《花(hua)(hua)田錯(cuo)》是京劇,故事緣(yuan)于《水滸(hu)傳(chuan)》,花(hua)(hua)田本意種(zhong)花(hua)(hua)的農(nong)田,花(hua)(hua)田錯(cuo)是發生在種(zhong)花(hua)(hua)小鎮,花(hua)(hua)田祭上的一系(xi)列陰差陽錯(cuo)的故事。
花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)錯在原先(xian)的傳(chuan)統(tong)演(yan)法中故事并不完整,只到(dao)周(zhou)通(tong)搶親為(wei)止;1912年(nian),荀(xun)派代表人物荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)先(xian)生(sheng)改(gai)編(bian)創作(zuo)加上后(hou)(hou)(hou)半部并搬上京劇(ju)舞(wu)(wu)臺(tai)。荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng):幼年(nian)學梆子時(shi)的開蒙戲(xi),一為(wei)《辛安驛(yi)》,一為(wei)《花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)錯》。這(zhe)兩個戲(xi)均經荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)的太老(lao)師侯俊山先(xian)生(sheng)(老(lao)十(shi)三(san)旦(dan))親自指點。《花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)錯》的傳(chuan)統(tong)演(yan)法自花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)訪婿起至周(zhou)通(tong)搶親止,故事是不完整的。荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)改(gai)演(yan)京劇(ju)后(hou)(hou)(hou),依(yi)據《水(shui)滸》中“小霸王醉臥銷金帳,莽提(ti)(ti)轄大鬧(nao)桃花(hua)(hua)村”一回增益首尾(wei),將它(ta)搬上京劇(ju)舞(wu)(wu)臺(tai)。1919年(nian)與(yu)(yu)楊小樓、譚小培、尚小云三(san)位(wei)先(xian)生(sheng)由京到(dao)滬(hu)(上海觀(guan)眾(zhong)稱為(wei)“三(san)小一白(bai)”,因(yin)當時(shi)荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)仍用“白(bai)牡(mu)丹(dan)”藝名),在老(lao)天蟾舞(wu)(wu)臺(tai)演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)即以(yi)此戲(xi)打(da)炮,自飾春(chun)蘭,演(yan)卞璣者為(wei)李桂芳。演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),甚受觀(guan)眾(zhong)歡迎,此后(hou)(hou)(hou)數十(shi)年(nian)屢(lv)演(yan)不衰,被稱為(wei)荀(xun)派代表作(zuo)之一。本片根據同名京劇(ju)改(gai)編(bian),源(yuan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)「水(shui)滸傳(chuan)」,胡金銓編(bian)劇(ju)。值得(de)一提(ti)(ti)的是,擅演(yan)悲劇(ju)的樂蒂(di)首次以(yi)俏皮方式演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)丫頭一角。故事始于才子(喬莊)落拓花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian),賣畫維生(sheng),與(yu)(yu)官(guan)家小姐(jie)(丁寧)一見鍾情,卻因(yin)惡(e)霸(朱牧)介入而波折重(zhong)重(zhong),鬧(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)連篇笑話(hua)……。
春蘭:花(hua)旦(dan)||卞(bian)璣:小(xiao)生||劉玉(yu)燕:旦(dan)||劉德(de)明:老(lao)(lao)生||安(an)人:老(lao)(lao)旦(dan)||李忠:老(lao)(lao)生||周玉(yu)樓(lou):旦(dan)||周通:凈(jing)||朱仝:老(lao)(lao)生||雷橫:凈(jing)||魯(lu)達:凈(jing)||店(dian)東:丑
《花田錯》的(de)(de)(de)最初改編本,其(qi)中卞璣(ji)先與劉玉(yu)燕訂親,周(zhou)通誤將其(qi)搶至家(jia)中后,又與周(zhou)妹玉(yu)樓私(si)訂終身,而丫(ya)鬟春蘭也(ye)暗有向往之意(yi),故戲(xi)終時(shi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了(le)一(yi)夫(fu)多妻的(de)(de)(de)場面。解(jie)放后,荀慧生以為這樣結(jie)局,殊(shu)不(bu)可取(qu),遂在演(yan)出(chu)(chu)時(shi)作了(le)改動。至1959年又重新審訂加工,刪(shan)除其(qi)中不(bu)妥的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)節,并把結(jie)尾大團(tuan)圓收(shou)場,更作喜劇(ju)夸張,給春蘭增加一(yi)段輕松(song)愉快的(de)(de)(de)唱工,并配(pei)合活(huo)躍、流(liu)動的(de)(de)(de)舞蹈身段,從(cong)而越加烘托出(chu)(chu)喜劇(ju)的(de)(de)(de)歡樂氣氛。
(解放后(hou)改編(bian)版)
宋時,桃花(hua)村(cun)(cun)富戶劉德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming),有女(nv)玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan),及笄未嫁。時值花(hua)田盛會,劉德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)命丫鬟春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)陪同(tong)劉玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)前往游(you)賞,暗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)訪(fang)求佳婿。襄(xiang)陽舉人(ren)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji),上京趕考(kao),途中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因資(zi)斧(fu)拮據,乃于(yu)花(hua)田會上設攤賣畫。春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)見卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)才貌不凡,回(hui)(hui)家稟知劉德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming),劉德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)因命家人(ren)往請,不想誤將小霸王周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)請來(lai)(lai)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)限令(ling)三日(ri)之(zhi)內,須將劉玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)送(song)與(yu)(yu)成親。