泰(tai)山(shan)東(dong)岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于每年3月(yue)(yue)31日(ri)(ri)至(zhi)5月(yue)(yue)7日(ri)(ri)舉辦。東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)的(de)誕辰是3月(yue)(yue)28日(ri)(ri),自(zi)宋朝起,每年此(ci)時立泰(tai)山(shan)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),以(yi)祭(ji)東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)地點在(zai)(zai)東(dong)岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)即(ji)岱廟(miao)(miao)(miao)除(chu)祭(ji)祈活(huo)(huo)(huo)動外(wai),后(hou)世逐漸增加(jia)了(le)(le)商貿、娛樂活(huo)(huo)(huo)動等內容,服(fu)務于來自(zi)四面八(ba)方的(de)朝拜者。《水滸(hu)傳》中燕青(qing)打(da)擂就(jiu)是在(zai)(zai)泰(tai)山(shan)東(dong)岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)上。另外(wai)元君(jun)生日(ri)(ri)為4月(yue)(yue)28日(ri)(ri),與東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)生日(ri)(ri)僅僅晚(wan)一(yi)(yi)個月(yue)(yue),而且后(hou)世碧(bi)(bi)霞(xia)(xia)元君(jun)的(de)影(ying)響超過了(le)(le)東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di),因(yin)此(ci)東(dong)岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)拖長了(le)(le)時間(jian),增加(jia)了(le)(le)祭(ji)祀碧(bi)(bi)霞(xia)(xia)元君(jun)的(de)內容。文革期間(jian)一(yi)(yi)度取(qu)消了(le)(le)東(dong)岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)現在(zai)(zai)的(de)東(dong)岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)期在(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)6日(ri)(ri)至(zhi)12日(ri)(ri),一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)岱宗坊西側的(de)廣場(chang)舉行。廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)內容除(chu)正常(chang)的(de)宗教活(huo)(huo)(huo)動以(yi)外(wai),主要(yao)是經貿活(huo)(huo)(huo)動、旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)觀光和(he)文化娛樂近(jin)年來,八(ba)方人士紛至(zhi)沓(ta)來,國外(wai)客商及(ji)游(you)(you)(you)(you)客也不斷增加(jia)。東(dong)岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)突出民俗宗教文化,全(quan)方位(wei)地挖掘(jue)和(he)展示泰(tai)山(shan)千年歷史積淀。從(cong)(cong)獨具魅力的(de)民間(jian)曲藝到(dao)(dao)驚(jing)心動魄的(de)游(you)(you)(you)(you)藝競技,從(cong)(cong)多姿多彩的(de)民間(jian)工(gong)藝到(dao)(dao)新穎(ying)時尚的(de)旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)商品,從(cong)(cong)祈福(fu)納(na)祥的(de)拜山(shan)儀(yi)式到(dao)(dao)古代帝(di)王的(de)封禪大(da)典(dian),游(you)(you)(you)(you)客置身其中,宛(wan)如(ru)進入了(le)(le)民俗文化的(de)大(da)觀園。整個廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)將持續一(yi)(yi)個多月(yue)(yue)時間(jian)。
東(dong)岳(yue)(yue)廟會以“逛東(dong)岳(yue)(yue)廟會,覽民(min)(min)間風情”為(wei)主(zhu)題(ti),深入挖掘東(dong)岳(yue)(yue)廟會的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)內(nei)涵,旨(zhi)在(zai)豐富(fu)游(you)客(ke)(ke)和(he)(he)城(cheng)鄉居(ju)民(min)(min)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)生活(huo),打造(zao)“民(min)(min)俗(su)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an),購物泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an),美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)食泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an);文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan),吉(ji)祥泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan),祈福(fu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)”旅(lv)(lv)游(you)形(xing)象(xiang),營造(zao)歡快(kuai)祥和(he)(he)的(de)(de)節日(ri)氛圍,進一步(bu)提高(gao)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)、泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)知(zhi)名度和(he)(he)吸引力,促進經濟(ji)社(she)會又快(kuai)又好地(di)發展(zhan)。