一.產品介紹
連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜分布于山西省南部河津市陽(yang)村(cun)鄉的連(lian)伯(bo)村(cun)、永(yong)安村(cun)、太(tai)陽(yang)村(cun)、郭家莊村(cun)、峻嶺村(cun)5個(ge)行(xing)政村(cun),地域保護(hu)范圍東經110°32′16″~110°32′20″,北緯35°08′18″~35°08′22″,認(ren)證面積2000公頃(qing),年產量12萬噸。 連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜種植歷史悠(you)久,根壯葉(xie)肥(fei)、葉(xie)皮寬厚無絲、白桿粗長,吃起來辣中帶甜,清香(xiang)可口,非常清脆(cui),一掐就斷不帶絲。經鑒定,連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜每(mei)100克含(han)蛋白質2.40-2.94g、脂肪0.40-0.49g、碳水(shui)化合物3.32-4.60g、膳食纖(xian)維1.24-1.40g。
二(er).自(zi)然生態環(huan)境和人文(wen)歷史因素
土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)地貌:土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中性,PH值(zhi)8.19,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)形成和分(fen)(fen)布因過去受河(he)水(shui)(shui)泛濫,造成耕(geng)地土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)主要有(you)兩大類(lei),其中優質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)腰粘耕(geng)種(zhong)淺(qian)(qian)色(se)草甸土(tu)(tu))表土(tu)(tu)砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)易耕(geng)種(zhong),粘土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)能(neng)托水(shui)(shui)托肥(fei),阻隔鹽分(fen)(fen)的(de)占(zhan)70%以上(shang);較差土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(通(tong)體砂(sha)土(tu)(tu)耕(geng)種(zhong)淺(qian)(qian)色(se)草甸土(tu)(tu))土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)松散、無(wu)結(jie)構,通(tong)透性強,保水(shui)(shui)保肥(fei)性差的(de)約30%。據(ju)土(tu)(tu)肥(fei)站測(ce)定,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)養分(fen)(fen)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)值(zhi):有(you)機質(zhi)達到18.33g/kg,全N0.73/kg,堿解氮57.69mg/kg,速P14.23mg/kg,速K251.92mg/kg;有(you)效(xiao)銅1.22 mg/kg,有(you)效(xiao)鋅1.59mg/kg,水(shui)(shui)溶態硼1.14mg/kg,有(you)效(xiao)硫(liu)29.00mg/kg。特(te)殊的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)適合(he)生(sheng)產韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai),無(wu)可(ke)替代。水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:河(he)津市(shi)黃(huang)(huang)河(he)灘地處(chu)汾、黃(huang)(huang)兩河(he)交匯處(chu),水(shui)(shui)域面積大,地下水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富,井灌(guan)發達,灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)符合(he)無(wu)公害食(shi)品相應標準的(de)要求,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)質(zhi)量合(he)格(ge),極有(you)利(li)于優質(zhi)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)生(sheng)產。氣(qi)候情況:河(he)津黃(huang)(huang)河(he)灘地處(chu)華北高(gao)原(yuan),位于山西省(sheng)南部 ,地勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)坦,南靠黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)(tu)高(gao)原(yuan)坡式地帶,北依呂梁山末端禹門(men)口,屬大陸溫(wen)(wen)帶季風氣(qi)候,四季分(fen)(fen)明、光、熱(re)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)海拔360米,境內氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14度, 晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差13℃,一月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)4度,最(zui)熱(re)月(yue)(yue)份七月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)27度,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨量550毫米,全年(nian)≥10℃可(ke)利(li)用積溫(wen)(wen)在3830—4060℃之間,無(wu)霜期200天。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日照時數2060.6小時,光熱(re)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差較大,自然條(tiao)件獨特(te),是(shi)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)優勢(shi)區(qu)域。
三.地域范圍
根據(ju)《農產品地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)登記管理(li)辦法》的規定(ding)以及連伯(bo)韭菜特有的自然(ran)生態環境條件,在(zai)廣(guang)泛(fan)征求意(yi)見的基礎上,劃定(ding)市連伯(bo)韭菜地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)地(di)域保護(hu)范圍:位于(yu)(yu)山西省(sheng)南部河津市陽村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鄉的連伯(bo)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、永安村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),太陽村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),郭家莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、峻嶺村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)5個(ge)行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。總生產面積2000公頃,年總產量為12萬噸。保護(hu)范圍位于(yu)(yu)東(dong)經110°32′16〞-110°32′20〞,北緯35°8′18〞-35°8′22〞,南北長7公里(li),東(dong)西寬9公里(li)。
