一.產品介紹
在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我們(men)冀村(cun)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)巖(yan)(yan)一(yi)帶(dai),腦(nao)(nao)(nao)袋是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)隨便讓人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)摸和(he)拍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),即使(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也要(yao)(yao)引(yin)起(qi)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)警示(shi):“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao),頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao),一(yi)碰就(jiu)(jiu)惱!”據說,這(zhe)(zhe)與那(nei)(nei)明末清(qing)初(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)哩(li)(li)! 仁(ren)(ren)(ren)巖(yan)(yan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi),字古(gu)遺,丁(ding)丑(chou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1637)進士(shi),曾任尉(wei)氏縣知縣,歷(li)官靈壽、雄縣,擢兵(bing)科(ke)給(gei)事(shi)中,曾因制軍事(shi)兵(bing)形條例八事(shi)而(er)聞名(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)朝為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官時(shi),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)避權貴,曾彈(dan)劾周(zhou)廷儒十大(da)(da)(da)罪狀,論(lun)情似有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)義之嫌,但(dan)以(yi)(yi)公(gong)論(lun),則顯(xian)得他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)大(da)(da)(da)公(gong)無(wu)私。想當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),提(ti)督(du)袁繼咸被(bei)誣(wu)下獄,傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)薛宗周(zhou)赴京(jing)伸冤,曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)冤案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)反立下了汗馬功(gong)勞。。 就(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)明崇禎(zhen)(zhen)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)中一(yi)下子來了不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)三(san)立書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),一(yi)個個英(ying)(ying)俊(jun)瀟灑風流倜儻(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),由于(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)豁達開朗,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)時(shi)常(chang)聚在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)起(qi)談古(gu)論(lun)今(jin),并立志報效國家(jia)(jia)。 那(nei)(nei)時(shi)候,曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)中并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)富裕,要(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)那(nei)(nei)十畝薄地墊(dian)底,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艱難可(ke)想而(er)知,全仰仗那(nei)(nei)幾(ji)分土特(te)(te)(te)產(chan)長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),總(zong)算可(ke)以(yi)(yi)維持下去。 長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)巖(yan)(yan)村(cun)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土特(te)(te)(te)產(chan),特(te)(te)(te)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面長(chang)(chang),甜而(er)有(you)(you)(you)絲,營養滋補功(gong)能(neng)極佳,這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)“食(shi)補山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)冬春”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣。 曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父親(qin)曹(cao)廷強,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)樂(le)善(shan)好(hao)施,道(dao)惟古(gu)處(chu),俠以(yi)(yi)義聞,曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母親(qin)耿氏柔貞作則,巽順(shun)宜家(jia)(jia)。每當(dang)曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)省城的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同學(xue)來家(jia)(jia)里,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)總(zong)要(yao)(yao)把平(ping)時(shi)舍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)拿(na)出來,給(gei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)炒兩道(dao)好(hao)菜(cai)。