一.產品介紹
連伯韭(jiu)菜(cai)分(fen)布(bu)于山(shan)西省南部河(he)津市陽村(cun)(cun)鄉的連伯村(cun)(cun)、永(yong)安村(cun)(cun)、太(tai)陽村(cun)(cun)、郭(guo)家莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)、峻嶺村(cun)(cun)5個行(xing)政村(cun)(cun),地域保護(hu)范圍東經(jing)110°32′16″~110°32′20″,北緯35°08′18″~35°08′22″,認證面積2000公(gong)頃(qing),年產量12萬(wan)噸。 連伯韭(jiu)菜(cai)種植歷史悠久,根壯葉肥、葉皮寬(kuan)厚無絲、白(bai)桿粗長(chang),吃起來(lai)辣(la)中帶(dai)甜,清(qing)香(xiang)可口,非常清(qing)脆,一掐就斷不帶(dai)絲。經(jing)鑒定,連伯韭(jiu)菜(cai)每100克含蛋白(bai)質2.40-2.94g、脂(zhi)肪0.40-0.49g、碳水化合物3.32-4.60g、膳食纖維1.24-1.40g。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)地貌:土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中性,PH值8.19,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)形成(cheng)和分布因過去受河(he)水(shui)泛濫(lan),造(zao)成(cheng)耕(geng)地土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)主要有(you)兩大(da)(da)類,其中優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)腰粘耕(geng)種(zhong)淺(qian)(qian)色草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu))表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)易耕(geng)種(zhong),粘土(tu)(tu)(tu)層能(neng)托(tuo)水(shui)托(tuo)肥,阻(zu)隔鹽(yan)分的(de)占70%以上(shang);較差土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(通體砂(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)耕(geng)種(zhong)淺(qian)(qian)色草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu))土(tu)(tu)(tu)層松散、無結構(gou),通透性強,保水(shui)保肥性差的(de)約30%。據土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥站測(ce)定,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)養分平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)值:有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達到18.33g/kg,全N0.73/kg,堿解氮57.69mg/kg,速P14.23mg/kg,速K251.92mg/kg;有(you)效(xiao)銅1.22 mg/kg,有(you)效(xiao)鋅1.59mg/kg,水(shui)溶(rong)態硼1.14mg/kg,有(you)效(xiao)硫29.00mg/kg。特殊的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)適合生(sheng)產韭(jiu)菜,無可替代。水(shui)文情況(kuang):河(he)津市黃(huang)(huang)河(he)灘地處汾、黃(huang)(huang)兩河(he)交(jiao)匯處,水(shui)域面(mian)積(ji)大(da)(da),地下水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源豐富,井灌發達,灌溉(gai)水(shui)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)符合無公害食(shi)品相應標準的(de)要求,水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量合格,極(ji)有(you)利于優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韭(jiu)菜生(sheng)產。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):河(he)津黃(huang)(huang)河(he)灘地處華(hua)北(bei)(bei)高原,位于山西省南部 ,地勢平(ping)坦,南靠黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)高原坡式(shi)地帶,北(bei)(bei)依呂(lv)梁山末端禹門口,屬大(da)(da)陸(lu)溫(wen)(wen)帶季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,四季分明、光(guang)、熱資(zi)(zi)源豐富,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)海(hai)拔360米(mi),境內氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和,年均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14度, 晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)差13℃,一(yi)月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)4度,最熱月(yue)份七(qi)月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)27度,年均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨量550毫米(mi),全年≥10℃可利用積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)3830—4060℃之(zhi)間,無霜期200天。年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日照時數(shu)2060.6小(xiao)時,光(guang)熱資(zi)(zi)源豐富,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)差較大(da)(da),自然條件獨(du)特,是(shi)韭(jiu)菜生(sheng)長的(de)優勢區域。
三.地域范圍