配合國(guo)家旅(lv)(lv)游(you)局推(tui)出的(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)鄉村(cun)游(you)主(zhu)題(ti)活(huo)動(dong),按照(zhao)“貼近(jin)民(min)(min)間,貼近(jin)企業(ye)(ye),貼近(jin)游(you)客(ke)(ke)”三(san)個貼近(jin)和(he)(he)“突(tu)(tu)出民(min)(min)俗(su)宗(zong)教文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),突(tu)(tu)出企業(ye)(ye)社(she)區(qu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),突(tu)(tu)出購物美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)食文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)”三(san)個突(tu)(tu)出的(de)(de)原則,本屆東(dong)岳(yue)(yue)廟會共安(an)(an)排(pai)了十二大(da)項活(huo)動(dong),在(zai)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)組織(zhi)形(xing)式和(he)(he)內(nei)容上都將(jiang)(jiang)有所創新。于4月12日(ri)在(zai)天外村(cun)廣(guang)場舉行(xing)的(de)(de)開幕式將(jiang)(jiang)上演(yan)獨(du)具泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)、泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)特色的(de)(de)民(min)(min)俗(su)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)表演(yan)。在(zai)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)王(wang)母池蟠桃會和(he)(he)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)碧霞祠祈福(fu)迎祥大(da)法會上可以領略到泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)宗(zong)教的(de)(de)獨(du)特魅力。除豐富(fu)多彩的(de)(de)民(min)(min)俗(su)活(huo)動(dong)外,我市(shi)還將(jiang)(jiang)舉辦春季(ji)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)聯誼(yi)會,邀請國(guo)內(nei)重(zhong)點旅(lv)(lv)行(xing)社(she)、媒(mei)體記者、周(zhou)邊大(da)型企業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)高(gao)校相關負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人前來考察景(jing)點,開展(zhan)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)業(ye)(ye)務洽談。在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)投資合作洽談會上國(guo)內(nei)外知(zhi)名旅(lv)(lv)游(you)服(fu)務企業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)國(guo)內(nei)投資開發企業(ye)(ye)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人將(jiang)(jiang)共商旅(lv)(lv)游(you)發展(zhan)大(da)計。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)購物美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)食節將(jiang)(jiang)開展(zhan)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)食大(da)賽,推(tui)出豐富(fu)多彩的(de)(de)珍饈美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)饌,以滿足市(shi)民(min)(min)與游(you)客(ke)(ke)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)食需求(qiu)。
孔(kong)夫子(zi)編定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《詩經》中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)“太山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巖巖,魯邦所(suo)瞻”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩句,漢武帝(di)(di)(di)劉徹曾面(mian)(mian)對(dui)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)發(fa)出“ 高(gao)(gao)矣(yi)(yi),極矣(yi)(yi),大(da)矣(yi)(yi),特矣(yi)(yi),赫矣(yi)(yi),駭矣(yi)(yi),惑矣(yi)(yi)”,的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感嘆(tan)。道家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人對(dui)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)情有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)鐘。道與仙(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)緣,仙(xian)(xian)與山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)(you)關。《說(shuo)文(wen)》云:“仚(即(ji)仙(xian)(xian)),人在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上貌,從人從山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”《釋名》曰(yue)(yue):“老而不(bu)死(si)曰(yue)(yue)仙(xian)(xian)。仙(xian)(xian),遷也(ye),遷入山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye),故制(zhi)字人傍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)。”要想得道成仙(xian)(xian),就(jiu)必須入山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)修(xiu)煉。