白花蒲(pu)公(gong)英(Taraxacum pseudo- albidum Kitag.)菊(ju)科蒲(pu)公(gong)英屬植(zhi)物,多(duo)年生(sheng)草(cao)本,葉線狀披(pi)針(zhen)形,花葶1至數個,長2-6厘米(mi),瘦果倒(dao)卵狀長圓形花果期6-8月。
主要分布(bu)于中(zhong)國甘肅西(xi)部(bu)(阿克(ke)塞)、青(qing)海、新疆、西(xi)藏(zang)等省區,以及印度西(xi)北部(bu)、伊朗(lang)、巴基斯坦(tan)、俄羅斯等國。
白(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蒲公(gong)(gong)(gong)英種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)界限爭議較多。《蘇(su)聯植物志(zhi)》將亞洲蒲公(gong)(gong)(gong)英T. asiaticum Dahlst.和(he)T. cuspidatum Dahlst. 2種(zhong)(zhong)歸(gui)在(zai)(zai)白(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蒲公(gong)(gong)(gong)英中(zhong)(zhong)。盡管上述2種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)時花(hua)(hua)(hua)為白(bai)色,但該2種(zhong)(zhong)外層(ceng)總苞片先端有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)突起(qi)或(huo)小角,瘦果喙纖細(xi),與白(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蒲公(gong)(gong)(gong)英具(ju)明(ming)顯的(de)區別(bie),因(yin)而恢復亞洲蒲公(gong)(gong)(gong)英種(zhong)(zhong),并將T. cuspidatum Dahlst.歸(gui)在(zai)(zai)亞洲蒲公(gong)(gong)(gong)英內;另外《西藏植物志(zhi)》將粉綠(lv)蒲公(gong)(gong)(gong)英T. dealbatum Hand. -Mazz., T. kawaguchii Kitam., T. staticifolium V. Soest及T. bhutanicum V. Soest4種(zhong)(zhong)歸(gui)在(zai)(zai)白(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蒲公(gong)(gong)(gong)英中(zhong)(zhong)。此(ci)4種(zhong)(zhong)舌狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)均為黃色,且瘦果頂端喙纖細(xi)等特點,不應歸(gui)在(zai)(zai)白(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蒲公(gong)(gong)(gong)英中(zhong)(zhong),除粉綠(lv)蒲公(gong)(gong)(gong)英恢復原名外,后3種(zhong)(zhong)均歸(gui)在(zai)(zai)小花(hua)(hua)(hua)蒲公(gong)(gong)(gong)英T.parvulum DC.中(zhong)(zhong)。
生于林綠、向陽地(di)(di)。耐寒(han),喜陽,亦(yi)耐干旱(han);以及海拔2500-6000米,山坡濕潤草地(di)(di)、溝谷、河灘草地(di)(di)以及沼澤草甸處。
主(zhu)產(chan)甘(gan)肅西部(阿(a)克塞)、青海(hai)、新疆(jiang)、西藏等(deng)省區。印度(du)西北部、伊朗、巴(ba)基(ji)斯坦(tan)、俄羅斯等(deng)國也有分布(bu)。模式標本產(chan)阿(a)爾泰(tai)山區。
葉線狀披(pi)針形,近全緣或淺裂,稀半(ban)裂,具(ju)小(xiao)齒,長(2-)3-5(-8)厘米,兩面無毛。
花葶1至(zhi)數個,長(chang)2-6厘米(mi),I無(wu)毛(mao)或(huo)頂端(duan)疏被蛛絲狀柔(rou)毛(mao);頭(tou)狀花序直徑2.5-3厘米(mi);總(zong)苞長(chang)0.9-1.3厘米(mi),總(zong)苞片(pian)綠或(huo)淡綠色(se)(se),先端(duan)背(bei)面具小(xiao)角或(huo)增厚(hou),外層(ceng)卵狀披針形,稍寬(kuan)于至(zhi)等(deng)于內層(ceng),具寬(kuan)膜質(zhi)邊(bian)(bian)緣;舌狀花白色(se)(se),稀淡黃(huang)色(se)(se),邊(bian)(bian)緣花舌片(pian)背(bei)面有暗色(se)(se)條(tiao)紋,柱頭(tou)干時黑色(se)(se)。
瘦果倒卵狀長(chang)圓形,枯麥稈(gan)黃、淡褐(he)或灰褐(he)色,長(chang)4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),上(shang)部(bu)1/4具小刺,頂端(duan)漸收縮成長(chang)0.5-1.2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)喙基,喙較粗,長(chang)3-6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi):冠(guan)毛長(chang)4-5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),帶(dai)淡紅色,稀污(wu)白(bai)色。
播種、分株繁殖。
布(bu)置花境或點綴草地。
多(duo)用作綴花(hua)草坪,花(hua)期早,花(hua)色鮮亮,單獨種植或與紫花(hua)花(hua)地丁等(deng)早春開(kai)花(hua)植物搭(da)配使用效(xiao)果(guo)均佳。也可(ke)做花(hua)境和花(hua)帶應用。根(gen)和全草可(ke)入藥。
始載(zai)于(yu)《中(zhong)藥志》中(zhong)國(guo)高(gao)等植物圖鑒、《青海野(ye)生藥用植物》。