一.產品介紹
連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)菜分布于山西省南(nan)部河津(jin)市陽村(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)的連(lian)伯(bo)村(cun)(cun)、永安村(cun)(cun)、太陽村(cun)(cun)、郭(guo)家(jia)莊村(cun)(cun)、峻嶺村(cun)(cun)5個(ge)行政村(cun)(cun),地域保護范圍東經110°32′16″~110°32′20″,北緯35°08′18″~35°08′22″,認(ren)證面積2000公頃(qing),年產量12萬噸(dun)。 連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)菜種植歷史悠久,根壯葉肥、葉皮寬(kuan)厚(hou)無絲、白桿粗長,吃起來辣中帶甜(tian),清香(xiang)可口(kou),非常清脆,一掐就(jiu)斷不(bu)帶絲。經鑒定(ding),連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)菜每100克含蛋白質(zhi)2.40-2.94g、脂肪0.40-0.49g、碳水化合物3.32-4.60g、膳食(shi)纖維1.24-1.40g。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌:土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中性(xing),PH值8.19,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)形成(cheng)和分布因過去受(shou)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泛濫,造成(cheng)耕(geng)地(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)大類(lei),其中優(you)(you)質土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(砂(sha)(sha)壤(rang)腰(yao)粘(zhan)耕(geng)種淺色草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu))表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)砂(sha)(sha)壤(rang)易(yi)耕(geng)種,粘(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層能托(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)托(tuo)肥,阻隔鹽(yan)分的(de)(de)占70%以(yi)上;較(jiao)差(cha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(通(tong)體砂(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)耕(geng)種淺色草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu))土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層松散、無結構,通(tong)透性(xing)強,保水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保肥性(xing)差(cha)的(de)(de)約30%。據土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肥站(zhan)測定,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)養分平均(jun)(jun)值:有(you)(you)機質達到(dao)18.33g/kg,全(quan)N0.73/kg,堿解氮57.69mg/kg,速(su)P14.23mg/kg,速(su)K251.92mg/kg;有(you)(you)效(xiao)銅1.22 mg/kg,有(you)(you)效(xiao)鋅(xin)1.59mg/kg,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶態硼1.14mg/kg,有(you)(you)效(xiao)硫29.00mg/kg。特殊的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)適合生(sheng)產韭菜,無可(ke)替(ti)代。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:河津(jin)(jin)市黃(huang)(huang)河灘(tan)地(di)處(chu)汾、黃(huang)(huang)兩(liang)(liang)河交匯處(chu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)面(mian)積大,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)豐富,井灌(guan)發達,灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)均(jun)(jun)符合無公害食品相(xiang)應(ying)標(biao)準的(de)(de)要求(qiu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質質量合格,極有(you)(you)利于優(you)(you)質韭菜生(sheng)產。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況:河津(jin)(jin)黃(huang)(huang)河灘(tan)地(di)處(chu)華北高(gao)原,位于山(shan)西省南部(bu) ,地(di)勢平坦(tan),南靠黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)高(gao)原坡(po)式(shi)地(di)帶,北依呂梁山(shan)末端禹門(men)口,屬(shu)大陸溫帶季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou),四季分明(ming)、光、熱(re)資源(yuan)豐富,平均(jun)(jun)海拔360米,境內(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫和,年均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫14度(du), 晝夜(ye)溫差(cha)13℃,一月平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫4度(du),最(zui)熱(re)月份七月平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫27度(du),年均(jun)(jun)降雨量550毫米,全(quan)年≥10℃可(ke)利用積溫在(zai)3830—4060℃之間,無霜期200天。年平均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)數2060.6小時(shi),光熱(re)資源(yuan)豐富,晝夜(ye)溫差(cha)較(jiao)大,自(zi)然條件獨(du)特,是(shi)韭菜生(sheng)長的(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢區(qu)域(yu)。
三.地域范圍
