一.產品介紹
連(lian)伯韭菜(cai)分布(bu)于山(shan)西省南部河津(jin)市(shi)陽村(cun)鄉的連(lian)伯村(cun)、永安村(cun)、太陽村(cun)、郭家莊村(cun)、峻嶺(ling)村(cun)5個行政(zheng)村(cun),地域保護范圍東經(jing)110°32′16″~110°32′20″,北緯(wei)35°08′18″~35°08′22″,認證面(mian)積2000公頃,年產(chan)量(liang)12萬噸(dun)。 連(lian)伯韭菜(cai)種(zhong)植歷(li)史(shi)悠(you)久,根壯葉肥、葉皮(pi)寬(kuan)厚無(wu)絲(si)、白桿粗長(chang),吃起來辣中帶(dai)甜(tian),清(qing)香可口,非常清(qing)脆(cui),一掐就斷(duan)不(bu)帶(dai)絲(si)。經(jing)鑒(jian)定,連(lian)伯韭菜(cai)每100克含蛋白質2.40-2.94g、脂肪0.40-0.49g、碳水化合物(wu)3.32-4.60g、膳食纖維1.24-1.40g。
二.自然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因素
土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌:土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)性(xing),PH值8.19,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)形成和分(fen)布因過去(qu)受河水(shui)(shui)泛濫,造成耕(geng)地土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主要(yao)有(you)(you)兩大(da)類,其(qi)中(zhong)優(you)質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(砂壤(rang)(rang)腰粘耕(geng)種(zhong)淺色(se)草(cao)(cao)甸土(tu)(tu))表土(tu)(tu)砂壤(rang)(rang)易(yi)耕(geng)種(zhong),粘土(tu)(tu)層能托(tuo)水(shui)(shui)托(tuo)肥,阻(zu)隔(ge)鹽分(fen)的(de)占70%以上;較差(cha)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(通(tong)體(ti)砂土(tu)(tu)耕(geng)種(zhong)淺色(se)草(cao)(cao)甸土(tu)(tu))土(tu)(tu)層松散、無結構(gou),通(tong)透性(xing)強(qiang),保(bao)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥性(xing)差(cha)的(de)約30%。據土(tu)(tu)肥站測定,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)養分(fen)平(ping)均值:有(you)(you)機質(zhi)達(da)到18.33g/kg,全N0.73/kg,堿解(jie)氮57.69mg/kg,速(su)P14.23mg/kg,速(su)K251.92mg/kg;有(you)(you)效(xiao)銅(tong)1.22 mg/kg,有(you)(you)效(xiao)鋅(xin)1.59mg/kg,水(shui)(shui)溶態(tai)硼1.14mg/kg,有(you)(you)效(xiao)硫(liu)29.00mg/kg。特殊的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)適合生產韭菜,無可替代(dai)。水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:河津市黃(huang)(huang)(huang)河灘地處汾、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)兩河交匯處,水(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積大(da),地下水(shui)(shui)資源豐富(fu)(fu),井灌(guan)發達(da),灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)均符合無公害食品相(xiang)應標準的(de)要(yao)求,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)質(zhi)量(liang)合格,極有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)優(you)質(zhi)韭菜生產。氣(qi)候情況:河津黃(huang)(huang)(huang)河灘地處華北高原(yuan),位于(yu)(yu)山(shan)西省南(nan)部 ,地勢平(ping)坦,南(nan)靠黃(huang)(huang)(huang)土(tu)(tu)高原(yuan)坡式地帶,北依(yi)呂梁山(shan)末端禹門(men)口,屬大(da)陸(lu)溫(wen)帶季風氣(qi)候,四季分(fen)明、光(guang)、熱資源豐富(fu)(fu),平(ping)均海拔360米,境(jing)內(nei)氣(qi)候溫(wen)和,年(nian)均氣(qi)溫(wen)14度, 晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差(cha)13℃,一月(yue)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)4度,最熱月(yue)份七月(yue)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)27度,年(nian)均降雨量(liang)550毫米,全年(nian)≥10℃可利用積溫(wen)在3830—4060℃之間,無霜期(qi)200天。年(nian)平(ping)均日照時數2060.6小(xiao)時,光(guang)熱資源豐富(fu)(fu),晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差(cha)較大(da),自然條件獨特,是韭菜生長(chang)的(de)優(you)勢區域。
三.地域范圍
根(gen)據《農產品地理(li)標志登記管理(li)辦法》的規定以及連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)菜特有的自然生(sheng)態環境條件,在廣泛征求意見的基礎上,劃定市連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)菜地理(li)標志地域保護范圍(wei):位于山西(xi)省(sheng)南部河津(jin)市陽村(cun)(cun)鄉的連(lian)伯(bo)村(cun)(cun)、永安村(cun)(cun),太陽村(cun)(cun),郭家(jia)莊村(cun)(cun)、峻(jun)嶺村(cun)(cun)5個行政村(cun)(cun)。總生(sheng)產面積2000公頃,年總產量為12萬噸。保護范圍(wei)位于東經(jing)110°32′16〞-110°32′20〞,北緯35°8′18〞-35°8′22〞,南北長7公里,東西(xi)寬9公里。
