《花(hua)(hua)(hua)田錯》是京劇,故事緣于《水滸傳(chuan)》,花(hua)(hua)(hua)田本意種花(hua)(hua)(hua)的農田,花(hua)(hua)(hua)田錯是發生(sheng)在種花(hua)(hua)(hua)小鎮,花(hua)(hua)(hua)田祭上的一系(xi)列(lie)陰差陽(yang)錯的故事。
花田(tian)(tian)(tian)錯(cuo)在原(yuan)先的(de)傳(chuan)統演(yan)法中(zhong)故事(shi)并(bing)不完整,只(zhi)到(dao)周(zhou)通(tong)搶親(qin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)止(zhi);1912年,荀派代表人物(wu)荀慧(hui)生(sheng)先生(sheng)改(gai)編(bian)創(chuang)作加(jia)上(shang)(shang)后(hou)半部并(bing)搬上(shang)(shang)京劇舞(wu)臺(tai)。荀慧(hui)生(sheng):幼年學(xue)梆子時(shi)(shi)的(de)開(kai)蒙戲,一(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《辛安驛(yi)》,一(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《花田(tian)(tian)(tian)錯(cuo)》。這兩個戲均經荀慧(hui)生(sheng)的(de)太老師侯俊山先生(sheng)(老十三旦(dan))親(qin)自指點。《花田(tian)(tian)(tian)錯(cuo)》的(de)傳(chuan)統演(yan)法自花田(tian)(tian)(tian)訪婿起至周(zhou)通(tong)搶親(qin)止(zhi),故事(shi)是不完整的(de)。荀慧(hui)生(sheng)改(gai)演(yan)京劇后(hou),依據《水(shui)滸》中(zhong)“小(xiao)霸(ba)王(wang)醉臥銷金帳,莽提轄(xia)大鬧桃花村”一(yi)(yi)回增益首尾,將它搬上(shang)(shang)京劇舞(wu)臺(tai)。1919年與楊小(xiao)樓(lou)、譚小(xiao)培、尚小(xiao)云三位先生(sheng)由京到(dao)滬(上(shang)(shang)海觀眾稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“三小(xiao)一(yi)(yi)白”,因當時(shi)(shi)荀慧(hui)生(sheng)仍用“白牡丹”藝名),在老天(tian)蟾舞(wu)臺(tai)演(yan)出(chu),荀慧(hui)生(sheng)即以(yi)此戲打(da)炮,自飾春蘭(lan),演(yan)卞(bian)璣者為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)李桂(gui)芳。演(yan)出(chu)后(hou),甚受觀眾歡迎,此后(hou)數十年屢演(yan)不衰,被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)荀派代表作之一(yi)(yi)。本片(pian)根據同名京劇改(gai)編(bian),源出(chu)「水(shui)滸傳(chuan)」,胡金銓編(bian)劇。值得一(yi)(yi)提的(de)是,擅演(yan)悲(bei)劇的(de)樂蒂首次以(yi)俏皮方式演(yan)出(chu)丫頭一(yi)(yi)角。故事(shi)始于(yu)才(cai)子(喬莊)落拓花田(tian)(tian)(tian),賣畫維生(sheng),與官(guan)家小(xiao)姐(丁寧)一(yi)(yi)見(jian)鍾情,卻因惡霸(ba)(朱牧)介入而波折(zhe)重(zhong)重(zhong),鬧出(chu)連篇(pian)笑話……。
春蘭(lan):花(hua)旦||卞璣:小生(sheng)||劉玉(yu)燕:旦||劉德明:老(lao)(lao)(lao)生(sheng)||安人:老(lao)(lao)(lao)旦||李忠:老(lao)(lao)(lao)生(sheng)||周玉(yu)樓(lou):旦||周通:凈(jing)||朱仝:老(lao)(lao)(lao)生(sheng)||雷橫:凈(jing)||魯達(da):凈(jing)||店東:丑
《花田(tian)錯》的(de)(de)最初(chu)改(gai)編本(ben),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)卞璣(ji)先與劉玉燕訂(ding)親,周通誤將其(qi)搶至家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)后(hou),又(you)與周妹玉樓私訂(ding)終(zhong)身,而丫鬟春蘭(lan)(lan)也暗有向往之意,故戲終(zhong)時出現了(le)一夫多妻的(de)(de)場面。解(jie)放后(hou),荀慧生以為(wei)這(zhe)樣結(jie)局,殊不可取,遂在演出時作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)改(gai)動(dong)。至1959年又(you)重新審(shen)訂(ding)加工,刪除其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)不妥的(de)(de)細節,并把結(jie)尾(wei)大團(tuan)圓收場,更作(zuo)(zuo)喜(xi)劇(ju)夸張,給春蘭(lan)(lan)增加一段(duan)輕松愉快的(de)(de)唱(chang)工,并配(pei)合(he)活躍、流動(dong)的(de)(de)舞蹈身段(duan),從而越加烘托出喜(xi)劇(ju)的(de)(de)歡樂(le)氣(qi)氛。
(解(jie)放(fang)后改編版)
宋時(shi),桃花村(cun)富戶劉(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming),有女玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan),及笄未(wei)嫁。時(shi)值花田盛會(hui)(hui),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)命丫鬟(huan)春蘭(lan)(lan)陪同劉(liu)(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)前往游賞(shang),暗(an)中(zhong)訪求(qiu)佳婿。襄(xiang)陽舉人(ren)卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣,上(shang)京趕考,途(tu)中(zhong)因(yin)(yin)資斧(fu)拮據,乃于(yu)花田會(hui)(hui)上(shang)設攤賣畫(hua)。春蘭(lan)(lan)見卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣才貌(mao)不凡,回家(jia)(jia)稟知劉(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)因(yin)(yin)命家(jia)(jia)人(ren)往請,不想誤將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)小霸王周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)請來。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)限令三日(ri)之(zhi)內(nei),須將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)送與成(cheng)(cheng)親。