根據《農產品地(di)理標志登記管理辦法》的規定以及連伯韭菜特(te)有的自(zi)然生態環境(jing)條件(jian),在(zai)廣泛征求意見的基礎(chu)上,劃定市(shi)連伯韭菜地(di)理標志地(di)域保(bao)護范圍(wei):位(wei)于(yu)山(shan)西省(sheng)南部河(he)津市(shi)陽(yang)村鄉(xiang)的連伯村、永安村,太陽(yang)村,郭家莊村、峻嶺村5個(ge)行政村。總生產面積2000公(gong)頃,年總產量為12萬噸。保(bao)護范圍(wei)位(wei)于(yu)東經(jing)110°32′16〞-110°32′20〞,北緯(wei)35°8′18〞-35°8′22〞,南北長(chang)7公(gong)里,東西寬9公(gong)里。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質特(te)色外觀特(te)征連(lian)(lian)伯韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)位于(yu)(yu)黃河(he)灘沙地,加(jia)上(shang)其獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)種植(zhi)技(ji)術,使(shi)連(lian)(lian)伯韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)不(bu)同(tong)于(yu)(yu)其它地方(fang),吃(chi)起(qi)來(lai)辣中(zhong)帶甜(tian),清香(xiang)可口,非常(chang)清脆,一掐就斷不(bu)帶絲(si),已經形成“連(lian)(lian)伯韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)”的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質優勢。連(lian)(lian)伯韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)根壯(zhuang)葉肥(fei)、葉皮寬厚無絲(si)、白桿粗長。內在品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質經鑒定,連(lian)(lian)伯韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)每(mei)00克(ke)(ke)含總膳食(shi)纖維(wei)≥3.2-4.9 g、鈣(gai)9.0-4.0毫克(ke)(ke)、磷(lin)8.0-4.0毫克(ke)(ke)、鐵2.4-3.0毫克(ke)(ke)。韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)有補(bu)肝、腎之功能,號稱“壯(zhuang)陽草”。另外,韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)中(zhong)含有大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)鈣(gai)、磷(lin)、鐵、膳食(shi)纖維(wei)和維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)c,尤其是(shi)維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)c的(de)(de)(de)含量(liang)(liang)是(shi)西(xi)紅柿四倍,多吃(chi)韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai),有利于(yu)(yu)健康(kang)。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)安全規范(fan)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)GB485農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)安全使(shi)用(yong)標準(zhun)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)GB/T8所有部分農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)合理使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)則嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)GB8079農(nong)(nong)作物種子嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)辦質【2012】8號無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)NY500無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)蔬菜(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)地環境條件(jian)規范(fan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu),完(wan)善(shan)檔(dang)案,做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)檢(jian)測嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)按(an)(an)照(zhao)(zhao)農(nong)(nong)委統一印(yin)制的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)建立地理標志農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)連(lian)(lian)伯韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)檔(dang)案,詳細記(ji)錄(lu)投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)采購地、名稱、用(yong)量(liang)(liang)方(fang)法、注(zhu)意事項等(deng),并對(dui)各(ge)個生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環節所采取的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術措施嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)按(an)(an)照(zhao)(zhao)無公(gong)害(hai)標準(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術規程(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)并做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)記(ji)錄(lu)。對(dui)每(mei)批商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)要嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)巡(xun)檢(jian)和抽樣檢(jian)查,并按(an)(an)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)編號做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)登記(ji),嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)準(zhun)出和市場準(zhun)入(ru)制度。
五.特(te)定(ding)生(sheng)產(chan)方式
連(lian)伯韭菜(cai)在地塊選(xuan)擇、品種選(xuan)擇、栽培(pei)、肥(fei)水管(guan)理、病蟲害防治(zhi)和割菜(cai)、包裝等生產過程(cheng)中嚴格執行無公(gong)害韭菜(cai)標準化(hua)生產技術操(cao)作規程(cheng)。
1.產地選擇與特殊(shu)內容規定(ding)選擇平整地塊,中等(deng)肥(fei)力土壤(有(you)機質10g/kg—20g/kg,全氮0.7g/kg—1.2g/kg,有(you)效磷10mg/kg—20mg/kg,速效鉀100mg/kg—200mg/kg)每667平方米撒施腐熟的優質農家肥(fei)6000kg、氮、磷、鉀(15:15:15)復合肥(fei)50kg做(zuo)(zuo)底肥(fei),精耕細(xi)作,使土肥(fei)均(jun)勻,土壤細(xi)碎。做(zuo)(zuo)畦一般寬1.8m—2m,長度(du)因地而定(ding)。
2.品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇與特定要求選(xuan)用(yong)耐(nai)寒(han)、耐(nai)熱、抗(kang)病、分株力強(qiang)、產量(liang)高(gao)、商品(pin)(pin)性好(hao)(hao)的(de)優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),拱棚和日光溫(wen)室栽培應選(xuan)擇休(xiu)眠期短的(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。如連伯紅根(gen)韭、寒(han)青(qing)、平韭2號(hao)、高(gao)桿環等。選(xuan)晴好(hao)(hao)天氣(qi),曬(shai)種(zhong)1天,每667平方(fang)(fang)米用(yong)種(zhong)1kg—1.5kg。在(zai)(zai)播種(zhong)前4天—5天,把(ba)種(zhong)子(zi)放入10%磷酸(suan)三鈉溶液中(zhong)浸泡20min,撈出洗(xi)凈(jing),然(ran)后(hou)再在(zai)(zai)30℃—40℃溫(wen)水(shui)中(zhong)攪拌,使(shi)水(shui)溫(wen)降至(zhi)15℃—18℃,消除癟籽,浸泡24h(中(zhong)途換(huan)水(shui)1次(ci)—2次(ci))。出水(shui)時搓洗(xi)種(zhong)子(zi),稍晾(liang)干后(hou)用(yong)濕布包裹,放在(zai)(zai)15℃—18℃的(de)地方(fang)(fang)催芽,每天用(yong)清水(shui)淘(tao)洗(xi),經(jing)2天—3天胚根(gen)伸出。
