白花(hua)蒲(pu)公英(Taraxacum pseudo- albidum Kitag.)菊科蒲(pu)公英屬(shu)植物,多年(nian)生(sheng)草本(ben),葉線狀(zhuang)披針形,花(hua)葶1至(zhi)數個,長2-6厘米,瘦果倒卵狀(zhuang)長圓形花(hua)果期6-8月(yue)。
主要(yao)分布于中國(guo)甘肅西(xi)部(bu)(阿克(ke)塞)、青海、新疆、西(xi)藏(zang)等省區,以及印度西(xi)北部(bu)、伊朗、巴基斯坦、俄羅(luo)斯等國(guo)。
白(bai)花(hua)(hua)蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)公(gong)(gong)英種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的界限(xian)爭(zheng)議(yi)較(jiao)多。《蘇聯植物志(zhi)》將亞(ya)(ya)洲蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)公(gong)(gong)英T. asiaticum Dahlst.和T. cuspidatum Dahlst. 2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)在(zai)白(bai)花(hua)(hua)蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)公(gong)(gong)英中(zhong)(zhong)。盡(jin)管上述2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有時花(hua)(hua)為白(bai)色,但該(gai)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)層總苞片先端有明顯的突起或小(xiao)角,瘦果(guo)(guo)喙(hui)纖細(xi),與白(bai)花(hua)(hua)蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)公(gong)(gong)英具(ju)明顯的區別,因而(er)恢復(fu)亞(ya)(ya)洲蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)公(gong)(gong)英種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),并將T. cuspidatum Dahlst.歸(gui)(gui)(gui)在(zai)亞(ya)(ya)洲蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)公(gong)(gong)英內(nei);另外(wai)《西藏植物志(zhi)》將粉(fen)(fen)綠蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)公(gong)(gong)英T. dealbatum Hand. -Mazz., T. kawaguchii Kitam., T. staticifolium V. Soest及T. bhutanicum V. Soest4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)在(zai)白(bai)花(hua)(hua)蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)公(gong)(gong)英中(zhong)(zhong)。此4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)舌(she)狀花(hua)(hua)均為黃色,且(qie)瘦果(guo)(guo)頂端喙(hui)纖細(xi)等特點,不應歸(gui)(gui)(gui)在(zai)白(bai)花(hua)(hua)蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)公(gong)(gong)英中(zhong)(zhong),除粉(fen)(fen)綠蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)公(gong)(gong)英恢復(fu)原(yuan)名外(wai),后(hou)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均歸(gui)(gui)(gui)在(zai)小(xiao)花(hua)(hua)蒲(pu)(pu)(pu)公(gong)(gong)英T.parvulum DC.中(zhong)(zhong)。
生于林綠、向陽地(di)(di)。耐(nai)寒,喜(xi)陽,亦耐(nai)干旱;以及海拔2500-6000米,山坡濕潤草(cao)地(di)(di)、溝谷、河灘草(cao)地(di)(di)以及沼澤(ze)草(cao)甸處(chu)。
主產甘肅西(xi)部(阿克塞)、青海、新疆、西(xi)藏等省(sheng)區(qu)。印度(du)西(xi)北部、伊(yi)朗、巴(ba)基斯坦、俄羅斯等國也有(you)分布。模式(shi)標本產阿爾(er)泰山區(qu)。
葉線狀披(pi)針(zhen)形,近全緣或淺(qian)裂,稀半裂,具(ju)小齒(chi),長(chang)(2-)3-5(-8)厘米,兩面無毛(mao)。
花(hua)葶(ting)1至(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)個,長(chang)2-6厘(li)(li)米,I無毛或(huo)頂端疏被蛛絲狀柔毛;頭(tou)狀花(hua)序(xu)直徑2.5-3厘(li)(li)米;總苞(bao)長(chang)0.9-1.3厘(li)(li)米,總苞(bao)片(pian)綠或(huo)淡(dan)綠色(se)(se)(se),先(xian)端背(bei)面具小角或(huo)增(zeng)厚,外層(ceng)卵狀披針(zhen)形,稍寬于至(zhi)(zhi)等于內層(ceng),具寬膜質(zhi)邊緣;舌(she)狀花(hua)白色(se)(se)(se),稀淡(dan)黃色(se)(se)(se),邊緣花(hua)舌(she)片(pian)背(bei)面有暗色(se)(se)(se)條紋,柱頭(tou)干時黑色(se)(se)(se)。
瘦果倒卵(luan)狀長(chang)圓形(xing),枯麥稈黃、淡褐(he)或(huo)灰褐(he)色,長(chang)4毫米,上部(bu)1/4具(ju)小刺(ci),頂(ding)端漸收縮成長(chang)0.5-1.2毫米喙基,喙較粗,長(chang)3-6毫米:冠毛(mao)長(chang)4-5毫米,帶淡紅色,稀污白色。
播種、分株繁殖(zhi)。
布置(zhi)花境或(huo)點綴草地。
多用作綴花(hua)草坪(ping),花(hua)期早,花(hua)色鮮(xian)亮,單獨(du)種植(zhi)或與(yu)紫(zi)花(hua)花(hua)地(di)丁等早春開花(hua)植(zhi)物(wu)搭配使用效果(guo)均佳(jia)。也可做(zuo)花(hua)境和花(hua)帶應用。根和全草可入藥(yao)。
始載(zai)于(yu)《中藥志》中國高等植(zhi)物圖鑒、《青海野生藥用植(zhi)物》。