芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)處青藏(zang)高原邊緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)岷(min)山(shan)山(shan)系(xi)與(yu)西(xi)秦嶺(ling)延伸交錯地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)，境(jing)(jing)(jing)內山(shan)高坡陡、地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)復(fu)雜(za)、屬亞熱帶(dai)(dai)、溫帶(dai)(dai)、寒帶(dai)(dai)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)候過渡(du)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)。由(you)于(yu)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內地(di)(di)理位(wei)置特(te)(te)殊，氣(qi)(qi)候差異大(da)(da)，光(guang)(guang)照充(chong)足(zu)，獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)理環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)層次分明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)(te)征，形(xing)(xing)成了(le)(le)(le)“一(yi)(yi)山(shan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)四季，十(shi)里(li)不(bu)同天(tian)(tian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立體氣(qi)(qi)候，為(wei)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)提供了(le)(le)(le)得(de)天(tian)(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件。 宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)資(zi)源豐富，自古就有(you)(you)(you)(you)“千年(nian)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)鄉(xiang)”、“天(tian)(tian)然(ran)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)庫”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美譽。全縣(xian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)資(zi)源690多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，野生(sheng)(sheng)400多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)收購量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就有(you)(you)(you)(you)142種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，常年(nian)家種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)比較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)當歸、大(da)(da)黃(huang)、黨參(can)、紅(hong)芪(qi)(qi)、黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)等(deng)10余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。可(ke)(ke)以(yi)說宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確是天(tian)(tian)然(ran)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寶(bao)庫。在(zai)(zai)這天(tian)(tian)然(ran)寶(bao)庫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)(duo)優質中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)其(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群和(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)狀當地(di)(di)特(te)(te)有(you)(you)(you)(you)，宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)就在(zai)(zai)于(yu)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。李時(shi)珍本(ben)草綱目記載：【時(shi)珍曰】耆(qi)，長也。黃(huang)耆(qi)色(se)(se)黃(huang)，為(wei)補藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長，故名。今(jin)俗通(tong)作(zuo)黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)。南宋(song)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物學(xue)家【弘景曰】：“黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)第一(yi)(yi)出(chu)隴西(xi)洮(tao)陽，色(se)(se)黃(huang)白，甜美，今(jin)亦難得(de)，”洮(tao)陽指岷(min)州，宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)大(da)(da)部(bu)分地(di)(di)方過去(qu)屬岷(min)州管轄。宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內各個山(shan)上(shang)(shang)都產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)，已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)數千年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史，因此有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)也叫宕(dang)(dang)(dang)芪(qi)(qi)。《神農(nong)草木(mu)經(jing)》列(lie)為(wei)上(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)。 由(you)于(yu)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候陰涼(liang)濕(shi)潤，光(guang)(guang)照充(chong)足(zu)，境(jing)(jing)(jing)內山(shan)高坡陡，地(di)(di)貌復(fu)雜(za)，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被多(duo)(duo)樣化(hua)且繁茂，除岷(min)江流(liu)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河谷(gu)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)以(yi)外(wai)(wai)全縣(xian)其(qi)他地(di)(di)方均能種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)。宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)紅(hong)芪(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)樣享譽中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)(wai)，主要取決于(yu)質量特(te)(te)色(se)(se)，而質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)又取決于(yu)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)域環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)。該環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)候，土壤和(he)(he)(he)(he)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培管理技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)質量特(te)(te)色(se)(se)存在(zai)(zai)著密(mi)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依存關系(xi)。在(zai)(zai)民國(guo)時(shi)期，就已(yi)成為(wei)外(wai)(wai)銷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)(pin)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。從1978年(nian)開始，由(you)野藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)變(bian)為(wei)家種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。全縣(xian)年(nian)均種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)3萬畝(mu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量達1.8萬噸。 宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)歷屆縣(xian)委、政(zheng)府(fu)領導都尤(you)為(wei)重(zhong)視(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)上(shang)(shang)級(ji)組織和(he)(he)(he)(he)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度重(zhong)視(shi)，2002年(nian)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)到(dao)國(guo)家醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)總公司(si)幫扶，農(nong)業部(bu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)司(si)為(wei)此派梁金龍同志到(dao)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)掛職(zhi)副縣(xian)長，主抓(zhua)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)優特(te)(te)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)加(jia)工銷售。并在(zai)(zai)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)工過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，各級(ji)組織和(he)(he)(he)(he)廣大(da)(da)農(nong)民群眾(zhong)在(zai)(zai)實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)摸索出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列(lie)經(jing)驗，進一(yi)(yi)步擴大(da)(da)了(le)(le)(le)優勢(shi)品(pin)(pin)牌，推動(dong)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)壯大(da)(da)。同時(shi)，健全了(le)(le)(le)服務(wu)體系(xi)。縣(xian)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)專職(zhi)負責中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃指導、技(ji)術(shu)培訓、信息(xi)交流(liu)、溝(gou)通(tong)協調的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)開發(fa)服務(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心。通(tong)過辦示范點、選育(yu)引進新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、進一(yi)(yi)步改進種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)，推動(dong)無公害(hai)標準化(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)配方施肥，從種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)料(liao)到(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個環(huan)節嚴密(mi)把關，確保藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量和(he)(he)(he)(he)質量，使(shi)黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)空(kong)前(qian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。 總之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)從民國(guo)時(shi)，已(yi)列(lie)為(wei)外(wai)(wai)銷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)(pin)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，1978年(nian)家種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)來(lai)，已(yi)大(da)(da)量推廣、發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)并以(yi)享譽中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)(wai)。在(zai)(zai)市(shi)場引導、政(zheng)府(fu)鼓勵和(he)(he)(he)(he)技(ji)術(shu)保證下，黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)表現出(chu)群眾(zhong)積(ji)(ji)極性(xing)高、面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量高，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)科學(xue)化(hua)、標準化(hua)等(deng)特(te)(te)點，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質好，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用成分含(han)量高，初步呈現出(chu)大(da)(da)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、大(da)(da)市(shi)場、大(da)(da)流(liu)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)態勢(shi)，黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業已(yi)成為(wei)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)昌(chang)(chang)最有(you)(you)(you)(you)特(te)(te)色(se)(se)、最具有(you)(you)(you)(you)潛(qian)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點支(zhi)柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)景廣闊(kuo)。

