緋(fei)紅(hong)蒲公英(學名:Taraxacum pseudoroseum Schischk.)是菊科(ke)蒲公英屬(shu)植物,葉倒披針形,長(chang)4-15厘米,寬8-25毫米,羽(yu)狀淺裂至羽(yu)狀深裂,生長(chang)于(yu)海拔2500-3300米高(gao)山、亞(ya)高(gao)山草甸及森林草甸,分布在新(xin)疆烏魯木齊、阜康(kang)、沙灣、奇臺、阿勒泰、伊寧、尼(ni)勒克(ke)。
多(duo)(duo)年生葶狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)草本,具(ju)白(bai)色(se)(se)乳(ru)液。莖花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)葶狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),1至數個,直立(li)(li)、中空,上(shang)部被蛛絲(si)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)柔毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)無(wu)(wu)(wu)毛(mao)。葉基生,密集成蓮座(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),匙形(xing)(xing)(xing)、倒(dao)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing),羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)深裂或(huo)(huo)(huo)淺裂,裂片多(duo)(duo)倒(dao)向(xiang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)平展(zhan),具(ju)波狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)齒,稀全(quan)(quan)緣,具(ju)柄或(huo)(huo)(huo)無(wu)(wu)(wu)柄。頭(tou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)單生花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)葶頂端;總(zong)苞鐘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)窄(zhai)鐘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),總(zong)苞片數層(ceng)(ceng),有(you)時(shi)先端背部增厚或(huo)(huo)(huo)有(you)小角,外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)短于內層(ceng)(ceng),通常(chang)稍寬,常(chang)有(you)淺色(se)(se)邊緣,線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),伏貼(tie)或(huo)(huo)(huo)反卷,內層(ceng)(ceng)多(duo)(duo)少呈線形(xing)(xing)(xing),直立(li)(li);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)托多(duo)(duo)少平,有(you)小窩孔,無(wu)(wu)(wu)毛(mao),稀有(you)毛(mao);全(quan)(quan)為舌(she)(she)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),兩性、結實;頭(tou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)通常(chang)有(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)數十朵,有(you)時(shi)100余朵,舌(she)(she)片黃色(se)(se),稀白(bai)、紅或(huo)(huo)(huo)紫紅色(se)(se),先端截(jie)平,具(ju)5齒,邊緣花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)舌(she)(she)片背面(mian)常(chang)具(ju)暗(an)色(se)(se)條紋(wen):雄蕊5,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥聚合,筒(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),基部具(ju)尾(wei),戟形(xing)(xing)(xing),先端有(you)三角形(xing)(xing)(xing)附(fu)屬物,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲(si)離生,著生花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠筒(tong)上(shang);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)(zhu)細(xi)長,伸出聚藥雄蕊外(wai),柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)2裂,裂瓣線形(xing)(xing)(xing)。瘦果紡錘(chui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)倒(dao)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)縱溝(gou),上(shang)部或(huo)(huo)(huo)幾(ji)全(quan)(quan)部有(you)刺狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)瘤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)突起,稀光滑(hua),上(shang)端縊縮或(huo)(huo)(huo)漸收縮為圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)的喙(hui)基,喙(hui)細(xi)長,少粗(cu)短,稀無(wu)(wu)(wu)喙(hui);冠毛(mao)多(duo)(duo)層(ceng)(ceng),白(bai)色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)淡色(se)(se),毛(mao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),易脫落。
約2000余種,主產北半球溫(wen)帶至亞熱(re)(re)帶地區(qu),少數(shu)產熱(re)(re)帶南美(mei)洲。我國(guo)70種、1變(bian)種。
生于海拔2500-3300米高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)、亞高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)草甸及森林(lin)草甸。
產(chan)于(yu)新疆(烏魯木齊、阜康(kang)、沙灣(wan)、奇臺、阿勒泰、伊寧、尼勒克)。哈薩克斯(si)(si)坦(tan)及吉爾吉斯(si)(si)斯(si)(si)坦(tan)也(ye)有分布。
緋紅蒲公英,多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)草本,植(zhi)株高(gao)10-20厘米。葉(xie)無毛,倒披針形。花葶花時(shi)長于葉(xie),有時(shi)帶紫紅色,無毛。舌狀花紫紅色。瘦果淡黃褐色。產(chan)阿勒(le)泰、奇臺、阜康、烏魯木齊、沙(sha)灣(wan)、伊(yi)寧、尼勒(le)克等地。耐寒植(zhi)物。
多年(nian)生(sheng)草(cao)本。根頸部(bu)無(wu)殘存葉(xie)基(ji)(ji)。葉(xie)倒(dao)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)4-15厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)8-25毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),羽狀(zhuang)淺裂至(zhi)羽狀(zhuang)深裂,頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)大,三(san)(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)至(zhi)長(chang)(chang)三(san)(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),全緣(yuan),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)鈍,每側裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)2-4片(pian)(pian)(pian),裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)三(san)(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),平(ping)展或倒(dao)向(xiang),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)急尖,全緣(yuan),裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)間(jian)無(wu)齒、亦無(wu)小裂片(pian)(pian)(pian),葉(xie)基(ji)(ji)常顯紫紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),兩面(mian)無(wu)毛(mao)。花葶2-5,較粗壯,高(gao)10-20厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),有時帶紫紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),無(wu)毛(mao);頭(tou)狀(zhuang)花序直徑25-30毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi);總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)寬(kuan)鐘狀(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)14-20毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)先(xian)端(duan)(duan)漸尖、無(wu)角(jiao);外(wai)層(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)淡(dan)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),卵狀(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)至(zhi)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)6-8毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2-4毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),花時反(fan)卷,具極窄的膜質邊(bian)緣(yuan),等寬(kuan)或寬(kuan)于內(nei)層(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian);內(nei)層(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)為外(wai)層(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的2倍;舌狀(zhuang)花紫紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),喉部(bu)及舌片(pian)(pian)(pian)下(xia)部(bu)的背面(mian)有少(shao)量短毛(mao),舌片(pian)(pian)(pian)長(chang)(chang)8-13毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)1-1.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)筒(tong)長(chang)(chang)2.5-4毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),柱(zhu)頭(tou)黃褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。瘦(shou)果淡(dan)黃褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)3-3.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)部(bu)以上被小刺,以下(xia)具少(shao)量小瘤(liu)狀(zhuang)突起或無(wu)瘤(liu),喙(hui)基(ji)(ji)長(chang)(chang)約(yue)0.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),喙(hui)長(chang)(chang)6-8毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi);冠毛(mao)白色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)6-7毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。