羅田甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),指中國(guo)湖北省大別山(shan)區羅田縣產(chan)的甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)中國(guo)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志產(chan)品。羅田為"中國(guo)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之鄉(xiang)"。羅田甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)世(shi)界唯一自然脫澀的甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品種,秋天(tian)成熟后,不(bu)需(xu)加(jia)工,可直接食(shi)用(yong)。羅田縣三(san)里畈鎮鏨字石村(cun)出(chu)產(chan)的甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)更是(shi)珍品,其特點(dian)是(shi)個大色艷,身圓(yuan)底方(fang),皮薄肉厚,甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)脆可口(kou)。別的地(di)方(fang)出(chu)產(chan)的甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一般有籽粒八顆以上,而鏨子(zi)石甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)超過三(san)顆籽,所以既方(fang)便(bian)食(shi)用(yong),更方(fang)便(bian)加(jia)工。
產地環境
羅田(tian)縣位于(yu)大(da)別(bie)山南麓,總(zong)面(mian)積321萬畝,屬亞熱帶季風區(qu),氣候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和,陽光(guang)充(chong)足(zu),雨(yu)量充(chong)沛,光(guang)水(shui)熱同步,自(zi)然條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件很(hen)好(hao)。年平均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度16.4℃,降雨(yu)量1300-1600毫(hao)米,無霜期(qi)(qi)(qi)181-231天,極為(wei)適宜甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發育要(yao)(yao)求。羅田(tian)不僅具有適宜甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發育的(de)基本氣候條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件,而且由于(yu)地(di)勢、地(di)形、地(di)貌和森(sen)林植(zhi)被的(de)自(zi)然調節(jie)(jie)作用,形成(cheng)更具獨特優(you)勢的(de)區(qu)域環(huan)境。一是地(di)勢北(bei)高南低,對氣候資源可以進行再分(fen)(fen)配,自(zi)行調節(jie)(jie),使甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發育期(qi)(qi)(qi)內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)巨變(bian)較小。二是地(di)形地(di)貌差(cha)異大(da),小氣候小環(huan)境較多(duo),適宜栽植(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)的(de)面(mian)積大(da)。三是森(sen)林覆蓋率高,達到68.8%,植(zhi)被條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件好(hao),自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態優(you)良,對提高甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)果(guo)實光(guang)澤,降低果(guo)皮厚度都十分(fen)(fen)有利。四是晝(zhou)(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)大(da),有利于(yu)果(guo)實的(de)形成(cheng)。羅田(tian)柿(shi)產區(qu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)比平原(yuan)地(di)區(qu)要(yao)(yao)大(da),甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)果(guo)實膨大(da)成(cheng)熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)7-9月(yue),其晝(zhou)(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)一般都在(zai)10℃以上,比平原(yuan)大(da)4℃以上,這對柿(shi)果(guo)糖(tang)分(fen)(fen)轉化和營養積累極為(wei)有利,是羅田(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)品質(zhi)優(you)良、味道(dao)鮮美的(de)一個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)。五是土壤適宜甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),羅田(tian)土壤多(duo)為(wei)片麻巖風化形成(cheng)的(de)沙壤土,透水(shui)、通氣性(xing)能良好(hao),微酸性(xing)和中(zhong)性(xing),有利于(yu)柿(shi)樹根系生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),柿(shi)樹壽命長(chang),盛果(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)長(chang),豐產性(xing)好(hao)。
主要品種
羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)是羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)當地原生(sheng)(sheng)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)總稱(cheng),在(zai)長(chang)(chang)期的(de)(de)自然(ran)變異進化和(he)人工栽(zai)培選擇過程(cheng)中(zhong),逐漸形成了很(hen)多(duo)各具特(te)(te)色的(de)(de)優(you)良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。具有(you)栽(zai)培價值(zhi)的(de)(de)地方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)20多(duo)個,大(da)、中(zhong)、小果型品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)早、中(zhong)、晚熟品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兼備,還(huan)有(you)育苗采(cai)籽專用品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)單雄性(xing)授粉(fen)樹(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源(yuan)極為(wei)(wei)豐富,其(qi)主(zhu)要品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you):羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)、秋(qiu)焰甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(寶華、鄂柿(shi)(shi)1號、陰陽柿(shi)(shi))、寶蓋甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)、四(si)方甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)、小果甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)、龍爪柿(shi)(shi)、金秋(qiu)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)、蜜(mi)糖柿(shi)(shi)。這(zhe)些(xie)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)共同特(te)(te)點是果實(shi)含有(you)可(ke)溶性(xing)單寧低,不(bu)需人工脫(tuo)澀,不(bu)復生(sheng)(sheng)返澀;果皮(pi)薄,皮(pi)色橙紅(hong)光亮,外表(biao)美觀亮麗;果肉甜(tian)(tian)(tian)脆細膩(ni),含糖量(liang)在(zai)17-26%之間,味甜(tian)(tian)(tian)可(ke)口(kou);果內無(wu)(wu)黑斑,無(wu)(wu)果心;果型多(duo)為(wei)(wei)扁園(yuan),無(wu)(wu)縱溝,無(wu)(wu)縊(yi)痕。此(ci)外,羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)很(hen)強(qiang)(qiang),分(fen)枝(zhi)能力很(hen)旺,樹(shu)冠(guan)形成快(kuai),側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)分(fen)生(sheng)(sheng)多(duo),葉片肥大(da),葉色濃綠,葉肉厚實(shi),光合(he)作用能力強(qiang)(qiang),結實(shi)早,豐產性(xing)能好,根(gen)(gen)(gen)系發(fa)達,主(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)較深,側(ce)(ce)根(gen)(gen)(gen)特(te)(te)別長(chang)(chang),一般側(ce)(ce)根(gen)(gen)(gen)為(wei)(wei)樹(shu)冠(guan)的(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei),有(you)的(de)(de)散生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)樹(shu)側(ce)(ce)根(gen)(gen)(gen)可(ke)達樹(shu)冠(guan)的(de)(de)6-7倍(bei)(bei)。由于根(gen)(gen)(gen)系發(fa)達,生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛,因而(er)羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)抗逆(ni)性(xing)強(qiang)(qiang),耐(nai)瘠(ji)、耐(nai)旱、耐(nai)漬(zi)、耐(nai)寒,病蟲害少,適應性(xing)廣(guang),生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)壽(shou)命(ming)長(chang)(chang),盛果期也很(hen)長(chang)(chang)。根(gen)(gen)(gen)據資料(liao)記載和(he)羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)林(lin)業部門調(diao)查,一般壽(shou)命(ming)多(duo)在(zai)400年左右(you),盛果期約(yue)在(zai)100年以上(shang)。這(zhe)些(xie)豐富的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源(yuan),是羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)縣發(fa)展羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)獨有(you)優(you)勢(shi)和(he)重(zhong)要物質基礎(chu)。