一.產地環境
忻(xin)(xin)州市地(di)處山(shan)西省北(bei)(bei)中部,東經112°17'~112°58',北(bei)(bei)38°13'~38°41',無霜期(qi)167.1天(tian),平(ping)均地(di)表氣溫14℃~12.8℃,年降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)420-470毫米(mi)。悠(you)久(jiu)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植歷史、獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)地(di)理(li)位(wei)置、地(di)質(zhi)條件(jian)(jian)以及日照、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)等優勢(shi)最適合(he)甜糯玉米(mi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長,其(qi)營養(yang)、糖(tang)(tang)分的(de)(de)積(ji)累聚合(he)和(he)含量(liang)等均優于其(qi)他地(di)區。忻(xin)(xin)州玉米(mi)是秋糧作物,喜光(guang)、喜溫,從播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)出苗到成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)整(zheng)個(ge)生(sheng)長發育(yu)要(yao)求有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)溫度(du)、充足的(de)(de)陽光(guang)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分條件(jian)(jian)。它生(sheng)長發育(yu)的(de)(de)每個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)對氣象條件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)要(yao)求很高(gao),從播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)到出苗需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)少(shao),出苗拔節(jie)期(qi)需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)增加(jia),拔節(jie)期(qi)至抽雄期(qi)需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)大增,灌漿期(qi)及成(cheng)熟期(qi)仍耗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)較(jiao)多,乳熟期(qi)以后需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)逐漸減少(shao),即生(sheng)長發育(yu)對降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求是兩頭(tou)少(shao)中間多,4月(yue)—5月(yue)份需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)少(shao),6月(yue)—8月(yue)需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)最多,9月(yue)份后又較(jiao)少(shao)。忻(xin)(xin)州的(de)(de)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)特(te)點正好與甜糯玉米(mi)生(sheng)長發育(yu)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)特(te)點相(xiang)吻合(he)。忻(xin)(xin)州又屬溫帶(dai)半干旱氣候(hou),其(qi)溫度(du)和(he)光(guang)照條件(jian)(jian)極適宜于甜糯玉米(mi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長發育(yu)所需(xu)(xu)氣象條件(jian)(jian),同時忻(xin)(xin)州晝(zhou)夜溫差(cha)大形成(cheng)甜糯玉米(mi)糖(tang)(tang)份積(ji)累多,香(xiang)甜軟糯,品質(zhi)極佳。忻(xin)(xin)州甜糯玉米(mi)集雜(za)糧、蔬菜、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)果三性為一體(ti),倍(bei)受人們青睞(lai)。
二.品質特點
忻州甜(tian)糯玉米(mi)種類(lei)較多、品質極佳。鮮食甜(tian)糯玉米(mi)又(you)(you)似雜糧、又(you)(you)似蔬菜(cai)、又(you)(you)似水果,是(shi)一(yi)種獨特(te)的新型健康食品;忻州市甜(tian)糯玉米(mi)由于(yu)種植區域無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)間(jian)長(chang)、光(guang)照充足、晝夜溫差較大,因此(ci)糖分積(ji)累多,香甜(tian)軟糯品質好,名列全中國前(qian)茅。另外從(cong)種類(lei)上講不僅有(you)甜(tian)、糯之(zhi)分,速(su)凍與真空包(bao)裝之(zhi)分,鮮穗和鮮粒之(zhi)分,而且有(you)黃、白、黑、紫五彩等多種,尤其(qi)是(shi)大多數企業已獲得了(le)綠(lv)色食品認(ren)證,在全中國享受盛譽。加工過(guo)程無(wu)任何添(tian)加劑,為(wei)“原生態食品”。
三.生產情況
忻州(zhou)是中(zhong)(zhong)國最早引進種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)并加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的地(di)(di)(di)區(qu),全(quan)市(shi)(shi)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積從(cong)20世紀九(jiu)十(shi)年代末的1萬多(duo)畝(mu),2005年發展(zhan)到10萬畝(mu),成(cheng)為(wei)山(shan)西省糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積最大的地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)的企(qi)(qi)業(ye)有(you)(you)30多(duo)家,注冊了(le)天維爾(er)、維寶甜(tian)、三力、穗穗甜(tian)等七(qi)八個商標,產(chan)品遠銷(xiao)北京、上(shang)海(hai)、廣州(zhou)和東南亞(ya)國家。到21世紀初,忻州(zhou)甜(tian)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)產(chan)業(ye)化格局(ju)已經(jing)形成(cheng)。到2011年,已發展(zhan)有(you)(you)甜(tian)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)、冷貯企(qi)(qi)業(ye)30余家,訂單(dan)生產(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)達10萬余畝(mu),年產(chan)量達2.5億穗左右。產(chan)品遠銷(xiao)中(zhong)(zhong)國各(ge)地(di)(di)(di),有(you)(you)的通過沿海(hai)進出(chu)口貿易公司銷(xiao)往(wang)海(hai)外。同時在發展(zhan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)已經(jing)培養與鍛煉(lian)出(chu)一批種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)與加(jia)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)人才。為(wei)了(le)該產(chan)業(ye)健康(kang)發展(zhan),以市(shi)(shi)農業(ye)委員會牽頭,聯合(he)有(you)(you)關加(jia)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)及基地(di)(di)(di)與各(ge)級農技部門,已專門成(cheng)立(li)了(le)忻州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)甜(tian)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)合(he)作(zuo)協會,為(wei)該產(chan)業(ye)發展(zhan)能夠對(dui)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)與基地(di)(di)(di)提供產(chan)前、產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)、產(chan)后全(quan)方位服務。
