《花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)錯(cuo)》是(shi)京劇,故事緣于《水滸傳》,花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)本意種(zhong)花(hua)(hua)的農田(tian)(tian),花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)錯(cuo)是(shi)發生在(zai)種(zhong)花(hua)(hua)小鎮,花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)祭(ji)上的一系列陰(yin)差陽錯(cuo)的故事。
花(hua)田(tian)(tian)錯在原(yuan)先的傳(chuan)統演法中故事并(bing)不完整(zheng)(zheng),只(zhi)到周通(tong)搶(qiang)親為(wei)止;1912年,荀(xun)派(pai)代表(biao)人物荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)先生(sheng)(sheng)改(gai)編創作加上(shang)后半(ban)部并(bing)搬上(shang)京劇舞(wu)臺(tai)。荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng):幼年學梆子時的開蒙戲(xi)(xi),一(yi)為(wei)《辛(xin)安驛》,一(yi)為(wei)《花(hua)田(tian)(tian)錯》。這兩個戲(xi)(xi)均經荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)的太老師(shi)侯(hou)俊(jun)山先生(sheng)(sheng)(老十(shi)三旦)親自指(zhi)點(dian)。《花(hua)田(tian)(tian)錯》的傳(chuan)統演法自花(hua)田(tian)(tian)訪婿(xu)起至周通(tong)搶(qiang)親止,故事是(shi)不完整(zheng)(zheng)的。荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)改(gai)演京劇后,依據《水滸(hu)》中“小(xiao)(xiao)霸王醉臥(wo)銷金帳,莽提轄大鬧(nao)桃(tao)花(hua)村(cun)”一(yi)回增益首尾,將它搬上(shang)京劇舞(wu)臺(tai)。1919年與楊小(xiao)(xiao)樓、譚小(xiao)(xiao)培、尚小(xiao)(xiao)云三位先生(sheng)(sheng)由京到滬(hu)(上(shang)海(hai)觀眾稱為(wei)“三小(xiao)(xiao)一(yi)白”,因(yin)當時荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)仍用(yong)“白牡丹”藝名(ming)),在老天蟾舞(wu)臺(tai)演出,荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)即以(yi)此戲(xi)(xi)打炮,自飾春蘭,演卞璣者為(wei)李桂芳。演出后,甚受觀眾歡迎,此后數十(shi)年屢(lv)演不衰,被稱為(wei)荀(xun)派(pai)代表(biao)作之一(yi)。本(ben)片根據同(tong)名(ming)京劇改(gai)編,源出「水滸(hu)傳(chuan)」,胡金銓(quan)編劇。值(zhi)得一(yi)提的是(shi),擅演悲劇的樂蒂首次以(yi)俏皮(pi)方式演出丫頭一(yi)角。故事始于(yu)才(cai)子(喬(qiao)莊)落(luo)拓花(hua)田(tian)(tian),賣畫維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng),與官(guan)家小(xiao)(xiao)姐(丁寧)一(yi)見鍾情(qing),卻因(yin)惡霸(朱牧)介(jie)入而波折重(zhong)重(zhong),鬧(nao)出連篇笑(xiao)話……。
春蘭(lan):花旦(dan)(dan)||卞璣:小生(sheng)||劉玉燕:旦(dan)(dan)||劉德明:老生(sheng)||安(an)人(ren):老旦(dan)(dan)||李忠:老生(sheng)||周玉樓:旦(dan)(dan)||周通:凈||朱仝:老生(sheng)||雷橫(heng):凈||魯達:凈||店東:丑
《花田錯(cuo)》的(de)(de)最初改(gai)(gai)編本,其中(zhong)(zhong)卞璣(ji)先與(yu)劉(liu)玉(yu)燕訂親,周通誤(wu)將其搶至家中(zhong)(zhong)后,又與(yu)周妹玉(yu)樓私(si)訂終身(shen),而(er)丫鬟春(chun)蘭也暗有向往(wang)之意,故戲(xi)終時(shi)出(chu)(chu)現了一夫多妻的(de)(de)場面(mian)。解放后,荀慧生(sheng)以為這樣結(jie)局,殊(shu)不可(ke)取,遂(sui)在演出(chu)(chu)時(shi)作了改(gai)(gai)動。至1959年又重新審(shen)訂加工,刪(shan)除(chu)其中(zhong)(zhong)不妥的(de)(de)細節,并把(ba)結(jie)尾大團圓收(shou)場,更作喜劇(ju)夸張(zhang),給春(chun)蘭增加一段輕松愉快的(de)(de)唱(chang)工,并配(pei)合活躍、流動的(de)(de)舞蹈身(shen)段,從而(er)越加烘托(tuo)出(chu)(chu)喜劇(ju)的(de)(de)歡樂(le)氣(qi)氛。
(解(jie)放后改(gai)編版)
宋(song)時(shi),桃花村富戶劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)明(ming)(ming),有女玉(yu)(yu)燕,及笄未嫁。時(shi)值花田盛會,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)明(ming)(ming)命丫鬟春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)陪同劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)燕前往游賞,暗中(zhong)(zhong)訪(fang)求佳婿。襄(xiang)陽舉人(ren)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji),上(shang)京趕考,途中(zhong)(zhong)因資(zi)斧拮據,乃于花田會上(shang)設(she)攤賣(mai)畫(hua)。春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)見卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)才貌不(bu)凡,回(hui)(hui)家稟知劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)明(ming)(ming),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)明(ming)(ming)因命家人(ren)往請,不(bu)想誤(wu)將(jiang)(jiang)小霸王周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)請來(lai)(lai)(lai)。周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)限令(ling)三(san)日之內,須將(jiang)(jiang)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)燕送與成親。