我(wo)國(guo)進口西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)參(can)(can)已有200多年(nian)歷史,引種西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)參(can)(can)卻不足30年(nian)。上世紀80年(nian)代初,文(wen)登(deng)張家產(chan)(chan)鎮(zhen)口子李村農民王(wang)吉振率先(xian)引種西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)參(can)(can),獲得成(cheng)功(gong)后逐(zhu)漸推(tui)廣,在文(wen)登(deng)市形成(cheng)規模(mo)。目前(qian),西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)參(can)(can)種植業已經發展(zhan)到文(wen)登(deng)市十余個鎮(zhen), 文(wen)登(deng)全(quan)市2.5萬畝參(can)(can)園(yuan)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)出鮮參(can)(can)3600多噸(dun),文(wen)登(deng)也由此成(cheng)為全(quan)國(guo)兩個西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)參(can)(can)主產(chan)(chan)區之一 。 “文(wen)登(deng)西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)參(can)(can)”成(cheng)功(gong)注冊為中(zhong)國(guo)地理標志證明商標。
生產情況
目(mu)前(qian),西洋(yang)(yang)參種植業已(yi)經發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到文(wen)登區(qu)十(shi)余(yu)個鎮,據文(wen)登內貿行業的(de)文(wen)登區(qu)財貿辦統計,文(wen)登西洋(yang)(yang)參種植面積已(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到5萬畝,年產(chan)量(liang)5500噸,占全(quan)國年總產(chan)量(liang)的(de)7成。文(wen)登也(ye)由此成為全(quan)國西洋(yang)(yang)參主產(chan)區(qu)。
一.產品介紹
位于山東半島東部沿海的(de)威海文登(deng)市是(shi)我國最早(zao)引進(jin)西(xi)洋(yang)參種(zhong)植的(de)三(san)大(da)主(zhu)產區(qu)之(zhi)一,早(zao)在1964年即開展了西(xi)洋(yang)參的(de)引種(zhong),種(zhong)植。現常年種(zhong)植面積(ji)3000公頃(qing),年出圃量6000噸。文登(deng)西(xi)洋(yang)參色澤油(you)光,皮紋細膩,質(zhi)地飽滿而結實(shi)。具有增(zeng)強中樞(shu)神經系統功能,保(bao)護心血管系統,提(ti)高(gao)免(mian)疫力,促進(jin)血液(ye)活力,補(bu)肺(fei)降火、養胃生津的(de)保(bao)健作(zuo)用。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
1、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:文登市四季(ji)分明,屬(shu)暖溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.1℃,無(wu)霜期為(wei)195天(tian),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降水量(liang)823.9毫米(mi),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降水日(ri)96.2天(tian),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日(ri)照2522小(xiao)時。
2、土壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況:文登市位于膠東(dong)(dong)低山(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)的(de)東(dong)(dong)端,境內地(di)(di)(di)形復雜,丘陵(ling)(ling)起伏(fu),溝壑縱橫。平(ping)(ping)原沿河(he)谷兩岸及濱海地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)呈帶狀展布(bu)。山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)總面(mian)積19%,丘陵(ling)(ling)占(zhan)(zhan)58.4%,平(ping)(ping)原占(zhan)(zhan)22.6%。西(xi)(xi)部(bu)昆崳山(shan)(shan)脈是膠東(dong)(dong)屋脊,為西(xi)(xi)部(bu)南(nan)北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)水(shui)嶺(ling);北(bei)部(bu)有雙(shuang)角山(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)(ling)區(qu),組成(cheng)北(bei)部(bu)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)水(shui)嶺(ling);東(dong)(dong)部(bu)有刁石山(shan)(shan)、林(lin)子(zi)頂、箱子(zi)項、鳳臺頂、老驢山(shan)(shan)、清潔嶺(ling)、小莫山(shan)(shan)、鄒(zou)山(shan)(shan)、老青山(shan)(shan)等丘陵(ling)(ling),組成(cheng)東(dong)(dong)界(jie)分(fen)(fen)水(shui)嶺(ling)。全(quan)境象一簸(bo)箕(ji),口向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)、伸向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)黃海。地(di)(di)(di)形總的(de)趨勢是兩側高、中間(jian)低;北(bei)部(bu)高,南(nan)部(bu)低。因三面(mian)有分(fen)(fen)水(shui)嶺(ling),成(cheng)為單獨的(de)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)。