一.產品介紹
在(zai)(zai)我們(men)(men)(men)(men)冀(ji)村仁巖一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai),腦(nao)(nao)袋是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)隨便讓(rang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)摸和拍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),即(ji)使(shi)是(shi)(shi)無意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也(ye)要引起(qi)當(dang)事人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)警(jing)示:“頭(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao),頭(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)碰就惱!”據(ju)說,這(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)(yu)那明末清(qing)初(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)哩(li)! 仁巖人(ren)(ren)(ren)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),字(zi)古(gu)遺(yi),丁(ding)丑(chou)年(1637)進士,曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)任尉氏縣知縣,歷(li)官靈壽(shou)、雄縣,擢兵科給事中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)因制軍(jun)事兵形(xing)條例八(ba)事而(er)(er)(er)聞(wen)名(ming),在(zai)(zai)朝為(wei)(wei)官時(shi)(shi),他(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)避權(quan)貴(gui),曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)彈劾周廷(ting)(ting)儒十(shi)大(da)罪狀,論(lun)情似有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)義(yi)之(zhi)嫌(xian),但(dan)以公(gong)(gong)論(lun),則(ze)顯得(de)(de)他(ta)大(da)公(gong)(gong)無私。想當(dang)年,提督袁(yuan)繼咸被誣下獄,傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)薛宗(zong)周赴京(jing)(jing)(jing)伸冤,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)冤案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)反立(li)下了(le)(le)汗馬功(gong)勞。。 就在(zai)(zai)大(da)明崇(chong)禎(zhen)年間(jian),曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下子(zi)來(lai)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年輕(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren),他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)都是(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)三(san)立(li)書(shu)(shu)院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)生(sheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個個英(ying)俊瀟灑(sa)風流倜儻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),由于(yu)(yu)他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)生(sheng)性豁(huo)達開(kai)朗,所(suo)以時(shi)(shi)常(chang)聚在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)談古(gu)論(lun)今,并(bing)立(li)志報(bao)效國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。 那時(shi)(shi)候,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)富裕(yu),要不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)那十(shi)畝(mu)薄地(di)墊(dian)底,生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艱難可想而(er)(er)(er)知,全仰仗(zhang)那幾(ji)(ji)分土(tu)特產(chan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao),總(zong)算(suan)可以維持下去。 長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)仁巖村傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)特產(chan),特點是(shi)(shi)面(mian)長(chang)(chang)(chang),甜(tian)而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)絲,營養滋補功(gong)能(neng)極(ji)佳,這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)(men)都有(you)(you)(you)“食(shi)補山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冬春”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣。 曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父親(qin)(qin)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)廷(ting)(ting)強(qiang),為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)樂善(shan)好(hao)施,道(dao)(dao)惟古(gu)處,俠以義(yi)聞(wen),曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母親(qin)(qin)耿氏柔貞作則(ze),巽順(shun)宜家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。每當(dang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)省城的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)學(xue)來(lai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)里,他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)總(zong)要把平(ping)(ping)時(shi)(shi)舍不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)拿(na)出來(lai),給年輕(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)(men)炒(chao)兩道(dao)(dao)好(hao)菜(cai)(cai)。