)出圃。詳見下表。表1苗(miao)(miao)木分級(ji)(ji)(ji)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別干(gan)粗(cm)苗(miao)(miao)高(cm)在規定(ding)高度(du)內分枝數(shu)(個)根系檢疫性病蟲害一級(ji)(ji)(ji)≥0.60≥40≥3發達無二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)≥0.50≥30≥2較(jiao)發達
2、栽培管理
苗木定植:分春(chun)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)秋(qiu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。春(chun)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于2月(yue)下旬(xun)至3月(yue)中旬(xun),秋(qiu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為10月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)至11月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun),以春(chun)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為宜。選擇無風陰天栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密度根(gen)據(ju)園塊立(li)地(di)條件和(he)管理水平,株(zhu)行距5m*6m或6m*6m,每畝栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)18株(zhu)-22株(zhu)。
土肥管理:幼齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)以(yi)“促(cu)”為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),每年(nian)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)4-5次(ci),薄肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)勤施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量隨著樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)擴大(da)逐(zhu)年(nian)增(zeng)多,初(chu)期(qi)為(wei)(wei)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),樹(shu)(shu)齡(ling)增(zeng)大(da)后配(pei)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei);成(cheng)年(nian)樹(shu)(shu)促(cu)控結(jie)(jie)合,看(kan)樹(shu)(shu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)培(pei)養中庸(yong)樹(shu)(shu)勢,促(cu)進(jin)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)、提高品質,一般年(nian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2-3次(ci),實行適(shi)氮控磷(lin)(lin)增(zeng)鉀(jia)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),氮:磷(lin)(lin):鉀(jia)的配(pei)比以(yi)1:0.3:4為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。1)壯果(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):4月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)-5月(yue)(yue)初(chu),株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫酸鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1kg左右(you),同時注意噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硼(peng)、鋅、鉬等微量元素(su);2)采后肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):6月(yue)(yue)底-7月(yue)(yue)上旬(xun),株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫酸鉀(jia)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)0.5-1kg,加生物有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10公(gong)斤(jin),樹(shu)(shu)勢強結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)少的可少施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或不施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);3)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):10月(yue)(yue)底-11月(yue)(yue),株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生物有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10-15公(gong)斤(jin)。采用(yong)自(zi)然生草法,每年(nian)在(zai)采收(shou)前(qian)及伏旱前(qian)刈割2次(ci)進(jin)行樹(shu)(shu)盤(pan)覆蓋。每3-4年(nian)于秋冬(dong)季進(jin)行深翻一次(ci),以(yi)改良土壤(rang)理化性狀(zhuang)。
整形修剪:①幼樹(shu)(shu)整形(xing):采用自然開心(xin)形(xing)。定(ding)干高(gao)度(du)20-30cm,主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3-5個,主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與主(zhu)干的(de)角度(du)45o以上。主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上配(pei)備不(bu)同方位(wei)的(de)副(fu)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3-4個,副(fu)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上培養結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。采用抹芽(ya)、摘心(xin)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、短截、疏枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等方法(fa),使枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢疏密適中(zhong),分布有序,形(xing)成良好的(de)豐產(chan)穩產(chan)樹(shu)(shu)體(ti)結(jie)構。②結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian):適當疏刪過密枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、直(zhi)立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、交叉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)蟲枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),逐年(nian)鋸除中(zhong)心(xin)直(zhi)立大枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使樹(shu)(shu)冠開張,枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢生長健壯,通(tong)風透光良好,防止樹(shu)(shu)冠內和(he)(he)株(zhu)間(jian)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢交叉,通(tong)過枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢控制(zhi)保持樹(shu)(shu)體(ti)生長與結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)相對平衡。