金(jin)山(shan)蟠(pan)桃(tao)(tao)(tao),指(zhi)產(chan)于(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)市金(jin)山(shan)區(qu)境(jing)內的蟠(pan)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)。該區(qu)為(wei)(wei)蟠(pan)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的傳統產(chan)區(qu)和適生區(qu),所產(chan)蟠(pan)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)具有“甜、大、糯、香”的品(pin)質特(te)征。其中(zhong)“皇母”蟠(pan)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)被稱為(wei)(wei)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)中(zhong)之王,其特(te)點為(wei)(wei)果大、核小(xiao)、肉質細膩,更以其甜中(zhong)帶鮮(xian)而享有“仙果”美譽。金(jin)山(shan)區(qu)“皇母”蟠(pan)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)基地(di)入選上(shang)海(hai)(hai)首(shou)批“迎世(shi)博優質特(te)供果品(pin)基地(di)”,金(jin)山(shan)呂(lv)巷蟠(pan)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)被上(shang)海(hai)(hai)市有關部門確定為(wei)(wei)“世(shi)博會首(shou)批果品(pin)供應基地(di)”。為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)地(di)理標志保護產(chan)品(pin)。
金(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)蟠桃(tao)是(shi)具有地(di)方(fang)特色(se)(se)的傳統水(shui)果(guo),為上(shang)海(hai)市金(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)所特有,是(shi)上(shang)海(hai)地(di)區(qu)乃(nai)至全(quan)中國享有盛名(ming)的特色(se)(se)產品(pin)(pin)。1751年(nian)(清乾(qian)隆(long)十六年(nian))《金(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣志(zhi)》記載“桃(tao)形扁似盒(he),無毛而色(se)(se)紅”(民間稱蟠桃(tao)),據(ju)此推斷金(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)蟠桃(tao)種植(zhi)歷史在18世(shi)紀(ji)以(yi)前。經過金(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)桃(tao)農(nong)和(he)科技(ji)工作者長期精心培育、選種,通(tong)過品(pin)(pin)種改良,好中選優,既保(bao)持特色(se)(se),又發揮優勢,通(tong)過對蟠桃(tao)進行疏花(hua)、疏果(guo)、整枝,采用(yong)生物防治、套袋技(ji)術等種植(zhi)技(ji)術,結合金(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)所擁有的特定地(di)理環境條(tiao)件(jian),逐漸(jian)培育出了以(yi)玉露蟠桃(tao)為主的具有高商品(pin)(pin)價值和(he)地(di)方(fang)特色(se)(se)的金(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)蟠桃(tao),形成(cheng)金(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)蟠桃(tao)“甜(tian)、大、糯、香”的品(pin)(pin)質特征。
氣候(hou)條(tiao)(tiao)件方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),金山區(qu)(qu)(qu)位于北亞(ya)熱帶,屬(shu)季(ji)風氣候(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu),受(shou)冬(dong)(dong)夏季(ji)風交替(ti)影(ying)響,四(si)季(ji)分明(ming),春(chun)秋短(duan)而冬(dong)(dong)夏長。降(jiang)水(shui)充沛(pei),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)較(jiao)多(duo),無(wu)霜期(qi)(qi)較(jiao)長,宜于農作物生(sheng)長。年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫15.7℃。區(qu)(qu)(qu)境東南瀕杭州灣,受(shou)海(hai)洋影(ying)響,與(yu)西(xi)北部在(zai)熱量(liang)(liang)條(tiao)(tiao)件上(shang)略(lve)有(you)差(cha)異(yi):溫差(cha)較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao),冬(dong)(dong)暖(nuan)夏涼;但總(zong)體(ti)來說,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)溫度相(xiang)差(cha)不(bu)(bu)大,對熱量(liang)(liang)分布影(ying)響不(bu)(bu)大。降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)寡(gua)隨季(ji)節(jie)變化明(ming)顯,冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)干燥(zao)少雨,夏季(ji)暖(nuan)濕(shi)多(duo)雨。降(jiang)水(shui)主(zhu)要(yao)集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)春(chun)、夏、秋三個季(ji)節(jie)。3~9月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)占全(quan)(quan)年總(zong)雨量(liang)(liang)的八成左(zuo)右,且各(ge)(ge)月雨量(liang)(liang)多(duo)在(zai)100毫(hao)米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)年降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)1175.7毫(hao)米(mi),年降(jiang)水(shui)日(ri)(ri)數(shu)133.3天。