這(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)難怪(guai),汾(fen)陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)好(hao)客(ke)是(shi)(shi)出了(le)(le)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),在(zai)(zai)吃(chi)上(shang)也(ye)很(hen)講(jiang)究(jiu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)管是(shi)(shi)豪富還(huan)是(shi)(shi)貧(pin)寒之(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),來(lai)了(le)(le)客(ke)人(ren)(ren)(ren)總(zong)要想法調樣搞幾(ji)(ji)盤(pan)象樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)哩(li)! 同(tong)(tong)學(xue)當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)個叫(jiao)傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)陽曲(qu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),有(you)(you)(you)著一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)武藝,而(er)(er)(er)且還(huan)詩書(shu)(shu)畫并(bing)舉,與(yu)(yu)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系特別好(hao),他(ta)發現(xian)(xian),只要他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)到(dao)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)總(zong)能(neng)吃(chi)到(dao)當(dang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)菜(cai)(cai)――羊(yang)肉(rou)煨(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao),因為(wei)(wei)他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)喜歡吃(chi),所(suo)以曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)見他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)來(lai)了(le)(le),總(zong)是(shi)(shi)拿(na)這(zhe)(zhe)道(dao)(dao)菜(cai)(cai)來(lai)款待他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)。 “羊(yang)肉(rou)煨(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)”,“煨(wei)”字(zi)上(shang)見功(gong)夫,羊(yang)肉(rou)為(wei)(wei)紅潤細嫩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)羯羊(yang)肉(rou),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)潔白(bai)如玉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao),通過慢(man)火(huo)之(zhi)“煨(wei)”,將羊(yang)肉(rou)和山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)華煨(wei)成了(le)(le)肥而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)膩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)汁,再加(jia)上(shang)幾(ji)(ji)段蔥綠青翠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)芫荽,更讓(rang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)由得(de)(de)垂涎欲滴胃(wei)口大(da)開(kai)。 傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)還(huan)發現(xian)(xian),村里頭(tou)(tou)那些老(lao)人(ren)(ren)(ren),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個個紅光滿面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都很(hen)精(jing)神,問及平(ping)(ping)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食(shi)習慣,無外乎時(shi)(shi)常(chang)蒸食(shi)那些賣不(bu)(bu)(bu)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)疙(ge)節(jie)節(jie)。他(ta)對醫學(xue)本就很(hen)感興趣,回家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)后(hou)查閱資料(liao),才(cai)知道(dao)(dao)這(zhe)(zhe)長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)公(gong)(gong)可以治諸虛百損,療五(wu)勞七傷(shang),還(huan)具有(you)(you)(you)補心(xin)氣(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足、強(qiang)精(jing)骨(gu)、益(yi)腎氣(qi)、健脾(pi)胃(wei)、化痰涎、潤皮毛等(deng)美(mei)(mei)容功(gong)效哩(li)!崇(chong)禎(zhen)十(shi)六年,李(li)自成攻陷太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan),長(chang)(chang)(chang)驅直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)入居庸關(guan)(guan),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年后(hou)攻占(zhan)北京(jing)(jing)(jing),崇(chong)禎(zhen)皇(huang)帝吊死(si)煤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),同(tong)(tong)年,清(qing)軍(jun)入關(guan)(guan),李(li)自成敗走陜(shan)西。但(dan)是(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)戰亂平(ping)(ping)息,就是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任何(he)消(xiao)息,家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)里人(ren)(ren)(ren)都很(hen)清(qing)楚,依他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脾(pi)性,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)舍生(sheng)取義(yi)寧死(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)屈(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)久后(hou)得(de)(de)到(dao)實信,果然(ran)他(ta)已經為(wei)(wei)國(guo)捐軀(qu)了(le)(le),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)村北曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)氏祖(zu)墳內為(wei)(wei)他(ta)設衣冠(guan)冢(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座,以示紀念(nian)。