四.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特色外觀特征連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)位于黃河灘(tan)沙地(di),加(jia)上其(qi)獨特的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植技(ji)術,使(shi)連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)不同于其(qi)它地(di)方(fang),吃(chi)起(qi)來(lai)辣中帶(dai)(dai)甜(tian),清香可口,非(fei)常清脆,一掐就斷不帶(dai)(dai)絲,已經形(xing)成“連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)”的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優(you)勢。連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)根壯葉肥、葉皮寬(kuan)厚無(wu)(wu)絲、白(bai)桿粗長(chang)。內(nei)在品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)經鑒定,連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)每(mei)00克含總膳食纖(xian)維(wei)≥3.2-4.9 g、鈣9.0-4.0毫克、磷8.0-4.0毫克、鐵2.4-3.0毫克。韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)有補肝、腎之(zhi)功(gong)能(neng),號稱“壯陽草”。另外,韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)中含有大(da)量的(de)(de)鈣、磷、鐵、膳食纖(xian)維(wei)和(he)維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素c,尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素c的(de)(de)含量是(shi)西紅柿四(si)倍,多吃(chi)韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai),有利于健康。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安全規(gui)范嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)GB485農(nong)(nong)藥安全使(shi)用(yong)標準(zhun)(zhun)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)GB/T8所有部分農(nong)(nong)藥合理使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)GB8079農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)子嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)農(nong)(nong)辦(ban)質(zhi)【2012】8號無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)NY500無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)蔬菜(cai)(cai)產(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)境條件(jian)規(gui)范生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu),完(wan)善檔案,做好(hao)檢測嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)按照農(nong)(nong)委統一印制的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)建立地(di)理標志(zhi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)檔案,詳細記(ji)錄(lu)投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)采購(gou)地(di)、名稱、用(yong)量方(fang)法(fa)、注意事項等,并(bing)對各個生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)(huan)節所采取(qu)的(de)(de)技(ji)術措(cuo)施嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)按照無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)標準(zhun)(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術規(gui)程進行(xing)并(bing)做好(hao)記(ji)錄(lu)。對每(mei)批(pi)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)要嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)巡檢和(he)抽樣(yang)檢查,并(bing)按農(nong)(nong)戶編號做好(hao)登記(ji),嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)準(zhun)(zhun)出(chu)和(he)市場準(zhun)(zhun)入制度。
五.特(te)定生產方式
連伯韭菜在地塊選(xuan)擇、品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇、栽培、肥水管(guan)理(li)、病蟲害防治和割(ge)菜、包裝等生(sheng)產過程(cheng)中嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)無公(gong)害韭菜標準化(hua)生(sheng)產技術操作(zuo)規程(cheng)。
1.產地(di)選(xuan)擇與特殊內容規(gui)定(ding)選(xuan)擇平整地(di)塊,中(zhong)等肥力土(tu)壤(rang)(有(you)機質10g/kg—20g/kg,全氮0.7g/kg—1.2g/kg,有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)磷10mg/kg—20mg/kg,速(su)效(xiao)(xiao)鉀100mg/kg—200mg/kg)每(mei)667平方米撒施腐熟(shu)的優(you)質農家肥6000kg、氮、磷、鉀(15:15:15)復合肥50kg做底(di)肥,精耕細作,使土(tu)肥均勻,土(tu)壤(rang)細碎。做畦一(yi)般寬1.8m—2m,長(chang)度因(yin)地(di)而定(ding)。
2.品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選擇(ze)與特定要(yao)求選用耐(nai)寒(han)、耐(nai)熱(re)、抗病、分株力強、產(chan)量高、商品(pin)(pin)性好(hao)的優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),拱棚和日(ri)光溫(wen)室栽培(pei)應選擇(ze)休眠期短的品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。如連伯紅根韭、寒(han)青、平韭2號、高桿環(huan)等。選晴好(hao)天(tian)氣(qi),曬種(zhong)1天(tian),每667平方米用種(zhong)1kg—1.5kg。在(zai)播種(zhong)前4天(tian)—5天(tian),把種(zhong)子放入10%磷酸三鈉(na)溶液中(zhong)(zhong)浸(jin)泡(pao)20min,撈出洗(xi)(xi)凈,然后再在(zai)30℃—40℃溫(wen)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)攪(jiao)拌(ban),使水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)降(jiang)至15℃—18℃,消除癟籽,浸(jin)泡(pao)24h(中(zhong)(zhong)途換水(shui)(shui)1次—2次)。出水(shui)(shui)時搓洗(xi)(xi)種(zhong)子,稍晾干后用濕布包裹,放在(zai)15℃—18℃的地(di)方催芽,每天(tian)用清水(shui)(shui)淘洗(xi)(xi),經2天(tian)—3天(tian)胚根伸出。
