泰(tai)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于每(mei)年3月31日(ri)至(zhi)5月7日(ri)舉辦。東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)誕(dan)辰是3月28日(ri),自宋朝(chao)起,每(mei)年此時立泰(tai)山(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),以祭東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)地點(dian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)即(ji)岱(dai)廟(miao)除祭祈(qi)活(huo)(huo)動外,后世(shi)(shi)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)(le)商(shang)貿、娛(yu)樂活(huo)(huo)動等內容,服(fu)務于來(lai)自四(si)面(mian)八方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)朝(chao)拜(bai)者。《水滸傳》中(zhong)燕青打擂就是在(zai)(zai)(zai)泰(tai)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)上。另外元(yuan)君生(sheng)日(ri)為4月28日(ri),與東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)日(ri)僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)晚一個(ge)(ge)月,而且后世(shi)(shi)碧(bi)霞元(yuan)君的(de)(de)(de)影響超(chao)過(guo)了(le)(le)(le)東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di),因此東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)拖(tuo)長(chang)了(le)(le)(le)時間,增加(jia)(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)(le)祭祀碧(bi)霞元(yuan)君的(de)(de)(de)內容。文革期間一度取消了(le)(le)(le)東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)現在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)期在(zai)(zai)(zai)5月6日(ri)至(zhi)12日(ri),一般在(zai)(zai)(zai)岱(dai)宗(zong)坊西側的(de)(de)(de)廣場舉行。廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)內容除正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)(huo)動以外,主要是經貿活(huo)(huo)動、旅(lv)游觀光(guang)和(he)文化娛(yu)樂近(jin)年來(lai),八方(fang)人士紛至(zhi)沓來(lai),國外客(ke)商(shang)及游客(ke)也(ye)不斷增加(jia)(jia)(jia)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)突出民(min)俗(su)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)文化,全(quan)方(fang)位地挖掘和(he)展示(shi)泰(tai)山(shan)千年歷(li)史積淀。從獨具魅力(li)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)間曲藝(yi)到驚心動魄的(de)(de)(de)游藝(yi)競技,從多姿多彩的(de)(de)(de)民(min)間工藝(yi)到新穎時尚(shang)的(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)游商(shang)品,從祈(qi)福(fu)納(na)祥的(de)(de)(de)拜(bai)山(shan)儀式到古代帝(di)(di)(di)王的(de)(de)(de)封(feng)禪大(da)(da)典,游客(ke)置身其中(zhong),宛如進入了(le)(le)(le)民(min)俗(su)文化的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)觀園。整個(ge)(ge)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)將(jiang)持續一個(ge)(ge)多月時間。
東(dong)(dong)岳廟會(hui)(hui)(hui)以“逛東(dong)(dong)岳廟會(hui)(hui)(hui),覽民(min)間風情”為主題(ti),深(shen)入挖掘東(dong)(dong)岳廟會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化內涵,旨在(zai)(zai)豐富(fu)游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)和(he)(he)(he)城鄉(xiang)居民(min)文(wen)(wen)化生活,打造(zao)“民(min)俗(su)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an),購物泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an),美食(shi)(shi)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an);文(wen)(wen)化泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山,吉(ji)祥泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山,祈福泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山”旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)形(xing)象,營造(zao)歡(huan)快(kuai)祥和(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)節(jie)日氛圍,進一步提高泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)、泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山的(de)(de)(de)知名(ming)度和(he)(he)(he)吸引力,促進經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)又(you)快(kuai)又(you)好地發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。