一.產品介紹
房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)冷水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)米(mi)種植歷史悠久,盛行(xing)于(yu)唐代(dai),曾(ceng)被做為(wei)“貢(gong)品”,有(you)(you)文字(zi)記載(zai)的(de)(de)歷史距(ju)今150年,在清(qing)代(dai)同治五年(1866年)出(chu)版的(de)(de)《房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)志》中,對房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)冷水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)米(mi)生產有(you)(you)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)記載(zai):“谷有(you)(you)粳、糯(nuo)二(er)種。早晚(wan)谷名十(shi)數種,黃白赤青數色……粳米(mi)有(you)(you)蓋草黃、冷水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)……”;其(qi)生長(chang)區(qu)域在海拔800米(mi)~1200米(mi)之間的(de)(de)冷水(shui)田,山泉灌(guan)溉(gai),成熟(shu)后的(de)(de)冷水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)稻(dao)殼紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)褐(he)色、有(you)(you)芒,芒特長(chang),米(mi)粒(li)細長(chang),米(mi)色粉紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong),有(you)(you)獨特的(de)(de)米(mi)香。米(mi)飯色澤棕(zong)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong),栗香味濃,口(kou)感潤爽。 在房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)萬峪(yu)河(he)鄉(xiang)和沙河(he)鄉(xiang)還(huan)有(you)(you)這(zhe)樣一(yi)個風俗(su),每逢女(nv)兒出(chu)嫁必縫(feng)制一(yi)個大枕頭,里面裝(zhuang)上(shang)數斤(jin)冷水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)谷子(zi)作陪嫁,求的(de)(de)不僅是(shi)多(duo)子(zi)多(duo)福,也有(you)(you)助(zhu)女(nv)兒分娩時(shi)補(bu)氣養血,有(you)(you)利于(yu)恢復體力(li)和增(zeng)加(jia)乳汁(zhi),故(gu)房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)冷水(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)米(mi)又被稱(cheng)為(wei)“月米(mi)”。
二.自(zi)然生態環(huan)境和(he)人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況(kuang):房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)種類較多(duo),有(you)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)、山(shan)地(di)棕壤(rang)(rang)、石灰巖土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、水(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等6個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類,15個(ge)亞(ya)類,44個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬,146個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)種,201個(ge)變種,總(zong)面積441862公頃(qing);全縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中性(xing)偏(pian)堿,普遍(bian)缺(que)氮、嚴重缺(que)磷、大部(bu)分缺(que)鉀(jia)、有(you)機質含量(liang)偏(pian)低、部(bu)分土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)物理性(xing)能不(bu)良;房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)貌由(you)北(bei)部(bu)、中部(bu)、南部(bu)三大地(di)勢(shi)部(bu)組成(cheng),地(di)勢(shi)南北(bei)高,中部(bu)低,四周高山(shan)環繞,由(you)兩側分向中部(bu)傾斜,略成(cheng)盆地(di)形(xing)勢(shi);境內山(shan)川秀美、溪谷交錯,溝壑(he)縱橫,植被覆蓋率(lv)良好(hao),森林覆蓋率(lv)77.5 %。房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)冷水(shui)(shui)紅米(mi)產(chan)區土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚,有(you)機質含量(liang)在1.6 %~5.5%,pH值為5.5~7.0,多(duo)為冷浸田,長期受冷水(shui)(shui)浸漬,終年水(shui)(shui)溫泥(ni)溫較低而穩定,適宜冷水(shui)(shui)紅水(shui)(shui)稻的(de)生長。
2、水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):產(chan)區(qu)(qu)地域遼闊,河溝縱橫,有堵河(發源(yuan)(yuan)于神(shen)農架林區(qu)(qu)陰峪河)、南(nan)河(發源(yuan)(yuan)于神(shen)農架林區(qu)(qu)的(de)溫水(shui)(shui)河)兩大(da)水(shui)(shui)系。雨量(liang)(liang)充沛,年(nian)均降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為750~1160mm,徑流總(zong)量(liang)(liang)20.5億m3,年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)產(chan)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)46.6億m3,過 境容水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)16.4億m3,水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富。產(chan)區(qu)(qu)是(shi)南(nan)水(shui)(shui)北調水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu),境內沒有大(da)型工廠(chang),無“三廢”排放和空氣污染(ran)(ran),土壤沒有重金屬污染(ran)(ran)歷史。根據環(huan)境監測部門監測,產(chan)區(qu)(qu)地表水(shui)(shui)達到GB 3838—2002《中華人民(min)共和國國家標準(zhun)地表水(shui)(shui)環(huan)境質量(liang)(liang)標準(zhun)》的(de)Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)質標準(zhun);水(shui)(shui)質感觀良好,無色、無臭、無味、透明,PH值(zhi)5.5~7.5,砷≤0.05 mg/L、鎘≤0.005 mg/L、鉛(qian)≤0.05 mg/L,有關指標符合我國和世界衛(wei)生組織制定的(de)飲用水(shui)(shui)質準(zhun)則。
