萊蕪生姜有兩千多年的種植歷史,封建(jian)社(she)會曾是朝庭的貢品。萊蕪生姜是全(quan)國(guo)名(ming)貴(gui)產品(pin)和中國(guo)蔬菜優良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong),有(you)文字記載的栽培歷史(shi)已有(you)2000多年(nian)。在(zai)我(wo)國古代(dai)典籍中有(you)許多(duo)關(guan)于(yu)萊蕪(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的描述(shu):《論語》中有(you)“不(bu)撤姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)食”的記(ji)(ji)載,說(shuo)明(ming)春秋(qiu)戰國時(shi),齊魯(lu)食姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)已(yi)經(jing)非常普遍(bian)。《史(shi)記(ji)(ji)》貨殖列傳第六(liu)十九節寫道:“若(ruo)千(qian)(qian)(qian)畝卮茜(qian),千(qian)(qian)(qian)畦姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)韭(jiu),此其(qi)(qi)人(ren)皆于(yu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)戶侯等”,也就(jiu)是說(shuo),如果一(yi)個人(ren)種了一(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)畦姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),其(qi)(qi)富裕程度可(ke)以與當(dang)時(shi)的千(qian)(qian)(qian)戶侯相比(bi)。根據(ju)《萊蕪(wu)縣(xian)志(zhi)》的記(ji)(ji)載,宣(xuan)統年(nian)間,萊蕪(wu)就(jiu)已(yi)經(jing)把生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)列入了納稅科目(mu)。當(dang)時(shi)萊蕪(wu)境(jing)內(nei)就(jiu)已(yi)經(jing)種植(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)2000畝,畝產1000斤,主(zhu)要依靠“擔挑牲畜馱或(huo)小車裝運”到(dao)濟南、天津(jin)等地銷售。萊蕪(wu)種植(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)經(jing)驗比(bi)較(jiao)豐富,《齊民要術》中有(you)一(yi)節專述(shu)種姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。《萊蕪(wu)縣(xian)志(zhi)》中也有(you)關(guan)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)播(bo)種與收(shou)獲日期的列表,“最(zui)早(zao)播(bo)種時(shi)節為(wei)(wei)四月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬至(zhi)(zhi)谷雨節,最(zui)遲為(wei)(wei)五月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬至(zhi)(zhi)立夏節;最(zui)早(zao)收(shou)獲期為(wei)(wei)十月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬至(zhi)(zhi)寒(han)露節,最(zui)遲為(wei)(wei)十月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬至(zhi)(zhi)霜降(jiang)”。萊蕪(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以其(qi)(qi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塊肥大、皮薄(bo)絲少、辣(la)濃(nong)味(wei)美、色澤(ze)鮮潤而著稱,富含(han)多(duo)種維生(sheng)(sheng)素,既是美味(wei)品,又是保健品,民間有(you)“冬(dong)夏吃生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),不(bu)勞醫生(sheng)(sheng)開藥方(fang)”之說(shuo)。
萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)屬(shu)山東土(tu)特(te)產品(pin),是著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)“萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)三辣”之(zhi)(zhi)一,是我(wo)國眾多大蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)品(pin)種(zhong)中獨具特(te)色的(de)優質(zhi)地(di)方品(pin)種(zhong)。萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)植歷史悠久(jiu),嘉靖萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)縣(xian)志、萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)縣(xian)鄉土(tu)志就有(you)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)的(de)記(ji)載,1960年全國姜(jiang)、蒜、蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)生(sheng)產規劃會議在萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)召(zhao)開。萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)2003年獲得(de)國家原產地(di)標記(ji)注冊,2013年被列為農(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)產品(pin)地(di)理標志登記(ji)保護(hu)產品(pin),地(di)理保護(hu)范圍涉及(ji)牛泉(quan)、高莊、雪野(ye)、里辛、顏莊等13個鎮(街道辦),總(zong)面積50000畝。