戰(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),方(fang)(fang)土黃伯陽(yang)隱(yin)居于(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹿町巖洞(dong)修(xiu)煉,后人稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“黃伯陽(yang)洞(dong)”。秦始皇(huang)東(dong)(dong)封泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)時(shi)(shi),曾條算訪仙(xian)(xian)人羨門高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蹤跡(ji);又傳說(shuo)秦始皇(huang)求(qiu)見修(xiu)煉于(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)南仙(xian)(xian)人山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)期(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),“與語三(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)而去(qu) ”。漢武帝(di)(di)(di)對(dui)李少(shao)君(jun)提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“修(xiu)煉、封禪(chan)、長生(sheng)”三(san)者(zhe)融為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議極感興(xing)趣,一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)七次到(dao)(dao)(dao)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。道教(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符箓有(you)(you)(you)“五(wu)(wu)岳(yue)真形(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖”而東(dong)(dong)岳(yue)真形(xing)列(lie)其首,東(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)塑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《五(wu)(wu)岳(yue)真圖序》說(shuo):“東(dong)(dong)岳(yue)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)君(jun)領(ling)群(qun)仙(xian)(xian)五(wu)(wu)千九百(bai)人,……泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)君(jun)青服青袍,戴(dai)蒼碧(bi)七稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠,佩通(tong)陽(yang)太平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)印(yin),乘青龍從群(qun)官(guan)(guan)來迎子(zi)”。魏(wei)晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曹植(zhi),多(duo)次登(deng)臨(lin)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),留下了(le)(le)不(bu)少(shao)求(qiu)仙(xian)(xian)問道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩篇(pian) :“ 仙(xian)(xian)人攬六(liu)著(zhu),對(dui)博泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)隅”;“驅風游(you)五(wu)(wu)海,東(dong)(dong)過(guo)王母廬(lu);俯視(shi)五(wu)(wu)岳(yue)間(jian),人生(sheng)如寄居”《仙(xian)(xian)人篇(pian)》。“晨游(you)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),云霧窈(yao)窕”; “西(xi)登(deng)玉樓,金樓復(fu)道;授(shou)我(wo)仙(xian)(xian)藥,神皇(huang)所(suo)造(zao)(zao);教(jiao)我(wo)服食,還精補腦”。《飛龍篇(pian)》李唐王朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最高(gao)(gao)統(tong)治(zhi)者(zhe)認道家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)始人老子(zi)為(wei)(wei)祖宗(zong)(zong),道教(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)更(geng)加興(xing)盛。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳下有(you)(you)(you)座道觀名曰(yue)(yue)“岱(dai)岳(yue)觀”,傳為(wei)(wei)黃帝(di)(di)(di)時(shi)(shi)始建(jian),(李諤(e)《瑤池(chi)記》)唐朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最高(gao)(gao)統(tong)治(zhi)者(zhe)多(duo)次遣(qian)道士致(zhi)祭(ji),原(yuan)勒(le)于(yu)(yu)岱(dai)岳(yue)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)道唐《雙束碑》為(wei)(wei)我(wo)們提(ti)供了(le)(le)這方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資料(liao)。其一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),唐高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)顯慶六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)661年(nian)(nian),即(ji)武則天攝政第(di)二(er)年(nian)(nian))二(er)月(yue)二(er)十二(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),“敕使東(dong)(dong)岳(yue)先生(sheng)郭行真,弟子(zi)陳蘭茂、杜知古、馬知止(zhi),奉為(wei)(wei)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)后七日(ri)(ri)(ri)行道,造(zao)(zao)塑像一(yi)(yi)驅,二(er)真人夾侍。”