萊蕪生姜有兩千多(duo)年的(de)種植歷史,封建社(she)會曾是朝庭(ting)的(de)貢品。萊蕪(wu)生姜是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)名貴產品和中國(guo)蔬菜優良品種(zhong),有文字記載的栽(zai)培歷史已有2000多年。在我國(guo)古代(dai)典籍中(zhong)有(you)許多(duo)(duo)關(guan)于萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)描述:《論語》中(zhong)有(you)“不(bu)(bu)撤姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)食”的(de)記載(zai),說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)春秋(qiu)戰國(guo)時,齊魯(lu)食姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)已經(jing)非常普遍。《史記》貨殖列(lie)傳第六十(shi)九節寫道:“若千(qian)(qian)畝(mu)卮(zhi)茜,千(qian)(qian)畦姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)韭,此其人皆于千(qian)(qian)戶(hu)侯等”,也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)(shuo),如果一個(ge)人種(zhong)(zhong)了(le)一千(qian)(qian)畦姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),其富(fu)裕程(cheng)度可以(yi)與(yu)當(dang)時的(de)千(qian)(qian)戶(hu)侯相(xiang)比(bi)。根據《萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)縣(xian)志》的(de)記載(zai),宣統年(nian)間,萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)就(jiu)(jiu)已經(jing)把生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)列(lie)入了(le)納稅(shui)科(ke)目(mu)。當(dang)時萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)境(jing)內就(jiu)(jiu)已經(jing)種(zhong)(zhong)植生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)2000畝(mu),畝(mu)產1000斤,主要依靠“擔挑牲畜馱或小車裝運”到濟南、天津等地銷(xiao)售。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)植生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)經(jing)驗比(bi)較(jiao)豐富(fu),《齊民(min)要術(shu)》中(zhong)有(you)一節專述種(zhong)(zhong)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。《萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)縣(xian)志》中(zhong)也有(you)關(guan)于生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)收獲日期的(de)列(lie)表,“最早(zao)(zao)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時節為四月下旬至(zhi)谷雨節,最遲(chi)為五月上旬至(zhi)立夏節;最早(zao)(zao)收獲期為十(shi)月上旬至(zhi)寒(han)露節,最遲(chi)為十(shi)月下旬至(zhi)霜降(jiang)”。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)其姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塊肥大、皮(pi)薄絲少、辣濃味美(mei)、色澤(ze)鮮(xian)潤而著稱,富(fu)含多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)維生(sheng)(sheng)素,既(ji)是(shi)美(mei)味品,又(you)是(shi)保健品,民(min)間有(you)“冬夏吃生(sheng)(sheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),不(bu)(bu)勞醫(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)開藥方”之(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)。
萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)屬山東(dong)土特產(chan)品(pin),是(shi)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)“萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)三辣”之(zhi)一,是(shi)我國(guo)眾多大蔥(cong)(cong)品(pin)種(zhong)中獨(du)具特色的(de)優質地方(fang)品(pin)種(zhong)。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)種(zhong)植(zhi)歷史悠(you)久,嘉(jia)靖萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)縣志、萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)縣鄉土志就有(you)蔥(cong)(cong)的(de)記載,1960年(nian)全(quan)國(guo)姜、蒜(suan)、蔥(cong)(cong)生(sheng)產(chan)規劃會(hui)議在萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)召開。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)2003年(nian)獲得國(guo)家原產(chan)地標(biao)記注冊,2013年(nian)被列(lie)為農業部(bu)農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)志登(deng)記保護產(chan)品(pin),地理(li)保護范圍涉及(ji)牛泉、高(gao)莊、雪野、里辛、顏莊等(deng)13個(ge)鎮(街道辦(ban)),總面積50000畝。