黃(huang)煙是(shi)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)一(yi)寶(bao),南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)農民(min)種(zhong)煙、嗜(shi)煙,一(yi)輩子離不(bu)開(kai)煙;南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)卷煙廠(chang)產(chan)煙、銷(xiao)煙,“百順”、“珠璣”行銷(xiao)各地。南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)重要的經(jing)濟支(zhi)柱是(shi)黃(huang)煙,每年(nian)黃(huang)煙收入要占國(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟總(zong)收入的一(yi)半以上。
南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)黃煙種植已有300多年歷史。南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)煙葉品(pin)質優良(liang),為我國煙葉商品(pin)的名牌(pai)產(chan)品(pin),歷來飲譽中(zhong)外,內銷(xiao)全國28個(ge)大中(zhong)城(cheng)市,曾一度遠銷(xiao)67個(ge)國家和地區(qu)。
1984年(nian)至1994年(nian),累計煙(yan)葉(xie)(xie)總產21萬(wan)噸(dun),年(nian)均(jun)(jun)產2.1萬(wan)噸(dun),為(wei)廣東省(sheng)年(nian)均(jun)(jun)產量的(de)50%左右。10年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)收購(gou)煙(yan)葉(xie)(xie)15600噸(dun)。為(wei)全(quan)省(sheng)年(nian)均(jun)(jun)收購(gou)量的(de)60%左右。煙(yan)葉(xie)(xie)產量和收購(gou)量均(jun)(jun)居(ju)全(quan)省(sheng)之首。全(quan)國(guo)煙(yan)草種植面積達20萬(wan)畝以上的(de)縣市只有(you)6個,南(nan)雄是(shi)其(qi)中之一。
由此可見南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)黃(huang)煙(yan)(yan)在(zai)(zai)全省舉足(zu)輕重,在(zai)(zai)全國名列前茅(mao)。1985年,廣東省煙(yan)(yan)草(cao)總(zong)(zong)公(gong)司(si)確(que)定(ding)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)為(wei)優質生產基地(di)(di)。1986年,中(zhong)國煙(yan)(yan)草(cao)總(zong)(zong)公(gong)司(si)又確(que)定(ding)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)為(wei)出口曬煙(yan)(yan)生產基地(di)(di)。1992年,原中(zhong)國煙(yan)(yan)草(cao)總(zong)(zong)公(gong)司(si)總(zong)(zong)經理李益三到南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)視(shi)察時,欣然題詞:“金(jin)(jin)葉之(zhi)鄉在(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)"。的確(que),不論(lun)從數(shu)量還(huan)是質量來(lai)看,南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)堪稱(cheng)煙(yan)(yan)葉之(zhi)鄉。全市24個鄉鎮都種植黃(huang)煙(yan)(yan),煙(yan)(yan)農10余(yu)萬戶(hu),占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)戶(hu)數(shu)的八(ba)成多。在(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)盆地(di)(di)田野上,黃(huang)煙(yan)(yan)連綿(mian)20余(yu)萬畝,春(chun)來(lai)一(yi)片翠(cui)綠,夏至一(yi)片金(jin)(jin)黃(huang)。到了收(shou)煙(yan)(yan)季節(jie),烤房(fang)爐火通明,村(cun)巷煙(yan)(yan)葉飄(piao)香。全市上下為(wei)煙(yan)(yan)葉而忙碌,為(wei)煙(yan)(yan)葉而歡笑(xiao)。
南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)于清(qing)初(chu)自閩(min)(min)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)傳(chuan)入,至(zhi)今300多(duo)年(nian),盛產不(bu)衰(shuai)。閩(min)(min)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)是怎樣傳(chuan)入南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)的(de)呢?主(zhu)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)兩條(tiao)(tiao)渠(qu)道(dao):一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)是通(tong)過(guo)氏族遷徙。南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)不(bu)少氏族來自閩(min)(min)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),他們遷徙來南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)的(de)同時(shi),把黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)生產技(ji)術也(ye)帶(dai)到了(le)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong);另一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)渠(qu)道(dao)是商業貿(mao)易。明(ming)清(qing)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)商業貿(mao)易非常繁榮,閩(min)(min)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)來南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)經(jing)商的(de)人不(bu)少,他們為了(le)獲取商業利潤,很樂意(yi)把黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)生產技(ji)術引進南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)。黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)傳(chuan)入南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)后,與南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)特(te)有的(de)土壤、氣候條(tiao)(tiao)件相適應,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)品質優良(liang),種者日(ri)眾(zhong)。清(qing)乾隆嘉年(nian)間已(yi)成(cheng)一(yi)方特(te)產。清(qing)道(dao)光四(si)年(nian)《直隸南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)州(zhou)志.物(wu)產》載:"煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie),舊志未載,近年(nian)四(si)五十年(nian)日(ri)暫增植,春種秋收,每年(nian)貨銀百萬(wan)兩,其(qi)利幾與禾稻等(deng)。"。
南雄(xiong)黃葉以葉色金黃、煙(yan)(yan)味(wei)醇香、易燃(ran)灰白三大特性而(er)素負盛名,為(wei)當(dang)今各大煙(yan)(yan)廠生產品牌卷(juan)煙(yan)(yan)之原料(liao)。南雄(xiong)曬煙(yan)(yan)歷來很(hen)受外(wai)商歡(huan)迎,出口頗多。
民國(guo)(guo)時期(qi)已暢銷五(wu)大洲67個國(guo)(guo)家和地(di)區。1953年(nian)到1979年(nian),年(nian)出(chu)口(kou)額三五(wu)百噸,多的(de)1954年(nian),出(chu)口(kou)1155噸。1980年(nian)后,由于國(guo)(guo)外(wai)煙(yan)葉市場的(de)變(bian)化,消費習慣由清香型(xing)變(bian)為濃香型(xing),外(wai)貿出(chu)口(kou)停止。
近幾年,隨著煙(yan)葉(xie)品(pin)種改良,質量提高(gao),南(nan)雄煙(yan)葉(xie)又恢(hui)復出口(kou)。