一.產品介紹
在(zai)(zai)(zai)我們(men)(men)冀村仁(ren)巖(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai),腦(nao)(nao)(nao)袋是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)能(neng)隨便讓(rang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)摸(mo)和拍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),即使是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也要(yao)引起(qi)當(dang)(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)警(jing)示(shi):“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao),頭(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao),一(yi)(yi)(yi)碰(peng)就惱!”據說,這(zhe)(zhe)與(yu)那(nei)(nei)(nei)明末清(qing)(qing)初的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)關(guan)哩(li)! 仁(ren)巖(yan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),字古遺,丁丑年(nian)(nian)(1637)進士,曾(ceng)(ceng)任(ren)尉(wei)氏縣(xian)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian),歷官(guan)靈壽、雄縣(xian),擢兵(bing)科給事(shi)中,曾(ceng)(ceng)因(yin)制軍事(shi)兵(bing)形條例八事(shi)而(er)聞名(ming)(ming)(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)朝為(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)時(shi),他(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)避權貴,曾(ceng)(ceng)彈劾(he)周(zhou)廷儒十大(da)罪狀,論(lun)情(qing)(qing)似有(you)(you)不(bu)義之嫌,但(dan)(dan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)公論(lun),則顯得(de)他(ta)(ta)(ta)大(da)公無私。想當(dang)(dang)年(nian)(nian),提督(du)袁繼咸被(bei)誣下獄,傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)薛宗周(zhou)赴京(jing)伸冤(yuan),曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)冤(yuan)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)反立(li)(li)下了(le)汗馬功(gong)勞(lao)。。 就在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)明崇(chong)禎年(nian)(nian)間(jian),曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)中一(yi)(yi)(yi)下子來(lai)了(le)不(bu)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)輕(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)三立(li)(li)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)個個英俊(jun)瀟(xiao)灑(sa)風流倜(ti)儻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),由(you)于他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)生(sheng)(sheng)性豁達開朗,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)常(chang)聚在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)談古論(lun)今,并立(li)(li)志報效國家(jia)。 那(nei)(nei)(nei)時(shi)候,曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)中并不(bu)富裕,要(yao)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)那(nei)(nei)(nei)十畝薄地墊底,生(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艱難可想而(er)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),全仰仗那(nei)(nei)(nei)幾(ji)分(fen)土特(te)(te)(te)產長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),總(zong)算(suan)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)維持下去。 長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)巖(yan)村傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土特(te)(te)(te)產,特(te)(te)(te)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面長(chang),甜而(er)有(you)(you)絲,營養(yang)滋補功(gong)能(neng)極佳,這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)都有(you)(you)“食補山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)冬春”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)(xi)慣。 曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父(fu)親曹(cao)(cao)廷強(qiang),為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)樂善(shan)好施,道(dao)(dao)惟古處,俠以(yi)(yi)(yi)義聞,曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母親耿氏柔貞作則,巽順宜家(jia)。每當(dang)(dang)曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)省城的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同學(xue)(xue)來(lai)家(jia)里,他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)總(zong)要(yao)把(ba)平(ping)時(shi)舍不(bu)得(de)吃(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)拿出來(lai),給年(nian)(nian)輕(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)炒(chao)兩道(dao)(dao)好菜。