雞腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)植(zhi)株矮小、粗壯(zhuang),株高(gao)60-70厘米,蔥(cong)(cong)白長26-30厘米,其基(ji)部(bu)顯著(zhu)膨大,向上漸細并稍彎曲,形似雞腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui),故(gu)得名(ming)。萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雞腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)適應性強,抗(kang)旱、耐(nai)瘠、耐(nai)寒、耐(nai)熱,抗(kang)病蟲,耐(nai)貯藏(zang),生(sheng)命力強,有(you)“根枯(ku)葉焦心不(bu)死”之(zhi)說。雞腿(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)蔥(cong)(cong)辛辣味濃,可生(sheng)食(shi)(shi),更宜炒(chao)食(shi)(shi),作為生(sheng)、孰(shu)、葷、素菜(cai)(cai)肴常(chang)用調(diao)(diao)料(liao)尤佳,用它烹(peng)調(diao)(diao)菜(cai)(cai)肴,主佐(zuo)均宜,傳有(you)“如吃山東(dong)菜(cai)(cai),菜(cai)(cai)菜(cai)(cai)不(bu)離萊(lai)(lai)蕪(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蔥(cong)(cong)”的(de)說法。
萊蕪大蒜種植歷史悠久,系山東省名特產之一。在《萊蕪縣志》的物產中就有蒜的記載,當時的種植經驗就比較豐富,對蒜的生長周期規定為“秋期播蒜勤為灌溉翌夏收獲”,當時的播種面積有1359畝。萊蕪大蒜分大白皮和大四瓣兩個品種,素以蒜頭蒜瓣大、蒜瓣肉質細、辣味濃香、產量高、耐貯藏等優良特性聞名。萊(lai)蕪大蒜有紫皮、白皮之(zhi)分,具有營養(yang)豐(feng)富、味道鮮美、辛辣芳(fang)香、增進食欲、殺菌、耐貯運(yun)等特點,除(chu)冬季供應干蒜外,一年四季均可供應青蒜苗、蒜黃,實現周(zhou)年供應。生熟(shu)食俱佳,深(shen)受國(guo)內外消費者好(hao)評。
萊(lai)蕪(wu)種(zhong)植(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)歷史悠(you)久,據考(kao)證,早在北(bei)魏時期就有(you)栽(zai)植(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)記載,明代嘉靖(jing)年間開(kai)始大(da)(da)量(liang)栽(zai)植(zhi),之后常種(zhong)不衰(shuai)。主要栽(zai)植(zhi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)有(you):香(xiang)(xiang)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)子(zi)、大(da)(da)紅(hong)(hong)袍、小紅(hong)(hong)袍、青皮椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、大(da)(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等(deng)。特別是(shi)大(da)(da)紅(hong)(hong)袍花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)具(ju)有(you)高(gao)產、優(you)質(zhi)、適應性強(qiang)、出皮率高(gao)、椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮厚實、色澤鮮艷、香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)濃郁等(deng)特點。椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮中(zhong)各類揮(hui)發性芳(fang)香(xiang)(xiang)物質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)達(da) 9% ,不僅是(shi)提煉制作高(gao)級食(shi)用(yong)香(xiang)(xiang)精的(de)優(you)質(zhi)原料(liao),而且是(shi)上等(deng)的(de)食(shi)用(yong)調味(wei)品(pin)(pin);花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)子(zi)含(han)油量(liang)達(da) 30% ,榨(zha)取(qu)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油既(ji)可(ke)作工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)油,也可(ke)食(shi)用(yong);花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皮和種(zhong)子(zi)均可(ke)入藥,具(ju)有(you)開(kai)胃、健脾、增強(qiang)體質(zhi)的(de)功能。萊(lai)蕪(wu)大(da)(da)紅(hong)(hong)袍花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在第三(san)屆中(zhong)國農業(ye)博覽(lan)會上被評(ping)為(wei)名牌產品(pin)(pin)。1971 年,萊(lai)蕪(wu)被列(lie)為(wei)山東省花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)商品(pin)(pin)基地縣(xian)。 1998 年萊(lai)城區被命名為(wei)“中(zhong)國花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之鄉”。全市花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽(zai)植(zhi)面積15萬(wan)畝(mu)、1600萬(wan)棵(ke),總產1萬(wan)噸(dun)。【性狀】青椒(jiao) 多為2~3個(ge)上部(bu)離生的(de)小(xiao)果,集生于小(xiao)果梗上,呈(cheng)球形,沿(yan)腹縫線開裂,直(zhi)(zhi)徑3~4mm。外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)灰(hui)綠色(se)或暗綠色(se),散胸(xiong)數(shu)油點及(ji)細密的(de)網狀隆(long)起皺(zhou)紋;內表面(mian)(mian)類白色(se),光滑(hua)。內果皮常由基部(bu)與外(wai)果皮分離。殘存種(zhong)子(zi)呈(cheng)卵形,長3~4mm,直(zhi)(zhi)徑2~3mm,表面(mian)(mian)黑色(se),有光澤。氣香,味微甜而辛(xin)。