配(pei)合(he)國(guo)(guo)家旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)局推出的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)鄉(xiang)村游(you)(you)(you)主題(ti)活動,按照“貼近民(min)間,貼近企業,貼近游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)”三個貼近和(he)(he)(he)“突(tu)(tu)出民(min)俗(su)宗教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)化,突(tu)(tu)出企業社(she)區文(wen)(wen)化,突(tu)(tu)出購物美食(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化”三個突(tu)(tu)出的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze),本屆(jie)東(dong)(dong)岳廟會(hui)(hui)(hui)共安(an)(an)排了十(shi)二大項活動,在(zai)(zai)活動的(de)(de)(de)組織(zhi)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)內容上都將(jiang)有所創(chuang)新。于4月12日在(zai)(zai)天外(wai)村廣場舉(ju)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)幕式(shi)(shi)將(jiang)上演獨具泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)、泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山特色的(de)(de)(de)民(min)俗(su)文(wen)(wen)化表演。在(zai)(zai)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山王母池蟠桃會(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)(he)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山碧霞(xia)祠祈福迎祥大法會(hui)(hui)(hui)上可以領略(lve)到泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山宗教(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)獨特魅(mei)力。除豐富(fu)多彩(cai)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)俗(su)活動外(wai),我市還(huan)將(jiang)舉(ju)辦春季旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)聯誼會(hui)(hui)(hui),邀請國(guo)(guo)內重點旅(lv)(lv)(lv)行(xing)社(she)、媒體記(ji)者、周邊大型企業和(he)(he)(he)高校相關負責人(ren)前來考察景點,開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)業務(wu)洽(qia)談。在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)投(tou)資(zi)合(he)作洽(qia)談會(hui)(hui)(hui)上國(guo)(guo)內外(wai)知名(ming)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)服務(wu)企業和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)內投(tou)資(zi)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)企業負責人(ren)將(jiang)共商(shang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)大計。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)(an)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)購物美食(shi)(shi)節(jie)將(jiang)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)美食(shi)(shi)大賽,推出豐富(fu)多彩(cai)的(de)(de)(de)珍饈美饌,以滿足(zu)市民(min)與游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)美食(shi)(shi)需求。
孔夫子(zi)編定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《詩經》中有“太山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巖巖,魯邦(bang)所(suo)瞻”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩句,漢武(wu)(wu)帝劉徹曾面對泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)發出(chu)(chu)“ 高(gao)(gao)矣(yi),極矣(yi),大(da)矣(yi),特矣(yi),赫(he)矣(yi),駭矣(yi),惑矣(yi)”,的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)嘆。道(dao)(dao)(dao)家(jia)之人(ren)(ren)(ren)對泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)情有所(suo)鐘。道(dao)(dao)(dao)與仙(xian)(xian)(xian)有緣,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)與山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有關。《說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)文》云:“仚(即仙(xian)(xian)(xian)),人(ren)(ren)(ren)在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上貌,從人(ren)(ren)(ren)從山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”《釋名》曰(yue)(yue):“老而不(bu)死曰(yue)(yue)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)。仙(xian)(xian)(xian),遷也(ye),遷入(ru)(ru)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye),故制(zhi)字人(ren)(ren)(ren)傍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)。”要想(xiang)得道(dao)(dao)(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)仙(xian)(xian)(xian),就(jiu)必須入(ru)(ru)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)修(xiu)煉。戰(zhan)國時(shi)期,方(fang)(fang)土黃伯陽隱居(ju)于(yu)(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之鹿町巖洞修(xiu)煉,后人(ren)(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)為(wei)“黃伯陽洞”。