這(zhe)(zhe)也難怪,汾(fen)陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)好(hao)客是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出了名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)吃(chi)上(shang)(shang)也很講究,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)管是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豪富還(huan)(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)貧寒之家(jia)(jia),來了客人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)總(zong)要(yao)(yao)想法調樣(yang)搞幾(ji)盤象樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菜(cai)哩(li)(li)! 同學(xue)當(dang)中有(you)(you)(you)個叫傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)陽曲人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)一(yi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)武藝,而(er)且(qie)還(huan)(huan)(huan)詩(shi)書(shu)(shu)畫并舉(ju),與曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系特(te)(te)(te)別好(hao),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)發現(xian),只要(yao)(yao)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)一(yi)來到曹(cao)家(jia)(jia),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)總(zong)能(neng)吃(chi)到當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)菜(cai)――羊肉(rou)煨(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)喜歡吃(chi),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)曹(cao)家(jia)(jia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)見他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)來了,總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拿(na)這(zhe)(zhe)道(dao)菜(cai)來款待他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)。 “羊肉(rou)煨(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”,“煨(wei)”字上(shang)(shang)見功(gong)夫,羊肉(rou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紅潤(run)細嫩(nen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)羯羊肉(rou),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)潔白如玉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),通過(guo)慢(man)火之“煨(wei)”,將羊肉(rou)和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精華煨(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)了肥(fei)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)膩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湯(tang)汁,再(zai)加(jia)上(shang)(shang)幾(ji)段蔥綠青(qing)翠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香芫(yan)荽,更(geng)讓人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由得垂涎欲滴胃口大(da)(da)(da)開。 傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)還(huan)(huan)(huan)發現(xian),村(cun)里頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)那(nei)(nei)些老人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),一(yi)個個紅光(guang)滿(man)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)很精神,問及平(ping)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食(shi)習慣,無(wu)外乎時(shi)常(chang)蒸(zheng)食(shi)那(nei)(nei)些賣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)疙(ge)節(jie)節(jie)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)對(dui)(dui)醫學(xue)本(ben)就(jiu)(jiu)很感興趣,回家(jia)(jia)后(hou)查閱資(zi)料(liao),才(cai)知道(dao)這(zhe)(zhe)長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)公(gong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)治諸(zhu)虛百(bai)損,療(liao)五勞七傷(shang),還(huan)(huan)(huan)具有(you)(you)(you)補心氣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足、強精骨、益(yi)腎氣、健脾胃、化痰涎、潤(run)皮毛等美(mei)容功(gong)效哩(li)(li)!崇禎(zhen)(zhen)十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),李自成(cheng)(cheng)攻陷太(tai)(tai)原(yuan),長(chang)(chang)驅(qu)直(zhi)(zhi)入居庸關(guan)(guan)(guan),一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)攻占北(bei)京(jing),崇禎(zhen)(zhen)皇(huang)帝吊死煤(mei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),清(qing)軍入關(guan)(guan)(guan),李自成(cheng)(cheng)敗走陜西。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)到戰(zhan)(zhan)亂(luan)平(ping)息(xi),就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任何消(xiao)息(xi),家(jia)(jia)里人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)很清(qing)楚,依他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脾性(xing),一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)舍生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)取(qu)義寧死不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屈(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久后(hou)得到實信(xin),果然他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)已經為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國捐(juan)(juan)軀了,于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)村(cun)北(bei)曹(cao)氏祖墳(fen)內為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)設(she)衣冠冢一(yi)座,以(yi)(yi)示(shi)紀念。