四.自(zi)然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素(su)
1.氣候情況:忻府區屬暖溫(wen)(wen)帶季風氣候,夏季多(duo)東南風,冬季多(duo)西北風,春溫(wen)(wen)高于(yu)秋溫(wen)(wen),夏季過(guo)后(hou)秋高氣爽。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照時數為(wei)2677.7小時。無霜期均(jun)在167天左右。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)地表溫(wen)(wen)度(du)14.4-12.8℃,有效積溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)3050℃--3490℃。年(nian)降水量420—470毫(hao)米(mi),主(zhu)要集中在7、8、9三個月,年(nian)均(jun)相對濕(shi)度(du)60%,年(nian)蒸發量1768mm。由于(yu)無霜期長,光(guang)照充足,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da),糖(tang)份積累多(duo),因此這(zhe)里產的糯(nuo)玉米(mi)香(xiang)甜軟糯(nuo),品質極(ji)佳,是產品的獨(du)特生長氣候條件。
2.水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi):包括水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)情(qing)況及(ji)影響(xiang)因子。忻府(fu)區(qu)境內有(you)(you)滹沱河(he)、云中(zhong)河(he)、牧馬河(he)三條(tiao)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)河(he)流,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文地(di)(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)受(shou)地(di)(di)質(zhi)構造、自然(ran)地(di)(di)理條(tiao)件(jian)等的(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)影響(xiang),甚為復雜多樣,從山區(qu)到平(ping)原,有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)規律(lv)性,基巖山地(di)(di)有(you)(you)裂隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),山麓(lu)邊沿洪積(ji)物中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是境內重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)類型之(zhi)一,盆地(di)(di)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及(ji)承(cheng)壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),更是忻府(fu)區(qu)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)類型,也(ye)是農田(tian)灌(guan)溉的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)符合(he)有(you)(you)機食品相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)標準要求(NY-X123-2000),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)質(zhi)量合(he)格(ge)。區(qu)域可開采的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量為1.13億(yi)立方(fang)米,地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)較(jiao)為豐富。境內有(you)(you)三座水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku):米家寨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)、雙乳(ru)山水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)和歲興水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)。前兩座位于(yu)(yu)云中(zhong)河(he)的(de)(de)(de)干流上(shang),即將(jiang)投入(ru)使用的(de)(de)(de)歲興水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)位于(yu)(yu)牧馬河(he)的(de)(de)(de)干流上(shang),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)控制(zhi)流域面(mian)積(ji)496平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容2903萬立方(fang)米,含儲了豐富的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan),為調節氣候(hou)、保持水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土、保護植被、灌(guan)溉農田(tian)提供(gong)了得(de)天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)。
3.土(tu)質、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:忻府區(qu)境(jing)內地(di)(di)形西(xi)高東低,西(xi)南兩(liang)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)、丘(qiu)(qiu)陵,東面(mian)為(wei)(wei)忻定盆地(di)(di),北面(mian)金銀(yin)山(shan)(shan)把(ba)盆地(di)(di)分(fen)割成奇村寬谷和滹沱河階地(di)(di)兩(liang)部分(fen),境(jing)內平(ping)川多而(er)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)少,平(ping)川占40.7%,山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)占20%,其(qi)余39.3%為(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵區(qu)。盆地(di)(di)區(qu)由黃土(tu)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵、山(shan)(shan)前傾斜(xie)平(ping)原和沖(chong)積平(ping)原組成,地(di)(di)形平(ping)坦,水利和土(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件較好(hao),全區(qu)耕地(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)類型為(wei)(wei)褐土(tu)、潮土(tu)。土(tu)壤(rang)養(yang)分(fen)有機質平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)13.61g/kg,堿解氮78.56mg/kg,有效磷15.31mg/kg,速(su)效鉀(jia)131.61mg/kg。土(tu)壤(rang)pH值(zhi)7.5-8.2,呈中性或微堿性。城區(qu)東、西(xi)素有“水旱紅精”之(zhi)稱,是山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省主要(yao)商品(pin)糧基地(di)(di)之(zhi)一。