這(zhe)(zhe)也難怪(guai),汾陽(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)好客(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出了(le)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),在(zai)(zai)(zai)吃(chi)(chi)上(shang)也很(hen)講究,不(bu)管是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豪富還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)貧(pin)寒之家(jia),來(lai)了(le)客(ke)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)總(zong)要(yao)想法(fa)調樣(yang)搞幾(ji)盤象樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菜哩(li)! 同學(xue)(xue)當(dang)(dang)中有(you)(you)個叫傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)曲人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),有(you)(you)著一(yi)(yi)(yi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好武藝(yi),而(er)且還(huan)詩書(shu)(shu)(shu)畫(hua)并舉,與(yu)曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系特(te)(te)(te)別好,他(ta)(ta)(ta)發(fa)現,只要(yao)他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)到(dao)(dao)曹(cao)(cao)家(jia),他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)總(zong)能(neng)吃(chi)(chi)到(dao)(dao)當(dang)(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)菜――羊(yang)肉煨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)喜歡吃(chi)(chi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)曹(cao)(cao)家(jia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)見(jian)他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)來(lai)了(le),總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拿這(zhe)(zhe)道(dao)(dao)菜來(lai)款待他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)。 “羊(yang)肉煨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”,“煨”字上(shang)見(jian)功(gong)夫,羊(yang)肉為(wei)(wei)(wei)紅潤細(xi)嫩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)羯羊(yang)肉,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)潔白如玉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),通過慢火之“煨”,將羊(yang)肉和山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)華煨成(cheng)了(le)肥(fei)而(er)不(bu)膩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湯汁,再加上(shang)幾(ji)段蔥綠青翠(cui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香芫荽,更(geng)讓(rang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)由(you)得(de)垂涎(xian)(xian)欲滴胃口大(da)開。 傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)還(huan)發(fa)現,村里頭(tou)(tou)(tou)那(nei)(nei)(nei)些(xie)老人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),一(yi)(yi)(yi)個個紅光滿面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都很(hen)精(jing)神,問及(ji)平(ping)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食習(xi)(xi)慣,無外(wai)乎時(shi)常(chang)蒸(zheng)食那(nei)(nei)(nei)些(xie)賣(mai)不(bu)掉(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)疙節(jie)節(jie)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)對醫學(xue)(xue)本就很(hen)感興趣(qu),回家(jia)后(hou)查閱(yue)資料(liao)(liao),才(cai)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)這(zhe)(zhe)長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)公可以(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)諸虛百損,療五勞(lao)七(qi)傷(shang),還(huan)具有(you)(you)補心氣(qi)不(bu)足、強(qiang)精(jing)骨(gu)、益腎(shen)氣(qi)、健脾胃、化痰涎(xian)(xian)、潤皮毛等(deng)美容功(gong)效哩(li)!崇(chong)禎十六年(nian)(nian),李(li)自成(cheng)攻陷太(tai)(tai)原(yuan),長(chang)驅直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)入居庸關(guan),一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)后(hou)攻占北京(jing),崇(chong)禎皇帝(di)吊死煤(mei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),同年(nian)(nian),清(qing)(qing)軍入關(guan),李(li)自成(cheng)敗(bai)走陜西。但(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)(dao)戰亂平(ping)息,就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)何消息,家(jia)里人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)都很(hen)清(qing)(qing)楚,依他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脾性,一(yi)(yi)(yi)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)舍生(sheng)(sheng)取義寧死不(bu)屈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)久后(hou)得(de)到(dao)(dao)實信,果然他(ta)(ta)(ta)已(yi)經為(wei)(wei)(wei)國捐軀(qu)了(le),于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)村北曹(cao)(cao)氏祖墳(fen)內為(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)設衣冠冢一(yi)(yi)(yi)座,以(yi)(yi)(yi)示(shi)紀(ji)念。