一.產品介紹
房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)水紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)米種(zhong)植(zhi)歷史(shi)悠久,盛行(xing)于唐代,曾被做為“貢(gong)品(pin)”,有(you)文字記載的(de)(de)歷史(shi)距今150年(nian),在清代同治(zhi)五(wu)年(nian)(1866年(nian))出(chu)(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)《房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》中,對房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)水紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)米生產有(you)這樣的(de)(de)記載:“谷有(you)粳、糯二種(zhong)。早晚(wan)谷名(ming)十數種(zhong),黃(huang)(huang)白赤青數色(se)(se)……粳米有(you)蓋草黃(huang)(huang)、冷(leng)水紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)……”;其生長(chang)區域在海拔800米~1200米之間的(de)(de)冷(leng)水田,山泉灌溉,成熟后(hou)的(de)(de)冷(leng)水紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)稻殼紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)褐色(se)(se)、有(you)芒,芒特長(chang),米粒細長(chang),米色(se)(se)粉紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong),有(you)獨特的(de)(de)米香。米飯色(se)(se)澤(ze)棕(zong)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong),栗(li)香味(wei)濃,口感潤爽。 在房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)萬峪河(he)鄉(xiang)和沙河(he)鄉(xiang)還有(you)這樣一個風俗(su),每逢女(nv)兒出(chu)(chu)嫁必縫制一個大(da)枕頭(tou),里面裝上數斤冷(leng)水紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)谷子作陪嫁,求的(de)(de)不僅是多(duo)子多(duo)福,也有(you)助女(nv)兒分娩(mian)時補氣(qi)養血,有(you)利于恢復體(ti)力(li)和增加乳汁,故(gu)房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)水紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)米又被稱為“月米”。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)情況:房(fang)縣土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)種類較(jiao)多,有(you)黃(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)、山地(di)(di)棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)、石(shi)灰巖土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)(tu)、水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)等6個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類,15個(ge)亞類,44個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬,146個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)種,201個(ge)變種,總面積441862公頃;全縣土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)偏(pian)堿,普遍(bian)缺氮、嚴重(zhong)缺磷、大(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)缺鉀(jia)、有(you)機質含量(liang)偏(pian)低(di)、部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)物理性(xing)(xing)能(neng)不良(liang);房(fang)縣地(di)(di)貌(mao)由北部(bu)(bu)(bu)、中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)三大(da)地(di)(di)勢部(bu)(bu)(bu)組成(cheng),地(di)(di)勢南(nan)北高(gao),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di),四周高(gao)山環(huan)繞,由兩側分(fen)向中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)傾斜(xie),略成(cheng)盆地(di)(di)形勢;境內山川秀美、溪(xi)谷(gu)交錯(cuo),溝壑縱橫(heng),植(zhi)被覆蓋(gai)率(lv)良(liang)好,森林覆蓋(gai)率(lv)77.5 %。房(fang)縣冷水紅(hong)(hong)米產區土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚,有(you)機質含量(liang)在(zai)1.6 %~5.5%,pH值為(wei)5.5~7.0,多為(wei)冷浸(jin)田,長(chang)(chang)期(qi)受冷水浸(jin)漬,終年水溫泥溫較(jiao)低(di)而穩定,適宜冷水紅(hong)(hong)水稻的生長(chang)(chang)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:產區(qu)(qu)地(di)域遼闊,河溝縱(zong)橫,有堵河(發源于(yu)神農架林區(qu)(qu)陰峪河)、南(nan)河(發源于(yu)神農架林區(qu)(qu)的溫水(shui)(shui)(shui)河)兩大水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。雨量(liang)充沛(pei),年均降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)為750~1160mm,徑流總量(liang)20.5億m3,年降水(shui)(shui)(shui)產水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)46.6億m3,過(guo) 境容水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)16.4億m3,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐富。產區(qu)(qu)是南(nan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)北調(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源區(qu)(qu),境內沒有大型工廠(chang),無(wu)“三廢”排放和空氣污染,土壤沒有重(zhong)金屬污染歷史。根據環境監測部門監測,產區(qu)(qu)地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)達(da)到(dao)GB 3838—2002《中華人民共和國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》的Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun);水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)感觀良好,無(wu)色(se)、無(wu)臭(chou)、無(wu)味、透明,PH值5.5~7.5,砷≤0.05 mg/L、鎘(ge)≤0.005 mg/L、鉛≤0.05 mg/L,有關指標(biao)(biao)符合我國(guo)和世(shi)界衛生組織(zhi)制定的飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)準(zhun)則(ze)。