根據(ju)《農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)志登(deng)記管理(li)辦法(fa)》的規定以及連伯韭(jiu)菜特有的自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境條(tiao)件(jian),在(zai)廣(guang)泛征求(qiu)意見的基礎上,劃定市連伯韭(jiu)菜地(di)理(li)標(biao)志地(di)域保護范(fan)圍:位(wei)于山西(xi)省(sheng)南部河(he)津市陽村(cun)(cun)鄉的連伯村(cun)(cun)、永安村(cun)(cun),太陽村(cun)(cun),郭家(jia)莊村(cun)(cun)、峻嶺村(cun)(cun)5個行政(zheng)村(cun)(cun)。總生(sheng)產(chan)面積2000公頃,年(nian)總產(chan)量為(wei)12萬(wan)噸。保護范(fan)圍位(wei)于東經110°32′16〞-110°32′20〞,北緯35°8′18〞-35°8′22〞,南北長(chang)7公里(li)(li),東西(xi)寬(kuan)9公里(li)(li)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)(te)色(se)外觀特(te)(te)征連伯韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)位于黃(huang)河灘沙地,加上其(qi)獨特(te)(te)的種植(zhi)技(ji)術,使連伯韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)不同于其(qi)它地方(fang),吃起來辣中帶甜,清(qing)香可口,非常(chang)清(qing)脆,一掐就斷不帶絲(si),已(yi)經(jing)(jing)形(xing)成“連伯韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)”的品(pin)質優勢。連伯韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)根壯(zhuang)葉肥、葉皮寬厚無(wu)絲(si)、白桿(gan)粗長。內(nei)在品(pin)質經(jing)(jing)鑒定,連伯韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)每00克含(han)總膳食(shi)(shi)纖維(wei)≥3.2-4.9 g、鈣9.0-4.0毫(hao)克、磷8.0-4.0毫(hao)克、鐵2.4-3.0毫(hao)克。韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)有(you)補肝、腎(shen)之功(gong)能(neng),號(hao)(hao)稱(cheng)“壯(zhuang)陽草”。另外,韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)中含(han)有(you)大量(liang)的鈣、磷、鐵、膳食(shi)(shi)纖維(wei)和維(wei)生素c,尤其(qi)是維(wei)生素c的含(han)量(liang)是西(xi)紅柿(shi)四倍,多(duo)吃韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai),有(you)利于健康。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安全規范嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)GB485農藥(yao)(yao)安全使用(yong)標準(zhun)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)GB/T8所(suo)有(you)部分農藥(yao)(yao)合理(li)使用(yong)準(zhun)則嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)GB8079農作物種子嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)農辦(ban)質【2012】8號(hao)(hao)無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)(shi)品(pin)韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)NY500無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)(shi)品(pin)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境條件規范生產(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu),完善檔案,做(zuo)好(hao)檢測嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)按照農委統一印制的農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)建(jian)立地理(li)標志農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)連伯韭(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)的生產(chan)(chan)檔案,詳細記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)投入(ru)品(pin)的采購地、名稱(cheng)、用(yong)量(liang)方(fang)法、注意事項(xiang)等,并對各個生產(chan)(chan)環(huan)節所(suo)采取的技(ji)術措(cuo)施嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)按照無(wu)公(gong)害標準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術規程進行(xing)并做(zuo)好(hao)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)。對每批(pi)商品(pin)要嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)巡檢和抽樣檢查(cha),并按農戶編號(hao)(hao)做(zuo)好(hao)登記(ji)(ji),嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)準(zhun)出和市場準(zhun)入(ru)制度(du)。
五.特定生產方式
連伯韭菜在地塊選(xuan)擇(ze)、品種選(xuan)擇(ze)、栽培(pei)、肥水管理、病蟲害防治和割(ge)菜、包裝等生產過程中(zhong)嚴(yan)格執行無(wu)公(gong)害韭菜標準化生產技術操作規(gui)程。
1.產地(di)(di)選擇與特(te)殊內(nei)容規(gui)定選擇平整地(di)(di)塊,中等肥力土(tu)(tu)壤(有機質10g/kg—20g/kg,全氮0.7g/kg—1.2g/kg,有效磷10mg/kg—20mg/kg,速效鉀100mg/kg—200mg/kg)每667平方米撒施腐熟(shu)的(de)優質農家肥6000kg、氮、磷、鉀(15:15:15)復合肥50kg做底肥,精(jing)耕細作(zuo),使土(tu)(tu)肥均(jun)勻(yun),土(tu)(tu)壤細碎。做畦一般寬1.8m—2m,長度因地(di)(di)而定。
2.品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇與(yu)特定要求選(xuan)用耐寒、耐熱、抗病(bing)、分株力強、產量高、商品性好的(de)優良品種(zhong)(zhong),拱棚和日光(guang)溫室(shi)栽培應選(xuan)擇休眠期短的(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)。如連伯紅根(gen)韭、寒青、平韭2號、高桿環等。選(xuan)晴好天(tian)(tian)氣,曬種(zhong)(zhong)1天(tian)(tian),每667平方米用種(zhong)(zhong)1kg—1.5kg。在(zai)播種(zhong)(zhong)前4天(tian)(tian)—5天(tian)(tian),把種(zhong)(zhong)子放入10%磷酸三(san)鈉溶液中浸泡20min,撈出(chu)洗(xi)(xi)凈,然后再在(zai)30℃—40℃溫水(shui)(shui)中攪拌,使水(shui)(shui)溫降至(zhi)15℃—18℃,消除癟籽,浸泡24h(中途(tu)換水(shui)(shui)1次—2次)。出(chu)水(shui)(shui)時(shi)搓洗(xi)(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)子,稍(shao)晾干后用濕布(bu)包(bao)裹(guo),放在(zai)15℃—18℃的(de)地方催芽,每天(tian)(tian)用清水(shui)(shui)淘洗(xi)(xi),經2天(tian)(tian)—3天(tian)(tian)胚(pei)根(gen)伸出(chu)。