四.產(chan)品品質特(te)性特(te)征
產(chan)(chan)品品質(zhi)特(te)(te)色外(wai)觀特(te)(te)征連(lian)伯韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)位于(yu)黃河灘沙(sha)地(di)(di),加上其獨(du)特(te)(te)的(de)種植(zhi)技術,使(shi)連(lian)伯韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不同(tong)于(yu)其它地(di)(di)方,吃起來辣(la)中(zhong)帶甜,清(qing)香(xiang)可(ke)口(kou),非(fei)常清(qing)脆,一掐(qia)就斷不帶絲,已經(jing)形(xing)成“連(lian)伯韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”的(de)品質(zhi)優勢。連(lian)伯韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)根壯葉肥、葉皮寬厚無(wu)絲、白(bai)桿粗長(chang)。內在品質(zhi)經(jing)鑒(jian)定,連(lian)伯韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)每00克(ke)含(han)總膳食(shi)(shi)纖(xian)維(wei)≥3.2-4.9 g、鈣9.0-4.0毫(hao)克(ke)、磷8.0-4.0毫(hao)克(ke)、鐵(tie)2.4-3.0毫(hao)克(ke)。韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)有(you)(you)補肝、腎之功能,號(hao)稱(cheng)“壯陽草(cao)”。另外(wai),韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)大量(liang)的(de)鈣、磷、鐵(tie)、膳食(shi)(shi)纖(xian)維(wei)和維(wei)生(sheng)素c,尤其是維(wei)生(sheng)素c的(de)含(han)量(liang)是西紅(hong)柿四倍,多吃韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),有(you)(you)利于(yu)健康。產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)安全規范(fan)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)GB485農(nong)藥安全使(shi)用標準(zhun)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)GB/T8所有(you)(you)部分農(nong)藥合(he)理使(shi)用準(zhun)則(ze)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)GB8079農(nong)作(zuo)物種子嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)農(nong)辦質(zhi)【2012】8號(hao)無(wu)公害食(shi)(shi)品韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)NY500無(wu)公害食(shi)(shi)品蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環境條件規范(fan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu),完善檔案(an),做好檢(jian)測嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)按(an)照農(nong)委統一印制(zhi)的(de)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)建立地(di)(di)理標志農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品連(lian)伯韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)檔案(an),詳細記錄(lu)投(tou)入(ru)品的(de)采(cai)購地(di)(di)、名(ming)稱(cheng)、用量(liang)方法、注意(yi)事項等(deng),并對各個(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環節所采(cai)取的(de)技術措施嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)按(an)照無(wu)公害標準(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術規程進(jin)行(xing)并做好記錄(lu)。對每批商品要嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)巡檢(jian)和抽樣(yang)檢(jian)查(cha),并按(an)農(nong)戶編號(hao)做好登記,嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)準(zhun)出和市場準(zhun)入(ru)制(zhi)度。
五.特(te)定(ding)生產方式
連伯韭菜在(zai)地塊選擇、品種(zhong)選擇、栽培、肥水管理(li)、病蟲(chong)害(hai)防治和(he)割菜、包裝等生(sheng)產過程中(zhong)嚴格執行無公害(hai)韭菜標(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)產技術操作規程。
1.產地(di)選(xuan)擇與特殊(shu)內容(rong)規(gui)定選(xuan)擇平整地(di)塊,中等肥(fei)力土壤(有機質10g/kg—20g/kg,全(quan)氮0.7g/kg—1.2g/kg,有效磷(lin)10mg/kg—20mg/kg,速效鉀(jia)100mg/kg—200mg/kg)每667平方米撒施腐熟的優(you)質農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)6000kg、氮、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)(15:15:15)復(fu)合肥(fei)50kg做(zuo)底肥(fei),精耕細作,使土肥(fei)均勻,土壤細碎。做(zuo)畦一般寬1.8m—2m,長度因地(di)而定。
2.品種(zhong)選擇與特定要求選用(yong)耐寒、耐熱、抗病(bing)、分株力強、產(chan)量高、商品性好(hao)的(de)優良品種(zhong),拱棚和日(ri)光溫(wen)(wen)室栽培應選擇休眠(mian)期短的(de)品種(zhong)。如連伯紅根(gen)韭、寒青、平(ping)韭2號、高桿環等。選晴好(hao)天氣,曬(shai)種(zhong)1天,每667平(ping)方米用(yong)種(zhong)1kg—1.5kg。在播種(zhong)前(qian)4天—5天,把種(zhong)子放入10%磷酸三鈉溶液(ye)中浸泡20min,撈出(chu)(chu)(chu)洗凈,然后再在30℃—40℃溫(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)中攪(jiao)拌(ban),使(shi)水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)降至15℃—18℃,消除癟籽,浸泡24h(中途(tu)換水(shui)(shui)1次(ci)—2次(ci))。出(chu)(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)時搓洗種(zhong)子,稍晾干后用(yong)濕布(bu)包裹,放在15℃—18℃的(de)地方催芽,每天用(yong)清水(shui)(shui)淘洗,經2天—3天胚根(gen)伸(shen)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。