主(zhu)要(yao)河(he)流發(fa)源于北(bei)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu),兩側山(shan)(shan)谷水(shui)系(xi)(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中間(jian)匯集(ji),因此(ci)支流較多。中間(jian)除(chu)偏北(bei)的(de)南(nan)北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)正棋山(shan)(shan)余脈外,主(zhu)要(yao)為丘陵(ling)(ling)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)。沿河(he)兩側分(fen)(fen)布(bu)著沖(chong)積平(ping)(ping)原。沿海地(di)(di)(di)帶分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有海積、沖(chong)積海積平(ping)(ping)原。海岸曲折蜿蜒,多為泥質(zhi)、砂質(zhi)巖。棕壤(rang)(rang)土是全(quan)市主(zhu)要(yao)土壤(rang)(rang)類型,分(fen)(fen)布(bu)于全(quan)市各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)。據測定該(gai)范圍內土壤(rang)(rang)有機質(zhi)含量平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為1.16%,含氮0.12%,含磷0.3%,速(su)效磷大于80mg/kg,速(su)效鉀大于120mg/kg,土壤(rang)(rang)PH值6左右,土層深厚,土質(zhi)疏松,保水(shui)保肥能力強,其中沙性土占(zhan)(zhan)86%,除(chu)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)澇、粘、洼(wa)泊地(di)(di)(di)外,80%以上的(de)山(shan)(shan)耩(jiang)泊地(di)(di)(di)均(jun)可(ke)滿足(zu)西(xi)(xi)洋(yang)參的(de)正常(chang)生長(chang)。
3、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:文(wen)登市(shi)境內有(you)西(xi)、北(bei)、東(dong)三條(tiao)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺,成為(wei)(wei)單獨的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。主要(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)4條(tiao),小(xiao)河(he)(he)36條(tiao),加上支流(liu)(liu),大(da)小(xiao)河(he)(he)道1226條(tiao),全長(chang)2147公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。其中1公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以上河(he)(he)道578條(tiao),總(zong)長(chang)1814公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。第一大(da)河(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)母豬河(he)(he),全長(chang)58公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1115.8平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)深297.4毫(hao)米(mi)。青龍河(he)(he),全長(chang)31公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)235.8平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)深273毫(hao)米(mi)。昌(chang)陽河(he)(he),全長(chang)23.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)119.2平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)深284毫(hao)米(mi)。黃壘河(he)(he),為(wei)(wei)文(wen)登與(yu)乳山(shan)的(de)界河(he)(he),界河(he)(he)段長(chang)17公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)深283毫(hao)米(mi)。全市(shi)有(you)淺海(hai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)3萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)3067公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃。已(yi)開發利用(yong)的(de)溫泉4處:城(cheng)區的(de)七里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)湯(tang)(tang)、城(cheng)南13公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)湯(tang)(tang)村(cun)湯(tang)(tang)、城(cheng)東(dong)南16公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)呼雷湯(tang)(tang)、城(cheng)西(xi)南22公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)大(da)英湯(tang)(tang),水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫39~77℃。大(da)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)米(mi)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku),總(zong)庫(ku)容2.8億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),最(zui)(zui)大(da)壩高21.1米(mi),是威海(hai)市(shi)最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源;中型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)3座,小(xiao)(一)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)20座,小(xiao)(二)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)58座,塘壩942座,總(zong)庫(ku)容達(da)4.6億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),興(xing)利庫(ku)容為(wei)(wei)1.86億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),有(you)效灌溉面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)到63萬畝。