3.生產(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong):采用(yong)撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)和條(tiao)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)口墑好。撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)是將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)均勻播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)于(yu)畦(qi)(qi)內,秧(yang)苗整齊一(yi)(yi)致,條(tiao)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)是將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)行(xing)距(ju)(ju)(ju)10cm—12cm,寬(kuan)2cm,深(shen)1.5cm—2cm的(de)淺溝中(zhong),便于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。化學除草(cao)(cao):種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)每(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)用(yong)30%除草(cao)(cao)通乳油100—150ml,噴(pen)灑封(feng)(feng)閉除草(cao)(cao)。幼(you)苗管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li):前期(qi)(qi)促苗,后(hou)期(qi)(qi)蹲苗;清(qing)除雜(za)草(cao)(cao);輕澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、勤澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),保(bao)持(chi)見(jian)干(gan)見(jian)濕,加強(qiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li);結(jie)合(he)(he)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素(su)8kg—10kg;人工拔草(cao)(cao)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci);防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)韭(jiu)蛆;定(ding)植(zhi)前一(yi)(yi)般(ban)不(bu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)割(ge)(ge),以促進(jin)壯苗養(yang)根(gen)。定(ding)植(zhi):定(ding)植(zhi)前施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與作(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi)(qi),施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)要(yao)做到(dao)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和無機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配(pei)合(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。每(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)充分腐熟的(de)圈肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)6000kg,氮、磷、鉀(15:15:15)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50kg,施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)整地作(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi)(qi),畦(qi)(qi)寬(kuan)因栽培(pei)習慣和薄膜(mo)幅寬(kuan)而異。韭(jiu)菜定(ding)植(zhi)時(shi)間,根(gen)據播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)和幼(you)苗大(da)小而定(ding),韭(jiu)菜株(zhu)高18cm—20cm時(shi)為定(ding)植(zhi)的(de)適期(qi)(qi)。春(chun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)大(da)約在(zai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)70天(tian)(tian)—80天(tian)(tian)定(ding)植(zhi),秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)第二年(nian)清(qing)明以后(hou)定(ding)植(zhi)。選擇壯苗,淘汰弱苗;合(he)(he)理(li)密植(zhi),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)行(xing)距(ju)(ju)(ju)20cm、穴距(ju)(ju)(ju)12cm—15cm,每(mei)(mei)穴10株(zhu)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右;適當(dang)深(shen)栽,覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)深(shen)度(du)以葉(xie)(xie)鞘露出(chu)地面(mian)2cm—3cm為宜(yi)(不(bu)埋住分蘗節,)隨(sui)著(zhu)植(zhi)株(zhu)生長(chang)和根(gen)系上(shang)移(yi)逐漸封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu),防(fang)(fang)止跳(tiao)根(gen)。定(ding)植(zhi)后(hou)第一(yi)(yi)年(nian)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li):澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),前期(qi)(qi)及時(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)定(ding)植(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)8次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—12次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),以保(bao)證幼(you)株(zhu)成活。中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)當(dang)幼(you)苗發(fa)生新根(gen)新葉(xie)(xie)時(shi),再(zai)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。后(hou)期(qi)(qi)是韭(jiu)菜葉(xie)(xie)片生長(chang)的(de)最適時(shi)期(qi)(qi),分蘗力(li)強(qiang),生長(chang)旺盛,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)(mei)7天(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。