3.生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程管(guan)理(li)播(bo)(bo)種:采(cai)用(yong)撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)和條播(bo)(bo)兩(liang)種方(fang)(fang)法。播(bo)(bo)種時(shi)土(tu)壤口墑(di)好。撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)是將(jiang)種子(zi)(zi)均勻播(bo)(bo)于(yu)畦(qi)內,秧苗(miao)(miao)整(zheng)齊一(yi)(yi)致,條播(bo)(bo)是將(jiang)種子(zi)(zi)播(bo)(bo)在行距10cm—12cm,寬(kuan)(kuan)2cm,深1.5cm—2cm的(de)淺(qian)溝(gou)中,便(bian)于(yu)管(guan)理(li)。化學(xue)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao):種子(zi)(zi)播(bo)(bo)種后每(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米用(yong)30%除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)通乳油100—150ml,噴灑封(feng)(feng)閉除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。幼(you)苗(miao)(miao)管(guan)理(li):前(qian)期(qi)(qi)促苗(miao)(miao),后期(qi)(qi)蹲苗(miao)(miao);清(qing)除(chu)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao);輕澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、勤澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),保持(chi)見干見濕,加強肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li);結(jie)合灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米施(shi)尿(niao)(niao)素8kg—10kg;人工(gong)拔草(cao)(cao)(cao)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci);防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治韭(jiu)(jiu)蛆(qu);定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)不(bu)收割,以(yi)促進壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)養根(gen)(gen)(gen)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)與作畦(qi),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)要做到有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)和無機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)配合施(shi)用(yong)。每(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米施(shi)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)腐熟的(de)圈肥(fei)(fei)(fei)6000kg,氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)(15:15:15)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)50kg,施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)后整(zheng)地作畦(qi),畦(qi)寬(kuan)(kuan)因栽培習慣和薄膜(mo)幅寬(kuan)(kuan)而異。韭(jiu)(jiu)菜定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)間,根(gen)(gen)(gen)據播(bo)(bo)種期(qi)(qi)和幼(you)苗(miao)(miao)大小而定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),韭(jiu)(jiu)菜株(zhu)高(gao)18cm—20cm時(shi)為定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)適(shi)期(qi)(qi)。春播(bo)(bo)大約在播(bo)(bo)種后70天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)—80天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)在第二年(nian)清(qing)明以(yi)后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。選擇(ze)壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao),淘汰弱苗(miao)(miao);合理(li)密植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)行距20cm、穴(xue)距12cm—15cm,每(mei)穴(xue)10株(zhu)左(zuo)右;適(shi)當(dang)深栽,覆土(tu)深度(du)以(yi)葉(xie)(xie)鞘露出地面2cm—3cm為宜(不(bu)埋住分(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)節,)隨(sui)著(zhu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)和根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)上移逐(zhu)漸封(feng)(feng)土(tu),防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止跳根(gen)(gen)(gen)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后第一(yi)(yi)年(nian)的(de)管(guan)理(li):澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),前(qian)期(qi)(qi)及(ji)時(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)8次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—12次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),以(yi)保證幼(you)株(zhu)成活(huo)。中期(qi)(qi)當(dang)幼(you)苗(miao)(miao)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新根(gen)(gen)(gen)新葉(xie)(xie)時(shi),再澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。