那一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年,家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)老(lao)母親(qin)(qin)病重,傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)結合母親(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病情,在(zai)(zai)仁巖“羊(yang)肉(rou)煨(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang),加(jia)了(le)(le)蓮菜(cai)(cai)等(deng)材料(liao),制成有(you)(you)(you)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“八(ba)珍湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”,也(ye)叫(jiao)“十(shi)全大(da)補湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”。清(qing)兵入關(guan)(guan)后(hou),傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)多次組(zu)織反清(qing)復明活動,但(dan)總(zong)是(shi)(shi)以失敗而(er)(er)(er)告終(zhong),心(xin)灰(hui)意冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)將“八(ba)珍湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“頭(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”,在(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)橋頭(tou)(tou)街(jie),傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)為(wei)(wei)專賣“頭(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪子(zi)寫下了(le)(le)“清(qing)和元(yuan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招牌,以“頭(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”原(yuan)料(liao)之(zhi)雜碎寓諷大(da)清(qing)朝與(yu)(yu)元(yuan)朝一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣,都是(shi)(shi)異族(zu)侵入,以頭(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)與(yu)(yu)“頭(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”這(zhe)(zhe)同(tong)(tong)音,以體現(xian)(xian)傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)屈(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)族(zu)氣(qi)節(jie)。清(qing)順(shun)治八(ba)年,傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)同(tong)(tong)三(san)晉著名(ming)詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)胡庭來(lai)到(dao)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)看望了(le)(le)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父母,有(you)(you)(you)感于(yu)(yu)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)英(ying)勇(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)屈(qu)慷慨而(er)(er)(er)戰為(wei)(wei)國(guo)捐軀(qu),他(ta)奮(fen)筆疾書(shu)(shu)寫下了(le)(le)“古(gu)遺(yi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)屬:第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)流人(ren)(ren)(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匾額(e),以贊(zan)揚(yang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)族(zu)氣(qi)節(jie),此匾額(e)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)懸掛在(zai)(zai)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尚(shang)堂門廊下,日本人(ren)(ren)(ren)占(zhan)據(ju)仁巖時(shi)(shi)被毀。太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)“頭(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”,曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)做為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢品呈獻大(da)清(qing)王(wang)朝,尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)那注重美(mei)(mei)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西太(tai)(tai)(tai)后(hou),對太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)“頭(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”更是(shi)(shi)情有(you)(you)(you)獨鐘。據(ju)愛好(hao)美(mei)(mei)食(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)北京(jing)(jing)(jing)們(men)(men)(men)(men)講(jiang),在(zai)(zai)清(qing)宮膳食(shi)譜(pu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)地(di)還(huan)特別注明為(wei)(wei)“汾(fen)陽仁巖長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)”,這(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)得(de)(de)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)白(bai)面(mian)同(tong)(tong)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仁巖長(chang)(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)名(ming)揚(yang)京(jing)(jing)(jing)城。
二.自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文歷史因(yin)素(su)
