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原理簡介

質量互變規律

唯物(wu)(wu)(wu)辯(bian)證法(fa)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本規律(lv)(lv)。又(you)稱量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)規律(lv)(lv)。這一(yi)規律(lv)(lv)表明，事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)發展變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)存在兩(liang)種(zhong)基(ji)(ji)本形(xing)(xing)式，即量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)和質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，前(qian)者(zhe)表現為事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)及其特(te)性(xing)(xing)在數量(liang)(liang)(liang)上的(de)(de)增加或減少，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)連續的(de)(de)、不(bu)顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，后(hou)者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)根本性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)漸(jian)進過(guo)程的(de)(de)中(zhong)斷，是(shi)(shi)(shi)由一(yi)種(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)態向另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)態的(de)(de)突變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。在事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)矛盾的(de)(de)作用下，事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)發展從量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)開(kai)始，當量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)達到(dao)一(yi)定的(de)(de)界限時(shi)，量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)就轉(zhuan)化(hua)為質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發生了(le)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，舊(jiu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)就變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)成了(le)新質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。這是(shi)(shi)(shi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)向質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)化(hua)。在新質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎上又(you)開(kai)始了(le)新的(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。這是(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)向量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)化(hua)。量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)引起質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)又(you)引起新的(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，循環往復以至無(wu)窮，構成了(le)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)限發展的(de)(de)過(guo)程。量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)和質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)發展變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)兩(liang)種(zhong)基(ji)(ji)本形(xing)(xing)式，二者(zhe)既有(you)區別(bie)又(you)有(you)聯系，在事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)發展過(guo)程中(zhong)，它們是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)互(hu)依(yi)存、相(xiang)互(hu)滲透的(de)(de)。量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)中(zhong)有(you)階段(duan)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)和局部(bu)(bu)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)中(zhong)有(you)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)擴張。

質、量、度

1.質是指事(shi)物(wu)(wu)成為它自(zi)身并區(qu)別(bie)于另一(yi)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)的內在規定(ding)性。

世界上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之所以千(qian)差萬(wan)別，就是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)它們各有(you)(you)(you)(you)自(zi)己特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)由事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)內(nei)部矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)客觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)是(shi)(shi)直接(jie)統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又(you)是(shi)(shi)多(duo)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。例如，一(yi)個人既有(you)(you)(you)(you)自(zi)然屬(shu)(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，也有(you)(you)(you)(you)社會屬(shu)(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)思維屬(shu)(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，等等，事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通過(guo)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表現出來。事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表現，人們正是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)認識事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)去(qu)認識事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中，有(you)(you)(you)(you)本質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和非本質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區別。本質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)無，直接(jie)決定著事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)非本質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消失(shi)，則不(bu)影響事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)。

質(zhi)(zhi)和事(shi)(shi)物(wu)的(de)(de)存在是(shi)直接統一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)。這包(bao)含兩(liang)方面的(de)(de)含義：其(qi)一(yi)(yi)，事(shi)(shi)物(wu)總是(shi)具有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)物(wu)，不具有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)物(wu)是(shi)不存在的(de)(de)。其(qi)二，質(zhi)(zhi)總是(shi)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)事(shi)(shi)物(wu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)，脫離了一(yi)(yi)定(ding)事(shi)(shi)物(wu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)也是(shi)不存在的(de)(de)。事(shi)(shi)物(wu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)規(gui)律性(xing)是(shi)多樣的(de)(de)。質(zhi)(zhi)和屬性(xing)不可分(fen)。質(zhi)(zhi)通過(guo)屬性(xing)表現(xian)出(chu)來；屬性(xing)則是(shi)一(yi)(yi)物(wu)與他物(wu)在相互聯系中表現(xian)出(chu)來的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)。

2.量是事物的(de)規(gui)(gui)模、程(cheng)度(du)、速度(du)以及構成要素在空間上的(de)排列組合等(deng)可以用數量表示的(de)規(gui)(gui)定性(xing)。

物體的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小、運動的(de)(de)(de)(de)快慢、分子的(de)(de)(de)(de)多少和(he)排列(lie)順序、生產力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平和(he)速度等等，這些都是事(shi)物量的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定性及其表現。事(shi)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定性也是事(shi)物本身所固(gu)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，是客(ke)觀存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)，同事(shi)物不(bu)可分離。

理解事(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)性，要注意兩點：第一(yi)，量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)性和(he)事(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)不是直接統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)性與(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)是直接統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，某一(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)失去了自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)，該事(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)就變成了他事(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)。量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)性則不同(tong)(tong)(tong)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)可(ke)以有不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍內，量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增減(jian)并不影(ying)響事(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)。第二，量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)性是多方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有內涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)外延的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、精確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)模(mo)糊(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、要素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)等。內涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度，如溫(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低，顏(yan)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深淺、硬度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小。外延的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)標志質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規模(mo)，如物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、體積、重量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。質(zhi)把不同(tong)(tong)(tong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)區別(bie)開來，量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)則進一(yi)步把同(tong)(tong)(tong)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)從(cong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上區別(bie)開來，同(tong)(tong)(tong)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)可(ke)以有不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。