那(nei)(nei)(nei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian),家(jia)中老母親病重,傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)結合母親的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病情(qing)(qing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)仁(ren)巖(yan)“羊(yang)肉煨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang),加了(le)蓮菜等(deng)材料(liao)(liao),制成(cheng)有(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“八珍湯”,也叫“十全大(da)補湯”。清(qing)(qing)兵(bing)入關(guan)后(hou),傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)多次組織反清(qing)(qing)復(fu)明活動,但(dan)(dan)總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)失敗(bai)而(er)告終,心灰(hui)意(yi)冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)將“八珍湯”改名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”,在(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)橋頭(tou)(tou)(tou)街,傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)專賣(mai)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪子寫(xie)(xie)下了(le)“清(qing)(qing)和元”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招(zhao)牌,以(yi)(yi)(yi)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)之雜碎寓諷大(da)清(qing)(qing)朝與(yu)元朝一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)異族(zu)(zu)侵入,以(yi)(yi)(yi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)與(yu)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”這(zhe)(zhe)同音(yin),以(yi)(yi)(yi)體現傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)屈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民族(zu)(zu)氣(qi)節(jie)。清(qing)(qing)順治(zhi)八年(nian)(nian),傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)同三晉(jin)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)胡庭來(lai)到(dao)(dao)曹(cao)(cao)家(jia),他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)看(kan)望了(le)曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父(fu)母,有(you)(you)感于曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)英勇不(bu)屈慷(kang)慨而(er)戰為(wei)(wei)(wei)國捐軀(qu),他(ta)(ta)(ta)奮(fen)筆疾書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫(xie)(xie)下了(le)“古遺先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)屬:第一(yi)(yi)(yi)流人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匾額(e),以(yi)(yi)(yi)贊揚曹(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民族(zu)(zu)氣(qi)節(jie),此匾額(e)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)懸掛在(zai)(zai)(zai)曹(cao)(cao)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尚(shang)堂(tang)門廊下,日(ri)本人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)占據仁(ren)巖(yan)時(shi)被(bei)毀。太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”,曾(ceng)(ceng)做為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢品呈獻(xian)大(da)清(qing)(qing)王朝,尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)那(nei)(nei)(nei)注(zhu)重美容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西太(tai)(tai)后(hou),對太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”更(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)獨鐘。據愛好美食的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老北京(jing)們(men)(men)講,在(zai)(zai)(zai)清(qing)(qing)宮膳食譜(pu)中,長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產地還(huan)特(te)(te)(te)別注(zhu)明為(wei)(wei)(wei)“汾陽(yang)(yang)(yang)仁(ren)巖(yan)長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”,這(zhe)(zhe)使得(de)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)與(yu)白面同價的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仁(ren)巖(yan)長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)間(jian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)揚京(jing)城。
二(er).自(zi)然生態環境和人(ren)文(wen)歷史(shi)因(yin)素
