歷史淵源
山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省晉城市澤(ze)州縣巴(ba)公(gong)鎮的“巴(ba)公(gong)大(da)蔥(cong)”是山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省早期(qi)四大(da)著名(ming)土特產之(zhi)一(yi),有著悠久的歷史。相傳慈禧太后西(xi)(xi)逃時(shi)路經晉城,當地官員設(she)宴款待,上菜(cai)(cai)時(shi)發現少了(le)(le)一(yi)道菜(cai)(cai),急的人們滿頭冒汗(han),廚(chu)師(shi)臨時(shi)急中生智用大(da)蔥(cong)及肉絲燒了(le)(le)一(yi)道菜(cai)(cai),取名(ming)燒大(da)萄(tao),慈禧吃(chi)后連連夸獎(jiang),這道菜(cai)(cai)便流傳了(le)(le)下(xia)來(lai)。巴(ba)公(gong)大(da)蔥(cong)即被賦予了(le)(le)傳奇色彩,并(bing)成為(wei)了(le)(le)傳統的種植農產品。
產地環境
巴(ba)公(gong)大(da)蔥(cong)主(zhu)栽(zai)區為澤州縣巴(ba)公(gong)鎮、大(da)陽(yang)鎮、下村鄉等鄉鎮。巴(ba)公(gong)大(da)蔥(cong)之所以品(pin)質(zhi)優良,主(zhu)要(yao)是由于自然條件(jian)適(shi)宜(yi),栽(zai)培技(ji)術獨(du)特。如種巴(ba)公(gong)大(da)蔥(cong)最出名的(de)坡頭(tou)村,地處(chu)嶺崗,屬紅粘土(tu)壤,空氣干燥,適(shi)應(ying)大(da)蔥(cong)喜涼(liang)爽的(de)生長習性,極宜(yi)種植。
種植技術
巴(ba)公大蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植技術,主要(yao)包括精(jing)心選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、實(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽培、認真管理3條。選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是秋后收蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)地里單株(zhu)選擇。標準(zhun)是植株(zhu)健壯,管葉蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)綠,蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)白肥大,組織充實(shi),外皮白色,符合巴(ba)公大蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)桿粗、長相、疙瘩等典型形狀(zhuang)。選好(hao)(hao)的蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植精(jing)心保(bao)存(cun),土(tu)地解(jie)凍后將蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽下,五六月收蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)籽。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子只采(cai)收中間一枝,不(bu)才周圍分枝,以保(bao)證籽粒飽(bao)滿、壯實(shi)。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、壓(ya)秧(yang)都必(bi)須適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)巴(ba)公鎮,白露種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)麥是同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)籽,來(lai)年農歷五月再壓(ya)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)秧(yang),大蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)就長不(bu)好(hao)(hao)。所謂“五月蔥(cong)(cong)(cong),空(kong)疙筒”就是群眾(zhong)的實(shi)踐經(jing)驗。
精心(xin)管(guan)理是巴公蔥(cong)出名的(de)關鍵環節。春天小蔥(cong)返青時(shi)(shi)(shi)要施肥、澆(jiao)水(shui)。壓蔥(cong)定植(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)要多施土(tu)雜肥并(bing)剪掉部(bu)分蔥(cong)葉和須根以加(jia)速成(cheng)活。因為大蔥(cong)的(de)食用主(zhu)要是蔥(cong)白(bai)(bai)莖(jing)(jing),所(suo)以巴公蔥(cong)主(zhu)要在培植(zhi)的(de)白(bai)(bai)莖(jing)(jing)上下工(gong)夫。夏秋(qiu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間,每(mei)下一場雨,群(qun)眾都要及時(shi)(shi)(shi)施一次肥,培一次土(tu),保證充足的(de)水(shui)、肥土(tu)條件,使大蔥(cong)的(de)白(bai)(bai)莖(jing)(jing)長得長、粗實、不(bu)分瓣。一直到“寒露”收蔥(cong)時(shi)(shi)(shi),蔥(cong)仍然不(bu)塌架,蔥(cong)葉不(bu)黃苗,增產效(xiao)果(guo)十分明顯。
品質特點
