羅(luo)田(tian)甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi),指(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)國湖北省(sheng)大別山(shan)區羅(luo)田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國地理標志產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。羅(luo)田(tian)為"中(zhong)(zhong)國甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)之鄉"。羅(luo)田(tian)甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)世(shi)界唯(wei)一自(zi)然(ran)脫澀(se)的(de)(de)甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)種,秋天成熟后,不(bu)需(xu)加(jia)工,可直接食用。羅(luo)田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)三里畈鎮(zhen)鏨字(zi)石村出產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)更是(shi)(shi)珍品(pin),其特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)個大色(se)艷,身圓底方(fang)(fang),皮薄肉(rou)厚(hou),甜(tian)(tian)脆可口(kou)。別的(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)出產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)一般有籽粒八顆(ke)以上,而鏨子石甜(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)超過(guo)三顆(ke)籽,所以既方(fang)(fang)便食用,更方(fang)(fang)便加(jia)工。
產地環境
羅田縣位于(yu)(yu)大別山南麓,總面(mian)積(ji)321萬畝,屬亞熱帶季風區(qu),氣候溫和(he),陽光(guang)充足,雨量充沛,光(guang)水熱同(tong)步,自然條件(jian)很好(hao)。年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫度16.4℃,降雨量1300-1600毫米,無(wu)霜期(qi)(qi)(qi)181-231天(tian),極為(wei)(wei)適宜(yi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)生長(chang)發育要(yao)求。羅田不僅具有適宜(yi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)生長(chang)發育的(de)基本氣候條件(jian),而(er)且由于(yu)(yu)地勢、地形、地貌和(he)森林植被的(de)自然調(diao)節作用,形成更具獨特優(you)勢的(de)區(qu)域環境。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)地勢北高(gao)南低,對氣候資源可以(yi)進行(xing)再(zai)分配,自行(xing)調(diao)節,使甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)生長(chang)發育期(qi)(qi)(qi)內溫室巨(ju)變較小。二(er)是(shi)(shi)地形地貌差異大,小氣候小環境較多(duo),適宜(yi)栽(zai)植甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)的(de)面(mian)積(ji)大。三是(shi)(shi)森林覆蓋(gai)率(lv)高(gao),達到68.8%,植被條件(jian)好(hao),自然生態優(you)良(liang),對提高(gao)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)果(guo)實(shi)光(guang)澤,降低果(guo)皮厚度都十(shi)分有利(li)(li)。四是(shi)(shi)晝(zhou)夜溫差大,有利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)果(guo)實(shi)的(de)形成。羅田柿(shi)產(chan)區(qu)溫差比(bi)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)地區(qu)要(yao)大,甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)果(guo)實(shi)膨大成熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)7-9月,其晝(zhou)夜溫差一(yi)般(ban)都在10℃以(yi)上,比(bi)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)大4℃以(yi)上,這對柿(shi)果(guo)糖分轉(zhuan)化(hua)和(he)營養積(ji)累(lei)極為(wei)(wei)有利(li)(li),是(shi)(shi)羅田甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)品(pin)質優(you)良(liang)、味(wei)道鮮美的(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)原(yuan)因。五是(shi)(shi)土(tu)壤適宜(yi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)生長(chang),羅田土(tu)壤多(duo)為(wei)(wei)片麻巖風化(hua)形成的(de)沙壤土(tu),透水、通(tong)氣性(xing)能良(liang)好(hao),微酸性(xing)和(he)中性(xing),有利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)柿(shi)樹(shu)根系生長(chang),柿(shi)樹(shu)壽命長(chang),盛果(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)長(chang),豐(feng)產(chan)性(xing)好(hao)。
主要品種
羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)當(dang)地(di)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品種(zhong)的(de)(de)總稱,在長(chang)期的(de)(de)自然變異進化(hua)和(he)(he)人(ren)工栽培(pei)選擇過程(cheng)中,逐漸形(xing)成了很(hen)多各具特(te)色的(de)(de)優良品種(zhong)。具有(you)栽培(pei)價值的(de)(de)地(di)方品種(zhong)有(you)20多個,大、中、小(xiao)果(guo)型品種(zhong)和(he)(he)早(zao)(zao)、中、晚熟(shu)品種(zhong)兼備(bei),還有(you)育苗(miao)采籽專用(yong)品種(zhong)和(he)(he)單雄性(xing)(xing)授粉樹(shu)品種(zhong),品種(zhong)資(zi)源極為豐富,其主要品種(zhong)有(you):羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、秋焰甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(寶華、鄂柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1號、陰陽(yang)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))、寶蓋甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、四(si)方甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、小(xiao)果(guo)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、龍(long)爪柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金秋甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、蜜糖柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。這(zhe)些品種(zhong)的(de)(de)共同特(te)點是果(guo)實含(han)有(you)可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)單寧低(di),不需人(ren)工脫澀(se),不復生(sheng)(sheng)返澀(se);果(guo)皮(pi)薄,皮(pi)色橙(cheng)紅(hong)光亮(liang),外(wai)表美觀亮(liang)麗;果(guo)肉甜(tian)脆細膩,含(han)糖量在17-26%之間(jian),味甜(tian)可(ke)口;果(guo)內無黑斑,無果(guo)心;果(guo)型多為扁園,無縱溝,無縊痕(hen)。此外(wai),羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)勢很(hen)強,分枝能(neng)力很(hen)旺(wang),樹(shu)冠(guan)形(xing)成快,側枝分生(sheng)(sheng)多,葉(xie)片(pian)肥(fei)大,葉(xie)色濃綠,葉(xie)肉厚(hou)實,光合作用(yong)能(neng)力強,結實早(zao)(zao),豐產性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好(hao),根(gen)(gen)系發(fa)(fa)達,主根(gen)(gen)較深,側根(gen)(gen)特(te)別(bie)長(chang),一(yi)般(ban)側根(gen)(gen)為樹(shu)冠(guan)的(de)(de)2倍,有(you)的(de)(de)散生(sheng)(sheng)大樹(shu)側根(gen)(gen)可(ke)達樹(shu)冠(guan)的(de)(de)6-7倍。由于根(gen)(gen)系發(fa)(fa)達,生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺(wang)盛,因而(er)羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)抗逆性(xing)(xing)強,耐(nai)瘠、耐(nai)旱、耐(nai)漬、耐(nai)寒,病蟲害少,適應性(xing)(xing)廣,生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)壽命長(chang),盛果(guo)期也很(hen)長(chang)。根(gen)(gen)據資(zi)料記(ji)載和(he)(he)羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)林業部門調查,一(yi)般(ban)壽命多在400年左右(you),盛果(guo)期約在100年以(yi)上。這(zhe)些豐富的(de)(de)品種(zhong)資(zi)源,是羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)縣發(fa)(fa)展羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)(tian)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)獨有(you)優勢和(he)(he)重要物質基礎。