一.產品介紹
湟(huang)中(zhong)蠶豆的地(di)域保(bao)護范圍為青海省湟(huang)中(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內。東(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)101°09′32″至101°54′50″,北緯36°13′32″至37°03′19″,東(dong)(dong)(dong)臨西(xi)寧市;南接(jie)貴(gui)德縣(xian)(xian)(xian);西(xi)連湟(huang)源縣(xian)(xian)(xian);北與大通縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤(rang)。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)南北長91公(gong)(gong)里,東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬68公(gong)(gong)里,幅員面積約3000平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里。湟(huang)中(zhong)蠶豆種(zhong)植主要集(ji)中(zhong)在攔隆口、多巴(ba)、李家山、海子溝、上五莊、共和、甘河(he)灘、漢(han)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、大才、魯沙爾、西(xi)堡、田家寨、土門(men)關、上新(xin)莊、群加等(deng)鄉鎮。是我省主要蠶豆生產(chan)區之一。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境(jing)和(he)人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌情況:湟中縣(xian)地(di)處我國西(xi)北黃土(tu)(tu)高原-青藏高原過渡地(di)帶(dai),其地(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)貌兼具二(er)者特色。境內(nei)(nei)三面環山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),祁連山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)余脈-娘(niang)娘(niang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)群雄居其北,垃(la)脊山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈綿橫西(xi)、南兩名面。黃河上游(you)支流-湟水由西(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)橫穿縣(xian)境中部,兩側形(xing)(xing)成多級河谷階地(di)。全縣(xian)境內(nei)(nei)溝(gou)谷錯縱,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川相間,地(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)貌比較(jiao)復(fu)雜。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區丘(qiu)陵(ling)面積占全縣(xian)89.9%。整(zheng)個地(di)勢由東(dong)南向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)北逐(zhu)漸(jian)抬(tai)升,海拔(ba)2225-4488米(mi),最(zui)低(di)點是(shi)田家(jia)寨(zhai)鄉(xiang)謝家(jia)村,最(zui)高點是(shi)群加(jia)藏族鄉(xiang)的(de)果石摘山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰,相對總高差2263米(mi),局(ju)部高差常(chang)為200-700米(mi)。水平和垂直方向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)變化十分(fen)顯著。縣(xian)境內(nei)(nei)的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤主要(yao)是(shi):黑鈣土(tu)(tu)、粟(su)鈣土(tu)(tu)、沖積灌淤土(tu)(tu)和耕(geng)(geng)作北方紅(hong)土(tu)(tu)等類型。土(tu)(tu)壤保肥性(xing)、供肥性(xing)適(shi)耕(geng)(geng)性(xing)較(jiao)好,適(shi)宜湟中蠶豆(dou)的(de)生長發育。
2、水(shui)文情(qing)況:湟中縣(xian)地處內陸(lu),一般來說是(shi)降(jiang)水(shui)不足。但由于拉脊山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)和娘(niang)娘(niang)山(shan)(shan)群在縣(xian)境西、北兩面形成人字形屏障,對(dui)東南季(ji)風對(dui)降(jiang)水(shui)條件較好,境內絕大(da)部分地區平均降(jiang)水(shui)量都大(da)于400毫(hao)米;由于降(jiang)水(shui)條件相對(dui)較好,加之“環山(shan)(shan)匯水(shui)”的(de)有利地形,水(shui)資源比較豐(feng)富(fu),而且水(shui)資源無污(wu)染,水(shui)質(zhi)優良,礦(kuang)化度較低。全縣(xian)十三條水(shui)系(xi),水(shui)資源總量4.2億立方米。
3、氣(qi)候情(qing)況:我縣屬高(gao)原(yuan)大陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候。其特點是(shi):日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)間長(chang),大氣(qi)透明度(du)(du)高(gao),太陽輻射(she)(she)強,光能資源豐富;冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)漫(man)長(chang),夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)涼(liang)爽,四季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不明顯;氣(qi)溫(wen)日(ri)(ri)較差(cha)大,年較差(cha)小(xiao)(xiao)。該(gai)地(di)區平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數2588.3小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)百分率59%,總(zong)輻射(she)(she)量142.14千(qian)卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)方厘米;年極端(duan)最高(gao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)32度(du)(du),且(qie)時(shi)(shi)間短,極端(duan)最低溫(wen)度(du)(du)-31.7度(du)(du),年均溫(wen)2.8度(du)(du),最熱月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)14.2度(du)(du),最冷(leng)月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)-10.9度(du)(du);無霜期110—140天(tian)(tian),≥0℃積(ji)溫(wen)900—2578℃,≥5℃積(ji)溫(wen)700—2158℃;年降水(shui)量527.6毫米,5—9月(yue)(yue)降水(shui)較多(duo),冬(dong)春兩季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)降水(shui)量僅占年降水(shui)量的(de)23%左右。生長(chang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(0—2℃)85—220天(tian)(tian),熱量可滿(man)足一季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作物需求,在海拔2500米以下川水(shui)地(di)帶(dai),年均溫(wen)≥4℃,生長(chang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)超(chao)過(guo)220天(tian)(tian),由于(yu)氣(qi)候冷(leng)涼(liang),日(ri)(ri)較差(cha)大,有利于(yu)蠶豆干物質的(de)積(ji)累。
三.地域范圍
湟(huang)中(zhong)蠶豆(dou)的地域保護范圍為青海(hai)(hai)省湟(huang)中(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)境內。東經101°09′32″至101°54′50″,北緯36°13′32″至37°03′19″,東臨西(xi)(xi)寧市;南接(jie)貴德縣(xian)(xian);西(xi)(xi)連湟(huang)源縣(xian)(xian);北與大(da)(da)通縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤。全縣(xian)(xian)南北長91公(gong)里(li),東西(xi)(xi)寬68公(gong)里(li),幅(fu)員面積約3000平方公(gong)里(li)。湟(huang)中(zhong)蠶豆(dou)種植主要集中(zhong)在(zai)攔隆(long)口、多巴(ba)、李(li)家山(shan)、海(hai)(hai)子溝(gou)、上五莊、共和、甘河(he)灘、漢東、大(da)(da)才、魯沙爾、西(xi)(xi)堡、田家寨、土門關、上新莊、群加等鄉鎮。是(shi)我(wo)省主要蠶豆(dou)生產區(qu)之(zhi)一。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性特征
1、外(wai)在(zai)感官特征:應符如(ru)下的規定:種皮表面乳白(bai)色(se),光(guang)滑,有(you)光(guang)澤,兩面凹陷;種臍位(wei)于較大端,褐色(se)或黑褐色(se)。質堅硬,內有(you)子葉2枚(mei),肥厚,黃(huang)色(se)。
2、內在(zai)品質指標(檢(jian)測數據):應符合表1(略)的規定。
3、安全要求:應符合表2(略(lve))的規定。