冀(ji)村(cun)鎮境(jing)內地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)坦,土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥(fei)沃,氣候適中(zhong),水源充足具有(you)優(you)越獨特的(de)(de)生長(chang)環境(jing)。該地(di)(di)地(di)(di)處黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)高原(yuan)地(di)(di)帶,土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou)(hou)、土(tu)(tu)松地(di)(di)肥(fei)、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)酸堿度(du)接近中(zhong)性(xing)的(de)(de)沙(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)。全境(jing)地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)坦,海拔739米(mi)左(zuo)右(you)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣溫9.7℃,無(wu)霜期178天(tian),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降水467.2毫米(mi),境(jing)內年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均相(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)61%。日(ri)照(zhao)比較(jiao)充足,光照(zhao)條件較(jiao)好(hao),太陽年(nian)(nian)輻射量為(wei)(wei)(wei)132.4千卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘(li)米(mi)左(zuo)右(you),年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)平(ping)(ping)均時數在(zai)2607~2974小時之間。土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou)(hou),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)不(bu)粘不(bu)沙(sha),保(bao)水保(bao)肥(fei),有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)豐(feng)富,境(jing)內干(gan)濕季交(jiao)替明顯,有(you)利(li)于(yu)有(you)機(ji)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)分(fen)解和礦物(wu)質(zhi)風化(hua),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)表層70%以上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)砂質(zhi)到(dao)壤(rang)質(zhi),土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou)(hou),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)均勻(yun),通透性(xing)好(hao),有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)平(ping)(ping)均含量為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.9%。這里土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥(fei)沃,交(jiao)通順(shun)暢(chang),地(di)(di)下水位較(jiao)深,且蘊藏量大(da),渠道(dao)縱(zong)橫,灌(guan)溉便利(li),獨特的(de)(de)環境(jing)和優(you)越的(de)(de)氣候條件有(you)利(li)于(yu)冀(ji)村(cun)長(chang)山(shan)藥的(de)(de)生長(chang),為(wei)(wei)(wei)冀(ji)村(cun)長(chang)山(shan)藥的(de)(de)優(you)良品質(zhi)提供(gong)了(le)強大(da)的(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)。
三.地域范圍
根據冀(ji)(ji)(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)長山藥(yao)的(de)(de)產地特點(dian)和品質(zhi)要求(qiu),冀(ji)(ji)(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)長山藥(yao)地理標志地域保護范(fan)圍確定在:汾(fen)陽市境內的(de)(de)冀(ji)(ji)(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)、杏(xing)花村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)等2個(ge)鎮(zhen)23個(ge)行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),即(ji):冀(ji)(ji)(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)冀(ji)(ji)(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、仁(ren)巖村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、艾(ai)子村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、唐興村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、城子村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、古(gu)賢莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南浦村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)河頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)馬寨村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)陳(chen)家(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)遙莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大會頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、菩提(ti)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)宋家(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、西九枝(zhi)(zhi)社村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)九枝(zhi)(zhi)社村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、李家(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)社村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、富家(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)和杏(xing)花村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)杜村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、辛(xin)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、永安村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、官道(dao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。總面積5002.02公頃(qing),產量120048噸。地理坐(zuo)標:北緯37°15'2"~37°22'10",東(dong)(dong)經111°53'50"~112°0'2"。全境地勢平坦,平均海拔739米。自然地形為開闊(kuo)平坦的(de)(de)沖積平原,是(shi)太原盆(pen)地的(de)(de)一(yi)部分。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性特征(zheng)