3.生(sheng)(sheng)產過程管理(li)(li)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種:采用(yong)(yong)撒(sa)(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)和(he)(he)(he)條播(bo)(bo)(bo)兩種方(fang)(fang)法。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種時(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)壤口(kou)墑好(hao)。撒(sa)(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)是將種子(zi)均勻播(bo)(bo)(bo)于(yu)(yu)畦(qi)內,秧(yang)苗(miao)(miao)整(zheng)齊一(yi)致,條播(bo)(bo)(bo)是將種子(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)行(xing)距(ju)10cm—12cm,寬(kuan)2cm,深1.5cm—2cm的淺溝中(zhong),便于(yu)(yu)管理(li)(li)。化(hua)學(xue)除(chu)草(cao):種子(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種后(hou)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)用(yong)(yong)30%除(chu)草(cao)通乳油100—150ml,噴灑封(feng)(feng)閉除(chu)草(cao)。幼(you)苗(miao)(miao)管理(li)(li):前(qian)(qian)期(qi)促苗(miao)(miao),后(hou)期(qi)蹲苗(miao)(miao);清除(chu)雜(za)(za)草(cao);輕(qing)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、勤澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),保持見干見濕,加強肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理(li)(li);結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素8kg—10kg;人(ren)工(gong)拔草(cao)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci);防(fang)(fang)治韭(jiu)(jiu)蛆;定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)前(qian)(qian)一(yi)般不(bu)收(shou)(shou)割(ge),以(yi)(yi)促進(jin)壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)養(yang)根(gen)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi):定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)前(qian)(qian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)與作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)要做到有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)(he)無機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)配(pei)合(he)(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充分(fen)腐熟(shu)的圈(quan)肥(fei)(fei)6000kg,氮、磷(lin)(lin)、鉀(15:15:15)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)50kg,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)后(hou)整(zheng)地作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi),畦(qi)寬(kuan)因栽培習(xi)慣和(he)(he)(he)薄膜(mo)幅寬(kuan)而異。韭(jiu)(jiu)菜定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian),根(gen)據播(bo)(bo)(bo)種期(qi)和(he)(he)(he)幼(you)苗(miao)(miao)大(da)小而定(ding)(ding),韭(jiu)(jiu)菜株高(gao)18cm—20cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)為定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)的適期(qi)。春播(bo)(bo)(bo)大(da)約在(zai)(zai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種后(hou)70天(tian)(tian)—80天(tian)(tian)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi),秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)第(di)(di)二(er)年清明以(yi)(yi)后(hou)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)。選(xuan)擇壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao),淘汰弱(ruo)苗(miao)(miao);合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)密植(zhi),一(yi)般行(xing)距(ju)20cm、穴(xue)距(ju)12cm—15cm,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)穴(xue)10株左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you);適當(dang)(dang)深栽,覆土(tu)深度以(yi)(yi)葉(xie)(xie)鞘露出(chu)地面(mian)2cm—3cm為宜(不(bu)埋住分(fen)蘗節(jie),)隨著(zhu)(zhu)植(zhi)株生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)和(he)(he)(he)根(gen)系上(shang)移逐(zhu)漸(jian)封(feng)(feng)土(tu),防(fang)(fang)止跳(tiao)根(gen)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)后(hou)第(di)(di)一(yi)年的管理(li)(li):澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),前(qian)(qian)期(qi)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)8次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—12次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),以(yi)(yi)保證幼(you)株成活。中(zhong)期(qi)當(dang)(dang)幼(you)苗(miao)(miao)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)新根(gen)新葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi),再(zai)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。后(hou)期(qi)是韭(jiu)(jiu)菜葉(xie)(xie)片生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的最適時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi),分(fen)蘗力強,生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺盛,一(yi)般每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)7天(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。