封(feng)(feng)凍(dong)前澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)足封(feng)(feng)凍(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)植(zhi)當(dang)年(nian)著(zhu)重“養(yang)根(gen)壯秧(yang)”,不(bu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)割(ge)(ge),如(ru)有韭(jiu)花(hua)應(ying)及時(shi)摘除。追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),在(zai)韭(jiu)菜葉(xie)(xie)片生長(chang)旺盛期(qi)(qi),結(jie)合(he)(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素(su)10kg—15kg,著(zhu)重養(yang)根(gen)壯棵。農事操作(zuo)(zuo),蹲苗前中(zhong)耕1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),深(shen)度(du)3cm,雨(yu)季(ji)連續(xu)中(zhong)耕2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),及時(shi)人工清(qing)除田間雜(za)草(cao)(cao)。第二年(nian)及以后(hou)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li) :澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),春(chun)季(ji)及時(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)返(fan)青水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),夏(xia)季(ji)減少澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),注(zhu)意(yi)防(fang)(fang)澇,秋季(ji)每(mei)(mei)7天(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),封(feng)(feng)凍(dong)前適時(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)足封(feng)(feng)凍(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)收(shou)(shou)(shou)割(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)隨(sui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)割(ge)(ge)后(hou)3天(tian)(tian)—4天(tian)(tian),新葉(xie)(xie)長(chang)出(chu)后(hou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入,量宜(yi)小,當(dang)葉(xie)(xie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)長(chang)到(dao)12cm左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右,再(zai)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),量可以稍大(da)。忌收(shou)(shou)(shou)割(ge)(ge)后(hou)立即(ji)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),引起肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)危(wei)害。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮、磷、鉀(15:15:15)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg,或烏(wu)金膏(gao)沖(chong)(chong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10—15升。夏(xia)季(ji)控制(zhi)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。秋季(ji)結(jie)合(he)(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),每(mei)(mei)兩(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或腐熟人糞尿(niao),每(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮、磷、鉀(15:15:15)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg,或烏(wu)金膏(gao)沖(chong)(chong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10—15升。農事操作(zuo)(zuo),返(fan)青前,及早清(qing)除雜(za)草(cao)(cao)及枯枝爛葉(xie)(xie),耬平畦(qi)(qi)面(mian),整理(li)畦(qi)(qi)埂。中(zhong)耕松土(tu)(tu),隨(sui)著(zhu)韭(jiu)菜的(de)生長(chang),出(chu)現跳(tiao)根(gen),應(ying)及時(shi)培(pei)土(tu)(tu),每(mei)(mei)年(nian)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),培(pei)土(tu)(tu)厚(hou)度(du)2cm左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右。及時(shi)摘除幼(you)嫩花(hua)苔,在(zai)雨(yu)季(ji)應(ying)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)澇。
4.產品收(shou)獲(huo)及(ji)產后處(chu)理規(gui)定收(shou)獲(huo):當株(zhu)高(gao)30cm—50cm;平均(jun)單株(zhu)有5片(pian)—6片(pian)葉,每(mei)茬生育期25天以上,春韭(jiu)從(cong)返青到(dao)第一(yi)(yi)刀(dao)約需50天,第二刀(dao)30天左右(you)。為便于包(bao)裝運輸(shu),收(shou)割(ge)(ge)韭(jiu)菜(cai)宜在傍晚進行。收(shou)韭(jiu)菜(cai)刀(dao)口距地表(biao)應貼地表(biao)收(shou)割(ge)(ge),每(mei)次收(shou)割(ge)(ge)后用耙子把地耙一(yi)(yi)遍(bian),3天后韭(jiu)菜(cai)傷口愈合,新(xin)葉即將出(chu)時澆(jiao)水追肥。