1.外在感官特征(zheng):冀村(cun)長山(shan)藥條塊順(shun)直,塊莖肉(rou)質(zhi)肥厚,直徑5厘米左(zuo)右,圓柱形(xing),表皮光潔(jie)色(se)淡,有紫紅斑,根毛細(xi)而(er)稀少,皮薄、薯肉(rou)色(se)澤潔(jie)白(bai)(bai)(bai),肉(rou)質(zhi)細(xi)膩無纖維,易(yi)熟,熟后性(xing)綿,質(zhi)地綿而(er)不柴,香氣濃郁(yu)。掰開后有白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)黏液,黏度高、粉性(xing)足(zu)、色(se)白(bai)(bai)(bai)、肉(rou)身如玉,啖食無渣。
2.內(nei)在質量(liang)(liang)指標:冀村長山藥營養價值高,可食率(以(yi)質量(liang)(liang)計)>95.0%。山藥塊莖(jing)中蛋白(bai)質含量(liang)(liang)約2.0~3.5g/100g,淀(dian)粉含量(liang)(liang)9.8~16.5g/100g,總膳(shan)食纖維(以(yi)干(gan)基計)4.0~5.6g/100g,鈣(gai)8.2~10.3mg/100g,鉀388~527mg/100g,鐵0.10~0.36mg/100g,粗纖維0.37~0.59g/100g,粗多(duo)糖(tang)(tang)(以(yi)葡萄糖(tang)(tang)計)0.41~0.66g/100g,維生素C 7.3~9.1mg/100g,維生素B1 0.037~0.063mg/100g,可溶性固形物5.7~8.3%。
3.安(an)全要求(qiu):嚴格(ge)按照“冀(ji)村長山藥(yao)(yao)栽培技術(shu)規程”進(jin)行生產(chan)和(he)管理(li)(li)。“冀(ji)村長山藥(yao)(yao)”合(he)理(li)(li)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)料(liao)、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)等農(nong)(nong)業投入品,嚴禁使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國家明令禁止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的高劇毒、高殘留農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao),嚴格(ge)執行農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)全間(jian)隔期(qi)。在收購前15天,對生產(chan)基地隨(sui)機抽取(qu)樣(yang)品進(jin)行農(nong)(nong)殘和(he)重金屬檢驗,符(fu)合(he)NY5112-2005產(chan)業標準以及無公(gong)害食品NY5013-2006林果類產(chan)品產(chan)地環境條(tiao)件(jian),以及GB4285農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安(an)全使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則,GB/T8321農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)合(he)理(li)(li)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則等相關(guan)標準和(he)要求(qiu)。
五.特定生產方式
1.產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選擇與特(te)殊內容規(gui)定(ding)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)要求:汾陽市(shi)冀(ji)村鎮(zhen),土(tu)壤為酸堿(jian)度接近中性的(de)壤質(zhi)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di),土(tu)種類型為褐(he)土(tu),土(tu)層深厚,通透性好(hao)。土(tu)質(zhi)結構組成合理、質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)好(hao),特(te)別適合于(yu)冀(ji)村長(chang)山(shan)藥種植生產(chan)。環境(jing)質(zhi)量:冀(ji)村長(chang)山(shan)藥基地(di)(di)(di)遠離城區、工業污(wu)染源(yuan)和生活(huo)垃圾場等(deng)。要選擇空氣清新、水質(zhi)純凈,具有良好(hao)生態環境(jing)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區。
2.品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與提(ti)(ti)純(chun)復壯 冀(ji)村長山藥品(pin)種(zhong)為歷史上遺留下來的(de)地方品(pin)種(zhong)——汾山藥。由(you)于山藥是(shi)無性繁(fan)殖(zhi),連續多(duo)年栽培必然造成(cheng)品(pin)種(zhong)退化,產量下降。在有關技術人員的(de)指導下,通(tong)過種(zhong)薯選(xuan)優(you)與山藥豆(零(ling)余子(zi)(zi))繁(fan)殖(zhi)相結(jie)合的(de)方法進行提(ti)(ti)純(chun)復壯,每年收獲時或出售前(qian)截秧(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)時按(an)照(zhao)整薯質量選(xuan)留秧(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi),選(xuan)留的(de)標準是(shi)秧(yang)(yang)辮子(zi)(zi)粗短(duan),頂芽飽滿,塊莖光潔個大,無分(fen)枝分(fen)杈,無病(bing)蟲危害,而將不(bu)標準秧(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)淘汰(tai)。同時每年用山藥豆繁(fan)殖(zhi)一些新秧(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi),以補充不(bu)足部分(fen)。
3. 生產控制
(1)整地(di)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)整地(di):土(tu)壤封凍(dong)前耕地(di),按120cm帶(dai)劃線挖溝(gou),溝(gou)寬50cm,深60~100cm,溝(gou)間(jian)距70cm。將挖出的土(tu)放(fang)在(zai)溝(gou)兩邊(bian),經過冬季凍(dong)融(rong)日(ri)曬分化后(hou),于(yu)第2 年(nian)春天土(tu)壤解凍(dong)后(hou),在(zai)溝(gou)內回填(tian)土(tu),回填(tian)時要分層踩實。然后(hou)進行施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)做(zuo)畦,畦寬120cm,使(shi)溝(gou)居畦中。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei):肥(fei)(fei)料使(shi)用(yong)要符合DB14/87中肥(fei)(fei)料使(shi)用(yong)準則,滿(man)足(zu)無公(gong)害山藥對肥(fei)(fei)料的要求,結合回填(tian)土(tu),一般每(mei)公(gong)頃施(shi)(shi)優質有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)45000kg,硫酸鉀型(xing)氮磷(lin)鉀(氮、磷(lin)、鉀含量(liang)分別是15%)復合肥(fei)(fei)600~750kg。