二.自然(ran)生態環境和(he)人文歷史因素(su)

（1）土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌情(qing)況：地域內土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主要以(yi)褐土(tu)(tu)、黑鈣土(tu)(tu)和森林黑土(tu)(tu)為主，土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)多為砂(sha)質(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、粉砂(sha)質(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)層深厚、疏松，易(yi)耕作、易(yi)排水(shui)，PH值為7.9～8.3之(zhi)間，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機(ji)質(zhi)含量均(jun)在1.31%以(yi)上，最高(gao)達(da)6.86%以(yi)上，磷(lin)、氮、鉀元素含量豐富，植(zhi)株表現(xian)根系發(fa)達(da)，莖桿粗壯，栽培(pei)管理中只要適(shi)當注意氮、磷(lin)、鉀肥的科學(xue)配施，就能為黃芪生長發(fa)育創造有利條(tiao)件。

（2）水文情況：種植區屬濕涼半干(gan)旱和溫寒半濕潤(run)區，年降(jiang)(jiang)水600～750mm，自然降(jiang)(jiang)水充足(zu)，黃芪生(sheng)長忌水澇，主要靠(kao)自然降(jiang)(jiang)水，無需灌溉。

（3）氣候情(qing)況：宕昌(chang)黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)種植(zhi)區域內(nei)無霜期160天，日(ri)照總時數2260～2370小時，年均氣溫6.5℃。在黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)塊根膨大(da)期，光照充足，溫差大(da)，完全滿足黃(huang)芪(qi)(qi)塊根形成期對溫度和光照的需求。