那(nei)(nei)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),家(jia)(jia)中老母親(qin)病重,傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)結合母親(qin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病情,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)巖(yan)(yan)“羊肉(rou)煨(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang),加(jia)了蓮菜(cai)等材料(liao),制成(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)(you)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“八珍湯(tang)”,也叫“十全大(da)(da)(da)補湯(tang)”。清(qing)兵(bing)入關(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou),傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)多次組(zu)織反清(qing)復明活動,但(dan)總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)失敗而(er)告終,心灰意(yi)冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)將“八珍湯(tang)”改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)橋頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)街,傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)專賣“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪子寫下了“清(qing)和(he)元(yuan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招牌,以(yi)(yi)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”原(yuan)料(liao)之雜碎寓諷大(da)(da)(da)清(qing)朝與元(yuan)朝一(yi)樣(yang),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)異(yi)族侵入,以(yi)(yi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)與“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”這(zhe)(zhe)同音,以(yi)(yi)體(ti)現(xian)傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屈(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)族氣節(jie)。清(qing)順(shun)治八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),傅(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)同三(san)晉(jin)著(zhu)名(ming)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)胡庭來到曹(cao)家(jia)(jia),他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)看望(wang)了曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父母,有(you)(you)(you)感于(yu)曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)英(ying)(ying)勇不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屈(qu)慷(kang)慨而(er)戰(zhan)(zhan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國捐(juan)(juan)軀,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)奮(fen)筆(bi)疾書(shu)(shu)寫下了“古(gu)遺先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)屬:第一(yi)流人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匾額,以(yi)(yi)贊揚(yang)曹(cao)良(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)族氣節(jie),此匾額一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)懸掛(gua)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)曹(cao)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尚堂門廊下,日本(ben)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)占據仁(ren)(ren)(ren)巖(yan)(yan)時(shi)被(bei)毀。太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”,曾做為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢品呈獻大(da)(da)(da)清(qing)王(wang)朝,尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)那(nei)(nei)注重美(mei)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西太(tai)(tai)后(hou),對(dui)(dui)太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)”更(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)情有(you)(you)(you)獨鐘。據愛好(hao)美(mei)食(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老北(bei)京(jing)們(men)講,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)清(qing)宮膳(shan)食(shi)譜中,長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)地還(huan)(huan)(huan)特(te)(te)(te)別注明為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“汾(fen)陽仁(ren)(ren)(ren)巖(yan)(yan)長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”,這(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)(shi)得當(dang)時(shi)與白面同價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)巖(yan)(yan)長(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),一(yi)時(shi)間名(ming)揚(yang)京(jing)城。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因素