秦(qin)始皇(huang)(huang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)封泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)時(shi),曾條算訪仙(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)羨門高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蹤(zong)跡;又傳(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)秦(qin)始皇(huang)(huang)求見修(xiu)煉于(yu)(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南仙(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)期山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),“與語三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)而去(qu) ”。漢武(wu)(wu)帝對李少君(jun)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“修(xiu)煉、封禪、長(chang)生”三(san)(san)者融為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議極感(gan)興(xing)趣,一(yi)(yi)(yi)生七次(ci)到泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符箓有“五(wu)岳(yue)真(zhen)形(xing)之圖(tu)”而東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)真(zhen)形(xing)列其(qi)(qi)首,東(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)塑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《五(wu)岳(yue)真(zhen)圖(tu)序》說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)君(jun)領群仙(xian)(xian)(xian)五(wu)千九(jiu)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren)(ren),……泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)君(jun)青服青袍,戴蒼碧(bi)(bi)七稱(cheng)之冠,佩(pei)通陽太平之印,乘青龍從群官來迎子(zi)”。魏晉時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曹植,多(duo)次(ci)登(deng)臨泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),留下了(le)不(bu)少求仙(xian)(xian)(xian)問道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩篇(pian) :“ 仙(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)攬六(liu)(liu)(liu)著,對博泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)隅”;“驅風游五(wu)海,東(dong)(dong)(dong)過(guo)王母廬;俯視五(wu)岳(yue)間,人(ren)(ren)(ren)生如寄(ji)居(ju)”《仙(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)篇(pian)》。“晨游泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),云霧(wu)窈窕”; “西(xi)登(deng)玉(yu)樓,金樓復道(dao)(dao)(dao);授我仙(xian)(xian)(xian)藥,神(shen)皇(huang)(huang)所(suo)造(zao)(zao);教我服食,還精(jing)補腦”。《飛龍篇(pian)》李唐王朝(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)統治者認道(dao)(dao)(dao)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創始人(ren)(ren)(ren)老子(zi)為(wei)祖宗(zong),道(dao)(dao)(dao)教活(huo)動更加興(xing)盛。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳下有座道(dao)(dao)(dao)觀(guan)名曰(yue)(yue)“岱(dai)岳(yue)觀(guan)”,傳(chuan)為(wei)黃帝時(shi)始建(jian),(李諤《瑤(yao)池(chi)記》)唐朝(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)統治者多(duo)次(ci)遣(qian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)士(shi)(shi)致祭,原(yuan)勒于(yu)(yu)(yu)岱(dai)岳(yue)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)唐《雙束(shu)碑》為(wei)我們提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)這(zhe)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資料。其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),唐高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)顯慶(qing)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(公元661年(nian)(nian),即武(wu)(wu)則天攝政第(di)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian))二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),“敕(chi)使東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)先生郭行真(zhen),弟子(zi)陳(chen)蘭(lan)茂、杜(du)知古、馬知止,奉(feng)為(wei)皇(huang)(huang)帝后七日(ri)(ri)(ri)行道(dao)(dao)(dao),造(zao)(zao)塑像(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)驅,二(er)(er)真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)夾侍。”