后期(qi)(qi)是韭(jiu)(jiu)菜葉(xie)(xie)片生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)最適(shi)時(shi)期(qi)(qi),分(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)力(li)強,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺盛(sheng),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每(mei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。封(feng)(feng)凍前(qian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)足封(feng)(feng)凍水(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)當(dang)年(nian)著(zhu)重“養根(gen)(gen)(gen)壯(zhuang)秧”,不(bu)收割,如有韭(jiu)(jiu)花應及(ji)時(shi)摘除(chu)。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),在韭(jiu)(jiu)菜葉(xie)(xie)片生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi),結(jie)合澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米追(zhui)施(shi)尿(niao)(niao)素10kg—15kg,著(zhu)重養根(gen)(gen)(gen)壯(zhuang)棵。農事操(cao)作,蹲苗(miao)(miao)前(qian)中耕1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),深度(du)3cm,雨(yu)季連(lian)續中耕2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),及(ji)時(shi)人工(gong)清(qing)除(chu)田間雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。第二年(nian)及(ji)以(yi)后的(de)管(guan)理(li) :澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),春季及(ji)時(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)返青水(shui)(shui)(shui),夏季減(jian)少澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),注意防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)澇,秋(qiu)季每(mei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui),封(feng)(feng)凍前(qian)適(shi)時(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)足封(feng)(feng)凍水(shui)(shui)(shui)。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)收割一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)宜二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)隨(sui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)在收割后3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)—4天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),新葉(xie)(xie)長(chang)出后施(shi)入,量(liang)宜小,當(dang)葉(xie)(xie)子(zi)(zi)長(chang)到12cm左(zuo)右,再追(zhui)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),量(liang)可以(yi)稍大。忌(ji)收割后立即追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),引起肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)危害。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米米施(shi)氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)(15:15:15)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg,或(huo)(huo)烏金膏沖施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10—15升。夏季控制追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。秋(qiu)季結(jie)合澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),每(mei)兩(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)腐熟人糞(fen)尿(niao)(niao),每(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米施(shi)氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)(15:15:15)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg,或(huo)(huo)烏金膏沖施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10—15升。農事操(cao)作,返青前(qian),及(ji)早清(qing)除(chu)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)及(ji)枯枝爛(lan)葉(xie)(xie),耬(lou)平(ping)(ping)畦(qi)面,整(zheng)理(li)畦(qi)埂。中耕松土(tu),隨(sui)著(zhu)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),出現跳根(gen)(gen)(gen),應及(ji)時(shi)培土(tu),每(mei)年(nian)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),培土(tu)厚(hou)度(du)2cm左(zuo)右。及(ji)時(shi)摘除(chu)幼(you)嫩花苔,在雨(yu)季應排水(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)澇。
4.產品收(shou)獲及產后處理規定收(shou)獲:當株高30cm—50cm;平均單株有5片—6片葉,每(mei)茬生育(yu)期(qi)25天以上,春韭(jiu)從返青(qing)到第(di)一(yi)刀約需50天,第(di)二刀30天左右。為(wei)便于(yu)包裝(zhuang)運輸(shu),收(shou)割(ge)韭(jiu)菜(cai)宜在傍(bang)晚進(jin)行(xing)。收(shou)韭(jiu)菜(cai)刀口距地(di)表(biao)應貼(tie)地(di)表(biao)收(shou)割(ge),每(mei)次收(shou)割(ge)后用(yong)耙子把地(di)耙一(yi)遍(bian),3天后韭(jiu)菜(cai)傷口愈合,新葉即將出(chu)時澆(jiao)水追肥。