3.生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)理播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong):采用撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)和(he)條播(bo)(bo)(bo)兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)壤(rang)口墑好。撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)是將(jiang)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)均勻播(bo)(bo)(bo)于(yu)(yu)畦(qi)內(nei),秧(yang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)整齊(qi)一(yi)(yi)致,條播(bo)(bo)(bo)是將(jiang)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)在行距10cm—12cm,寬2cm,深1.5cm—2cm的(de)淺溝中(zhong)(zhong),便于(yu)(yu)管(guan)理。化學除(chu)(chu)草:種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)每667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)用30%除(chu)(chu)草通(tong)乳油100—150ml,噴灑封(feng)閉除(chu)(chu)草。幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)管(guan)理:前期(qi)(qi)(qi)促苗(miao)(miao)(miao),后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)蹲(dun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao);清(qing)除(chu)(chu)雜(za)(za)草;輕澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、勤(qin)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),保持見干見濕(shi),加強肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理;結(jie)合(he)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),每次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)施(shi)尿(niao)素8kg—10kg;人工(gong)拔草2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci);防(fang)治韭蛆;定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)收(shou)割(ge),以促進壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)養(yang)根(gen)。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi):定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與作(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)要做(zuo)到(dao)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)無機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配(pei)合(he)施(shi)用。每667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)施(shi)充分(fen)(fen)腐熟(shu)的(de)圈肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)6000kg,氮、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)(15:15:15)復(fu)(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50kg,施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)整地作(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi),畦(qi)寬因栽(zai)(zai)培習慣和(he)薄膜幅(fu)寬而(er)異。韭菜(cai)(cai)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian),根(gen)據播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)大小而(er)定(ding),韭菜(cai)(cai)株(zhu)(zhu)高18cm—20cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)為定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)適期(qi)(qi)(qi)。春播(bo)(bo)(bo)大約在播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)70天(tian)(tian)—80天(tian)(tian)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi),秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)在第(di)二(er)年清(qing)明以后(hou)(hou)(hou)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。選(xuan)擇(ze)壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao),淘(tao)汰弱苗(miao)(miao)(miao);合(he)理密植(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)(yi)般行距20cm、穴距12cm—15cm,每穴10株(zhu)(zhu)左(zuo)右;適當(dang)深栽(zai)(zai),覆(fu)土(tu)深度以葉(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)露出地面(mian)2cm—3cm為宜(不(bu)埋住分(fen)(fen)蘗節(jie),)隨(sui)(sui)著植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)長(chang)和(he)根(gen)系上移逐(zhu)漸(jian)封(feng)土(tu),防(fang)止跳根(gen)。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)第(di)一(yi)(yi)年的(de)管(guan)理:澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),前期(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)8次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—12次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),以保證幼(you)(you)株(zhu)(zhu)成活(huo)。