“巴(ba)公(gong)(gong)大蔥(cong)”是巴(ba)公(gong)(gong)鎮的(de)(de)一種地產(chan)名產(chan),據傳用其(qi)燒制的(de)(de)小菜(cai)曾受到(dao)慈禧太(tai)后的(de)(de)贊賞。“巴(ba)公(gong)(gong)大蔥(cong)”是巴(ba)公(gong)(gong)鎮廣大農民長期選育的(de)(de)品種獨特的(de)(de)地方品種,植株高(gao)、白頸(jing)長、根頸(jing)肥(fei)、產(chan)量高(gao)。其(qi)主要特點是個大、味濃(nong)、崩花(hua)多、耐貯存。
個大(da)。這(zhe)種蔥每株重300--500克左右(you),收獲時株高近1米,蔥白60公分,頭部(bu)的(de)根莖有拳(quan)頭大(da),人稱“扁(bian)擔(dan)蔥”或“拳(quan)頭蔥”
味濃(nong)。巴公大蔥(cong)所含的(de)營養成份和(he)(he)殺菌(jun)辣(la)素均比一般的(de)蔥(cong)比例高(gao)(gao),香味、辣(la)味都很濃(nong)烈。燒制的(de)大蔥(cong)香味特別濃(nong)郁。因(yin)此,其(qi)食(shi)用和(he)(he)藥用價值較高(gao)(gao),為蔥(cong)中之冠。
崩(beng)花多。其他地方的蔥(cong)用刀切不易碎,即使先用刀面一(yi)拍,切后也難(nan)免出現塊狀。把(ba)一(yi)株巴(ba)公大蔥(cong)放在案上,只須用刀面一(yi)拍,層層鱗莖便(bian)自動崩(beng)開,小(xiao)片蔥(cong)白似滿案飛花,用其烹、炒、調、炸時搶火候效果好(hao)味道美。
耐(nai)貯存。蔥(cong)白肉厚心實,組織結構嚴密(mi)。單株獨(du)莖不(bu)分辨。收(shou)獲3天(tian)后蔥(cong)葉方才漸(jian)漸(jian)由綠變黃。葉干(gan)后放于(yu)陰(yin)涼干(gan)燥處保存一(yi)(yi)冬一(yi)(yi)春(chun),蔥(cong)白僅干(gan)外表一(yi)(yi)層皮,其(qi)蔥(cong)不(bu)腐爛、不(bu)干(gan)枯(ku)、不(bu)跑味。
生產情況
巴(ba)公(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)蔥(cong)的(de)真正(zheng)種植發(fa)(fa)源地是巴(ba)公(gong)(gong)鎮的(de)坡(po)頭村。巴(ba)公(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)蔥(cong)在(zai)歷史上(shang)種植面積曾達2000多(duo)畝,總產量200多(duo)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),每年(nian)外銷60萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。20世(shi)(shi)紀80年(nian)代(dai)后期(qi),巴(ba)公(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)萄一度(du)受(shou)煤炭(tan)經濟的(de)影響使得(de)種植面積銳(rui)減。 在(zai)20世(shi)(shi)紀90年(nian)代(dai),澤(ze)州蔥(cong)通過建立大(da)(da)蔥(cong)基地,發(fa)(fa)展種植,運銷河南(nan)、山東、河北(bei)、陜西(xi)等地,受(shou)到省(sheng)內外客商(shang)的(de)贊譽。
從2000年開(kai)始,巴(ba)公鎮黨委(wei)、政府(fu)為了保護這一傳統(tong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),在全鎮范圍內重新開(kai)發巴(ba)公大蔥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植業(ye),鎮政府(fu)相繼出臺(tai)優惠(hui)政策,為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植的村(cun)和(he)戶給予資金補貼等(deng)。巴(ba)公一村(cun)、莊頭村(cun)、郭莊村(cun)等(deng)有條件的村(cun),紛(fen)紛(fen)響(xiang)應,開(kai)發種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),巴(ba)公一村(cun)還(huan)成立(li)了雙(shuang)豐農業(ye)開(kai)發有限公司,該公司專門設立(li)了雙(shuang)豐園農業(ye)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植合作(zuo)社,合作(zuo)社通過選育傳統(tong)的優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、合理(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植方式(shi),還(huan)延長產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)條,積極開(kai)發大蔥深(shen)加工項目,投(tou)資1200萬元,新上了大蔥低溫凍(dong)干脫水(shui)生產(chan)(chan)線,并(bing)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)無公害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)的規程進行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植和(he)操作(zuo)。先后被(bei)(bei)山西(xi)(xi)名牌農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)評選認定委(wei)員會認定為“山西(xi)(xi)名牌農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)”,被(bei)(bei)山西(xi)(xi)省工商(shang)行政管理(li)(li)局授予“著名商(shang)標”。