冀村(cun)(cun)鎮境(jing)內(nei)(nei)地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)坦,土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥沃,氣(qi)候(hou)適中,水源充足具有(you)優(you)(you)越獨(du)特的(de)(de)生長環境(jing)。該地(di)(di)地(di)(di)處黃土(tu)(tu)高(gao)原地(di)(di)帶,土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou)、土(tu)(tu)松地(di)(di)肥、土(tu)(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)酸堿度(du)接近中性的(de)(de)沙(sha)壤土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)。全境(jing)地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)坦,海拔739米(mi)左(zuo)右。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫9.7℃,無(wu)霜(shuang)期178天,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水467.2毫米(mi),境(jing)內(nei)(nei)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)相對濕(shi)度(du)為(wei)(wei)61%。日照比較充足,光照條件較好,太陽年(nian)(nian)輻射量為(wei)(wei)132.4千卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘米(mi)左(zuo)右,年(nian)(nian)日照平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)時數在2607~2974小時之(zhi)間(jian)。土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)不粘不沙(sha),保(bao)水保(bao)肥,有(you)機質(zhi)豐富,境(jing)內(nei)(nei)干濕(shi)季交替明顯(xian),有(you)利于(yu)有(you)機物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)分(fen)解和(he)礦物(wu)質(zhi)風化,土(tu)(tu)壤表層70%以上為(wei)(wei)砂質(zhi)到壤質(zhi),土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)較為(wei)(wei)均(jun)(jun)(jun)勻,通(tong)透性好,有(you)機質(zhi)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)含量為(wei)(wei)2.9%。這里(li)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥沃,交通(tong)順暢,地(di)(di)下水位較深,且蘊(yun)藏量大,渠道縱(zong)橫,灌溉(gai)便利,獨(du)特的(de)(de)環境(jing)和(he)優(you)(you)越的(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)條件有(you)利于(yu)冀村(cun)(cun)長山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)生長,為(wei)(wei)冀村(cun)(cun)長山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)優(you)(you)良(liang)品質(zhi)提供了強大的(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢(shi)。
三.地域范圍
根據冀(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)長(chang)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)產(chan)地(di)(di)特點和品質要求,冀(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)長(chang)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)地(di)(di)理標志地(di)(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范圍確定在(zai):汾(fen)陽市境內的(de)(de)冀(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)、杏花村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)等2個鎮(zhen)23個行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),即(ji):冀(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)冀(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、仁巖村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、艾(ai)子(zi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、唐興村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、城子(zi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、古賢莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南浦村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)河頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)馬寨村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)陳家(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)遙(yao)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大會頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、菩提(ti)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)宋家(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、西(xi)九(jiu)枝(zhi)社(she)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)九(jiu)枝(zhi)社(she)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、李家(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)社(she)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、富家(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)和杏花村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)杜村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、辛(xin)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、永安村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、官(guan)道村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。總面積5002.02公(gong)頃(qing),產(chan)量120048噸。地(di)(di)理坐標:北緯37°15'2"~37°22'10",東(dong)(dong)經111°53'50"~112°0'2"。全境地(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦,平(ping)均海拔739米。自然(ran)地(di)(di)形為開闊平(ping)坦的(de)(de)沖(chong)積平(ping)原(yuan),是太原(yuan)盆地(di)(di)的(de)(de)一部(bu)分。