再者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)唐睿(rui)宗(zong)(zong)手敕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刻辭文(wen)字,講(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)睿(rui)宗(zong)(zong)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)遣(qian)道士楊太希到(dao)(dao)(dao)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)燒(shao)香事,辭日(ri)(ri)(ri):“景云二(er)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)771年(nian)(nian))六(liu)月(yue)二(er)十三(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri),皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)敬憑太清觀道士楊太希,于(yu)(yu)名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)斫燒(shao)香供養。惟(wei)靈(ling)蘊秘凝真,含幽綜妙,類高(gao)(gao)旻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亭育,同厚載之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陶鈞。蓄池(chi)煙(yan)云,蔽(bi)虧日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue),五(wu)(wu)芝標秀,八(ba)(ba)桂流芳,翠嶺(ling)萬尋,青溪(xi)千仞。蟣裳戾(li)止(zhi),恒為(wei)(wei)碧(bi)落之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庭; 鶴架來游(you),即(ji)是(shi)玉京之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)域。百(bai)祥覃于(yu)(yu)遠邇,五(wu)(wu)福被(bei)于(yu)(yu)黎(li)元(yuan),往帝(di)(di)(di)所(suo)以(yi)馳心,前王由其載想。朕恭庸寶(bao)位,嗣(si)守昌圖,恐百(bai)姓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守,廣八(ba)(ba)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未泰(tai)(tai)(tai)。式(shi)(shi)陳香薦,用表深忠,實冀明靈(ling),降(jiang)茲(zi)休祉。所(suo)愿從茲(zi)以(yi)后,浹宇常安(an);朕躬男女六(liu)姻(yin),永保(bao)如山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壽;國朝(chao)官(guan)(guan)僚萬姓,長符擊壤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歡;鳥魚遂性于(yu)(yu)飛沉,夷狹歸心于(yu)(yu)邊徼。實希靈(ling)鑒(jian),用副翹誠,今因煉師遣(qian)此(ci)不(bu)悉”。有(you)(you)(you)唐一(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai),岱(dai)岳(yue)觀齋醮活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)不(bu)斷,善男信女云集(ji),由此(ci)逐漸形(xing)成了(le)(le)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)。有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)將顯慶六(liu)年(nian)(nian)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)岱(dai)岳(yue)觀造(zao)(zao)像事成而七日(ri)(ri)(ri)齋醮活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)視(shi)為(wei)(wei)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)正式(shi)(shi)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志 (袁愛(ai)國:《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)考識》,《民俗研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)》1988年(nian)(nian)第(di)4期(qi)(qi)),應該說(shuo)信仰有(you)(you)(you)道理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。不(bu)過(guo)值得注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi), 對(dui)岱(dai)岳(yue)觀造(zao)(zao)成神像不(bu)大(da)可(ke)能年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)都(dou)慶賀(he)一(yi)(yi)番,因此(ci)唐代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)應是(shi)隨齋醮活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)而成會(hui),也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)尚無定(ding)制(zhi),廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模也(ye)不(bu)會(hui)太大(da)。只是(shi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)宋代(dai)(dai),把(ba)慶賀(he)東(dong)(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誕辰(三(san)月(yue)二(er)十八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri))作為(wei)(wei)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要內容,明代(dai)(dai)又增加了(le)(le)慶賀(he)碧(bi)霞(xia)元(yuan)君(jun)誕辰(四月(yue)十八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong),這樣就(jiu)大(da)體界定(ding)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)期(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。