中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)當(dang)幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)發生(sheng)新(xin)根(gen)新(xin)葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi),再澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)是韭菜(cai)(cai)葉(xie)(xie)片生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)最適時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi),分(fen)(fen)蘗力強,生(sheng)長(chang)旺盛(sheng),一(yi)(yi)般每7天(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。封(feng)凍(dong)前澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)足封(feng)凍(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)當(dang)年著重“養(yang)根(gen)壯秧(yang)”,不(bu)收(shou)割(ge),如有韭花(hua)應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)除(chu)(chu)。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),在韭菜(cai)(cai)葉(xie)(xie)片生(sheng)長(chang)旺盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi),結(jie)合(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),每667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)尿(niao)素10kg—15kg,著重養(yang)根(gen)壯棵。農(nong)事操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo),蹲(dun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)前中(zhong)(zhong)耕1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),深度3cm,雨(yu)季(ji)連續中(zhong)(zhong)耕2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)人工(gong)清(qing)除(chu)(chu)田(tian)間(jian)雜(za)(za)草。第(di)二(er)年及(ji)以后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)管(guan)理 :澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),春季(ji)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)返青水(shui)(shui)(shui),夏(xia)季(ji)減少澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),注意防(fang)澇,秋季(ji)每7天(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui),封(feng)凍(dong)前適時(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)足封(feng)凍(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),一(yi)(yi)般收(shou)割(ge)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宜二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)隨(sui)(sui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在收(shou)割(ge)后(hou)(hou)(hou)3天(tian)(tian)—4天(tian)(tian),新(xin)葉(xie)(xie)長(chang)出后(hou)(hou)(hou)施(shi)入,量(liang)宜小,當(dang)葉(xie)(xie)子(zi)(zi)長(chang)到(dao)12cm左(zuo)右,再追(zhui)(zhui)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),量(liang)可以稍大。忌收(shou)割(ge)后(hou)(hou)(hou)立即追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),引起(qi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料危害。一(yi)(yi)般每667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)施(shi)氮、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)(15:15:15)復(fu)(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg,或烏金膏沖施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10—15升(sheng)。夏(xia)季(ji)控制追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。秋季(ji)結(jie)合(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),每兩(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或腐熟(shu)人糞尿(niao),每667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)施(shi)氮、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)(15:15:15)復(fu)(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg,或烏金膏沖施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10—15升(sheng)。農(nong)事操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo),返青前,及(ji)早清(qing)除(chu)(chu)雜(za)(za)草及(ji)枯枝爛葉(xie)(xie),耬(lou)平(ping)(ping)畦(qi)面(mian),整理畦(qi)埂。中(zhong)(zhong)耕松土(tu),隨(sui)(sui)著韭菜(cai)(cai)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang),出現跳根(gen),應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)培土(tu),每年一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),培土(tu)厚度2cm左(zuo)右。及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)除(chu)(chu)幼(you)(you)嫩花(hua)苔,在雨(yu)季(ji)應(ying)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)澇。
4.產品收(shou)(shou)獲及產后處(chu)理規定收(shou)(shou)獲:當株高30cm—50cm;平均(jun)單(dan)株有5片—6片葉(xie),每茬(cha)生(sheng)育(yu)期25天(tian)(tian)以上,春韭(jiu)從返青到第(di)(di)一(yi)刀約(yue)需(xu)50天(tian)(tian),第(di)(di)二刀30天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右。為便于包裝運輸,收(shou)(shou)割韭(jiu)菜宜在傍晚進行。收(shou)(shou)韭(jiu)菜刀口距(ju)地表(biao)應貼地表(biao)收(shou)(shou)割,每次收(shou)(shou)割后用耙子把地耙一(yi)遍,3天(tian)(tian)后韭(jiu)菜傷口愈(yu)合,新葉(xie)即將(jiang)出時澆水追肥。