四.產品品質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
1.外在感官特征:冀村長山藥條塊順直(zhi),塊莖肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)厚,直(zhi)徑5厘(li)米左右(you),圓柱形,表皮(pi)光潔色淡,有紫(zi)紅斑,根毛細而稀少,皮(pi)薄(bo)、薯肉(rou)色澤潔白(bai)(bai)(bai),肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)細膩無纖維,易熟,熟后性綿(mian),質(zhi)(zhi)地綿(mian)而不柴,香氣濃(nong)郁。掰(bai)開后有白(bai)(bai)(bai)色黏液,黏度高(gao)、粉性足、色白(bai)(bai)(bai)、肉(rou)身(shen)如玉,啖食無渣。
2.內(nei)在質量指標(biao):冀村長山(shan)藥營養(yang)價值高(gao),可食(shi)率(lv)(以質量計)>95.0%。山(shan)藥塊莖中蛋白質含量約2.0~3.5g/100g,淀(dian)粉含量9.8~16.5g/100g,總膳食(shi)纖維(以干基計)4.0~5.6g/100g,鈣8.2~10.3mg/100g,鉀388~527mg/100g,鐵0.10~0.36mg/100g,粗纖維0.37~0.59g/100g,粗多糖(以葡(pu)萄糖計)0.41~0.66g/100g,維生(sheng)素C 7.3~9.1mg/100g,維生(sheng)素B1 0.037~0.063mg/100g,可溶性固形物5.7~8.3%。
3.安(an)全要(yao)求:嚴(yan)格按照“冀村(cun)長(chang)山藥栽培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)規程(cheng)”進(jin)行生(sheng)產和管理(li)。“冀村(cun)長(chang)山藥”合理(li)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)肥料、農(nong)藥等農(nong)業投入品(pin),嚴(yan)禁使(shi)(shi)用(yong)國家(jia)明(ming)令禁止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)高(gao)劇毒、高(gao)殘(can)留農(nong)藥,嚴(yan)格執行農(nong)藥使(shi)(shi)用(yong)安(an)全間隔(ge)期(qi)。在收(shou)購前15天,對(dui)生(sheng)產基地(di)隨機抽(chou)取(qu)樣(yang)品(pin)進(jin)行農(nong)殘(can)和重(zhong)金(jin)屬檢(jian)驗,符(fu)合NY5112-2005產業標準以及(ji)無公害食品(pin)NY5013-2006林果類產品(pin)產地(di)環境條件,以及(ji)GB4285農(nong)藥安(an)全使(shi)(shi)用(yong)準則,GB/T8321農(nong)藥合理(li)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)準則等相關(guan)標準和要(yao)求。
五.特定生(sheng)產方(fang)式
1.產地選擇(ze)與特(te)殊內容規定產地要(yao)求(qiu):汾陽市冀(ji)村鎮(zhen),土壤為(wei)酸堿度接近中性(xing)的壤質土地,土種類型為(wei)褐土,土層深厚,通(tong)透性(xing)好。土質結構組成(cheng)合(he)理、質地好,特(te)別適合(he)于冀(ji)村長山(shan)藥(yao)種植生產。環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量(liang):冀(ji)村長山(shan)藥(yao)基地遠離城區、工業(ye)污染源和生活垃圾場等。要(yao)選擇(ze)空氣清新(xin)、水質純(chun)凈,具(ju)有良好生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的地區。
2.品(pin)(pin)種選擇與(yu)提純復壯 冀村長山藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)種為歷史上(shang)遺留(liu)(liu)下(xia)來的(de)地(di)方品(pin)(pin)種——汾山藥(yao)。由(you)于(yu)山藥(yao)是(shi)無(wu)性繁(fan)殖(zhi),連續多年栽(zai)培(pei)必然造成品(pin)(pin)種退化,產量下(xia)降。在有關(guan)技術人員的(de)指(zhi)導下(xia),通過種薯選優與(yu)山藥(yao)豆(dou)(零(ling)余子)繁(fan)殖(zhi)相結合的(de)方法進(jin)行提純復壯,每年收(shou)獲時或(huo)出售前(qian)截秧(yang)子時按照整薯質量選留(liu)(liu)秧(yang)子,選留(liu)(liu)的(de)標準是(shi)秧(yang)辮子粗短,頂芽(ya)飽滿,塊(kuai)莖光潔個大,無(wu)分枝分杈,無(wu)病蟲(chong)危害,而將不標準秧(yang)子淘(tao)汰。同時每年用山藥(yao)豆(dou)繁(fan)殖(zhi)一些新(xin)秧(yang)子,以補充不足部分。
3. 生產控制
(1)整(zheng)地施肥(fei)整(zheng)地:土(tu)壤封凍(dong)前耕(geng)地,按120cm帶劃線挖溝(gou),溝(gou)寬(kuan)50cm,深60~100cm,溝(gou)間距70cm。將挖出的土(tu)放在溝(gou)兩邊,經過冬季(ji)凍(dong)融(rong)日曬分化后(hou)(hou),于第2 年(nian)春天土(tu)壤解凍(dong)后(hou)(hou),在溝(gou)內回填(tian)(tian)土(tu),回填(tian)(tian)時要(yao)分層(ceng)踩實。然后(hou)(hou)進行施肥(fei)做畦(qi),畦(qi)寬(kuan)120cm,使溝(gou)居畦(qi)中。施肥(fei):肥(fei)料(liao)使用要(yao)符合DB14/87中肥(fei)料(liao)使用準則,滿足無公(gong)(gong)害山藥(yao)對肥(fei)料(liao)的要(yao)求,結合回填(tian)(tian)土(tu),一(yi)般每公(gong)(gong)頃施優質有機(ji)肥(fei)45000kg,硫酸鉀型氮磷鉀(氮、磷、鉀含量(liang)分別是15%)復合肥(fei)600~750kg。