封(feng)(feng)凍(dong)前(qian)(qian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)足封(feng)(feng)凍(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)當(dang)(dang)年著(zhu)(zhu)重“養(yang)根(gen)壯(zhuang)秧(yang)”,不(bu)收(shou)(shou)割(ge),如有韭(jiu)(jiu)花應及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei),在(zai)(zai)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜葉(xie)(xie)片生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺盛期(qi),結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素10kg—15kg,著(zhu)(zhu)重養(yang)根(gen)壯(zhuang)棵。農事(shi)(shi)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),蹲苗(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),深度3cm,雨季(ji)連續中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)工(gong)清除(chu)田間(jian)雜(za)(za)草(cao)。第(di)(di)二(er)年及(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)的管理(li)(li) :澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),春季(ji)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)返青(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui),夏(xia)季(ji)減少澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),注意防(fang)(fang)澇,秋(qiu)季(ji)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)7天(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui),封(feng)(feng)凍(dong)前(qian)(qian)適時(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)足封(feng)(feng)凍(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei),一(yi)般收(shou)(shou)割(ge)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei),追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)宜二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)隨水(shui)(shui)(shui)。第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)收(shou)(shou)割(ge)后(hou)3天(tian)(tian)—4天(tian)(tian),新葉(xie)(xie)長(chang)出(chu)后(hou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入,量宜小,當(dang)(dang)葉(xie)(xie)子(zi)長(chang)到12cm左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),再(zai)追(zhui)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),量可(ke)以(yi)(yi)稍大(da)。忌收(shou)(shou)割(ge)后(hou)立(li)即追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei),引起肥(fei)(fei)料危害。一(yi)般每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氮、磷(lin)(lin)、鉀(15:15:15)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)30kg,或(huo)(huo)烏金(jin)膏沖施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)10—15升(sheng)。夏(xia)季(ji)控制(zhi)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)。秋(qiu)季(ji)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)兩水(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)腐熟(shu)人(ren)糞尿(niao),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氮、磷(lin)(lin)、鉀(15:15:15)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)30kg,或(huo)(huo)烏金(jin)膏沖施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)10—15升(sheng)。農事(shi)(shi)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),返青(qing)前(qian)(qian),及(ji)(ji)早清除(chu)雜(za)(za)草(cao)及(ji)(ji)枯枝爛葉(xie)(xie),耬(lou)平畦(qi)面(mian),整(zheng)理(li)(li)畦(qi)埂。中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)松(song)土(tu),隨著(zhu)(zhu)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜的生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),出(chu)現跳(tiao)根(gen),應及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)培土(tu),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),培土(tu)厚度2cm左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)。及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)幼(you)嫩花苔,在(zai)(zai)雨季(ji)應排水(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)澇。
4.產品收獲及產后處理規定收獲:當株(zhu)高30cm—50cm;平均(jun)單(dan)株(zhu)有5片—6片葉(xie),每(mei)茬生育期25天(tian)(tian)以上,春韭(jiu)從返青(qing)到第(di)一刀(dao)約需50天(tian)(tian),第(di)二(er)刀(dao)30天(tian)(tian)左右(you)。為便于包裝運輸,收割韭(jiu)菜(cai)宜在傍晚進行。收韭(jiu)菜(cai)刀(dao)口(kou)距(ju)地表應貼地表收割,每(mei)次收割后用(yong)耙(pa)子把(ba)地耙(pa)一遍,3天(tian)(tian)后韭(jiu)菜(cai)傷口(kou)愈合(he),新葉(xie)即將出時澆水追肥(fei)。
