青海是(shi)世界四大(da)(da)凈(jing)區(qu)之一(yi),生長在這里的(de)(de)蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou),被(bei)國際(ji)市場公認(ren)為(wei)‘世界最(zui)好的(de)(de)蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)’,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)近千噸青海蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)被(bei)銷往全球各地。青海省大(da)(da)通(tong)縣(xian)生態類型復雜,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫4.7 ℃,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)日照時數為(wei)2 656.1 h,平均(jun)太陽輻射(she)強,年(nian)(nian)≥0 ℃積溫為(wei)2 450 ℃,無霜期132 d,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量為(wei)514.3 mm,6—9月為(wei)主(zhu)要降(jiang)雨(yu)季節,雨(yu)熱(re)同季,氣(qi)候冷涼,海拔較高(gao),日照充(chong)足,晝夜溫差(cha)大(da)(da),土壤疏松富含鉀,無污染,適宜(yi)蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)生長發育。大(da)(da)通(tong)蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)在全縣(xian)20個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)內都有(you)種(zhong)植,主(zhu)要集中在塔爾鎮(zhen)、新莊鎮(zhen)、城關(guan)鎮(zhen)、景陽鎮(zhen)等鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)。大(da)(da)通(tong)蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)高(gao)產(chan)優(you)質,是(shi)青海省蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)良(liang)種(zhong)和(he)商品蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要生產(chan)區(qu)之一(yi),大(da)(da)通(tong)蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)為(wei)農產(chan)品地理標志產(chan)品。
2012年(nian)(nian)(nian),大(da)通(tong)(tong)縣示(shi)范種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)青海(hai)(hai)(hai)13號(hao)(hao)蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou),該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是早熟(shu)、高產(chan)、高蛋白(bai)(bai)蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)由(you)青海(hai)(hai)(hai)省農(nong)林科(ke)學院作物(wu)所以馬牙為母本、戴韋(wei)(divine)為父(fu)本經有(you)性雜交選育(yu)而成的(de),具有(you)早熟(shu)、高產(chan)、優(you)質(zhi)、抗逆(ni)性強、商品(pin)(pin)性好(hao)等優(you)點,2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月10日通(tong)(tong)過青海(hai)(hai)(hai)省農(nong)作物(wu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定委員會審定。該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)高(101.70±10.31) cm,單株(zhu)粒數(shu)(36.79±11.53)粒,單株(zhu)產(chan)量(liang)(33.56±10.05) g,百粒重(81.21±5.87) g,蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)31.19%,籽粒白(bai)(bai)色,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臍白(bai)(bai)色。平均產(chan)量(liang)4 500 kg/hm2左右。青海(hai)(hai)(hai)13號(hao)(hao)適宜在青海(hai)(hai)(hai)高寒農(nong)業區(qu)或農(nong)牧(mu)交錯區(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。適于(yu)休(xiu)閑食品(pin)(pin)、蛋白(bai)(bai)分離加(jia)工(gong)等開發。2013年(nian)(nian)(nian),繼續擴大(da)了青海(hai)(hai)(hai)13號(hao)(hao)蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji),對大(da)通(tong)(tong)縣優(you)化品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結構,推動(dong)蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)區(qu)域布局,促進大(da)通(tong)(tong)蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)產(chan)業持續發展具有(you)重要意(yi)義。
大通蠶豆品質特性特征
1、大通(tong)蠶豆外在(zai)感官特征(zheng):
1.1大(da)通蠶豆籽粒皮(pi)薄,煮飪品質好,利于加工芽豆,適宜干炒、膨(peng)化、油炸。
1.2大通蠶豆(dou)籽粒大且飽(bao)滿均(jun)勻(yun),皮色(se)(se)光亮,變色(se)(se)慢,耐貯藏,商(shang)品率高。
1.3大通蠶(can)豆籽粒無(wu)蠶(can)豆象危害(hai),無(wu)水銹斑,是各類(lei)休閑食品(pin)、調味品(pin)的理想生(sheng)產原料。
2、內在品(pin)質:≥檢測結果表明:大通蠶豆蛋(dan)白質含量(liang)為≥20%、多糖≥0.5%、鈣(gai)≥950mg/kg,均(jun)高于蠶豆規范(fan)值,營養(yang)豐(feng)富。