明水(shui)香稻(dao),因產于濟(ji)南(nan)章丘市(shi)明水(shui)鎮而得(de)名,是(shi)山東省的著名特產之一。其粒微(wei)黃、呈半透(tou)明狀,顆粒飽(bao)滿、米質堅硬、色(se)澤透(tou)明、油(you)潤光亮(liang);米飯吃起(qi)來十分爽口,清香之氣能令人(ren)食欲大增,回味無窮,所以濟(ji)南(nan)百姓俗稱(cheng)“香米”。具有很高營養功效,是(shi)補充營養素的基礎食物。
生長環境
章丘市位于(yu)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省中(zhong)部,濟南(nan)市區(qu)(qu)東(dong)(dong)50公(gong)里(li)(li)處,南(nan)北(bei)長70公(gong)里(li)(li),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)37公(gong)里(li)(li),總面積1855平方公(gong)里(li)(li)。從地(di)貌的(de)角(jiao)度來(lai)看,章丘屬于(yu)魯西(xi)(xi)斷塊區(qu)(qu),在魯西(xi)(xi)斷塊區(qu)(qu)的(de)泰魯塊隆內(nei),古(gu)生代地(di)層由新到老出露,最老的(de)為中(zhong)上(shang)寒武系的(de)灰巖出露構成(cheng)南(nan)部小區(qu)(qu):泥盆系中(zhong)、上(shang)石灰巖系沙(sha)頁巖出露于(yu)明(ming)水(shui)(shui)附(fu)近地(di)區(qu)(qu),往北(bei)在小長白山(shan)附(fu)近則以火成(cheng)巖為主。前者易透水(shui)(shui),后者則不行,加之地(di)勢南(nan)高北(bei)低,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)自南(nan)向北(bei)匯聚,在明(ming)水(shui)(shui)附(fu)近受阻水(shui)(shui)頭出露地(di)面,行成(cheng)泉群(qun),故明(ming)水(shui)(shui)多(duo)(duo)甘泉,多(duo)(duo)水(shui)(shui)。
章丘屬暖溫(wen)帶季(ji)(ji)風區的大(da)陸性氣(qi)候(hou),四季(ji)(ji)分明,雨(yu)熱同(tong)季(ji)(ji),春季(ji)(ji)干(gan)(gan)旱多風,夏季(ji)(ji)雨(yu)量(liang)集(ji)中(zhong),秋季(ji)(ji)溫(wen)和涼爽,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)雪少干(gan)(gan)冷。年均(jun)日照(zhao)2647.6小時,平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)12.8℃,年平均(jun)降水量(liang)600.8毫米(mi),相(xiang)對(dui)濕度65%,無霜(shuang)期192天。
詳細信息
濟南(nan)(nan)章(zhang)丘明水鎮,產有一種全國(guo)馳(chi)名香稻,叫(jiao)明水香稻。《濟南(nan)(nan)府志》記有:“稻非此地常產,歷諸處稍稍有之,其美者則以章(zhang)丘明水為最。”
明水(shui)香稻用來蒸米飯(fan)、煮(zhu)(zhu)稀飯(fan)即(ji)使蓋鍋蓋,仍(reng)香氣(qi)四(si)溢(yi),民(min)間有“一株(zhu)開花幾里香,一家煮(zhu)(zhu)飯(fan)香全(quan)莊”的(de)贊譽。引(yin)
明水香稻的(de)種(zhong)植,已(yi)有2000多(duo)年(nian)的(de)歷(li)史(shi),從(cong)明朝開(kai)(kai)始就(jiu)作為貢米向皇帝進獻。明代科學家(jia)宋應(ying)星(xing)著《天(tian)工開(kai)(kai)物》中說:“香稻一種(zhong),取(qu)其芳(fang)氣(qi),以供(gong)貴人,收實甚(shen)少,滋益全天(tian),不足尚也(ye)。”
歷史上(shang)因受(shou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)(zhi),產(chan)(chan)(chan)量極低(di),成為十(shi)分珍貴的(de)(de)(de)稀物。相傳明清時(shi)代(dai),歷史上(shang)最少(shao)年(nian)份僅種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)了11畝(mu)(mu),幾近絕(jue)跡。當時(shi)主(zhu)要是受(shou)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)(zhi),代(dai)表品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)紅芒(mang)、大(da)(da)白(bai)芒(mang),一般畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)僅100公(gong)斤左右,只作(zuo)為朝(chao)廷繳納的(de)(de)(de)貢品,平(ping)民百姓無(wu)緣(yuan)品嘗。明水(shui)香(xiang)稻(dao)至四(si)十(shi)年(nian)代(dai)已(yi)瀕臨(lin)絕(jue)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。解放(fang)后國家(jia)非常重視對香(xiang)稻(dao)的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu),進行了遺(yi)傳試(shi)驗。隨著經濟的(de)(de)(de)發展,產(chan)(chan)(chan)量較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)白(bai)芒(mang)現已(yi)失傳,大(da)(da)紅芒(mang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積也(ye)逐年(nian)縮小,直到(dao)20世(shi)紀70年(nian)代(dai),章丘(qiu)農業部(bu)門在(zai)大(da)(da)紅芒(mang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),又(you)選育(yu)出“幅香(xiang)1號”、“幅香(xiang)3號”兩個新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),產(chan)(chan)(chan)量大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高,畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)達(da)(da)到(dao)了400—500公(gong)斤。明水(shui)香(xiang)稻(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積已(yi)達(da)(da)1000多畝(mu)(mu),預計總產(chan)(chan)(chan)可(ke)達(da)(da)50萬公(gong)斤。