5.病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):病(bing)害防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)要掌握預防(fang)為(wei)主、綜合治(zhi)(zhi)理的(de)原則,播(bo)(bo)種前(qian)應清除田間(jian)雜草(cao)和枯(ku)枝(zhi)爛葉,種子在(zai)播(bo)(bo)種前(qian)進行消毒(du);增施有機肥(fei)(fei),及時(shi)澆水(shui)(shui)追肥(fei)(fei),補磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei),少施氮肥(fei)(fei),養(yang)好(hao)茬;拱棚(peng)溫室栽培注意通風排濕(shi);應用(yong)(yong)無(wu)滴膜或(huo)及時(shi)除霧滴,降低濕(shi)度(du)。灰(hui)霉(mei)(mei)(mei)病(bing)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):澆地前(qian)后各噴(pen)(pen)(pen)打一次(ci)(ci)25%菌思奇(qi)預防(fang),每畝(mu)100ml兌水(shui)(shui)30—50公斤(jin)(jin);拱棚(peng)發病(bing)初(chu)期(qi)每667平方米用(yong)(yong)10%腐霉(mei)(mei)(mei)利(li)煙劑(ji)(ji)300g熏蒸一夜。發病(bing)初(chu)每隔(ge)5天(tian)—7天(tian)用(yong)(yong)25%菌思奇(qi)+50%速(su)克靈(福美利(li))混合噴(pen)(pen)(pen)打,每次(ci)(ci)收(shou)后蓋土(tu)前(qian)都要噴(pen)(pen)(pen),也(ye)可(ke)交替使(shi)用(yong)(yong)50%速(su)克靈或(huo)50%撲(pu)海因1000—1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)施家樂或(huo)65%硫菌霉(mei)(mei)(mei)可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧。疫病(bing)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):預防(fang)為(wei)主。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施50%甲霜銅可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)72.2%普(pu)力(li)克水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)72%霜霉(mei)(mei)(mei)威(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)60%琥乙磷(lin)鋁可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)隔(ge)8天(tian)—10天(tian)一次(ci)(ci),連續防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)2次(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)。收(shou)獲前(qian)15天(tian)停止用(yong)(yong)藥。韭蛆防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):播(bo)(bo)前(qian) 播(bo)(bo)前(qian)每畝(mu)撒(sa)入1.1苦參堿粉劑(ji)(ji)3公斤(jin)(jin)或(huo)2%二嗪磷(lin)顆粒劑(ji)(ji)2公斤(jin)(jin),再(zai)耕翻(fan),持效期(qi)長。成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)羽化(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)(sheng)期(qi):(4月中下旬,6月上旬,7月中下旬及10月中),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)40%辛硫磷(lin)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)菊(ju)酯(zhi)類(lei)農藥如2.5%敵殺死(si)2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)。上午(wu)9時(shi)—11時(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)藥效果最好(hao)。收(shou)獲前(qian)15天(tian)停止用(yong)(yong)藥。灌(guan)根:苗期(qi)韭蛆防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)合灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)進行。每667平方米用(yong)(yong)1.3%苦參堿水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)3kg—4kg,或(huo)40%毒(du)死(si)椑1000ml,或(huo)50%二嗪磷(lin)乳(ru)油(you)1000ml,或(huo)40%辛硫磷(lin)乳(ru)油(you)1000ml,先(xian)用(yong)(yong)去(qu)掉噴(pen)(pen)(pen)頭的(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧器順韭菜根部灌(guan)藥,隨后澆水(shui)(shui)。在(zai)韭菜收(shou)割(ge)2天(tian)—3天(tian)后,隨第二次(ci)(ci)澆水(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)上述方法灌(guan)根或(huo)用(yong)(yong)25%愛卡士乳(ru)油(you)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)47%樂斯本乳(ru)油(you)500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)潑澆。潛葉蠅(ying)(ying)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):在(zai)產卵盛(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)至幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)卵孵化(hua)(hua)初(chu)期(qi),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)75%滅蠅(ying)(ying)胺5000—7000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye),或(huo)2.5%溴(xiu)氰菊(ju)酯(zhi)等菊(ju)酯(zhi)類(lei)農藥1500—2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)。薊馬防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):在(zai)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)盛(sheng)(sheng)期(qi),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)啉4000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye),或(huo)3%啶蟲(chong)(chong)脒3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye),或(huo)20%丁硫克百威(wei)(wei)2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)。