冀(ji)村(cun)(cun)鎮境(jing)內(nei)地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)坦(tan),土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥(fei)沃,氣候適中,水(shui)源充足具有(you)優(you)越獨(du)特的生(sheng)長(chang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。該地(di)(di)地(di)(di)處黃土(tu)(tu)高原地(di)(di)帶,土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou)、土(tu)(tu)松(song)地(di)(di)肥(fei)、土(tu)(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)酸堿度(du)接近中性(xing)的沙(sha)(sha)壤土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)。全境(jing)地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)坦(tan),海拔739米左右(you)。年平(ping)(ping)均氣溫9.7℃,無霜期178天,年平(ping)(ping)均降水(shui)467.2毫(hao)米,境(jing)內(nei)年平(ping)(ping)均相對濕(shi)度(du)為(wei)(wei)61%。日照比較充足,光照條(tiao)(tiao)件較好,太陽(yang)年輻射量(liang)為(wei)(wei)132.4千卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)方厘米左右(you),年日照平(ping)(ping)均時數在2607~2974小時之間(jian)。土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)不粘(zhan)不沙(sha)(sha),保水(shui)保肥(fei),有(you)機質(zhi)豐富,境(jing)內(nei)干濕(shi)季交(jiao)替明顯,有(you)利(li)(li)于有(you)機物(wu)質(zhi)的分(fen)解和礦物(wu)質(zhi)風化(hua),土(tu)(tu)壤表層(ceng)(ceng)70%以上為(wei)(wei)砂質(zhi)到壤質(zhi),土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)較為(wei)(wei)均勻,通(tong)透性(xing)好,有(you)機質(zhi)平(ping)(ping)均含量(liang)為(wei)(wei)2.9%。這里土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥(fei)沃,交(jiao)通(tong)順暢,地(di)(di)下水(shui)位較深(shen),且蘊藏量(liang)大(da),渠(qu)道縱橫,灌溉便利(li)(li),獨(du)特的環(huan)(huan)境(jing)和優(you)越的氣候條(tiao)(tiao)件有(you)利(li)(li)于冀(ji)村(cun)(cun)長(chang)山藥(yao)的生(sheng)長(chang),為(wei)(wei)冀(ji)村(cun)(cun)長(chang)山藥(yao)的優(you)良品質(zhi)提供(gong)了強大(da)的優(you)勢(shi)。
三.地域范圍
根據冀村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)長(chang)山藥(yao)(yao)的(de)產地(di)(di)(di)(di)特(te)點(dian)和(he)品質(zhi)要求,冀村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)長(chang)山藥(yao)(yao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志地(di)(di)(di)(di)域保護范圍(wei)確(que)定在:汾陽市(shi)境內的(de)冀村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)、杏花村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)等(deng)2個鎮(zhen)23個行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),即:冀村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)的(de)冀村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、仁巖(yan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、艾(ai)子村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、唐興村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、城子村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、古賢莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南浦村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)河頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)馬(ma)寨村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)陳(chen)家(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)遙莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大(da)會頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、菩提莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)宋家(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、西(xi)九(jiu)枝社(she)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)九(jiu)枝社(she)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、李家(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)社(she)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、富家(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)和(he)杏花村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)的(de)杜(du)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、辛莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、永安村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、官(guan)道村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。總(zong)面積(ji)5002.02公頃,產量(liang)120048噸。地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標:北(bei)緯(wei)37°15'2"~37°22'10",東(dong)經111°53'50"~112°0'2"。全境地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢平坦,平均海拔739米。自然地(di)(di)(di)(di)形為開闊平坦的(de)沖積(ji)平原,是太原盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)一部(bu)分(fen)。
四.產品品質特性特征