5.病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):病(bing)(bing)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)掌握預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為主、綜合治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理的原則,播種前(qian)(qian)(qian)應(ying)清除田間雜草和(he)枯枝爛葉,種子在播種前(qian)(qian)(qian)進行(xing)消毒(du);增施有(you)機肥(fei),及時(shi)澆(jiao)水追肥(fei),補(bu)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei),少(shao)施氮肥(fei),養好茬(cha);拱棚溫室栽培(pei)注意通風排濕(shi);應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無滴膜或(huo)及時(shi)除霧(wu)(wu)(wu)滴,降(jiang)低濕(shi)度(du)。灰(hui)霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):澆(jiao)地前(qian)(qian)(qian)后各噴打(da)一次25%菌(jun)思(si)(si)奇(qi)預防(fang)(fang)(fang),每(mei)畝(mu)100ml兌水30—50公(gong)斤(jin);拱棚發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)667平方(fang)米用(yong)(yong)(yong)10%腐霉(mei)(mei)利(li)煙劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)300g熏(xun)蒸一夜(ye)。發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)初每(mei)隔5天(tian)(tian)(tian)—7天(tian)(tian)(tian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)25%菌(jun)思(si)(si)奇(qi)+50%速(su)克(ke)(ke)靈(ling)(福(fu)美利(li))混合噴打(da),每(mei)次收(shou)后蓋土前(qian)(qian)(qian)都要(yao)噴,也(ye)可(ke)(ke)交(jiao)替(ti)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)50%速(su)克(ke)(ke)靈(ling)或(huo)50%撲(pu)海因1000—1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)施家樂或(huo)65%硫菌(jun)霉(mei)(mei)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)噴霧(wu)(wu)(wu)。疫病(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為主。噴施50%甲霜(shuang)銅可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)72.2%普力克(ke)(ke)水劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)72%霜(shuang)霉(mei)(mei)威(wei)(wei)水劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)60%琥乙磷(lin)鋁可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)隔8天(tian)(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)(tian)一次,連續防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2次—3次。收(shou)獲前(qian)(qian)(qian)15天(tian)(tian)(tian)停止(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)。韭(jiu)蛆防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):播前(qian)(qian)(qian) 播前(qian)(qian)(qian)每(mei)畝(mu)撒入(ru)1.1苦(ku)參堿粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3公(gong)斤(jin)或(huo)2%二(er)嗪(qin)磷(lin)顆粒劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)2公(gong)斤(jin),再耕翻,持效期(qi)(qi)(qi)長。成蟲羽化盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi):(4月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun),6月(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun),7月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun)及10月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)),噴40%辛(xin)硫磷(lin)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)菊酯(zhi)類農藥(yao)如2.5%敵殺死2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)(shang)午9時(shi)—11時(shi)噴藥(yao)效果(guo)最好。收(shou)獲前(qian)(qian)(qian)15天(tian)(tian)(tian)停止(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)。灌(guan)(guan)根(gen)(gen):苗期(qi)(qi)(qi)韭(jiu)蛆防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)合灌(guan)(guan)水進行(xing)。每(mei)667平方(fang)米用(yong)(yong)(yong)1.3%苦(ku)參堿水劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3kg—4kg,或(huo)40%毒(du)死椑(bei)1000ml,或(huo)50%二(er)嗪(qin)磷(lin)乳(ru)油1000ml,或(huo)40%辛(xin)硫磷(lin)乳(ru)油1000ml,先用(yong)(yong)(yong)去掉噴頭的噴霧(wu)(wu)(wu)器順韭(jiu)菜根(gen)(gen)部灌(guan)(guan)藥(yao),隨后澆(jiao)水。在韭(jiu)菜收(shou)割2天(tian)(tian)(tian)—3天(tian)(tian)(tian)后,隨第二(er)次澆(jiao)水用(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)(shang)述(shu)方(fang)法灌(guan)(guan)根(gen)(gen)或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)25%愛卡士乳(ru)油1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)47%樂斯本(ben)乳(ru)油500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)潑澆(jiao)。潛(qian)葉蠅(ying)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):在產卵(luan)盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)至幼蟲卵(luan)孵化初期(qi)(qi)(qi),噴75%滅蠅(ying)胺5000—7000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)2.5%溴氰菊酯(zhi)等菊酯(zhi)類農藥(yao)1500—2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。薊馬防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):在幼蟲發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi),噴10%吡蟲啉4000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)3%啶蟲脒3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)20%丁(ding)硫克(ke)(ke)百(bai)威(wei)(wei)2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。