緋(fei)紅蒲(pu)公英(學(xue)名:Taraxacum pseudoroseum Schischk.)是(shi)菊(ju)科(ke)蒲(pu)公英屬(shu)植(zhi)物,葉(xie)倒(dao)披針形,長(chang)4-15厘(li)米,寬8-25毫(hao)米,羽狀淺裂至羽狀深(shen)裂,生長(chang)于海拔2500-3300米高山(shan)、亞高山(shan)草甸及森林(lin)草甸,分(fen)布在(zai)新(xin)疆烏魯木(mu)齊、阜康、沙(sha)灣、奇(qi)臺(tai)、阿勒泰、伊寧、尼勒克。
多(duo)(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)葶狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)草本,具(ju)(ju)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)乳液(ye)。莖花(hua)葶狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),1至數個,直(zhi)(zhi)立、中(zhong)空,上(shang)部(bu)(bu)被蛛絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉基生(sheng)(sheng),密集(ji)成蓮座狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),匙(chi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、倒(dao)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)深裂(lie)(lie)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)淺裂(lie)(lie),裂(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)多(duo)(duo)倒(dao)向或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)平(ping)展(zhan),具(ju)(ju)波狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)齒(chi),稀(xi)全緣(yuan),具(ju)(ju)柄(bing)(bing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)無柄(bing)(bing)。頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)序單生(sheng)(sheng)花(hua)葶頂端;總苞(bao)鐘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)窄(zhai)鐘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),總苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)數層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),有(you)時先端背(bei)部(bu)(bu)增(zeng)厚或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)有(you)小角,外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)短于內層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),通常(chang)(chang)(chang)稍寬,常(chang)(chang)(chang)有(you)淺色(se)(se)(se)(se)邊(bian)緣(yuan),線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),伏貼或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)反卷,內層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)多(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)呈(cheng)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)(zhi)立;花(hua)序托多(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)平(ping),有(you)小窩(wo)孔,無毛(mao)(mao)(mao),稀(xi)有(you)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);全為舌(she)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua),兩性、結(jie)實;頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)序通常(chang)(chang)(chang)有(you)花(hua)數十(shi)朵,有(you)時100余(yu)朵,舌(she)片(pian)(pian)(pian)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se),稀(xi)白(bai)、紅(hong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)紫紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se),先端截平(ping),具(ju)(ju)5齒(chi),邊(bian)緣(yuan)花(hua)舌(she)片(pian)(pian)(pian)背(bei)面常(chang)(chang)(chang)具(ju)(ju)暗色(se)(se)(se)(se)條紋:雄蕊5,花(hua)藥(yao)聚(ju)合,筒狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),基部(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)尾,戟(ji)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先端有(you)三角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)附屬物,花(hua)絲離生(sheng)(sheng),著生(sheng)(sheng)花(hua)冠筒上(shang);花(hua)柱細長(chang),伸出(chu)聚(ju)藥(yao)雄蕊外(wai),柱頭2裂(lie)(lie),裂(lie)(lie)瓣線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。瘦果紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)倒(dao)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)縱溝,上(shang)部(bu)(bu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幾(ji)全部(bu)(bu)有(you)刺狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)瘤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)突起,稀(xi)光(guang)滑,上(shang)端縊縮(suo)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)漸(jian)收縮(suo)為圓柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的喙(hui)基,喙(hui)細長(chang),少(shao)(shao)粗短,稀(xi)無喙(hui);冠毛(mao)(mao)(mao)多(duo)(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)淡色(se)(se)(se)(se),毛(mao)(mao)(mao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),易脫落(luo)。
約(yue)2000余種(zhong),主產(chan)北半球(qiu)溫(wen)帶(dai)至亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)地區,少數產(chan)熱(re)帶(dai)南美洲。我(wo)國70種(zhong)、1變種(zhong)。
生(sheng)于海拔2500-3300米高山、亞高山草(cao)甸及森林草(cao)甸。
產(chan)于新疆(烏魯木齊、阜康、沙(sha)灣、奇臺、阿勒泰、伊寧、尼勒克)。哈薩克斯坦(tan)及(ji)吉(ji)爾吉(ji)斯斯坦(tan)也有分(fen)布。
緋紅(hong)(hong)蒲公(gong)英,多(duo)年生草本,植(zhi)株高10-20厘米。葉無毛,倒披(pi)針形(xing)。花葶花時(shi)長于葉,有時(shi)帶紫紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se),無毛。舌狀花紫紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)。瘦果淡(dan)黃褐色(se)(se)。產阿勒(le)泰(tai)、奇(qi)臺(tai)、阜康、烏魯木齊、沙灣、伊寧、尼勒(le)克等地。耐寒植(zhi)物。
多年生草本。根頸部(bu)無(wu)(wu)殘存葉(xie)(xie)基(ji)。葉(xie)(xie)倒披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing),長4-15厘米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)8-25毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),羽狀(zhuang)淺(qian)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)至羽狀(zhuang)深裂(lie)(lie)(lie),頂端(duan)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)大,三角(jiao)形(xing)至長三角(jiao)形(xing),全(quan)緣,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)鈍,每側裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)2-4片(pian)(pian),裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)三角(jiao)形(xing),平展或倒向,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)急尖(jian),全(quan)緣,裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)間無(wu)(wu)齒(chi)、亦無(wu)(wu)小裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian),葉(xie)(xie)基(ji)常顯紫(zi)紅色(se)(se),兩面無(wu)(wu)毛。花(hua)葶2-5,較粗壯,高10-20厘米(mi)(mi),有(you)時帶紫(zi)紅色(se)(se),無(wu)(wu)毛;頭(tou)狀(zhuang)花(hua)序直徑25-30毫(hao)米(mi)(mi);總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)寬(kuan)鐘(zhong)狀(zhuang),長14-20毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)(pian)先(xian)(xian)端(duan)漸尖(jian)、無(wu)(wu)角(jiao);外(wai)層(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)(pian)淡(dan)綠色(se)(se),卵狀(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)至披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing),長6-8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),花(hua)時反卷,具(ju)極窄的膜(mo)質邊緣,等寬(kuan)或寬(kuan)于內層(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)(pian);內層(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)(pian)綠色(se)(se),長為外(wai)層(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)(pian)的2倍;舌(she)狀(zhuang)花(hua)紫(zi)紅色(se)(se),喉部(bu)及舌(she)片(pian)(pian)下部(bu)的背面有(you)少量短毛,舌(she)片(pian)(pian)長8-13毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)1-1.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),基(ji)部(bu)筒長2.5-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),柱頭(tou)黃褐色(se)(se)。瘦果淡(dan)黃褐色(se)(se),長約(yue)3-3.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),中部(bu)以上被小刺,以下具(ju)少量小瘤(liu)狀(zhuang)突起或無(wu)(wu)瘤(liu),喙基(ji)長約(yue)0.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),喙長6-8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi);冠(guan)毛白(bai)色(se)(se),長6-7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。