春蘭(lan)(lan)設計,使卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣男扮女裝與劉(liu)(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)相會(hui)(hui)。兩人(ren)正(zheng)在定情之(zhi)際,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)突來搶親,竟(jing)誤將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣搶去(qu)(qu)。旋周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)因(yin)(yin)劫(jie)奪生(sheng)辰綱(gang)之(zhi)事(shi)涉嫌,被傳至公(gong)堂(tang);周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)妹玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)發覺卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣喬裝,詢(xun)明(ming)(ming)真(zhen)相以(yi)(yi)后(hou),遂(sui)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣釋放,并贈銀(yin)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)赴考資斧(fu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)因(yin)(yin)女被搶,赴衙告狀(zhuang),隨(sui)同都頭雷橫去(qu)(qu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)寓(yu),但又將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)搶回。此時(shi),春蘭(lan)(lan)誤以(yi)(yi)搶回者為(wei)卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣,乃向劉(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)說明(ming)(ming)前次被搶者實為(wei)卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣,竟(jing)令周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)改換男裝與劉(liu)(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)親。花燭之(zhi)夜,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)訴述事(shi)實原委(wei),春蘭(lan)(lan)恐日(ri)后(hou)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)復(fu)來糾(jiu)纏,仍留周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)住在莊中(zhong),以(yi)(yi)應付其兄。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)被釋以(yi)(yi)后(hou),果然通(tong)(tong)知劉(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming),當(dang)晚進莊成(cheng)(cheng)親。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)正(zheng)彷徨無計,適魯達前來投宿,聞知大(da)怒,假(jia)扮新娘,隱于(yu)帳內(nei),迨晚,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)至,被魯達痛打,逃跑。魯達追(zhui)至途(tu)中(zhong),巧遇打虎將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)李(li)忠(zhong),從中(zhong)勸解,并令周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)回莊向劉(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)請罪。時(shi)卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣已中(zhong)狀(zhuang)元,也至桃花村(cun)。眾(zhong)人(ren)相見,真(zhen)相大(da)白。最后(hou),卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣與劉(liu)(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)完(wan)姻,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)則在春蘭(lan)(lan)撮合下,與李(li)忠(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)夫婦。
Ps:關于(yu)桃花村的地(di)理位置(zhi):
原始(shi)本中(zhong)并(bing)未提及,而在解放后(hou)的改編(bian)(bian)本中(zhong)出現了地(di)點雁門(men)關(guan)(guan)紫陽鎮桃(tao)花村,不合邏輯(湖北襄陽的舉子去(qu)河南(nan)開(kai)封考試路(lu)過(guo)山西雁門(men)關(guan)(guan)……),多(duo)半當(dang)時改編(bian)(bian)者想當(dang)然的將京城當(dang)成了北京;其時北京屬遼(liao)地(di),雁門(men)關(guan)(guan)是真正的邊(bian)境。
《花田錯(cuo)》的(de)意思
1.《花田錯》是京劇,故(gu)事緣于《水滸(hu)傳》。
2.花(hua)田(tian)=種花(hua)的農田(tian),花(hua)田(tian)錯(cuo)=發生在(zai)種花(hua)小(xiao)鎮,花(hua)田(tian)祭上的錯(cuo)誤(wu)故事。
花田盛(sheng)會,熱(re)鬧滾(gun)滾(gun);古靈(ling)精怪的(de)丫頭春(chun)蘭,陪著(zhu)劉家小(xiao)(xiao)姐(jie)月(yue)英上(shang)街(jie)(jie)(jie),打算依照本地習俗,讓小(xiao)(xiao)姐(jie)在街(jie)(jie)(jie)上(shang)挑選乘龍快婿(xu)。月(yue)英小(xiao)(xiao)姐(jie)看中了(le)在路旁(pang)賣字畫的(de)白面書生卞機(ji),主仆(pu)二人決(jue)議返家向母親稟明一(yi)(yi)切,眼看著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)切將要如此幸福美滿(man),誰料到糊(hu)涂(tu)管家上(shang)街(jie)(jie)(jie)請婿(xu),陰錯(cuo)陽差竟(jing)然錯(cuo)請到了(le)小(xiao)(xiao)霸王(wang)周通……