雞腿(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)植株矮小、粗(cu)壯,株高60-70厘(li)米,蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)白(bai)長26-30厘(li)米,其基部顯著(zhu)膨大,向上(shang)漸細并稍彎曲(qu),形似雞腿(tui),故得(de)名(ming)(ming)。萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)適應性強(qiang),抗(kang)旱、耐(nai)瘠、耐(nai)寒(han)、耐(nai)熱,抗(kang)病(bing)蟲,耐(nai)貯(zhu)藏,生(sheng)命力強(qiang),有(you)“根枯葉焦心不死”之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)。雞腿(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)辛辣味濃,可(ke)生(sheng)食(shi),更(geng)宜炒食(shi),作為生(sheng)、孰、葷、素(su)菜(cai)(cai)肴常用(yong)調料尤佳,用(yong)它烹調菜(cai)(cai)肴,主佐均(jun)宜,傳有(you)“如(ru)吃山東菜(cai)(cai),菜(cai)(cai)菜(cai)(cai)不離(li)萊(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)”的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法。
萊蕪大蒜種植歷史悠久,系山東省名特產之一。在《萊蕪縣志》的物產中就有蒜的記載,當時的種植經驗就比較豐富,對蒜的生長周期規定為“秋期播蒜勤為灌溉翌夏收獲”,當時的播種面積有1359畝。萊蕪大蒜分大白皮和大四瓣兩個品種,素以蒜頭蒜瓣大、蒜瓣肉質細、辣味濃香、產量高、耐貯藏等優良特性聞名。萊蕪大蒜(suan)有(you)紫皮、白皮之分,具有(you)營養豐富(fu)、味(wei)道鮮(xian)美、辛(xin)辣芳香(xiang)、增進食欲、殺菌、耐貯運等特點,除冬季供(gong)(gong)應干蒜(suan)外,一年四季均可供(gong)(gong)應青蒜(suan)苗、蒜(suan)黃,實現周年供(gong)(gong)應。生熟食俱佳,深受(shou)國內外消費者好評(ping)。
萊(lai)蕪種(zhong)植(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)歷史悠久,據考證,早在北魏時期就有(you)栽(zai)植(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)記載,明代嘉靖年(nian)間開始大(da)量(liang)栽(zai)植(zhi),之(zhi)后常種(zhong)不衰。主要栽(zai)植(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)有(you):香椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子、大(da)紅(hong)袍、小紅(hong)袍、青皮(pi)(pi)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等。特(te)別是(shi)大(da)紅(hong)袍花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)具有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)產、優質、適應性強(qiang)、出皮(pi)(pi)率高(gao)(gao)(gao)、椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮(pi)(pi)厚實、色澤鮮艷、香味濃郁等特(te)點。椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮(pi)(pi)中(zhong)各類(lei)揮發性芳香物(wu)質含量(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)達 9% ,不僅是(shi)提煉制作高(gao)(gao)(gao)級(ji)食用(yong)(yong)香精的(de)優質原料,而且是(shi)上等的(de)食用(yong)(yong)調(diao)味品(pin);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)子含油量(liang)達 30% ,榨取的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油既(ji)可作工業(ye)用(yong)(yong)油,也可食用(yong)(yong);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮(pi)(pi)和種(zhong)子均可入藥,具有(you)開胃(wei)、健脾、增強(qiang)體質的(de)功能。萊(lai)蕪大(da)紅(hong)袍花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在第三屆中(zhong)國(guo)農業(ye)博覽(lan)會上被(bei)(bei)評為(wei)名牌產品(pin)。1971 年(nian),萊(lai)蕪被(bei)(bei)列為(wei)山東(dong)省花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)商品(pin)基地縣。 1998 年(nian)萊(lai)城(cheng)區被(bei)(bei)命名為(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”。全市(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽(zai)植(zhi)面(mian)積15萬(wan)畝、1600萬(wan)棵,總產1萬(wan)噸。【性(xing)狀】青椒(jiao) 多(duo)為2~3個上部(bu)離生的小果(guo),集生于(yu)小果(guo)梗上,呈(cheng)球形(xing),沿腹縫線開裂,直(zhi)(zhi)徑3~4mm。外表面灰綠色(se)(se)(se)或暗綠色(se)(se)(se),散胸數油點及細密的網狀隆起皺紋;內(nei)(nei)表面類白色(se)(se)(se),光滑。內(nei)(nei)果(guo)皮(pi)常(chang)由基部(bu)與外果(guo)皮(pi)分(fen)離。殘存種子呈(cheng)卵形(xing),長3~4mm,直(zhi)(zhi)徑2~3mm,表面黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se),有光澤。氣香,味(wei)微甜(tian)而辛。