再(zai)者為(wei)唐睿(rui)宗(zong)手敕(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刻辭文字,講的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)睿(rui)宗(zong)皇(huang)(huang)帝遣(qian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)士(shi)(shi)楊太希到泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)燒(shao)香(xiang)事,辭日(ri)(ri)(ri):“景云二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(公元771年(nian)(nian))六(liu)(liu)(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri),皇(huang)(huang)帝敬憑太清觀(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)士(shi)(shi)楊太希,于(yu)(yu)(yu)名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)斫燒(shao)香(xiang)供(gong)養。惟靈(ling)蘊(yun)秘(mi)凝真(zhen),含幽(you)綜妙,類高(gao)(gao)旻(min)之亭育,同(tong)厚(hou)載之陶(tao)鈞。蓄池(chi)煙云,蔽虧日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue),五(wu)芝標秀,八(ba)(ba)桂(gui)流芳,翠(cui)嶺萬(wan)尋,青溪千仞(ren)。蟣裳戾止,恒為(wei)碧(bi)(bi)落之庭; 鶴架來游,即是(shi)(shi)玉(yu)京之域(yu)。百(bai)(bai)祥覃于(yu)(yu)(yu)遠邇,五(wu)福(fu)被于(yu)(yu)(yu)黎(li)元,往帝所(suo)以馳心(xin),前(qian)王由其(qi)(qi)載想(xiang)。朕恭庸寶位,嗣守昌圖(tu),恐百(bai)(bai)姓之守,廣八(ba)(ba)方(fang)(fang)之未泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。式(shi)陳(chen)香(xiang)薦(jian),用表深忠,實冀明靈(ling),降茲(zi)休祉(zhi)。所(suo)愿從茲(zi)以后,浹宇(yu)常安(an);朕躬男女六(liu)(liu)(liu)姻,永保如山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之壽;國朝(chao)(chao)官僚萬(wan)姓,長(chang)符擊壤之歡;鳥魚遂性于(yu)(yu)(yu)飛沉(chen),夷狹歸心(xin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)邊(bian)徼。實希靈(ling)鑒(jian),用副翹誠(cheng),今因煉師遣(qian)此(ci)不(bu)悉”。有唐一(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai),岱(dai)岳(yue)觀(guan)齋(zhai)醮活(huo)動不(bu)斷,善男信女云集,由此(ci)逐漸形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)。有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究者將顯慶(qing)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)岱(dai)岳(yue)觀(guan)造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)事成(cheng)(cheng)而七日(ri)(ri)(ri)齋(zhai)醮活(huo)動視為(wei)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)正式(shi)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志 (袁(yuan)愛國:《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)廟(miao)會(hui)考識(shi)》,《民俗研究》1988年(nian)(nian)第(di)4期),應該說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)信仰有道(dao)(dao)(dao)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。不(bu)過(guo)值得注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi), 對岱(dai)岳(yue)觀(guan)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)神(shen)像(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)大(da)可能年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)都慶(qing)賀(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)番,因此(ci)唐代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)應是(shi)(shi)隨齋(zhai)醮活(huo)動而成(cheng)(cheng)會(hui),也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)尚無定(ding)制(zhi),廟(miao)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模也(ye)不(bu)會(hui)太大(da)。只是(shi)(shi)到了(le)宋代(dai)(dai),把(ba)慶(qing)賀(he)東(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)大(da)帝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誕(dan)辰(三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri))作為(wei)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要內容,明代(dai)(dai)又增加了(le)慶(qing)賀(he)碧(bi)(bi)霞元君(jun)誕(dan)辰(四月(yue)(yue)(yue)十八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動,這(zhe)樣就(jiu)大(da)體界定(ding)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)期時(shi)間。
泰山東岳廟會2
泰山東岳廟會2
泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)神(shen)(shen)東岳(yue)大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)的(de)身世眾說(shuo)紛(fen)紜,但泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)神(shen)(shen)東岳(yue)大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)倍(bei)受信仰是(shi)崇拜則是(shi)事(shi)實。有(you)謂東岳(yue)大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)君“至神(shen)(shen)農朝,賜天(tian)符都官號名府(fu)君,至漢(han)明帝(di)封(feng)泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)元帥”(《三(san)(san)(san)教(jiao)源流大(da)(da)(da)全》),這說(shuo)明至少到漢(han)代,東岳(yue)大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)就(jiu)有(you)封(feng)號了。唐末(mo)時(shi)期,是(shi)東岳(yue)大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)最為(wei)(wei)顯赫的(de)時(shi)期,有(you)唐一(yi)代,先后(hou)有(you)封(feng)號“天(tian)中(zhong)王(wang)”、“天(tian)齊(qi)(qi)君”、“天(tian)齊(qi)(qi)王(wang)”、宋真宗朝,先加(jia)號為(wei)(wei)“仁(ren)圣(sheng)天(tian)齊(qi)(qi)王(wang)”,后(hou)加(jia)封(feng)為(wei)(wei)“天(tian)齊(qi)(qi)仁(ren)圣(sheng)帝(di)”。東岳(yue)大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)不僅是(shi)神(shen)(shen)界之(zhi)神(shen)(shen), 而且還成(cheng)了人(ren)間帝(di)王(wang),有(you)夫人(ren)曰(yue)淑明,有(you)子曰(yue)三(san)(san)(san)郎(lang)、四郎(lang)、七郎(lang)。宋真宗封(feng)禪泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)時(shi),定(ding)東岳(yue)大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)的(de)生(sheng)日為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)月二十(shi)(shi)八日(如《水滸傳》第七十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)回講“三(san)(san)(san)月二十(shi)(shi)八日,天(tian)齊(qi)(qi)圣(sheng)帝(di)降(jiang)誕之(zhi)辰(chen)”), 并決(jue)定(ding)年年慶賀,因(yin)而也就(jiu)使泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)形成(cheng)了定(ding)制,廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)的(de)地點(dian)也由(you)唐代時(shi)的(de)岱岳(yue)觀一(yi)帶改(gai)名為(wei)(wei)東岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(主(zhu)祀(si)東岳(yue)大(da)(da)(da)帝(di))了。
東岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)或謂泰(tai)山(shan)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),即岱(dai)(dai)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)是(shi)也(ye)。岱(dai)(dai)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)創建(jian)于(yu)何時,有人以岱(dai)(dai)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)內(nei)《大宋(song)天(tian)貺殿碑(bei)銘》中有“秦(qin)(qin)既(ji)作疇”、“漢(han)亦起宮”,為(wei)據推斷(duan)創建(jian)于(yu)秦(qin)(qin)漢(han)之際;也(ye)有人則(ze)認為(wei)稍晚一(yi)些。拋(pao)開“創建(jian)”問(wen)題(ti)不論,唐宋(song)時期已具有相當(dang)規模則(ze)是(shi)有據可(ke)查的。《大宋(song)宣和重修泰(tai)岱(dai)(dai)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)碑(bei)》記(ji)載:“ 增至(zhi)宮宇”,“ 繚(liao)墻外圍(wei)”,罡罳分(fen)翼,巋然如御(yu)都紫極,望之者知之神(shen)(shen)靈之宅。凡(fan)殿 、寢 、堂、閣、門(men)、亭、庫、 館、樓、觀(guan)、 廊、廡,合八(ba)百一(yi)十盈”。以宋(song)代(dai)為(wei)背(bei)景的《水滸傳》對岱(dai)(dai)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)有著(zhu)精彩(cai)的描寫:“廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)居岱(dai)(dai)岳(yue)(yue),山(shan)鎮乾坤(kun),為(wei)山(shan)岳(yue)(yue)之至(zhi)尊(zun),乃萬(wan)神(shen)(shen)之領袖。山(shan)頭伏檻,直望見弱(ruo)水蓬萊;絕頂攀松(song),盡都是(shi)密云薄霧。樓臺(tai)森聳,疑是(shi)金(jin)(jin)烏展翅飛來(lai);殿角棱層, 定覺玉兔騰身走(zou)到。雕梁畫(hua)棟(dong),碧(bi)(bi)瓦朱檐(yan)。鳳扉(fei)亮而映黃紗,龜背(bei)繡簾(lian)垂錦帶。遙觀(guan)圣像(xiang),九旒(liu)冕(mian)舜(shun)目堯眉;眉,近睹(du)神(shen)(shen)顏,兗龍袍湯肩(jian)禹(yu)背(bei)。九天(tian)司命(ming),芙(fu)蓉冠掩映絳綃認,炳錄赫(he)黃袍偏稱藍田帶。左(zuo)侍(shi)下玉簪(zan)珠履,右(you)侍(shi)下紫綬金(jin)(jin)章。闔殿威嚴(yan),護駕三千甲(jia)將 ;兩廊勇猛(meng),勤王十萬(wan)鐵衣兵。五岳(yue)(yue)樓相接東宮,仁安殿緊(jin)連(lian)北闕。蒿里山(shan)下,判官(guan)分(fen)七(qi)十二(er)司;白(bai)騾(luo)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中,土(tu)神(shen)(shen)按二(er)十四(si)氣。管(guan)火池(chi),鐵面太尉月月通靈;掌生死,五道將軍年(nian)年(nian)顯圣。御(yu)香不斷(duan),天(tian)神(shen)(shen)飛馬報丹書;祭(ji)祀依時,老幼(you)望月祈獲福。嘉(jia)寧殿,祥云杳靄; 正(zheng)陽門(men),瑞氣盤旋。萬(wan)民朝拜(bai)碧(bi)(bi)霞君(jun), 四(si)方歸依仁圣帝(di)。”以慶賀東岳(yue)(yue)大帝(di)誕辰為(wei)主(zhu)要內(nei)容的泰(tai)山(shan)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會,選址(zhi)在主(zhu)祀東岳(yue)(yue)大帝(di)的東岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(岱(dai)(dai)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao))一(yi)帶是(shi)再妥當(dang)不過的了。