泰山東岳廟會2
泰山東岳廟會2
泰山神東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)的身(shen)世(shi)眾(zhong)說紛紜,但(dan)泰山神東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)倍(bei)受(shou)信仰是崇拜則是事實。有(you)(you)謂東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)君(jun)“至神農朝,賜天符都官號(hao)名府君(jun),至漢(han)明帝(di)封(feng)泰山元(yuan)帥”(《三教(jiao)源流大(da)全》),這說明至少到漢(han)代(dai),東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)就有(you)(you)封(feng)號(hao)了。唐末時期,是東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)最(zui)為(wei)顯赫(he)的時期,有(you)(you)唐一代(dai),先后(hou)有(you)(you)封(feng)號(hao)“天中王(wang)(wang)”、“天齊(qi)君(jun)”、“天齊(qi)王(wang)(wang)”、宋真宗朝,先加(jia)號(hao)為(wei)“仁(ren)圣天齊(qi)王(wang)(wang)”,后(hou)加(jia)封(feng)為(wei)“天齊(qi)仁(ren)圣帝(di)”。東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)不僅是神界(jie)之(zhi)神, 而且還成了人間(jian)帝(di)王(wang)(wang),有(you)(you)夫人曰(yue)淑明,有(you)(you)子曰(yue)三郎、四郎、七郎。宋真宗封(feng)禪(chan)泰山時,定東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)的生(sheng)日(ri)為(wei)三月二十八(ba)日(ri)(如(ru)《水滸傳》第七十三回講(jiang)“三月二十八(ba)日(ri),天齊(qi)圣帝(di)降(jiang)誕之(zhi)辰”), 并決定年(nian)年(nian)慶(qing)賀,因而也就使泰山廟會形成了定制(zhi),廟會的地點(dian)也由唐代(dai)時的岱岳(yue)觀一帶(dai)改名為(wei)東(dong)岳(yue)廟(主(zhu)祀東(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝(di))了。
東(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)或(huo)謂泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)(miao),即岱廟(miao)(miao)(miao)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。岱廟(miao)(miao)(miao)創建于何(he)時(shi),有人(ren)以(yi)岱廟(miao)(miao)(miao)內《大(da)宋(song)天(tian)貺殿(dian)(dian)碑銘》中有“秦(qin)既(ji)作疇”、“漢(han)亦起(qi)宮(gong)(gong)”,為據推斷(duan)創建于秦(qin)漢(han)之(zhi)際;也(ye)(ye)有人(ren)則認(ren)為稍晚(wan)一些。拋開“創建”問題不論,唐宋(song)時(shi)期已(yi)具有相當(dang)規模則是(shi)有據可(ke)查的(de)。《大(da)宋(song)宣和重修泰(tai)岱廟(miao)(miao)(miao)碑》記載:“ 增至(zhi)宮(gong)(gong)宇”,“ 繚墻外圍”,罡罳(si)分(fen)翼,巋(kui)然如(ru)御(yu)都紫(zi)極,望之(zhi)者知之(zhi)神靈之(zhi)宅。凡(fan)殿(dian)(dian) 、寢 、堂、閣、門(men)、亭(ting)、庫(ku)、 館、樓、觀、 廊(lang)、廡,合八百(bai)一十(shi)(shi)盈”。以(yi)宋(song)代為背(bei)(bei)景的(de)《水滸傳》對岱廟(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)有著精彩的(de)描寫:“廟(miao)(miao)(miao)居(ju)岱岳(yue)(yue)(yue),山(shan)(shan)鎮乾坤(kun),為山(shan)(shan)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)至(zhi)尊,乃萬(wan)神之(zhi)領袖。山(shan)(shan)頭伏檻,直望見(jian)弱(ruo)水蓬萊;絕頂攀松(song),盡(jin)都是(shi)密云薄霧。樓臺森聳,疑是(shi)金(jin)烏展(zhan)翅飛來;殿(dian)(dian)角棱層, 定覺(jue)玉(yu)兔騰身(shen)走到(dao)。雕梁畫棟,碧瓦(wa)朱(zhu)檐(yan)。鳳(feng)扉亮而映黃紗,龜背(bei)(bei)繡簾(lian)垂錦帶。遙觀圣像,九旒冕舜(shun)目堯(yao)眉(mei);眉(mei),近睹神顏,兗龍(long)袍湯肩禹背(bei)(bei)。九天(tian)司命,芙蓉冠掩(yan)映絳綃認(ren),炳錄赫黃袍偏稱(cheng)藍田(tian)帶。左侍(shi)(shi)下(xia)玉(yu)簪珠履(lv),右侍(shi)(shi)下(xia)紫(zi)綬(shou)金(jin)章。闔殿(dian)(dian)威嚴,護駕三千甲將(jiang) ;兩廊(lang)勇猛,勤王十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)鐵衣兵。五岳(yue)(yue)(yue)樓相接東(dong)(dong)宮(gong)(gong),仁(ren)安殿(dian)(dian)緊連北闕。蒿里(li)山(shan)(shan)下(xia),判官分(fen)七十(shi)(shi)二(er)司;白騾廟(miao)(miao)(miao)中,土神按二(er)十(shi)(shi)四氣。管火池,鐵面太(tai)尉月月通靈;掌生死,五道將(jiang)軍(jun)年(nian)年(nian)顯圣。御(yu)香不斷(duan),天(tian)神飛馬(ma)報丹書;祭祀(si)依(yi)時(shi),老幼(you)望月祈獲福(fu)。嘉寧(ning)殿(dian)(dian),祥云杳靄; 正(zheng)陽門(men),瑞(rui)氣盤旋。萬(wan)民朝拜碧霞君, 四方歸依(yi)仁(ren)圣帝。”以(yi)慶賀東(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)帝誕辰為主要內容的(de)泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui),選址(zhi)在主祀(si)東(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)帝的(de)東(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(岱廟(miao)(miao)(miao))一帶是(shi)再妥(tuo)當(dang)不過的(de)了。