1.外(wai)在(zai)感(gan)官(guan)特征:冀村長山藥條(tiao)塊順直,塊莖肉質(zhi)肥(fei)厚,直徑5厘米左(zuo)右,圓柱形(xing),表皮(pi)光(guang)潔色淡,有紫紅斑,根毛細而稀(xi)少,皮(pi)薄、薯肉色澤潔白,肉質(zhi)細膩無(wu)(wu)纖維,易(yi)熟(shu),熟(shu)后性綿,質(zhi)地(di)綿而不柴,香(xiang)氣(qi)濃郁。掰開后有白色黏(nian)液,黏(nian)度高、粉(fen)性足(zu)、色白、肉身如玉,啖食無(wu)(wu)渣。
2.內(nei)在質(zhi)量指標:冀(ji)村(cun)長山(shan)藥營養價(jia)值高,可食率(以質(zhi)量計(ji))>95.0%。山(shan)藥塊莖中蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量約2.0~3.5g/100g,淀粉含(han)量9.8~16.5g/100g,總膳食纖(xian)維(以干基計(ji))4.0~5.6g/100g,鈣8.2~10.3mg/100g,鉀(jia)388~527mg/100g,鐵0.10~0.36mg/100g,粗(cu)纖(xian)維0.37~0.59g/100g,粗(cu)多糖(tang)(以葡萄糖(tang)計(ji))0.41~0.66g/100g,維生素C 7.3~9.1mg/100g,維生素B1 0.037~0.063mg/100g,可溶性固形物(wu)5.7~8.3%。
3.安全要求(qiu):嚴(yan)(yan)格按照“冀村長(chang)山(shan)藥(yao)栽培技術規程”進行生產(chan)和(he)管理(li)。“冀村長(chang)山(shan)藥(yao)”合(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)肥料(liao)、農(nong)藥(yao)等農(nong)業投入(ru)品,嚴(yan)(yan)禁使(shi)用(yong)國家明令(ling)禁止使(shi)用(yong)的(de)高(gao)劇毒、高(gao)殘(can)留農(nong)藥(yao),嚴(yan)(yan)格執行農(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)安全間隔期。在收購前15天,對生產(chan)基地(di)隨機抽(chou)取(qu)樣品進行農(nong)殘(can)和(he)重(zhong)金屬檢驗(yan),符合(he)NY5112-2005產(chan)業標準(zhun)以及無公害食品NY5013-2006林果(guo)類(lei)產(chan)品產(chan)地(di)環境條件(jian),以及GB4285農(nong)藥(yao)安全使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)則(ze),GB/T8321農(nong)藥(yao)合(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)則(ze)等相關(guan)標準(zhun)和(he)要求(qiu)。
五.特定生產方(fang)式
1.產地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特殊(shu)內容規定產地(di)(di)要(yao)求:汾陽市冀(ji)村鎮,土(tu)壤為酸堿度接近中性(xing)的壤質土(tu)地(di)(di),土(tu)種(zhong)類型(xing)為褐土(tu),土(tu)層深厚,通(tong)透性(xing)好(hao)。土(tu)質結構組成合理(li)、質地(di)(di)好(hao),特別適合于冀(ji)村長山藥種(zhong)植生產。環境質量:冀(ji)村長山藥基(ji)地(di)(di)遠離城(cheng)區(qu)、工業(ye)污染源和生活(huo)垃圾(ji)場等。要(yao)選(xuan)擇(ze)空氣(qi)清新、水質純凈,具有(you)良好(hao)生態環境的地(di)(di)區(qu)。
2.品種選(xuan)擇與(yu)提純復壯(zhuang) 冀村長山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)品種為歷史(shi)上遺留下(xia)來的地方(fang)品種——汾山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)。由于山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)是(shi)無性繁殖,連續(xu)多年栽培必然造成品種退化(hua),產量(liang)下(xia)降。在有關技(ji)術人(ren)員的指導下(xia),通過種薯(shu)選(xuan)優與(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)豆(dou)(零(ling)余子(zi)(zi))繁殖相結合的方(fang)法進(jin)行提純復壯(zhuang),每年收(shou)獲時(shi)或出售前截秧(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)時(shi)按照整薯(shu)質量(liang)選(xuan)留秧(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi),選(xuan)留的標(biao)準是(shi)秧(yang)(yang)辮子(zi)(zi)粗短,頂芽飽滿,塊莖(jing)光潔個大,無分(fen)枝(zhi)分(fen)杈,無病蟲危害,而將不(bu)標(biao)準秧(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)淘汰。同時(shi)每年用(yong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)豆(dou)繁殖一些新秧(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi),以補(bu)充不(bu)足部分(fen)。
3. 生產控制
(1)整地施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)整地:土(tu)壤(rang)封凍前(qian)耕(geng)地,按120cm帶(dai)劃線挖溝(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)寬(kuan)50cm,深(shen)60~100cm,溝(gou)(gou)間(jian)距70cm。將(jiang)挖出(chu)的土(tu)放在溝(gou)(gou)兩(liang)邊,經過冬(dong)季凍融日曬分(fen)化后,于第2 年春天土(tu)壤(rang)解凍后,在溝(gou)(gou)內回填(tian)土(tu),回填(tian)時(shi)要分(fen)層踩實。然后進行施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)做畦,畦寬(kuan)120cm,使溝(gou)(gou)居畦中。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei):肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)使用要符合(he)DB14/87中肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)使用準(zhun)則,滿足(zu)無公(gong)害山(shan)藥對肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)的要求,結合(he)回填(tian)土(tu),一般每公(gong)頃施(shi)優質有機肥(fei)(fei)45000kg,硫酸鉀(jia)型氮(dan)磷鉀(jia)(氮(dan)、磷、鉀(jia)含(han)量分(fen)別(bie)是15%)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)600~750kg。