春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)設計(ji)(ji),使卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)男(nan)扮女(nv)裝(zhuang)與(yu)(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)相會。兩人(ren)正(zheng)在(zai)定情(qing)之(zhi)際,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)突來(lai)(lai)搶(qiang)親,竟(jing)誤將卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)搶(qiang)去。旋周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)因劫奪(duo)生辰綱(gang)之(zhi)事涉嫌,被(bei)傳至(zhi)公堂;周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)妹玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)發覺卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)喬裝(zhuang),詢明(ming)(ming)(ming)真(zhen)相以(yi)后(hou)(hou),遂將卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)釋(shi)放(fang),并贈銀以(yi)為赴考(kao)資(zi)斧(fu)。劉德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)因女(nv)被(bei)搶(qiang),赴衙告(gao)狀(zhuang),隨同(tong)都頭雷橫去周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)寓,但又將周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)搶(qiang)回(hui)(hui)。此時,春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)誤以(yi)搶(qiang)回(hui)(hui)者為卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji),乃向(xiang)劉德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)前次被(bei)搶(qiang)者實為卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji),竟(jing)令(ling)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)改(gai)換男(nan)裝(zhuang)與(yu)(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)成親。花(hua)燭(zhu)之(zhi)夜(ye),周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)訴述事實原委,春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)恐日(ri)后(hou)(hou)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)復來(lai)(lai)糾纏,仍留(liu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)住在(zai)莊(zhuang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)應付其兄(xiong)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)被(bei)釋(shi)以(yi)后(hou)(hou),果然通(tong)(tong)知劉德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming),當晚進(jin)莊(zhuang)成親。劉德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)正(zheng)彷徨無計(ji)(ji),適魯達(da)(da)前來(lai)(lai)投宿(su),聞知大怒(nu),假扮新娘(niang),隱于(yu)帳(zhang)內,迨晚,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)至(zhi),被(bei)魯達(da)(da)痛打(da),逃跑(pao)。魯達(da)(da)追(zhui)至(zhi)途中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),巧(qiao)遇(yu)打(da)虎將李忠,從中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)勸解,并令(ling)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)回(hui)(hui)莊(zhuang)向(xiang)劉德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)請罪。時卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)已中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)狀(zhuang)元,也至(zhi)桃花(hua)村(cun)(cun)。眾(zhong)人(ren)相見,真(zhen)相大白。最后(hou)(hou),卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)與(yu)(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)完(wan)姻,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)則在(zai)春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)撮合下,與(yu)(yu)李忠成為夫婦。
Ps:關(guan)于桃花村的地(di)理位置(zhi):
原始本(ben)(ben)中并未提及(ji),而(er)在解放后的(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)編(bian)本(ben)(ben)中出現了地點雁門(men)關(guan)紫陽(yang)鎮桃花村,不合邏輯(ji)(湖北襄陽(yang)的(de)(de)舉子(zi)去河南開封(feng)考(kao)試路過山西雁門(men)關(guan)……),多半當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)改(gai)(gai)編(bian)者想當(dang)(dang)然的(de)(de)將京城當(dang)(dang)成了北京;其時(shi)(shi)北京屬遼(liao)地,雁門(men)關(guan)是真正的(de)(de)邊境(jing)。
《花(hua)田錯》的(de)意思(si)
1.《花田錯》是京劇(ju),故事(shi)緣于(yu)《水滸傳》。
2.花田=種花的農田,花田錯=發生(sheng)在種花小鎮,花田祭上(shang)的錯誤故事。
花田盛會,熱鬧滾(gun)滾(gun);古靈精怪的丫頭春(chun)蘭,陪著劉家(jia)小(xiao)姐月(yue)英上街(jie),打算(suan)依照本地(di)習(xi)俗,讓小(xiao)姐在街(jie)上挑選乘(cheng)龍快婿(xu)。月(yue)英小(xiao)姐看(kan)中了在路(lu)旁賣字畫(hua)的白面書生卞機,主仆二人(ren)決議返家(jia)向母親稟明一切(qie),眼(yan)看(kan)著一切(qie)將(jiang)要如此幸福美滿,誰料到(dao)糊(hu)涂(tu)管(guan)家(jia)上街(jie)請(qing)婿(xu),陰錯陽差竟(jing)然錯請(qing)到(dao)了小(xiao)霸王周通……