(2)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯處理(li)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):選(xuan)用(yong)經過休(xiu)眠的健(jian)壯(zhuang)、無(wu)病(bing)山(shan)藥栽(zai)子,或(huo)直徑3-4cm左右,長10cm的山(shan)藥段。曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)進行(xing)曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),栽(zai)子曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2~3天,山(shan)藥段曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)4~5天。藥劑浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)為防(fang)止(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯帶病(bing),要用(yong)0.1%~0.3%的鐵滅(mie)克(TMK)溶液(ye)(ye)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)7~10h防(fang)治(zhi)山(shan)藥線(xian)蟲病(bing),用(yong)50%的多(duo)菌(jun)靈可濕性粉劑500倍液(ye)(ye)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1h防(fang)治(zhi)枯萎病(bing)。
(3)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)期:10cm地(di)溫穩定在9~10℃時,開始(shi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。汾陽冀村地(di)區一般在4 月中旬。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)方法:在畦(qi)內挖溝(gou)的地(di)方開小溝(gou),溝(gou)深(shen)8~10cm,每畦(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)2行,溝(gou)內2 行相距35cm,開溝(gou)后將栽子(種(zhong)(zhong)薯)以芽為準,按株距25~30cm,將芽朝一個方向平放(fang)溝(gou)中,覆土8cm后輕輕踩(cai)壓,使栽子與土壤緊(jin)密(mi)結合。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)量:每公頃(qing)用種(zhong)(zhong)薯57000~64500個。
(4)田間管理疏苗(miao):出(chu)苗(miao)后,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)疏苗(miao)。畝(mu)留苗(miao)6000株左右。適(shi)時支架:山藥蔓(man)長30~50cm 時,用竹竿或(huo)高(gao)(gao)粱稈每株插(cha)1根(gen),搭(da)成(cheng)人字架或(huo)四腳架,架高(gao)(gao)約2m,并及時扶蔓(man)上架。中(zhong)耕松土:在生長季節要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)3~5次(ci)(ci)(ci)中(zhong)耕松土并除(chu)草。合理澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui):播前(qian)(qian)澆(jiao)(jiao)足底墑水(shui)(shui),促快發(fa)芽。生長前(qian)(qian)期(qi)不澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui),待莖(jing)(jing)蔓(man)進(jin)(jin)入旺盛生長期(qi)(出(chu)苗(miao)后40~50天)澆(jiao)(jiao)發(fa)棵水(shui)(shui),現蕾前(qian)(qian)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)促莖(jing)(jing)葉、塊莖(jing)(jing)生長。現蕾后30天澆(jiao)(jiao)第3次(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui),促塊莖(jing)(jing)增長。追(zhui)肥(fei):發(fa)棵期(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)1~2次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)肥(fei),每公(gong)頃施45%硫酸鉀型氮磷鉀復合肥(fei)450~600kg,并結(jie)合澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。最(zui)后1次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)肥(fei)應在收獲前(qian)(qian)30~40天進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。
(5)主(zhu)要病蟲害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按(an)照“預防(fang)(fang)為主(zhu),綜(zong)合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)植保(bao)方針,堅持以“農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物理防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生物防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為主(zhu),化學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為輔”的(de)無(wu)害化控制(zhi)原(yuan)則,科學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),保(bao)證生產出安(an)全優質的(de)長山藥產品。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):實(shi)行1年以上的(de)輪作;陰雨天要注意排澇;(增加(jia)通(tong)透性,避免株間郁蔽高濕(shi);采收后將(jiang)留在地(di)上的(de)病殘體集中(zhong)燒(shao)毀并深翻,減少越冬(dong)菌(jun)蟲源。化學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):以生物制(zhi)劑(ji)為主(zhu),使(shi)用(yong)時嚴格(ge)按(an)照GB 4285農(nong)(nong)藥安(an)全使(shi)用(yong)標準和GB/T8321規(gui)定執行。腐爛(lan)病用(yong)72%農(nong)(nong)用(yong)鏈霉素(su)可濕(shi)性粉劑(ji)3000倍液或77%氫氧化銅500倍液灌根。金針蟲、蠐螬等地(di)下害蟲播(bo)種時,在播(bo)種溝(gou)內每(mei)公頃撒施3%辛硫(liu)磷顆(ke)粒(li)劑(ji)22.5kg。
(6)采(cai)收(shou)和(he)(he)貯(zhu)藏(zang)采(cai)收(shou):霜降后地上莖(jing)葉干(gan)枯,應拔(ba)除地上藤蔓和(he)(he)架材(cai)進行(xing)采(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)的(de)外(wai)觀要求為:塊莖(jing)表面沒有污染(ran)或其他外(wai)來物,無腐爛和(he)(he)病(bing)蟲、機械傷(shang),按一定長(chang)(chang)度(du)分級包裝(zhuang),整齊度(du)要達到90%以(yi)上。貯(zhu)藏(zang):采(cai)用(yong)堆藏(zang)或窖藏(zang)等方式進行(xing)貯(zhu)藏(zang),貯(zhu)藏(zang)溫度(du)4~5 ℃。生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄要求生(sheng)產(chan)管理人(ren)員(yuan)負責對冀村長(chang)(chang)山(shan)藥生(sheng)產(chan)各環節(jie)、病(bing)蟲防治和(he)(he)收(shou)購入庫過程的(de)記(ji)錄,以(yi)保證產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)過程質量控(kong)制。