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羅田(tian)甜(tian)(tian)柿，指中國湖北省大(da)別山區羅田(tian)縣(xian)產的甜(tian)(tian)柿，是(shi)中國地理(li)標志產品(pin)(pin)。羅田(tian)為"中國甜(tian)(tian)柿之鄉(xiang)"。羅田(tian)甜(tian)(tian)柿是(shi)世界唯(wei)一(yi)自然脫澀的甜(tian)(tian)柿品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，秋天(tian)成熟后，不(bu)需加(jia)(jia)工，可直(zhi)接(jie)食用(yong)。羅田(tian)縣(xian)三(san)里畈(fan)鎮鏨字石(shi)村出產的甜(tian)(tian)柿更是(shi)珍品(pin)(pin)，其特點是(shi)個大(da)色(se)艷，身圓底(di)方，皮薄(bo)肉厚，甜(tian)(tian)脆可口。別的地方出產的甜(tian)(tian)柿一(yi)般有籽粒(li)八顆以(yi)上，而鏨子(zi)石(shi)甜(tian)(tian)柿不(bu)超過三(san)顆籽，所以(yi)既方便(bian)食用(yong)，更方便(bian)加(jia)(jia)工。

產地環境

羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)縣位于(yu)大別(bie)山南麓，總面積321萬(wan)畝，屬亞熱(re)帶季風(feng)區，氣(qi)候(hou)溫和(he)，陽光(guang)充(chong)足，雨(yu)量充(chong)沛，光(guang)水(shui)熱(re)同步，自然(ran)條件(jian)很好。年平(ping)均溫度16.4℃，降(jiang)雨(yu)量1300-1600毫米(mi)，無霜期(qi)181-231天，極(ji)為適宜甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發育要求。羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)不僅(jin)具(ju)有適宜甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發育的(de)基本氣(qi)候(hou)條件(jian)，而且由于(yu)地勢、地形(xing)(xing)(xing)、地貌和(he)森(sen)林植(zhi)(zhi)被的(de)自然(ran)調(diao)節作(zuo)用，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)更具(ju)獨特優(you)勢的(de)區域環(huan)境。一是(shi)地勢北高南低(di)，對(dui)氣(qi)候(hou)資源(yuan)可以進行(xing)(xing)再分配，自行(xing)(xing)調(diao)節，使甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發育期(qi)內(nei)溫室(shi)巨變(bian)較小。二是(shi)地形(xing)(xing)(xing)地貌差(cha)(cha)異大，小氣(qi)候(hou)小環(huan)境較多(duo)，適宜栽植(zhi)(zhi)甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)面積大。三是(shi)森(sen)林覆蓋(gai)率高，達到68.8%，植(zhi)(zhi)被條件(jian)好，自然(ran)生(sheng)態優(you)良，對(dui)提高甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)實光(guang)澤，降(jiang)低(di)果(guo)皮(pi)厚度都十分有利(li)。四是(shi)晝(zhou)(zhou)夜(ye)(ye)溫差(cha)(cha)大，有利(li)于(yu)果(guo)實的(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)。羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)產區溫差(cha)(cha)比平(ping)原(yuan)地區要大，甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)實膨大成(cheng)熟期(qi)為7-9月(yue)，其(qi)晝(zhou)(zhou)夜(ye)(ye)溫差(cha)(cha)一般都在(zai)10℃以上，比平(ping)原(yuan)大4℃以上，這(zhe)對(dui)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)糖分轉化和(he)營養積累極(ji)為有利(li)，是(shi)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)品質優(you)良、味道(dao)鮮美(mei)的(de)一個重要原(yuan)因。五是(shi)土(tu)壤適宜甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)土(tu)壤多(duo)為片麻巖風(feng)化形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)沙壤土(tu)，透水(shui)、通(tong)氣(qi)性(xing)能良好，微(wei)酸性(xing)和(he)中性(xing)，有利(li)于(yu)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)樹(shu)根系生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，柿(shi)(shi)(shi)樹(shu)壽命長(chang)(chang)，盛果(guo)期(qi)長(chang)(chang)，豐產性(xing)好。

主要品種

羅田(tian)(tian)(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)是羅田(tian)(tian)(tian)當(dang)地原生(sheng)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)總稱，在(zai)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)變異進(jin)化和(he)(he)人工栽(zai)培(pei)選(xuan)擇(ze)過程中，逐漸形成了(le)很(hen)(hen)多(duo)(duo)各具(ju)特(te)(te)色(se)的(de)(de)優良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。具(ju)有(you)栽(zai)培(pei)價(jia)值的(de)(de)地方品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)20多(duo)(duo)個，大、中、小果(guo)(guo)型(xing)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)早(zao)、中、晚(wan)熟品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兼(jian)備，還有(you)育(yu)苗采(cai)籽專用品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)單雄性(xing)授粉樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資(zi)源(yuan)極(ji)為(wei)豐(feng)富，其主要品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you):羅田(tian)(tian)(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、秋焰甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(寶華(hua)、鄂柿(shi)(shi)(shi)1號、陰陽柿(shi)(shi)(shi))、寶蓋甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、四方甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、小果(guo)(guo)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、龍(long)爪(zhua)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、金秋甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、蜜糖柿(shi)(shi)(shi)。這些(xie)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)共同特(te)(te)點是果(guo)(guo)實含(han)有(you)可溶性(xing)單寧(ning)低(di)，不需人工脫澀(se)，不復(fu)生(sheng)返澀(se);果(guo)(guo)皮薄，皮色(se)橙紅光(guang)亮，外(wai)表美觀亮麗;果(guo)(guo)肉甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)脆細膩(ni)，含(han)糖量在(zai)17-26%之(zhi)間，味甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)可口;果(guo)(guo)內(nei)無黑斑(ban)，無果(guo)(guo)心;果(guo)(guo)型(xing)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)扁(bian)園，無縱溝，無縊(yi)痕(hen)。此外(wai)，羅田(tian)(tian)(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)很(hen)(hen)強，分枝能(neng)力很(hen)(hen)旺，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)形成快，側(ce)枝分生(sheng)多(duo)(duo)，葉(xie)(xie)片肥大，葉(xie)(xie)色(se)濃綠，葉(xie)(xie)肉厚實，光(guang)合作(zuo)用能(neng)力強，結實早(zao)，豐(feng)產性(xing)能(neng)好，根(gen)系(xi)發達(da)(da)，主根(gen)較深，側(ce)根(gen)特(te)(te)別長(chang)(chang)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)側(ce)根(gen)為(wei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)的(de)(de)2倍(bei)，有(you)的(de)(de)散生(sheng)大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)側(ce)根(gen)可達(da)(da)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)的(de)(de)6-7倍(bei)。由于根(gen)系(xi)發達(da)(da)，生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛(sheng)，因而羅田(tian)(tian)(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)抗逆性(xing)強，耐瘠(ji)、耐旱(han)、耐漬、耐寒，病蟲害少，適應性(xing)廣，生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)壽命長(chang)(chang)，盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)也很(hen)(hen)長(chang)(chang)。根(gen)據資(zi)料記載和(he)(he)羅田(tian)(tian)(tian)林業部門調查，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)壽命多(duo)(duo)在(zai)400年左右，盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)約(yue)在(zai)100年以上。這些(xie)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資(zi)源(yuan)，是羅田(tian)(tian)(tian)縣(xian)發展羅田(tian)(tian)(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)獨有(you)優勢(shi)和(he)(he)重要物質基礎(chu)。