三.地域范圍
文(wen)登(deng)(deng)市(shi)(shi)位于山(shan)東(dong)半島東(dong)部,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)依昆崳山(shan),與煙(yan)臺市(shi)(shi)牟平區(qu)和乳山(shan)市(shi)(shi)相接,北連威海(hai)市(shi)(shi)環翠區(qu),東(dong)鄰榮成市(shi)(shi),南瀕(bin)黃海(hai)。文(wen)登(deng)(deng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)洋參地理標(biao)志申請登(deng)(deng)記(ji)保護地域(yu)范圍為(wei)文(wen)登(deng)(deng)市(shi)(shi)境內北起界石鎮店子頭村(cun);東(dong)至(zhi)大水(shui)泊鎮孤(gu)石村(cun);南至(zhi)澤庫鎮前島村(cun);西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)至(zhi)葛家鎮西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)譚(tan)家口(kou)村(cun),覆蓋文(wen)登(deng)(deng)市(shi)(shi)境內的(de)15個鎮(辦(ban))開發(fa)區(qu)的(de)687個行政村(cun)。地理坐標(biao)為(wei):東(dong)經121°43'~122°19',北緯36°52'~37°16'之(zhi)間,地域(yu)保護種(zhong)植面積(ji)2000公頃。
四(si).產品品質特性特征
文登西洋參(can)屬五加科,人(ren)參(can)屬,多年生草本,全株無(wu)毛,根(gen)莖(jing)(jing)較人(ren)參(can)短,根(gen)肉(rou)質,呈紡錘形(xing)、圓(yuan)柱形(xing)或(huo)(huo)圓(yuan)錐形(xing),少有(you)(you)分(fen)枝狀(zhuang)(zhuang),長3~12cm,直徑(jing)0.8~2cm。表面淺(qian)黃(huang)褐色或(huo)(huo)黃(huang)白(bai)(bai)色,可(ke)見橫向環紋(wen)及線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)皮(pi)(pi)孔,并有(you)(you)細(xi)密淺(qian)縱皺紋(wen)及須根(gen)痕(hen)。主根(gen)中下部有(you)(you)一(yi)至(zhi)數條側根(gen);有(you)(you)的(de)上端有(you)(you)根(gen)莖(jing)(jing)(蘆(lu)頭),環節明顯,莖(jing)(jing)痕(hen)(蘆(lu)碗)圓(yuan)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)半圓(yuan)形(xing)具(ju)不定根(gen)疔或(huo)(huo)已折(zhe)斷。體重(zhong),質堅實,不易折(zhe)斷,斷面平坦,淺(qian)黃(huang)白(bai)(bai)色,略顯粉性,皮(pi)(pi)部可(ke)見黃(huang)棕色點狀(zhuang)(zhuang)樹脂道(dao),形(xing)成層環紋(wen)棕黃(huang)色,本部略呈放射狀(zhuang)(zhuang)紋(wen)理。氣微而特異,味微苦(ku)、甘。莖(jing)(jing)圓(yuan)柱形(xing),長約25厘米,有(you)(you)縱條紋(wen),或(huo)(huo)略具(ju)棱。掌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)復葉(xie)(xie),通(tong)常(chang)3~4枚,輪(lun)生于(yu)莖(jing)(jing)項;小葉(xie)(xie)片膜(mo)質,廣卵(luan)形(xing)至(zhi)倒(dao)卵(luan)形(xing),先端突(tu)尖,基(ji)部換(huan)形(xing),邊緣具(ju)粗鋸齒。總花(hua)(hua)梗(geng)由(you)莖(jing)(jing)端葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)(bing)中央(yang)抽出(chu),較葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)(bing)稍(shao)長,或(huo)(huo)近(jin)于(yu)等長。傘形(xing)花(hua)(hua)序,花(hua)(hua)多數,等片綠色,鐘狀(zhuang)(zhuang);花(hua)(hua)瓣5,綠白(bai)(bai)色。漿(jiang)果(guo),扁(bian)圓(yuan)形(xing),成對(dui)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),熟(shu)時鮮紅色。花(hua)(hua)期(qi)6~7月(yue),果(guo)期(qi)7~9月(yue)。
五(wu).特定生(sheng)產方式(shi)
1、產地選(xuan)擇(ze)與特殊內容(rong)規定。種植基地應選(xuan)擇(ze)在無污(wu)染和(he)(he)生態(tai)條件良(liang)好(hao)的(de)地區。種植基地選(xuan)擇(ze)地應遠離工(gong)礦區和(he)(he)公(gong)路鐵路干線,避(bi)開工(gong)業和(he)(he)城(cheng)市污(wu)染源的(de)影響,種植基地應具有可持續(xu)性。符合NY/T391-2000綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)產地環境質量標(biao)準(zhun)。產品(pin)質量要求符合NY/T1043-2006綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)人(ren)參和(he)(he)西洋參標(biao)準(zhun)。
2、品種(zhong)選擇與特定要求。以自(zi)己(ji)培育的“文(wen)登西洋(yang)參(can)”為主(zhu),適當發展其(qi)他普(pu)通品種(zhong)。