3、氣候情況:產(chan)區(qu)(qu)屬北亞熱(re)帶季風氣候區(qu)(qu),四季分明,日(ri)均(jun)(jun)(jun)溫10~15°C,晝(zhou)夜溫差明顯;年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)空氣相對(dui)濕度75%;年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數1700~2000小時(shi),無霜期170~240天;區(qu)(qu)域內年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的(de)差別不大,總的(de)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)南部地(di)勢高(gao)的(de)地(di)方降(jiang)水(shui)多,北部地(di)勢低的(de)地(di)方降(jiang)水(shui)略少,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)雨(yu)量(liang)750~1160 mm,降(jiang)水(shui)集中在4~10月份(fen),占(zhan)(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的(de)85%,其(qi)季節(jie)分布是(shi)(shi):3~5月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)236 mm,占(zhan)(zhan)26%;6~8月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)406 mm,占(zhan)(zhan)44%;9~11月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)227 mm,占(zhan)(zhan)25%;12~2月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)45 mm,占(zhan)(zhan)5%;雨(yu)日(ri)在100~140天之(zhi)間(jian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)雨(yu)日(ri)117天,雨(yu)日(ri)由北向(xiang)南逐漸增(zeng)多;產(chan)區(qu)(qu)生態環境優良,大氣清新無污染,符(fu)合GB3095–2012的(de)Ⅰ級標準。
4、人(ren)文歷(li)史情況(kuang):房(fang)縣(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅米(mi)有(you)(you)(you)文字記(ji)(ji)載(zai)的(de)(de)歷(li)史有(you)(you)(you)148年(nian)(nian),清(qing)代同(tong)治(zhi)五年(nian)(nian)(1866年(nian)(nian),距(ju)今148年(nian)(nian))出版的(de)(de)《房(fang)縣(xian)(xian)志》和(he)民(min)國(guo)24年(nian)(nian)(1935年(nian)(nian),距(ju)今79年(nian)(nian))出版的(de)(de)《房(fang)縣(xian)(xian)志》中,對(dui)房(fang)縣(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅米(mi)生產均有(you)(you)(you)這樣的(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載(zai):谷有(you)(you)(you)粳(jing)、糯二種。早晚谷名十數種,黃(huang)白赤青數色……粳(jing)米(mi)有(you)(you)(you)蓋草黃(huang)、冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅……。 房(fang)縣(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅米(mi)適宜(yi)的(de)(de)栽培區域在海拔800米(mi)~1200米(mi)之間,種植(zhi)(zhi)地塊多為高山梯田(tian),海拔較高,生態(tai)系統較為封閉,晝夜溫(wen)差大,有(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)營養物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)積累;種植(zhi)(zhi)地域的(de)(de)森林覆蓋率(lv)普遍高于(yu)全縣(xian)(xian)77.5%的(de)(de)平均值,土壤有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量≥2.5%,富含水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻生長所需(xu)的(de)(de)礦(kuang)物(wu)質(zhi)和(he)其它(ta)營養物(wu)質(zhi);水(shui)(shui)(shui)田(tian)灌溉用水(shui)(shui)(shui)多為山泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)),形(xing)成冷(leng)(leng)浸田(tian),終(zhong)年(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)泥溫(wen)較低而穩(wen)定,有(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)提高其部分營養物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)含量;房(fang)縣(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅米(mi)有(you)(you)(you)文字記(ji)(ji)載(zai)的(de)(de)歷(li)史有(you)(you)(you)148年(nian)(nian),長期精耕(geng)細 作(zuo),有(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)技術創新和(he)品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)提高。以上特殊的(de)(de)地理(li)和(he)人(ren)文歷(li)史等(deng)因素形(xing)成并保證了房(fang)縣(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅米(mi)特有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)特征。
三.地域范圍
房(fang)縣冷水紅米產(chan)地范圍(wei)為湖北省房(fang)縣沙(sha)河鄉(xiang)、萬峪(yu)河鄉(xiang)、青峰鎮、門古(gu)寺(si)鎮、土城鎮、白鶴(he)鎮、野人谷鎮、窯淮鎮、上龕鄉(xiang)、九道鄉(xiang)等10個鄉(xiang)鎮,涉及(ji)38個村。其地理位(wei)置位(wei)于東經110°02′~111°15′、北緯(wei)31°34′~32°31′,生(sheng)長于海(hai)拔800~1200米,生(sheng)產(chan)面積800公頃,總產(chan)量(liang)1116噸,總產(chan)值6240萬元。
四.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1、外觀特性特征:房縣冷水紅(hong)米(mi)(mi),稻(dao)谷(gu)深褐色(se),糙米(mi)(mi)橢圓(yuan)形,棕(zong)紅(hong)色(se),有光澤(ze),順(shun)紋。米(mi)(mi)粒均長6.3mm,寬3.4mm,糙米(mi)(mi)千粒重22.3g。米(mi)(mi)飯色(se)澤(ze)棕(zong)紅(hong),栗香味濃,口感潤(run)爽。
2、內在品(pin)質指標:每100g冷水紅糙(cao)米含粗蛋白(bai)≥8g、氨基酸≥6.5g、直鏈(lian)淀粉(fen)含量15~20 %。 3、產(chan)品(pin)質量安全:房(fang)縣(xian)冷水紅米生產(chan)過程執行《無(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)水稻(dao)生產(chan)技(ji)(ji)術規程》(NY/T5117—2002)、《無(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)稻(dao)米加工技(ji)(ji)術規范(fan)》(NY/T5190—2002)標準。