5.病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):病(bing)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)要掌握預(yu)(yu)防(fang)(fang)為主、綜合治(zhi)理的原則,播種前(qian)(qian)(qian)應清(qing)除田間雜(za)草和(he)枯枝爛(lan)葉(xie),種子在(zai)播種前(qian)(qian)(qian)進行消毒;增施有(you)機肥(fei),及(ji)時澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)追肥(fei),補磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei),少施氮(dan)肥(fei),養(yang)好茬(cha);拱(gong)棚(peng)溫室栽培注意(yi)通(tong)風排濕;應用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)滴(di)膜(mo)或(huo)(huo)(huo)及(ji)時除霧滴(di),降(jiang)低濕度。灰霉(mei)病(bing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):澆(jiao)地前(qian)(qian)(qian)后各噴(pen)(pen)(pen)打一(yi)次(ci)25%菌(jun)思奇預(yu)(yu)防(fang)(fang),每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)100ml兌水(shui)(shui)30—50公(gong)斤;拱(gong)棚(peng)發病(bing)初(chu)期(qi)每(mei)667平方(fang)米用(yong)(yong)(yong)10%腐霉(mei)利(li)煙(yan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)300g熏蒸一(yi)夜(ye)。發病(bing)初(chu)每(mei)隔(ge)5天(tian)—7天(tian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)25%菌(jun)思奇+50%速(su)克(ke)靈(福美利(li))混(hun)合噴(pen)(pen)(pen)打,每(mei)次(ci)收后蓋土前(qian)(qian)(qian)都要噴(pen)(pen)(pen),也可交替使用(yong)(yong)(yong)50%速(su)克(ke)靈或(huo)(huo)(huo)50%撲(pu)海因(yin)1000—1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)施家樂或(huo)(huo)(huo)65%硫菌(jun)霉(mei)可濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧。疫病(bing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):預(yu)(yu)防(fang)(fang)為主。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施50%甲霜銅可濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)72.2%普力克(ke)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)72%霜霉(mei)威(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)60%琥乙磷(lin)(lin)鋁(lv)可濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)隔(ge)8天(tian)—10天(tian)一(yi)次(ci),連續防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)2次(ci)—3次(ci)。收獲前(qian)(qian)(qian)15天(tian)停止用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)。韭(jiu)蛆(qu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):播前(qian)(qian)(qian) 播前(qian)(qian)(qian)每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)撒(sa)入1.1苦參(can)堿粉劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3公(gong)斤或(huo)(huo)(huo)2%二嗪(qin)磷(lin)(lin)顆粒劑(ji)(ji)(ji)2公(gong)斤,再耕翻,持效(xiao)期(qi)長(chang)。成蟲(chong)羽化盛(sheng)期(qi):(4月(yue)中(zhong)下旬,6月(yue)上旬,7月(yue)中(zhong)下旬及(ji)10月(yue)中(zhong)),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)40%辛(xin)硫磷(lin)(lin)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)菊(ju)酯(zhi)類農藥(yao)如2.5%敵(di)殺死(si)(si)2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。上午9時—11時噴(pen)(pen)(pen)藥(yao)效(xiao)果最(zui)好。收獲前(qian)(qian)(qian)15天(tian)停止用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)。灌(guan)根:苗(miao)期(qi)韭(jiu)蛆(qu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)結合灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)進行。每(mei)667平方(fang)米用(yong)(yong)(yong)1.3%苦參(can)堿水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3kg—4kg,或(huo)(huo)(huo)40%毒死(si)(si)椑1000ml,或(huo)(huo)(huo)50%二嗪(qin)磷(lin)(lin)乳(ru)(ru)油1000ml,或(huo)(huo)(huo)40%辛(xin)硫磷(lin)(lin)乳(ru)(ru)油1000ml,先用(yong)(yong)(yong)去(qu)掉(diao)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)頭的噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧器順韭(jiu)菜根部灌(guan)藥(yao),隨(sui)后澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。在(zai)韭(jiu)菜收割2天(tian)—3天(tian)后,隨(sui)第二次(ci)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)上述方(fang)法灌(guan)根或(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)25%愛卡(ka)士乳(ru)(ru)油1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)47%樂斯(si)本乳(ru)(ru)油500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)潑澆(jiao)。潛葉(xie)蠅(ying)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):在(zai)產卵盛(sheng)期(qi)至幼蟲(chong)卵孵化初(chu)期(qi),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)75%滅蠅(ying)胺5000—7000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)2.5%溴氰菊(ju)酯(zhi)等菊(ju)酯(zhi)類農藥(yao)1500—2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。薊馬防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):在(zai)幼蟲(chong)發生盛(sheng)期(qi),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)10%吡蟲(chong)啉(lin)4000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)3%啶蟲(chong)脒(mi)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)20%丁硫克(ke)百威(wei)(wei)2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。