3、氣(qi)候情況(kuang):產區屬北亞熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候區,四季(ji)分明(ming),日(ri)(ri)均(jun)溫(wen)10~15°C,晝夜溫(wen)差明(ming)顯;年(nian)均(jun)空(kong)氣(qi)相對(dui)濕度75%;年(nian)日(ri)(ri)照時數(shu)1700~2000小時,無(wu)霜(shuang)期170~240天(tian)(tian);區域內年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量的(de)(de)差別不大,總的(de)(de)特點是(shi)(shi)南部地(di)勢高的(de)(de)地(di)方降水(shui)(shui)多(duo),北部地(di)勢低的(de)(de)地(di)方降水(shui)(shui)略少,年(nian)均(jun)雨量750~1160 mm,降水(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)在4~10月(yue)(yue)份,占(zhan)全年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量的(de)(de)85%,其季(ji)節分布是(shi)(shi):3~5月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為236 mm,占(zhan)26%;6~8月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為406 mm,占(zhan)44%;9~11月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為227 mm,占(zhan)25%;12~2月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為45 mm,占(zhan)5%;雨日(ri)(ri)在100~140天(tian)(tian)之間,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)雨日(ri)(ri)117天(tian)(tian),雨日(ri)(ri)由北向南逐漸增多(duo);產區生態環(huan)境優良(liang),大氣(qi)清新無(wu)污染(ran),符合GB3095–2012的(de)(de)Ⅰ級(ji)標準。
4、人(ren)文歷史(shi)情況:房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)米有(you)(you)文字記載的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)有(you)(you)148年(nian)(nian),清代同治五年(nian)(nian)(1866年(nian)(nian),距今148年(nian)(nian))出版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志》和民國24年(nian)(nian)(1935年(nian)(nian),距今79年(nian)(nian))出版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志》中,對房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)米生(sheng)產均有(you)(you)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)記載:谷(gu)有(you)(you)粳、糯(nuo)二種。早晚谷(gu)名十數種,黃白赤青數色(se)……粳米有(you)(you)蓋(gai)草黃、冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)……。 房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)米適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽培區域在海拔800米~1200米之(zhi)間,種植地塊多(duo)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)山梯田,海拔較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao),生(sheng)態系統(tong)較(jiao)為(wei)封(feng)閉,晝夜溫差大,有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積累(lei);種植地域的(de)(de)(de)(de)森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率普遍高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)77.5%的(de)(de)(de)(de)平均值,土壤有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量≥2.5%,富含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻生(sheng)長所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)礦(kuang)物質(zhi)和其(qi)它營(ying)(ying)養(yang)物質(zhi);水(shui)(shui)(shui)田灌溉(gai)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)多(duo)為(wei)山泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)),形成冷(leng)(leng)浸田,終年(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫泥(ni)溫較(jiao)低而(er)穩(wen)定(ding),有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)其(qi)部分營(ying)(ying)養(yang)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量;房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)米有(you)(you)文字記載的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)有(you)(you)148年(nian)(nian),長期精耕(geng)細(xi) 作,有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)技(ji)術創新和品質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。以上特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地理和人(ren)文歷史(shi)等因(yin)素形成并保(bao)證了(le)房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)米特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)特征。
三.地域范圍
房(fang)縣(xian)冷水(shui)紅米產地范(fan)圍為(wei)湖北省房(fang)縣(xian)沙河(he)鄉(xiang)、萬峪河(he)鄉(xiang)、青峰鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、門古(gu)寺(si)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、土城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、白鶴(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、野人谷鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、窯淮鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、上龕(kan)鄉(xiang)、九道鄉(xiang)等10個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),涉(she)及38個村。其(qi)地理位(wei)置位(wei)于東經110°02′~111°15′、北緯31°34′~32°31′,生(sheng)長于海拔800~1200米,生(sheng)產面積800公頃,總產量1116噸,總產值(zhi)6240萬元。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征(zheng)
1、外(wai)觀特性特征(zheng):房縣冷水紅米(mi)(mi)(mi),稻谷深褐色(se),糙米(mi)(mi)(mi)橢圓形,棕(zong)紅色(se),有光澤,順紋。米(mi)(mi)(mi)粒(li)均長6.3mm,寬3.4mm,糙米(mi)(mi)(mi)千粒(li)重22.3g。米(mi)(mi)(mi)飯色(se)澤棕(zong)紅,栗香味濃,口(kou)感潤爽(shuang)。
2、內在(zai)品(pin)質指標:每100g冷水(shui)紅糙(cao)米(mi)含粗蛋白≥8g、氨(an)基酸(suan)≥6.5g、直鏈淀粉(fen)含量15~20 %。 3、產(chan)品(pin)質量安全:房縣冷水(shui)紅米(mi)生產(chan)過(guo)程執行《無(wu)公害食品(pin)水(shui)稻生產(chan)技(ji)(ji)術規程》(NY/T5117—2002)、《無(wu)公害食品(pin)稻米(mi)加工技(ji)(ji)術規范》(NY/T5190—2002)標準。