(2)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯處理選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):選用經過休眠的健壯、無病(bing)(bing)山藥栽子,或直(zhi)徑3-4cm左右,長10cm的山藥段(duan)。曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前進行曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),栽子曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2~3天(tian)(tian),山藥段(duan)曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)4~5天(tian)(tian)。藥劑(ji)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前為防止種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯帶(dai)病(bing)(bing),要用0.1%~0.3%的鐵滅克(TMK)溶液浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)7~10h防治(zhi)山藥線(xian)蟲病(bing)(bing),用50%的多(duo)菌靈可濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)500倍液浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1h防治(zhi)枯萎病(bing)(bing)。
(3)播種播種期:10cm地(di)溫穩(wen)定在(zai)9~10℃時(shi),開始播種。汾陽冀村地(di)區(qu)一(yi)般在(zai)4 月(yue)中旬(xun)。播種方(fang)法:在(zai)畦內挖(wa)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)地(di)方(fang)開小溝(gou)(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)(gou)深(shen)8~10cm,每畦種2行(xing),溝(gou)(gou)(gou)內2 行(xing)相(xiang)距35cm,開溝(gou)(gou)(gou)后(hou)將栽(zai)子(種薯(shu))以芽為(wei)準,按株距25~30cm,將芽朝一(yi)個方(fang)向平放(fang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)中,覆土(tu)8cm后(hou)輕輕踩壓,使栽(zai)子與土(tu)壤(rang)緊密(mi)結合(he)。播種量:每公頃用種薯(shu)57000~64500個。
(4)田間管理疏(shu)苗(miao)(miao):出苗(miao)(miao)后(hou),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)疏(shu)苗(miao)(miao)。畝留苗(miao)(miao)6000株左右。適時支架(jia)(jia):山藥(yao)蔓(man)長(chang)30~50cm 時,用竹(zhu)竿(gan)或高粱稈每(mei)株插1根,搭成人字架(jia)(jia)或四腳架(jia)(jia),架(jia)(jia)高約2m,并(bing)及(ji)時扶蔓(man)上架(jia)(jia)。中(zhong)耕松(song)(song)土:在(zai)生(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)節(jie)要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)3~5次(ci)中(zhong)耕松(song)(song)土并(bing)除草。合(he)理澆水:播前澆足底墑水,促(cu)快發芽。生(sheng)長(chang)前期(qi)不澆水,待莖(jing)蔓(man)進(jin)(jin)入旺盛(sheng)生(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(出苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)40~50天(tian))澆發棵(ke)水,現(xian)蕾前澆水促(cu)莖(jing)葉(xie)、塊莖(jing)生(sheng)長(chang)。現(xian)蕾后(hou)30天(tian)澆第(di)3次(ci)水,促(cu)塊莖(jing)增長(chang)。追肥(fei):發棵(ke)期(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)1~2次(ci)追肥(fei),每(mei)公頃施45%硫酸鉀型氮磷(lin)鉀復合(he)肥(fei)450~600kg,并(bing)結合(he)澆水進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。最后(hou)1次(ci)追肥(fei)應在(zai)收獲前30~40天(tian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。
(5)主要病蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按照“預防(fang)(fang)為主,綜合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)植保方針,堅持以“農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物理防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為主,化學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為輔”的(de)(de)(de)無害化控制原(yuan)則,科學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),保證生(sheng)產出安全(quan)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)長山藥(yao)(yao)產品。農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):實行(xing)1年以上的(de)(de)(de)輪作;陰(yin)雨天要注意(yi)排澇(lao);(增加通透性(xing),避免(mian)株間郁蔽高濕(shi);采收后將留在(zai)地上的(de)(de)(de)病殘體集中燒毀并深翻,減少越冬菌(jun)蟲(chong)源。化學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):以生(sheng)物制劑為主,使用(yong)時嚴格(ge)按照GB 4285農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安全(quan)使用(yong)標準和GB/T8321規定執行(xing)。腐爛病用(yong)72%農(nong)用(yong)鏈(lian)霉素可濕(shi)性(xing)粉劑3000倍液或77%氫(qing)氧化銅500倍液灌根。金針蟲(chong)、蠐螬(cao)等地下害蟲(chong)播種時,在(zai)播種溝內每公(gong)頃撒施(shi)3%辛硫磷顆粒劑22.5kg。
(6)采收(shou)和貯藏(zang)(zang)采收(shou):霜降后地上莖葉干(gan)枯,應拔(ba)除地上藤蔓和架材(cai)進行采收(shou)。采收(shou)的外觀要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)為:塊莖表面(mian)沒有污染或其他外來物,無腐爛和病(bing)蟲、機械傷,按(an)一定長度分(fen)級(ji)包裝,整齊度要(yao)(yao)達到(dao)90%以上。貯藏(zang)(zang):采用堆藏(zang)(zang)或窖藏(zang)(zang)等(deng)方(fang)式進行貯藏(zang)(zang),貯藏(zang)(zang)溫度4~5 ℃。生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)負責對冀村長山藥生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)各環(huan)節(jie)、病(bing)蟲防(fang)治和收(shou)購入庫過程的記錄(lu),以保證產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程質量(liang)控制。