三.地域范圍

宕昌(chang)黃芪在宕昌(chang)縣范圍(wei)內的高半(ban)山區(qu)均能種(zhong)植，界于東經104°01′-104°25′，北緯33°46′-34°03′的范圍(wei)，海拔1900～2200米濕涼(liang)半(ban)干旱和溫(wen)寒(han)半(ban)濕潤(run)區(qu)。區(qu)內有阿塢鄉(xiang)(xiang)、哈達鋪鎮(zhen)、理川(chuan)鎮(zhen)、八力鄉(xiang)(xiang)、龐家鄉(xiang)(xiang)、南河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、何(he)家堡鄉(xiang)(xiang)、木耳鄉(xiang)(xiang)、興化鄉(xiang)(xiang)、車拉鄉(xiang)(xiang)、將臺(tai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、賈河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、城關鎮(zhen)、新(xin)(xin)城子鄉(xiang)(xiang)、臨(lin)江鄉(xiang)(xiang)、甘江頭鄉(xiang)(xiang)、兩河(he)口(kou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、沙灣鎮(zhen)、官亭鎮(zhen)、新(xin)(xin)寨鄉(xiang)(xiang)、獅子鄉(xiang)(xiang)、南陽鎮(zhen)、好梯鄉(xiang)(xiang)、竹(zhu)院鄉(xiang)(xiang)、韓院鄉(xiang)(xiang)等25個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)，334個行政村，區(qu)域面積(ji)3333.1平方公里，黃芪種(zhong)植面積(ji)4300公頃，年(nian)產量為(wei)3.6萬噸。

四.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)性(xing)特(te)征(zheng)

（一）外在感官特(te)征宕昌黃(huang)芪主根長呈圓(yuan)柱形，上端較粗，長30～90cm，直徑1～3.5cm；表皮(pi)縱皺(zhou)(zhou)，淡棕黃(huang)色或(huo)淡棕褐色，有(you)不整齊的(de)縱皺(zhou)(zhou)紋或(huo)縱溝；質(zhi)(zhi)硬而韌，不易折斷(duan)，有(you)粉性；肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)白(bai)，斷(duan)面纖維性強，較疏松(song)；木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)有(you)菊花狀(zhuang)紋理；有(you)生(sheng)豆氣(qi)味、味微(wei)甜(tian)。以根條(tiao)粗長、菊花心鮮明、空洞小、破皮(pi)少者為佳。

（二）內在品(pin)質特性宕昌(chang)黃(huang)芪食藥同(tong)源，營(ying)養(yang)豐富。主要成分(fen)為鋅≥26.9mg/kg、鐵(tie)≥ 272.0mg/kg、錳≥16.5mg/kg、鈣≥2.0g/kg、鎂≥2.2g/kg、磷≥3.1g/kg、總糖≥389.0g/kg、水分(fen)≤8.5%、灰分(fen)≤4.20g/kg、粗蛋白≥183.0g/kg、粗脂肪(fang)≥8.30g/kg、粗纖維≤198.0g/kg、無氮浸出物(wu)≥494.0g/kg。藥效成分(fen)高(gao)于《中華(hua)人民共和國藥典》（2010版）：黃(huang)芪甲苷(gan)（以干基計(ji)）≥0.044%；毛蕊(rui)異(yi)黃(huang)酮葡萄糖苷(gan)（以干基計(ji)）≥0.12%。

（三）安(an)全(quan)要求 宕昌黃(huang)芪(qi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用按(an)GB4285農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)安(an)全(quan)使用標準GB/T8321.1（所有部分）農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)合理(li)使用準則(ze)執(zhi)行，肥(fei)(fei)料按(an)NY/T496-2002肥(fei)(fei)料合理(li)使用準則(ze)（通則(ze)）執(zhi)行，產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境按(an)NY5332-2006無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害食(shi)品大田(tian)作物(wu)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境條件執(zhi)行，包(bao)裝按(an)NY/T658綠色食(shi)品包(bao)裝通用準則(ze)執(zhi)行。宕昌黃(huang)芪(qi)產(chan)(chan)地(di)安(an)全(quan)應當按(an)照(zhao)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境進行監督(du)和管理(li)，產(chan)(chan)品除(chu)按(an)照(zhao)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品嚴格管理(li)和生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)外，還要遵照(zhao)國(guo)家(jia)嚴格按(an)《中華人(ren)民共和國(guo)藥(yao)典》2010年版(ban)質量標準執(zhi)行。相關(guan)中藥(yao)材生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理(li)的相關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)執(zhi)行。