初(chu)霜期(qi)(qi)在(zai)11月下旬(xun),終霜期(qi)(qi)在(zai)4月上(shang)旬(xun),全(quan)(quan)年無(wu)霜期(qi)(qi)約(yue)230天,年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)約(yue)2000小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi),5-9月為汛期(qi)(qi),汛期(qi)(qi)降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)約(yue)占全(quan)(quan)年的60%。土(tu)壤方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),金山區(qu)(qu)(qu)處于太(tai)湖流域(yu)蝶型洼地(di)(di)的南部,地(di)(di)勢低(di)平(ping)(ping),地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)高程大部分3.6-4.5米(mi),金山耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)的土(tu)體(ti)原(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)以(yi)湖泊沉(chen)積(ji)、河(he)湖交互沉(chen)積(ji)、江海(hai)交互沉(chen)積(ji)和(he)江河(he)沖擊四(si)種母質(zhi)為基(ji)(ji)礎,經過自然潛育(yu)與(yu)長期(qi)(qi)耕(geng)(geng)作而形(xing)成的水(shui)稻土(tu),共分為3個亞(ya)類(lei),12個土(tu)屬(shu),27個土(tu)種,其中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)青(qing)黃(huang)(huang)泥(ni)、黃(huang)(huang)斑青(qing)紫(zi)泥(ni)、青(qing)紫(zi)泥(ni)、青(qing)黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)和(he)黃(huang)(huang)泥(ni)頭(tou)5個土(tu)種為主(zhu),占耕(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的79.12%。金山土(tu)壤的基(ji)(ji)本特點是:高度熟(shu)化,有(you)機質(zhi)和(he)全(quan)(quan)氮含量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)高,部份缺(que)磷,質(zhi)地(di)(di)偏(pian)重,地(di)(di)下水(shui)位偏(pian)高。各(ge)(ge)類(lei)土(tu)壤的酸堿度(pH值)在(zai)6.68-6.74之間。水(shui)利條(tiao)(tiao)件方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),金山區(qu)(qu)(qu)河(he)網水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)為黃(huang)(huang)浦江上(shang)游支流水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi),境內河(he)流眾多(duo),水(shui)網密布。境內有(you)3米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)(含3米(mi))水(shui)閘370座(zuo),其中(zhong)(zhong)單閘289座(zuo),套閘81座(zuo),3米(mi)以(yi)下水(shui)閘204座(zuo)。灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)泵站(zhan)813座(zuo),有(you)效灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)35.82萬畝。綜(zong)合評價,金山區(qu)(qu)(qu)是桃、葡(pu)萄等水(shui)果的適生(sheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)。
金山蟠桃(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)區以呂巷(xiang)鎮為(wei)(wei)主,該鎮蟠桃(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植始于20世(shi)紀(ji)70-80年代,到(dao)21世(shi)紀(ji)初種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)近(jin)10000畝,是全中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)最大的蟠桃(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植基地。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)王的“皇(huang)母(mu)”蟠桃(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)達5000畝。該鎮十分重視蟠桃(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)業的發展,認真實施種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植基地規模(mo)化(hua)、產(chan)品品牌化(hua)、都(dou)市農(nong)業休閑化(hua)發展戰略,特別(bie)是2002年蟠桃(tao)(tao)(tao)注冊為(wei)(wei)“皇(huang)母(mu)牌”商標(biao),2005年成(cheng)立皇(huang)母(mu)蟠桃(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植專業合作社(she)以后,使(shi)蟠桃(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)業得到(dao)了迅速發展,蟠桃(tao)(tao)(tao)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)業增效(xiao)、農(nong)民增收(shou)的“搖(yao)錢樹”。到(dao)2010年,已有果農(nong)250戶(hu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)30畝以上規模(mo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植基地31戶(hu)。
金山蟠桃產(chan)地范(fan)圍為上(shang)海市金山區呂巷鎮,廊下鎮光明村(cun)(cun)、南(nan)塘村(cun)(cun),金山衛鎮塔港(gang)村(cun)(cun)、星火(huo)村(cun)(cun)、橫召村(cun)(cun),張(zhang)堰(yan)鎮秦(qin)望村(cun)(cun),朱涇鎮五龍村(cun)(cun)、慧農(nong)村(cun)(cun),亭(ting)林鎮周柵村(cun)(cun)、后崗村(cun)(cun)、駁岸村(cun)(cun)所轄行政區域。