在對事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識中(zhong)(zhong)，認(ren)識質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)基礎(chu)、是(shi)(shi)(shi)前提(ti)，由質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進到量(liang)(liang)(liang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)對事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)認(ren)識的(de)(de)(de)深化和(he)精(jing)確化。在科(ke)學研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)，確定(ding)(ding)(ding)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)及其結構、性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，叫作(zuo)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)研(yan)究(jiu)；對事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)進行(xing)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)析、計算和(he)測定(ding)(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)研(yan)究(jiu)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)，確定(ding)(ding)(ding)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)“是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么”，才能把它(ta)從千差(cha)萬別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)區別(bie)出來；定(ding)(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)確化，把定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)(liang)結合起來是(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)學研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要任務。

3.度(du)是(shi)事物質和量(liang)的統一，是(shi)事物保持(chi)自己質的數量(liang)界限、范圍(wei)或幅度(du)。

事(shi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)度(du)的(de)(de)兩(liang)端的(de)(de)界(jie)限(xian)叫作關節(jie)點或臨界(jie)點。關節(jie)點是(shi)一定質(zhi)的(de)(de)事(shi)物(wu)(wu)所(suo)能容納(na)的(de)(de)量的(de)(de)活(huo)動范圍的(de)(de)最(zui)高界(jie)限(xian)和最(zui)低界(jie)限(xian)。事(shi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)量在度(du)的(de)(de)范圍內變(bian)(bian)化(hua)，事(shi)物(wu)(wu)不會發生(sheng)質(zhi)變(bian)(bian)，量變(bian)(bian)超出(chu)度(du)的(de)(de)范圍，事(shi)物(wu)(wu)就會發生(sheng)質(zhi)變(bian)(bian)。

度的極(ji)限(xian)叫關節點，超出(chu)關節點，事物就形(xing)成了新的質，量統一體(ti)，成為另一事物。

辯證關系

量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)是質(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)必要準備，質(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)是量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)必然結(jie)果；質(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)和量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)是相互滲透、相互依存、相互貫通的(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)總的(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)過程中(zhong)有(you)階(jie)段(duan)性(xing)和局(ju)部性(xing)的(de)(de)部分(fen)質(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)，在(zai)(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)過程中(zhong)也(ye)有(you)舊質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上的(de)(de)收(shou)縮和新(xin)(xin)質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上的(de)(de)擴張。量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)引起質(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)，在(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)基礎上，事(shi)物又開(kai)始新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)(bian)，如(ru)此交(jiao)替循環(huan)，形成事(shi)物質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)互變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)規律(lv)性(xing)。質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)互變(bian)(bian)規律(lv)體現了事(shi)物漸(jian)進性(xing)和飛躍性(xing)的(de)(de)統一。

意義

質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)互(hu)變規律方法論意義在(zai)(zai)(zai)于：第(di)一，在(zai)(zai)(zai)認識和(he)處(chu)理(li)問題上要把(ba)握適度的原(yuan)則；第(di)二，注意在(zai)(zai)(zai)理(li)論上正確(que)處(chu)理(li)量(liang)(liang)變和(he)質(zhi)變的關系；第(di)三，注意把(ba)握質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)互(hu)變規律在(zai)(zai)(zai)實際工作中的指(zhi)導意義；第(di)四，結合我國現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)建設實際，處(chu)理(li)好經濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展中各種質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)關系，為社(she)會(hui)服務。

理論發展

在古代(dai)，一些思(si)想家已經注意到了(le)量變(bian)引起質(zhi)變(bian)的(de)現象。《老子》提(ti)出“合抱之(zhi)木，生(sheng)于(yu)毫末；九(jiu)層之(zhi)臺，起于(yu)累土(tu)”。《戰(zhan)國(guo)策》中說“積羽(yu)沉舟(zhou)，群輕(qing)折軸”等，包含著量變(bian)引起質(zhi)變(bian)的(de)思(si)想。古希臘(la)哲學(xue)(xue)(xue)提(ti)出了(le)某(mou)種元素(su)的(de)“凝聚(ju)化”和“稀薄化”導致形成不同質(zhi)的(de)事物的(de)思(si)想，在“谷堆論證”“禿頭論證”中討論了(le)量變(bian)與質(zhi)變(bian)的(de)關系。近(jin)代(dai)德國(guo)哲學(xue)(xue)(xue)家黑格爾第一次以唯心主義(yi)的(de)形式(shi)系統地(di)闡述了(le)質(zhi)量互變(bian)規律(lv)。馬(ma)克思(si)、恩格斯在概括大量自然科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)成果的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，批判地(di)繼(ji)承(cheng)了(le)黑格爾唯心辯證法中的(de)合理因(yin)素(su)，對于(yu)質(zhi)量互變(bian)規律(lv)進(jin)行了(le)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)闡釋。

應用實例

質量互變規律對于人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)認(ren)識和(he)實踐活動具(ju)有重要(yao)的(de)指導意(yi)義，它要(yao)求人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)要(yao)重視(shi)量的(de)積累(lei)，注意(yi)事(shi)物(wu)細小的(de)變化(hua)(hua)，不可(ke)揠(ya)苗助(zhu)長急于求成(cheng)，對于消極因素，要(yao)防(fang)微杜漸；同(tong)時又要(yao)根據事(shi)物(wu)的(de)發展進程，不失時機地(di)促使事(shi)物(wu)由量變到質變的(de)轉化(hua)(hua)。

質量互(hu)變規律體現了事物(wu)發(fa)展的漸進性(xing)(xing)與飛躍性(xing)(xing)的統一。