(2)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)處理選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):選(xuan)用(yong)經(jing)過休眠的(de)(de)健壯、無病(bing)山(shan)藥栽子,或直(zhi)徑3-4cm左右(you),長10cm的(de)(de)山(shan)藥段。曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前進行(xing)曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),栽子曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2~3天(tian),山(shan)藥段曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)4~5天(tian)。藥劑(ji)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前為(wei)防(fang)止種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)帶病(bing),要用(yong)0.1%~0.3%的(de)(de)鐵滅克(ke)(TMK)溶液浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)7~10h防(fang)治(zhi)山(shan)藥線蟲病(bing),用(yong)50%的(de)(de)多菌(jun)靈可濕性粉劑(ji)500倍(bei)液浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1h防(fang)治(zhi)枯萎(wei)病(bing)。
(3)播種(zhong)(zhong)播種(zhong)(zhong)期:10cm地溫(wen)穩定在(zai)9~10℃時,開(kai)始(shi)播種(zhong)(zhong)。汾(fen)陽冀(ji)村地區一般在(zai)4 月中旬。播種(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa):在(zai)畦內挖溝(gou)(gou)的地方開(kai)小溝(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)深8~10cm,每(mei)畦種(zhong)(zhong)2行,溝(gou)(gou)內2 行相距35cm,開(kai)溝(gou)(gou)后將(jiang)(jiang)栽子(種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu))以芽(ya)為準(zhun),按株(zhu)距25~30cm,將(jiang)(jiang)芽(ya)朝一個方向平(ping)放(fang)溝(gou)(gou)中,覆土(tu)8cm后輕輕踩壓,使(shi)栽子與土(tu)壤(rang)緊密結合(he)。播種(zhong)(zhong)量:每(mei)公頃用種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)57000~64500個。
(4)田間管理(li)疏苗:出苗后(hou),進(jin)行(xing)(xing)疏苗。畝留(liu)苗6000株左(zuo)右。適時支架:山藥蔓(man)長(chang)(chang)30~50cm 時,用竹(zhu)竿或高粱稈每株插(cha)1根,搭(da)成(cheng)人字架或四腳(jiao)架,架高約2m,并及(ji)時扶蔓(man)上架。中耕松(song)土(tu):在生長(chang)(chang)季節(jie)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)3~5次中耕松(song)土(tu)并除草。合(he)理(li)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui):播前澆足(zu)底墑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),促(cu)快發芽。生長(chang)(chang)前期不澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),待莖(jing)(jing)蔓(man)進(jin)入(ru)旺盛(sheng)生長(chang)(chang)期(出苗后(hou)40~50天(tian))澆發棵水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),現蕾前澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)促(cu)莖(jing)(jing)葉(xie)、塊莖(jing)(jing)生長(chang)(chang)。現蕾后(hou)30天(tian)澆第3次水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),促(cu)塊莖(jing)(jing)增長(chang)(chang)。追肥:發棵期進(jin)行(xing)(xing)1~2次追肥,每公頃施45%硫酸鉀(jia)(jia)型氮磷鉀(jia)(jia)復合(he)肥450~600kg,并結合(he)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。最后(hou)1次追肥應在收(shou)獲前30~40天(tian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。
(5)主要病蟲害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按照“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為主,綜合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的植(zhi)保方針(zhen),堅持以“農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為主,化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為輔(fu)”的無害化控制原則,科(ke)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),保證生(sheng)(sheng)產出安全(quan)優質的長山藥產品。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):實行(xing)1年以上的輪作(zuo);陰雨天要注意排澇;(增加通透性,避免株間郁(yu)蔽高濕(shi)(shi);采收后將留在(zai)地上的病殘體集(ji)中燒毀并(bing)深翻,減少越冬菌蟲源。化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):以生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)制劑為主,使用時嚴格(ge)按照GB 4285農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥安全(quan)使用標準和GB/T8321規(gui)定執行(xing)。腐(fu)爛病用72%農(nong)(nong)(nong)用鏈霉(mei)素可濕(shi)(shi)性粉劑3000倍(bei)液或77%氫氧化銅500倍(bei)液灌根(gen)。金針(zhen)蟲、蠐螬等地下害蟲播種時,在(zai)播種溝(gou)內(nei)每公(gong)頃撒(sa)施3%辛硫磷顆粒劑22.5kg。
(6)采收(shou)(shou)和貯(zhu)藏(zang)采收(shou)(shou):霜降后(hou)地上莖(jing)葉干(gan)枯,應(ying)拔除地上藤(teng)蔓和架材進(jin)行采收(shou)(shou)。采收(shou)(shou)的外(wai)觀要(yao)(yao)求為:塊莖(jing)表面(mian)沒有(you)污染或(huo)其(qi)他外(wai)來物(wu),無腐爛和病(bing)(bing)蟲、機械傷(shang),按(an)一定長度分(fen)級包(bao)裝,整齊(qi)度要(yao)(yao)達到90%以上。貯(zhu)藏(zang):采用堆藏(zang)或(huo)窖藏(zang)等方式(shi)進(jin)行貯(zhu)藏(zang),貯(zhu)藏(zang)溫度4~5 ℃。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄要(yao)(yao)求生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理人員負責(ze)對冀村(cun)長山藥(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)各環節、病(bing)(bing)蟲防治(zhi)和收(shou)(shou)購(gou)入庫(ku)過程的記錄,以保證產(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程質量控制。