春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)設(she)計(ji),使卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)男扮女裝(zhuang)與劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)燕相會。兩人(ren)正(zheng)在(zai)定情之際,周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)突來(lai)(lai)(lai)搶親,竟誤(wu)將(jiang)(jiang)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)搶去(qu)。旋周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)因劫奪生辰(chen)綱之事涉嫌(xian),被(bei)傳至公(gong)堂;周(zhou)(zhou)妹(mei)玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)發覺卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)喬(qiao)裝(zhuang),詢明(ming)(ming)真(zhen)相以(yi)后,遂將(jiang)(jiang)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)釋(shi)放,并贈(zeng)銀以(yi)為赴考資(zi)斧。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)明(ming)(ming)因女被(bei)搶,赴衙告狀(zhuang),隨同都頭(tou)雷橫去(qu)周(zhou)(zhou)寓,但又將(jiang)(jiang)周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)搶回(hui)(hui)。此時(shi),春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)誤(wu)以(yi)搶回(hui)(hui)者為卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji),乃向(xiang)(xiang)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)明(ming)(ming)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)前次被(bei)搶者實(shi)為卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji),竟令(ling)周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)改換(huan)男裝(zhuang)與劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)燕成親。花燭之夜,周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)訴述事實(shi)原委,春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)恐日后周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)復來(lai)(lai)(lai)糾纏(chan),仍留周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)住在(zai)莊(zhuang)中(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)應付其兄。周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)被(bei)釋(shi)以(yi)后,果然通(tong)(tong)知劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)明(ming)(ming),當晚(wan)(wan)進莊(zhuang)成親。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)明(ming)(ming)正(zheng)彷(pang)徨無計(ji),適魯(lu)達前來(lai)(lai)(lai)投宿(su),聞知大怒,假扮新(xin)娘,隱于帳內,迨(dai)晚(wan)(wan),周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)至,被(bei)魯(lu)達痛打,逃跑。魯(lu)達追至途中(zhong)(zhong),巧遇(yu)打虎(hu)將(jiang)(jiang)李忠,從中(zhong)(zhong)勸(quan)解,并令(ling)周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)回(hui)(hui)莊(zhuang)向(xiang)(xiang)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)明(ming)(ming)請罪。時(shi)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)已中(zhong)(zhong)狀(zhuang)元,也至桃花村。眾人(ren)相見,真(zhen)相大白。最后,卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)與劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)燕完姻,周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)則(ze)在(zai)春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)撮合下,與李忠成為夫婦。
Ps:關于桃花村的地(di)理(li)位置(zhi):
原始本(ben)中并(bing)未(wei)提及,而在解放(fang)后(hou)的改編本(ben)中出現了(le)地點(dian)雁門(men)關紫(zi)陽(yang)鎮桃花村,不合邏輯(湖北(bei)襄(xiang)陽(yang)的舉(ju)子去河南開封(feng)考試路過山西(xi)雁門(men)關……),多半(ban)當(dang)時改編者想當(dang)然的將京城當(dang)成了(le)北(bei)京;其(qi)時北(bei)京屬(shu)遼(liao)地,雁門(men)關是真正的邊(bian)境。
《花田錯》的意思
1.《花田(tian)錯》是京劇,故事緣于《水(shui)滸傳》。
2.花田(tian)(tian)(tian)=種花的(de)農田(tian)(tian)(tian),花田(tian)(tian)(tian)錯=發生在種花小(xiao)鎮,花田(tian)(tian)(tian)祭上的(de)錯誤(wu)故事。
花(hua)田盛會,熱鬧滾滾;古(gu)靈精怪的(de)丫頭春蘭,陪著劉(liu)家小(xiao)姐月英上(shang)街(jie),打算依照(zhao)本地(di)習俗(su),讓小(xiao)姐在街(jie)上(shang)挑選(xuan)乘龍快(kuai)婿。月英小(xiao)姐看中了在路旁賣字畫(hua)的(de)白面書生卞機,主(zhu)仆二人(ren)決議(yi)返家向母(mu)親(qin)稟明一切,眼看著一切將要如此幸(xing)福美滿,誰料到糊(hu)涂(tu)管家上(shang)街(jie)請(qing)婿,陰錯陽(yang)差(cha)竟然錯請(qing)到了小(xiao)霸王(wang)周通……