樹(shu)(shu)體(ti)高(gao)度(du)控制(zhi)在3 m以下(xia),鋸口(kou)和(he)(he)剪(jian)口(kou)宜平整,鋸口(kou)應涂(tu)保護劑。③衰(shuai)老(lao)期(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian):逐年(nian)對主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或副(fu)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適當回縮,更新結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,恢復樹(shu)(shu)勢,延長結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)年(nian)限。④修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian):休眠期(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)主(zhu)要在11月(yue)-翌年(nian)2月(yue),冷空氣來(lai)臨前(qian)(qian)后(hou)不(bu)宜修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian);生長期(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)4-7月(yue),采后(hou)大枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)要求在7月(yue)中(zhong)、下(xia)旬前(qian)(qian)完成。
花果管理:春(chun)季萌芽前對多花(hua)(hua)樹(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)適(shi)度修剪,疏除過密、過弱的(de)花(hua)(hua)枝,以促發抽生春(chun)梢,確保適(shi)量(liang)掛(gua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo);少(shao)花(hua)(hua)樹(shu)(shu)則在開花(hua)(hua)前后噴硼、磷(lin)、鉀混合液保花(hua)(hua)保果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),并(bing)疏除樹(shu)(shu)冠中上部部分春(chun)梢保果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)生理落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)結束后至果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)迅速膨大期(qi)前進(jin)行(xing)(xing),一(yi)般分2-3次(ci)。疏除病蟲(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),長結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留(liu)3-4果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),中果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留(liu)2-3果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),短(duan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留(liu)1果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
病蟲害綜合防控:按照“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為主,綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)總方針,以(yi)農業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為基礎,根據病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)規律,因(yin)時(shi)、因(yin)地制宜,綜合(he)運用(yong)(yong)農業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),盡量減(jian)少化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)全(quan)、經(jing)濟、有(you)效地控制病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)。①農業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):加強(qiang)栽培管理(li),培養健壯樹勢;清(qing)潔果園,及時(shi)清(qing)除(chu)枯枝、落葉(xie)、病果,減(jian)少病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源;合(he)理(li)修剪(jian),改善樹體通風透光條(tiao)件,創造良(liang)好的(de)楊梅生(sheng)長環(huan)境。②物理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):采用(yong)(yong)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈、色板、性誘(you)劑(ji)等(deng)誘(you)殺害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong);人工捕殺尺蠖、蓑蛾類幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、卵塊和蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)繭;采用(yong)(yong)避雨栽培加防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)楊梅腐爛落果和果蠅。③生(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):保護(hu)利用(yong)(yong)天敵,發(fa)揮生(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作用(yong)(yong),用(yong)(yong)有(you)益(yi)生(sheng)物消滅有(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)物,擴大以(yi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),以(yi)菌(jun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)應用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍,以(yi)維持(chi)自然(ran)界生(sheng)態平衡。④科學用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao):在11月中旬(xun)-翌年(nian)2月,用(yong)(yong)3波美度(du)石硫合(he)劑(ji)進(jin)行冬(dong)季清(qing)園,減(jian)少病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)基數(shu)。根據主要病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)情況,適(shi)期(qi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),選用(yong)(yong)《浙江(jiang)省楊梅主要病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)建議》的(de)推薦(jian)農藥(yao)(yao),嚴格(ge)執行農藥(yao)(yao)安(an)全(quan)間隔期(qi)。
1、采(cai)收:分批(pi)采(cai)收成熟(shu)果(guo)(guo),具有該(gai)品種充(chong)分成熟(shu)時(shi)所特(te)有色澤(ze),不(bu)采(cai)未熟(shu)果(guo)(guo)。采(cai)摘時(shi)間以清晨或傍晚為(wei)主,采(cai)收人員剪平指甲,以免刺傷果(guo)(guo)實,輕采(cai)輕放(fang),避免果(guo)(guo)實壓傷。
2、分(fen)級:果(guo)實采收后應及時運回分(fen)級場(chang)地,過程中盡量減(jian)少(shao)震動,由專人進行篩選分(fen)級和包裝(zhuang),分(fen)級人員應配戴一次(ci)性手套(tao)。果(guo)實具有該(gai)品種(zhong)成熟時色(se)澤和形(xing)狀,肉柱豐滿(man),著(zhu)色(se)良好,果(guo)面應清(qing)潔,無外(wai)物污(wu)染,無異味(wei),無腐爛。