5.病蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):病害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)要掌(zhang)握預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)、綜合治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)的原(yuan)則,播種前(qian)(qian)(qian)應清除田(tian)間雜草和枯(ku)枝爛葉,種子在播種前(qian)(qian)(qian)進(jin)行消毒(du);增施(shi)有機肥(fei),及(ji)時(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)追(zhui)肥(fei),補磷鉀(jia)肥(fei),少(shao)施(shi)氮肥(fei),養好茬;拱棚溫室栽培注意通風排濕(shi);應用(yong)(yong)無滴(di)膜或(huo)(huo)(huo)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)除霧(wu)滴(di),降(jiang)低(di)濕(shi)度。灰霉(mei)病防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):澆(jiao)地(di)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)各噴打一次(ci)25%菌(jun)思奇預(yu)防(fang)(fang),每畝(mu)100ml兌水(shui)(shui)30—50公(gong)斤(jin);拱棚發(fa)(fa)(fa)病初(chu)期每667平方米用(yong)(yong)10%腐霉(mei)利(li)煙劑300g熏蒸一夜。發(fa)(fa)(fa)病初(chu)每隔5天—7天用(yong)(yong)25%菌(jun)思奇+50%速克靈(福(fu)美利(li))混合噴打,每次(ci)收后(hou)蓋土(tu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)都要噴,也可(ke)(ke)交替(ti)使用(yong)(yong)50%速克靈或(huo)(huo)(huo)50%撲海因1000—1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)施(shi)家樂(le)或(huo)(huo)(huo)65%硫菌(jun)霉(mei)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)。疫病防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)。噴施(shi)50%甲霜銅可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)72.2%普力(li)克水(shui)(shui)劑800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)72%霜霉(mei)威水(shui)(shui)劑800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)60%琥乙(yi)磷鋁可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)隔8天—10天一次(ci),連續(xu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)2次(ci)—3次(ci)。收獲前(qian)(qian)(qian)15天停止用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)。韭(jiu)(jiu)蛆防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):播前(qian)(qian)(qian) 播前(qian)(qian)(qian)每畝(mu)撒入1.1苦(ku)參堿粉(fen)劑3公(gong)斤(jin)或(huo)(huo)(huo)2%二(er)(er)嗪(qin)磷顆粒劑2公(gong)斤(jin),再耕翻,持效期長。成蟲(chong)羽化盛期:(4月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun),6月(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun),7月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun)及(ji)10月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)),噴40%辛硫磷1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)菊(ju)酯(zhi)類農(nong)藥(yao)如2.5%敵殺死2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)。上(shang)(shang)午9時(shi)(shi)—11時(shi)(shi)噴藥(yao)效果最好。收獲前(qian)(qian)(qian)15天停止用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)。灌根(gen)(gen):苗(miao)期韭(jiu)(jiu)蛆防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)合灌水(shui)(shui)進(jin)行。每667平方米用(yong)(yong)1.3%苦(ku)參堿水(shui)(shui)劑3kg—4kg,或(huo)(huo)(huo)40%毒(du)死椑(bei)1000ml,或(huo)(huo)(huo)50%二(er)(er)嗪(qin)磷乳(ru)油(you)1000ml,或(huo)(huo)(huo)40%辛硫磷乳(ru)油(you)1000ml,先用(yong)(yong)去掉噴頭的噴霧(wu)器順(shun)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜根(gen)(gen)部(bu)灌藥(yao),隨后(hou)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。在韭(jiu)(jiu)菜收割2天—3天后(hou),隨第二(er)(er)次(ci)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)上(shang)(shang)述方法灌根(gen)(gen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)25%愛卡士(shi)乳(ru)油(you)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)47%樂(le)斯本乳(ru)油(you)500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)潑澆(jiao)。潛葉蠅(ying)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):在產卵盛期至幼蟲(chong)卵孵化初(chu)期,噴75%滅蠅(ying)胺5000—7000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)2.5%溴(xiu)氰菊(ju)酯(zhi)等菊(ju)酯(zhi)類農(nong)藥(yao)1500—2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)。薊馬防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):在幼蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)盛期,噴10%吡蟲(chong)啉4000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)3%啶蟲(chong)脒(mi)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)20%丁硫克百威2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)。